ABSTRACT Objective: New technology-based firms (NTBFs) are key actors in creating value through innovation, but they face significant challenges in the rapidly changing and competitive technological environment. Methods: This research is a multi-method analysis aiming to present a model of relationships among drivers for collaboration and competition among technology-based companies and identify effective actions and policies to enhance coopetition (cooperation and competition) that can boost the ability of NTBFs to grow and commercialize innovations. The methodology of this study is exploratory in nature. Thus, it employs literature review method for gathering qualitative data, Fuzzy Delphi method for collecting data from experts, and DEMATEL-ISM method for modeling the relationships among drivers and demonstrating the impact of coopetition on the performance of NTBFs. Results: The research findings show that coopetition can improve growth, innovation, and commercialization in NTBFs by overcoming technological and competitive limitations. Conclusions: The study offers practical and social implications for managers, policy makers, and economic development by highlighting the role of coopetition in fostering innovation and prosperity. Objective technologybased technology based (NTBFs environment Methods multimethod multi cooperation innovations nature Thus experts DEMATELISM DEMATEL ISM Results growth limitations Conclusions managers makers prosperity

Abstract Does French legislation encourage integration and post-national citizenship? Although French national identity and integration literature reaffirms the exhaustion of the French model and politics for integration, and although traces of economic and social segregation are still observed, data from the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques and the Migrant Integration Policy Index indicate instead a growing care, from 2015 onwards, to include non-nationals into French society. In light of this mismatch between literature and data, this study tests the hypothesis that the legislative acts published by Paris display a propensity towards welcoming and guaranteeing rights regardless of the immigrants’ nationality. To that end, our research design is multi-method. First, we applied content analysis to 40 regulations referring to immigration, nationality, and citizenship in the period from 2001 to 2022. Then, correspondence analysis was used to gauge the correlation between the proposed categories. Corroborating our hypotheses, the results suggest that (i) French laws, decrees, and ordinances have set norms that are more focused on respecting and welcoming immigrants; and that (ii) there is a correlation between the norms that include non-nationals and those that dissociate the guarantee of rights from nationality. In this way, the present study contributes to the literature on migration flows in the 21st century, especially the guarantee of Human Rights and dignity in French society. postnational post observed care 201 onwards nonnationals non nationals society immigrants nationality end multimethod. multimethod multi method. method multi-method First 4 immigration 200 2022 Then categories hypotheses i (i laws decrees ii (ii way st century 20 202 2

Abstract This article aims to analyze the institutional self-evaluation process developed in a municipal school in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. It highlights the implementation of innovative, participatory, and intensive methodological tools in an experience carried out between 2018 and 2019, focusing on the promotion of Educational Inclusion guided by the principles outlined in the Guide for Educational Inclusion. The methodology employs a Qualitative Design based on a Case Study that systematizes the initial phase of an Action-Research process developed in consensus between researchers, the school, and its coordinating team. This approach enabled a simultaneous process of accompaniment and inquiry, using field notes and interviews. In this way, the analysis highlights three phases: 1) the formation of the Inclusion Team, 2) the process of self-evaluation and methodologies implemented, and 3) the process of evaluation of barriers and design of the Plan. The results provide a detailed overview of the initiative, highlighting reflective aspects and transformative strategies, thereby contributing to the understanding of effective educational practices and promoting participatory approaches in institutional self-evaluation processes. It is concluded that the journey towards Educational Inclusion constitutes a self-reflective odyssey of collaborative action, allowing for a fresh perspective of the traditional processes of Institutional Self-Assessment and Evaluation. This perspective is enriched by Action Research and multi-method Methodologies, in order to cultivate cultural, political and practical conditions for learning and participation of the entire educational community.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de autoavaliação institucional desenvolvido em uma escola municipal da Região Metropolitana do Chile, destacando a implementação de ferramentas metodológicas inovadoras, participativas e intensivas em uma experiência realizada entre 2018 e 2019, com foco na promoção da Inclusão Educacional a partir das diretrizes do Guia de Inclusão Educacional. A metodologia estabelece um Design Qualitativo baseado em um Estudo de Caso que sistematiza a primeira fase de um processo de Pesquisa-Ação acordado entre os pesquisadores, a escola e sua equipe de coordenação. Essa abordagem permitiu um processo simultâneo de acompanhamento e investigação, usando notas de campo e entrevistas. Dessa forma, três fases são destacadas: 1) Formação da equipe de inclusão, 2) Processo de autoavaliação e metodologias implementadas, e 3) Processo de avaliação de barreiras e elaboração do plano. Os resultados fornecem uma visão detalhada da iniciativa, destacando aspectos reflexivos e estratégias transformadoras, contribuindo para a compreensão de práticas educacionais eficazes e promovendo abordagens participativas nos processos de autoavaliação institucional. Conclui-se que a jornada rumo à Inclusão Educacional constitui uma odisseia autorreflexiva e de ação colaborativa que permite adotar uma perspectiva sobre os processos tradicionais de Autoavaliação e Avaliação Institucional, enriquecida pela Pesquisa-Ação e por metodologias multimétodos, a fim de construir condições culturais, políticas e práticas para o aprendizado e a participação de toda a comunidade educacional.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de autoevaluación institucional desarrollado en un colegio municipal de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, destacando la implementación de herramientas metodológicas innovadoras, participativas e intensivas en una experiencia realizada entre 2018 y 2019, centrando en la promoción de la Inclusión Educativa a partir de las orientaciones de la Guía para la Inclusión Educativa. La metodología establece un Diseño Cualitativo basado en un Estudio de Caso que sistematiza la primera fase de un proceso de Investigación-Acción consensuado entre investigadores, la escuela y su equipo coordinador. Este enfoque permitió llevar a cabo un proceso simultáneo de acompañamiento e indagación, utilizando notas de campo y entrevistas. De esta forma, se destacan tres fases: 1) conformación del equipo de inclusión, 2) proceso de autoevaluación y metodologías implementadas, y 3) proceso de evaluación de barreras y diseño del plan. Los resultados ofrecen una visión detallada de la iniciativa, resaltando aspectos reflexivos y estrategias transformadoras, contribuyendo al entendimiento de prácticas educativas efectivas y promoviendo enfoques participativos en los procesos de autoevaluación institucional. Se concluye que el viaje hacia la Inclusión Educativa constituye una odisea autorreflexiva y de acción colaborativa que permite tomar perspectiva de los procesos tradicionales de Autoevaluación y Evaluación Institucional, en tanto enriquecidos por la investigación acción y metodologías multimétodos, a fin de construir condiciones culturales, políticas y prácticas para el aprendizaje y la participación de toda la comunidad educativa

BACKGROUND: Interventions for type 2 diabetes reduction among older people aged more than 50 years living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are pertinent as they face excess risks amid a growing population of ageing people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to describe interventions for type 2 diabetes reduction among older people living with HIV in Harare Urban District. The study was conducted in a low socioeconomic setting involving five primary health care clinics in Harare Urban District. METHODS: A qualitative multi-method approach was applied using an exploratory descriptive design and an integrative review literature. The exploratory descriptive study collected data from two purposively selected samples: (1) older PLWH and (2) nurses. Whittemore and Knafl's framework was used for the integrative literature review with articles from 2013 to 2023 selected. Data source triangulation was applied using Braun and Clark's content analysis framework. Ethical approval was obtained (14056739_CREC_CHS_2022. RESULTS: Twenty-three older PLWH with a mean age of 62 years, nine nurses with an average of 6 years' experience, and 12 articles comprised the three data sources. The study found that screening should be from younger ages than the general population with assessment of HIV and antiretroviral (ART) specific risks and a diagnostic test for type 2 diabetes at ART initiation and routinely. Health education should provide information on adequate physical activity parameters and increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Metformin may be considered as a pharmacological intervention where lifestyle interventions fail. CONCLUSION: The proposed interventions suggest measures to reduce type 2 diabetes and mitigate excess risks faced by older PLWH. CONTRIBUTION: Improved screening, health education and pharmacological interventions for older PLWH in primary health care settings enable type 2 diabetes reduction.

BACKGROUND: Health crises have been linked with the exacerbation of pre-existing difficulties and the emergence of unique challenges, as evidenced by the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on health caregivers worldwide. Baseline data allow for reflection and preparation for any future health emergencies therefore giving impetus to phenomenological enquiries among the experiencers AIM: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of the eThekwini district frontline radiology caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic SETTING: The study was conducted in public and private radiology departments in the eThekwini district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa METHODS: A qualitative, interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology was adopted in a multi-method data-collection context comprising semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) among 24 radiologists, radiographers, and radiology nurses obtained by non-probability sampling. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach RESULTS: Three superordinate themes emerged, namely: (1) duties and roles during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) work-related challenges, (3) personal challenges CONCLUSION: Frontline radiology caregivers experienced increased workload, staff shortages, salary cuts, personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, non-recognition, poor managerial support, disrupted social relations, and poor work-life balance. This necessitates the need for the radiology departments to address staffing, infection prevention and control deficits, and invest in support interventions to assist frontline radiology caregivers during health crises CONTRIBUTION: The findings comprise baseline information that can be used for reflection and guiding radiology departments in preparing for any future health crises

Professional development of academics in higher education in South Africa has been offered in an uncoordinated and unsustainable manner. Ever since the new dispensation, concerted efforts have been implemented to address this problem. As part of the solution, universities through their academic development units, have introduced various pedagogical training workshops to equip academics with teaching skills. This study investigates perceptions of academics pertaining to this training. A multi-method cross-sectional research design was adopted to understand lecturers' perspectives regarding professional development. A total of 45 participants were purposefully selected to participate in the study from the academics who attended the pedagogical training. A questionnaire (closed and open-ended) was used to collect data. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), while thematic analysis was applied to analyse qualitative data. Results of the study revealed that the training was well-received and academic staff members felt motivated and confident to implement various instructional strategies acquired from the training. Participants expressed a need and willingness to learn and develop new instructional techniques and acquired a positive outlook on teaching and learning following the professional development training. The study recommends redesigning the pedagogical training to include ongoing support activities and customisation in addition to the generic version.

Entrepreneurship is a well-known phenomenon in the history of capitalist societies, but it is currently being seen as a “new” phenomenon, due to the revival of its figure and its social function, as well as its adoption as a public policy for job placement. Along these lines, workers are encouraged to become “companies” as a way out of crises (economic, employment, etc.), with entrepreneurship unfolding in many facets (self-employment, self-employment, informality, etc.), which challenge sociological reflection on the nature of this process and its conceptualization. In this sense, the aim of this work is to frame entrepreneurs in the world of work, based on a critical theoretical reflection of them in relation to the figures of the “entrepreneur” and the “formal salaried worker”. To this end, we used a multi-method approach, mobilizing a literature review on the subject, applying exploratory mixed questionnaires and conducting focus groups. As a result, we observed that understanding the nature of those who work in entrepreneurship cuts across these impacts and brings a paradox: if on the one hand they are formally micro-entrepreneurs, and even have some social rights, on the other hand we observe that this insertion also carries with it a process of concealing the forms of precariousness of work. We conclude that the consolidation of the micro-entrepreneurship process may express an ongoing process of creating a “new” type of worker, one that is more flexible, precarious and insecure.  

O empreendedorismo é um reconhecido fenômeno nas histórias das sociedades capitalistas, mas que vem sendo apontado enquanto um fenômeno “novo” atualmente, devido ao resgate da sua figura e de sua função social, além de sua adoção enquanto política pública para a inserção laboral. Nessa linha, há o estímulo a que trabalhadores se transformem em “empresas” como saída às crises (econômica, do trabalho etc.), desdobrando o empreendedorismo em muitas facetas (autoemprego, trabalho por conta própria, informalidade etc.), que desafiam a reflexão sociológica a respeito da natureza desse processo e de sua conceitualização. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um enquadramento dos empreendedores no mundo do trabalho, a partir de uma reflexão teórica crítica deles diante das figuras do “empresário” e do “trabalhador formal assalariado”. Para tanto, empregamos um enfoque multimétodos, por mobilizar revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, aplicação de questionários mistos exploratórios e realização de grupos focais. Como resultado, observa-se que compreender a natureza daqueles que trabalham no empreendedorismo atravessa esses impactos e traz um paradoxo: se de um lado eles são formalmente microempresários, contando inclusive com alguns direitos sociais, do outro observa-se que essa inserção também carrega um processo de ocultamento das formas de precarização do trabalho. Conclui-se que a consolidação do processo de microempreendedorização pode expressar um processo em curso de constituição de um “novo” tipo de trabalhador, mais flexível, precário e inseguro.

INTRODUCTION: In occupational therapy, three-dimensional printing is being explored as an alternative design and manufacturing technique to the conventional fabrication of orthotics and assistive devices. The global applications and literature are rapidly growing, but the South African - specific literature is deficient. The Technology Acceptance Model depicts that one's perception of any particular technology is a significant determinant of their acceptance of it, determining whether the technology system is successfully adopted or disregarded AIM: To determine the perceived acceptance of three-dimensional printing technology amongst occupational therapists in KwaZulu-Natal and whether exposure to the technology system, in the form of a three-dimensional printing workshop, influences their perception of the technology METHOD: The study followed a multi-method design consisting of two phases; phase one involved the creation of the intervention tool (workshop), which was developed through a process guided by Design-Based Research. Phase two involved the implementation of the intervention and data collection. Therapists documented their perceptions in a questionnaire before and after exposure; following a pre and post-test design, enabling comparison. The questionnaires were based on the Technology Acceptance Model, including 13 questions scored on a seven-point Likert scale and five open-ended questions. The quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and qualitative data were analysed thematically RESULTS: All four categories of the Technology Acceptance Model-based questionnaire displayed a significant change (p < 0.05) between the pre and post-test responses, with a medium effect size CONCLUSION: Exposure to three-dimensional printing influences therapists' perception of the technology IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • The application of Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) in occupational therapy practice has the potential to enable increased accuracy and precision of items fabricated by therapists; enabling customisation and individualisation to the exact specifications of a patient. • 3DP can open doors to a broad spectrum of items that are not easily accessible, affordable, or not even available, accessing ideas and blueprints from a global pool of resources through open-source sites. • With the process of fabrication being digital, not only does this reduce manual labour, but fabricating without touching the patient can reduce pain and prevent disruption of a repair/ surgical site/ wound. • The digital process also allows patients to see and visualise the product during the design process, enabling input prior to printing, contributing to reduced wastage.

The inquiry-based strategy in science education is widely recommended and incorporated in practical work. However, contextual and intrinsic teaching challenges associated with practical investigations (inquiry-based practical work), occur in resource-constrained physical sciences classrooms in South Africa. The intrinsic challenges have previously been identified from the perspective of the pedagogical content knowledge framework and the concerns-based adoption model. In this article we present a novel approach, investigating the intrinsic challenges from a viewpoint of instructional design. The multi-method technique was used to collect data which was analysed by combining the deductive and the inductive approaches in thematic analysis. The findings consist of intrinsic teaching challenges in the initiation, planning, and implementation phases of practical investigations. Examples of the challenges include practical work being considered to have a confirmatory role, inadequacies linked to addressing learner safety, and unfamiliarity with well-known instructional models. While new challenges were identified, the findings add a new perspective to intrinsic challenges relating to practical investigations in the context of physical sciences education in South Africa. Also, the findings enhance global knowledge about the complexity of intrinsic teaching challenges linked to practical investigations. In addition, the findings inform teacher support while suggesting lines of future research linked to practical investigations in resource-constrained physical sciences classrooms in South Africa and beyond.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir y analizar la utilización de los métodos de estudio de caso y de los estudios comparados que podrán contribuir en el nivel de profundidad de la investigación dentro de la estrategia metodológica en el ámbito jurídico ambiental, y porque también resulta favorable aplicar otras herramientas o enfoques provenientes del ámbito de las políticas públicas y de las Ciencias Sociales. En el presente trabajo se utilizó la estrategia multimétodo a través de la implementación de análisis documental y comparativo descriptivo de una selección de publicaciones científicas. A lo largo de este trabajo, se han podido describir diversos aspectos de las estrategias metodológicas de estudios de caso y de estudios comparados que podrán aplicarse en el área del Derecho Ambiental y mejorar el nivel de calidad científica al utilizar y/o adaptar algunas herramientas provenientes de las Ciencias Sociales.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the use of case study methods and comparative studies that may contribute to the level of depth of the investigation within the methodological strategy in the environmental legal field, and because it is also favorable. apply other tools or approaches from the field of public policy and Social Sciences. In the present work, the multi-method strategy was used through the implementation of documentary and comparative descriptive analysis of a selection of scientific publications. Throughout this work, it has been possible to describe various aspects of the methodological strategies of case studies and comparative studies that may be applied in the area of Environmental Law and improve the level of scientific quality by using and/or adapting some tools from of the Social Sciences.

Résumé L'objectif de cet article est de décrire et d'analyser l'utilisation de méthodes d'études de cas et d'études comparatives qui peuvent contribuer au niveau de profondeur de l'investigation dans le cadre de la stratégie méthodologique dans le domaine juridique de l'environnement, et parce qu'elle est également favorable à l'application d'autres outils. ou des approches issues du domaine des politiques publiques et des sciences sociales. Dans le présent travail, la stratégie multiméthode a été utilisée à travers la mise en œuvre d'une analyse descriptive documentaire et comparative d'une sélection de publications scientifiques. Tout au long de ce travail, il a été possible de décrire divers aspects des stratégies méthodologiques d'études de cas et d'études comparatives applicables dans le domaine du droit de l'environnement et d'améliorer le niveau de qualité scientifique en utilisant et/ou en adaptant certains outils de des sciences sociales.

Resumen La supervisión de las escuelas secundarias en Argentina atravesó, como todo el sistema educativo, vertiginosas alteraciones a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19. Las prácticas de los/as supervisores/as se resituaron en las tramas de relaciones y configuraciones de poder desde donde se produce y sostiene el gobierno del nivel secundario. El artículo identifica focos de regulaciones en el trabajo de supervisión escolar: la organización de la enseñanza, las prácticas pedagógicas y los criterios de evaluación y acreditación, entre otros, en los que la supervisión constituyó un actor clave para la legitimación de distintas modificaciones en las prácticas escolares instituidas. Con base en entrevistas realizadas a supervisores/as de siete jurisdicciones, en el marco de un proyecto multi-método de mayor escala, el artículo plantea la combinación de lógicas burocráticas y postburocráticas en el contexto pandémico, y el despliegue de un expertise específico para el trabajo supervisivo en territorios desiguales.

Abstract The supervision of secondary schools in Argentina went through, like the entire educational system, dizzying alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The practices of the supervisors were relocated in the weave of relationships and power configurations in which the government of the secondary level is produced and sustained. The article identifies foci of regulations in the work of school supervision: the organization of teaching, pedagogical practices and evaluation and accreditation criteria, among others, in which supervision was a key actor for the legitimization of different modifications in the instituted school practices. Based on interviews with supervisors from seven jurisdictions, within the framework of a larger-scale multi-method project, the article proposes the combination of bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic logics in the pandemic context, and the deployment of specific expertise for the supervisory work in unequal territories.

Abstract The Rio dos Remédios Group comprises a supracrustal sequence that occupies the base of the Espinhaço Supergroup, São Francisco Craton, Brazil. Its basal formation, Novo Horizonte, crops out in the Paramirim region mainly as metavolcanic rocks that represent one of the fewer occurrences of blue quartz phenocrysts in South America. Their mineralogy consists of quartz and K-feldspar phenocrysts, whereas biotite, muscovite, fluorite, allanite, chlorite, sericite, zircon, and opaque phases occur immersed in a quartz-feldspar-rich groundmass. Such heterogeneous composition is also supported by x-ray diffraction and chemical data. Electron probe microanalysis in some samples revealed the presence of two distinct groups of biotite (magmatic and neoformed), in addition to the presence of iron-rich white mica and almost pure orthoclase feldspar. Our data suggest that the studied metavolcanic rocks have maintained their magmatic characteristics, which were progressively overprinted by hydrothermal fluids and ductile-to-brittle deformation. The magmatic mineralogy is akin to strongly peraluminous and alkaline magmas, common in anorogenic settings – a fertile site for the origin of blue quartz-bearing rocks worldwide. Supergroup Craton Brazil formation Horizonte America Kfeldspar K feldspar muscovite fluorite allanite chlorite sericite zircon quartzfeldsparrich rich groundmass xray x ray neoformed, neoformed , neoformed) ironrich iron characteristics ductiletobrittle ductile brittle deformation magmas quartzbearing bearing worldwide

Resumen Objetivo Describir el perfil sociodemográfico, el acceso y el interés en recibir información digital sobre la disfunción vésico-intestinal, así como comprender la vivencia de la familia de niños y adolescentes acometidos por esta disfunción. Métodos Se trata de un estudio multimetodológico realizado en consultorios externos de Práctica Avanzada de Enfermería en Urología Pediátrica de un hospital universitario de la región Centro-Oeste del país. Resultados La vivencia de la familia de niños con disfunción vésico-intestinal indica un impacto negativo en la cotidianidad, lo que puede estar relacionado con las condiciones sociodemográficas, la falta de conocimiento de las familias sobre los síntomas y los estigmas asociados a su manifestación. Para eso, el acceso a la información digital se presenta como una potencial herramienta de apoyo para mejorar la experiencia de la familia de niños con los síntomas. Conclusión Los resultados expresan la caracterización sociodemográfica de los niños y su familia y el acceso e interés en recibir información por internet sobre la disfunción vésico-intestinal, que puede ser importante para la adhesión y percepción de mejora de los síntomas y puede reflejarse en la vivencia familiar. Por lo tanto, los enfermeros que actúan en el contexto de cuidado en urología pediátrica necesitan innovar su enfoque e implementar nuevas modalidades de atención o intervenciones en salud, principalmente mediante la incorporación de tecnologías basadas en internet, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida tanto de la familia como de los niños con disfunción vésico-intestinal. sociodemográfico vésicointestinal, vésicointestinal vésico intestinal, intestinal CentroOeste Centro Oeste país cotidianidad sociodemográficas manifestación eso familiar salud vésicointestinal. intestinal.

Abstract Objective To describe the sociodemographic profile, access and interest in receiving online information about bladder and bowel dysfunction as well as understand the experience of families of children and adolescents affected by this dysfunction. Methods This is a multi-methodological study carried out in an outpatient clinic of Advanced Nursing Practice in uropediatrics of a teaching hospital in midwestern Brazil. Results The experience of families of children with bladder and bowel dysfunction points to a negative impact on everyday life, which may be related to sociodemographic conditions, lack of knowledge of families about the symptoms and stigmas associated with its manifestation. To this end, access to online information is a potential support tool to improve the experience of children’s families with the symptoms. Conclusion The results express children’s sociodemographic characterization and their family and the access and interest in receiving information on the internet about bladder and bowel dysfunction, which may be important for compliance and perception of improvement in symptoms, reflecting on family experience. Therefore, nurses who work in the context of uropediatrics care need to innovate in their approach and implement new care modalities or health interventions, mainly through the incorporation of internet-based technologies, aimed at improving the quality of life of both the families and children with bladder and bowel dysfunction. profile multimethodological multi methodological Brazil conditions manifestation end childrens s Therefore interventions internetbased based technologies

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, o acesso e interesse em receber informações on-line sobre a disfunção vesical e intestinal, bem como compreender a vivência da família de crianças e adolescentes acometidos por essa disfunção. Métodos Trata-se de estudo multi-metodológico realizado em um ambulatório de Prática Avançada de Enfermagem em Uropediatria de um hospital de ensino da região centro-oeste do país. Resultados A vivência da família da criança com disfunção vesical e intestinal aponta para um impacto negativo no cotidiano podendo estar relacionado às condições sociodemográficas, a falta de conhecimento das famílias sobre os sintomas e aos estigmas associados à sua manifestação. Para tanto, o acesso a informações on-line apresenta-se como potencial ferramenta de apoio para melhorar a experiência da família da criança com os sintomas. Conclusão Os resultados expressam a caracterização sociodemográfica da criança e sua família e o acesso e interesse em receber informações pela internet sobre a disfunção vesical e intestinal, que podem ser importantes para a adesão e percepção de melhora nos sintomas refletindo na vivência familiar. Portanto, o enfermeiro que atua no contexto de cuidado em uropediatria precisa inovar em sua abordagem e implementar novas modalidades de assistência ou intervenções em saúde, principalmente por meio da incorporação de tecnologias baseadas na internet, visando à melhora da qualidade de vida tanto da família quanto da criança com disfunção vesical e intestinal. sociodemográfico online on line Tratase Trata se multimetodológico multi metodológico centrooeste centro oeste país sociodemográficas manifestação apresentase apresenta familiar Portanto saúde

Este artigo descreve o processo de desenho e as características de um questionário e uma diretriz de observação intradomiciliar desenvolvida para avaliar, tanto transversal quanto longitudinalmente, a relação moradia-vizinhança-saúde no âmbito das transformações urbanas realizadas em populações de alta vulnerabilidade sócio-territorial. Os instrumentos foram desenvolvidos para o estudo longitudinal multimétodo RUCAS (Regeneração Urbana, Qualidade de Vida e Saúde), uma experiência natural destinada a avaliar a relação moradia-vizinhança-saúde e o impacto na saúde de um programa de regeneração habitacional em dois conjuntos habitacionais sociais no Chile. A concepção dos instrumentos seguiu quatro etapas principais: (1) revisão narrativa da literatura para definir as dimensões do estudo, e dos instrumentos existentes para identificar itens apropriados para a medição; (2) validação do conteúdo com especialistas; (3) pré-teste; e (4) estudo piloto. O questionário resultante, composto de 262 itens, leva em conta diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida e questões de gênero. A diretriz de observação intradomiciliar (77 itens) é aplicada pelo entrevistador. Os instrumentos abordam (i) características da situação atual da moradia que são conhecidas por afetar a saúde e serão intervencionadas pelo programa; (ii) dimensões da saúde potencialmente afetadas pela moradia e/ou pela intervenção dentro do prazo do estudo (4 anos); (iii) outras condições de saúde e relacionadas à saúde que são relevantes, mesmo que não sejam modificadas dentro do prazo do estudo; e (iv) dimensões sócioeconômicas, ocupacionais e demográficas relevantes. Os instrumentos projetados demonstraram ser uma ferramenta capaz de abordar a multidimensionalidade dos processos de transformação urbana em contextos de pobreza urbana na habitação formal. longitudinalmente moradiavizinhançasaúde vizinhança sócioterritorial. sócioterritorial sócio territorial. territorial sócio-territorial Regeneração Urbana Saúde, Saúde , Saúde) Chile principais 1 (1 medição 2 (2 especialistas 3 (3 préteste pré teste pré-teste 4 piloto resultante 26 gênero 77 (7 entrevistador i (i ii (ii eou ou ( anos anos) iii (iii relevantes iv (iv sócioeconômicas formal 7

This article describes the design and characteristics of a questionnaire and an intradomiciliary observation tool developed to assess the housing-neighborhood-health relationship both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the context of urban transformations carried out in populations of high socio-territorial vulnerability. The instruments were developed for the multi-method longitudinal study RUCAS (Urban Regeneration, Quality of Life and Health), a natural experiment aiming to assess the quality of life and health impact of a comprehensive Urban Regeneration Program in two social housing complexes in Chile. The design of the instruments followed four main stages: (1) narrative review of the literature to define the dimensions of the study, and of existing measurement instruments to identify appropriate items for measuring them; (2) content validation with experts; (3) pre-test; and (4) pilot study. The resulting questionnaire, composed of 262 items, considers the different stages of the life course and gender issues. The intradomiciliary observation tool (77 items) is applied by the interviewer. The instruments assess (i) characteristics of the current residential situation that are known to affect health and will be intervened by the program; (ii) dimensions of health potentially affected by the residential situation and/or by the intervention within the time frame of the study (4 years); (iii) other health and health-related conditions that are relevant, even if changes will not be modified within the time frame of the study; and (iv) relevant socioeconomic, occupational and demographic dimensions. The instruments have shown to be capable of addressing the multidimensionality of urban transformation processes in contexts of urban poverty in formal housing. housingneighborhoodhealth neighborhood crosssectionally cross sectionally socioterritorial socio territorial vulnerability multimethod multi method Health, Health , Health) Chile 1 (1 them 2 (2 experts 3 (3 pretest pre test pre-test 4 26 issues 77 (7 interviewer i (i program ii (ii andor or ( years years) iii (iii healthrelated related iv (iv socioeconomic 7

Este artículo describe el proceso de diseño y las características de un cuestionario y una pauta de observación intradomiciliaria desarrollados para evaluar tanto transversal como longitudinalmente la relación vivienda-barrio-salud en el marco de transformaciones urbanas llevadas a cabo en poblaciones de elevada vulnerabilidad socio-territorial. Los instrumentos se desarrollaron para el estudio longitudinal multimétodos RUCAS (Regeneración Urbana, Calidad de Vida y Salud), un experimento natural cuyo objetivo principal es evaluar el impacto en salud y calidad de vida de un programa de Regeneración de Conjuntos Habitacionales en dos conjuntos de vivienda social en Chile. El diseño de los instrumentos siguió cuatro etapas principales: (1) revisión narrativa de la literatura para definir las dimensiones del estudio, y de instrumentos existentes para identificar ítems apropiados para su medición; (2) validación de contenido con expertos; (3) pre-test; y (4) estudio piloto. El cuestionario resultante, compuesto de 262 ítems, tiene en cuenta las distintas etapas del ciclo vital y cuestiones de género. La pauta de observación intradomiciliaria (77 ítems) es aplicada por el/la encuestadora. Los instrumentos abordan (i) características de la situación residencial actual que sabidamente afectan la salud y serán intervenidas por el programa; (ii) dimensiones de la salud potencialmente afectadas por la situación residencial y/o por la intervención dentro de los plazos del estudio (4 años); (iii) otras condiciones de salud y relacionadas con la salud que sean relevantes, aun cuando no se verán modificadas dentro de los plazos del estudio, y (iv) dimensiones socioeconómicas, ocupacionales y demográficas relevantes. Los instrumentos han mostrado ser una herramienta capaz de abordar la multidimensionalidad de los procesos de transformación urbana en contextos de pobreza urbana en vivienda formal. viviendabarriosalud barrio socioterritorial. socioterritorial socio territorial. territorial socio-territorial Urbana Salud, Salud , Salud) Chile principales 1 (1 medición 2 (2 expertos 3 (3 pretest pre test pre-test 4 piloto resultante 26 género 77 (7 ella encuestadora i (i ii (ii yo o ( años años) iii (iii relevantes iv (iv socioeconómicas formal 7

Abstract The article presents a critical reading of the third wave of studies on clientelism in Latin America produced in Political Science since the 2000s. Through a dialogue with the most influential authors and works on the issue, the objective is to show that despite significant advances, this literature still faces difficulties in defining clientelism. The central argument is that these difficulties are due to the adoption of universal and rigid assumptions about politicians’ and voters’ behavior and the strong normative tone of the analyses, almost always grounded on premises of how democracy should work and how clientelism displaces this ideal. To demonstrate this argument, the concept of clientelism was broken down into four central aspects: the object of the exchanges, the participants, the method used, and the temporality. The analysis of these dimensions is articulated with the literature on concept formation, especially the criteria of differentiation, depth, internal coherence, and theoretical utility. The article concludes by proposing ways to overcome the highlighted problems, among them the re-evaluation of the premises that inform the analysis, the valorization of description, and the investment in multi-method research designs. 2000s s issue advances politicians voters analyses ideal aspects exchanges participants used temporality formation differentiation depth coherence utility problems reevaluation re evaluation description multimethod multi designs

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma leitura crítica da terceira onda de estudos sobre clientelismo na América Latina produzidos na Ciência Política a partir dos anos 2000. Por meio de um diálogo com os autores e trabalhos mais influentes, o objetivo é mostrar que apesar de importantes avanços, esta literatura ainda enfrenta dificuldades no que se refere à definição do clientelismo. O argumento central é o de que essas dificuldades se devem à adoção de suposições universais e rígidas sobre o comportamento de políticos e eleitores e ao forte tom normativo das análises, quase sempre baseadas em premissas sobre como a democracia deve funcionar e sobre como o clientelismo distorce esse ideal. Para demonstrar o argumento, o conceito de clientelismo foi desagregado em quatro aspectos centrais: o objeto das trocas, os participantes, o método utilizado e a temporalidade. A análise dessas dimensões é articulada com a literatura sobre formação de conceitos, especialmente com os critérios de diferenciação, profundidade, coerência interna e utilidade teórica. O artigo conclui propondo caminhos para a superação dos problemas apontados, entre eles, a reavaliação das premissas que informam as análises, a valorização da descrição e o investimento em desenhos de pesquisa multimétodos. 2000 influentes avanços análises ideal centrais trocas participantes temporalidade conceitos diferenciação profundidade teórica apontados eles multimétodos 200 20 2