Resumen Se presenta un estado del arte sobre motivación laboral en el sector cooperativo, con foco en las cooperativas de trabajo, a partir de la revisión sistemática descriptiva de literatura académica entre los años 2012 y 2022. Se constata poca acumulación teórica, con el desempeño laboral como foco de estudio y el interés en la motivación laboral en tanto su relación con este. Las investigaciones son mayormente cuantitativas y provenientes de Asia, con escasa referencia a las teorías de motivación laboral y al cooperativismo, sin contemplar el diferencial cooperativo en los análisis de resultados, centradas mayoritariamente en los empleados de cooperativas de usuarios. Los escasos trabajos que hacen foco en las y los cooperativistas provienen de Latinoamérica y presentan factores motivacionales para estos trabajadores. Se evidencia la necesidad de investigar, desde la administración, sobre las cooperativas de trabajo, donde la particularidad de la gestión colectiva se visualiza más fuertemente.

Abstract A state-of-the-art on work motivation in the cooperative sector is presented, focused on work cooperatives, and based on a descriptive systematic review of academic literature between 2012 and 2022. There is little theoretical accumulation, with work performance as the focus of study and the interest in work motivation in terms of its relationship with it. The research is mostly quantitative and from Asia, with little reference to work motivation theories and cooperation, without considering the cooperative differential in the analysis of results, mostly focused on employees of user cooperatives. The few jobs that focus on cooperative members come from Latin America and present motivational factors for these workers. It is evident the need to investigate from an administration perspective, on cooperatives of works, where the particularity of the collective management is visualized more strongly.

With its unique position, primary health care (PHC) can provide health promotion and prevention services, including lifestyle behavioural counselling. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours are very prevalent among patients attending PHC, with many patients unwilling to change or in the precontemplation stage. While patients in the contemplation stage are better managed using the 5As approach of motivational interviewing counselling, those unwilling or not ready for change necessitate a different approach, such as the 5Rs of motivational interviewing (MI) counselling. The 5Rs MI approach holds promise in motivating unwilling individuals to consider embarking on the journey of behavioural change. The 5Rs approach is not a stand-alone checklist of tasks implemented in isolation but is best integrated within a theoretical behavioural change framework. Of the four health-related behavioural change theoretical frameworks that are frequently used, the transtheoretical stages of the change model are the most used. This continued professional development article provides a summary review of the literature on behavioural change theories as they apply to lifestyle health behaviour change and presents the 5Rs approach as a feasible and practical approach to manage patients who are unwilling to change or in the precontemplation stage. This offers a beacon of hope for improved patient outcomes in a PHC system saddled with high prevalence of modifiable unhealthy lifestyle behaviours.

RESUMO Uma ideia muito influente sobre a natureza das razões normativas é a de que a existência de razões normativas depende da capacidade motivacional dos agentes para os quais elas são razões: existem razões para uma agente agir somente se ela tem capacidade de ser movida a agir por essas razões. Muitas teorias das razões desenvolvidas recentemente implicam pelo menos alguma versão dessa ideia, e muitos a consideram atrativa visto que ela incorpora algumas assunções amplamente difundidas acerca da função das razões. Neste artigo, eu argumento que essa ideia, compreendida em quaisquer das suas leituras proeminentes, é ao fim e ao cabo falsa. Primeiro, eu endosso a tese de que há pelo menos um caso que mostra a possibilidade das denominadas ‘razões elusivas’, isto é, grosso modo, razões cuja existência depende da ignorância do agente acerca dos fatos que as constituem. E então, eu argumento que todas as importantes objeções recentemente elaboradas contra a possibilidade de razões elusivas ao fim e ao cabo fracassam. O resultado é que nós não devemos buscar explicar a natureza das razões normativas em termos de capacidades motivacionais dos agentes para os quais elas são razões. artigo proeminentes falsa Primeiro elusivas, , elusivas’ modo constituem então fracassam

ABSTRACT A very influential idea on the nature of normative reasons is that the existence of normative reasons for action depends on the motivational capacity of the agents whose reasons they are: there are reasons for an agent to act only if she has the capacity to be moved to act for those reasons. Many theories of reasons developed in recent years imply at least some version of that idea, and many find it attractive since it incorporates some widespread assumptions about the role of reasons. In this paper, I argue that that idea, understood in any of its prominent readings, is ultimately false. First, I endorse the claim that there is at least one case that shows the possibility of the so-called ‘elusive reasons’, that is, roughly, reasons whose existence depends on the agent’s ignorance of the facts that constitute them. Then, I argue that all the crucial objections recently elaborated to the possibility of elusive reasons ultimately fail. The upshot is that we should not aim to explain the nature of normative reasons in terms of motivational capacities of the agents whose reasons they are. paper readings false First socalled so called reasons, , reasons’ roughly s them Then fail

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las producciones científicas sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones que utilizan la entrevista motivacional para la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos Revisión sistemática realizada en cuatro bases de datos, MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, y en una biblioteca electrónica, SciELO, sin restricción de idioma, fecha, ni tamaño de la muestra. La recopilación de archivos fue realizada en septiembre de 2021, con los descriptores Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome y Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Se incluyeron artículos tipo ensayo clínico aleatorizado, con muestreo de personas con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana mayores de 18 años; y se excluyeron estudios que incluían niños, adolescentes y mujeres embarazadas. Se seleccionaron diez artículos y se analizó el rigor y características de cada estudio. Resultados La entrevista motivacional se realizó presencialmente y estuvo relacionada con llamadas telefónicas, visitas domiciliares, cintas de audio, suplementos informativos, asesoramiento, teorías cognitivas conductuales y cognitivas sociales. Los estudios incluidos en esta revisión evidenciaron que las intervenciones que utilizan la entrevista motivacional aumentaron la adhesión a los antirretrovirales de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Conclusión El estudio ayudó a identificar los datos existentes sobre la eficacia de intervenciones con entrevistas motivacionales, con énfasis en la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, se visibilizaron los puntos en los que es necesario profundizar y se mostró la importancia de esta estrategia, que puede ser utilizada por enfermeros y demás profesionales de la salud, para el bienestar de los pacientes. MEDLINE CINAHL IBECS LILACS electrónica SciELO idioma fecha muestra 2021 Interviewing HIV Therapy Active aleatorizado 1 años niños embarazadas telefónicas domiciliares audio informativos asesoramiento sociales motivacionales estrategia salud pacientes 202 20 2

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as produções científicas acerca da eficácia de intervenções utilizando a entrevista motivacional para adesão à terapia antirretroviral por pessoas com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Métodos Revisão sistemática realizada em quatro bases de dados, o MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, e em uma biblioteca eletrônica, a SciELO, sem restrição de idioma, data e tamanho amostral. O levantamento de artigos foi realizado em setembro de 2021, utilizando-se os descritores Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome e Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Foram incluídos artigos do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, com amostra de pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana maiores de 18 anos, e excluídas pesquisas envolvendo crianças, adolescentes e gestantes. Dez artigos foram selecionados e analisados quanto ao rigor e características de cada estudo. Resultados A entrevista motivacional foi aplicada presencialmente e associada à chamada telefônica, visita domiciliar, fitas de áudio, encartes informativos, aconselhamento, teorias cognitivas-comportamentais e cognitivas-sociais. Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão evidenciaram que as intervenções utilizando a entrevista motivacional aumentaram a adesão aos antirretrovirais por pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Conclusão O estudo contribuiu para identificar os dados existentes sobre a eficácia de intervenções com a entrevista motivacional, com foco na adesão à terapia antirretroviral por pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana, tornando visíveis os pontos que precisam ser aprofundados e mostrando a importância desta estratégia, que pode ser utilizada pelos enfermeiros e demais profissionais de saúde, visando o bem-estar dos pacientes. International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews: CRD42019123724 MEDLINE CINAHL IBECS LILACS eletrônica SciELO idioma amostral 2021 utilizandose se Interviewing HIV Therapy Active randomizado 1 anos crianças gestantes telefônica domiciliar áudio informativos aconselhamento cognitivascomportamentais cognitivas comportamentais cognitivassociais. cognitivassociais sociais. sociais cognitivas-sociais estratégia saúde bemestar bem estar pacientes Reviews CRD CRD4201912372 202 CRD420191237 20 CRD42019123 2 CRD4201912 CRD420191 CRD42019 CRD4201 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract Objective To analyze scientific productions about the effectiveness of interventions using motivational interviewing for adherence to antiretroviral therapy by people with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods This is a systematic review carried out in four databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, and in an electronic library, SciELO, without language, date and sample size restrictions. The survey of articles was carried out in September 2021, using the descriptors Motivational Interviewing, HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active. Randomized clinical trial articles were included, with a sample of people with human immunodeficiency virus over 18 years old, and research involving children, adolescents and pregnant women was excluded. Ten articles were selected and analyzed regarding the rigor and characteristics of each study. Results Motivational interviewing was applied in person and associated with a telephone call, home visit, audio tapes, informational inserts, counseling, cognitive-behavioral and cognitive-social theories. The studies included in this review showed that interventions using motivational interviewing increased adherence to antiretrovirals by people with human immunodeficiency virus. Conclusion The study contributed to identify existing data on the effectiveness of interventions with motivational interviewing, focusing on adherence to antiretroviral therapy by people with human immunodeficiency virus, making visible the points that need to be deepened and showing the importance of this strategy, which can be used by nurses and other health professionals, aiming at patients’ well-being.International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews: CRD42019123724 databases MEDLINE CINAHL IBECS LILACS library SciELO language restrictions 2021 Interviewing HIV Therapy Active 1 old children excluded call visit tapes inserts counseling cognitivebehavioral cognitive behavioral cognitivesocial social theories strategy professionals patients wellbeing.International wellbeingInternational well being.International being International Reviews CRD CRD4201912372 202 wellbeing beingInternational CRD420191237 20 CRD42019123 2 CRD4201912 CRD420191 CRD42019 CRD4201 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract: The lack of consensus around infidelity associated with multiple motivational theories and new emerging categories have made the term increasingly complex. The initial trends have been disrupted with the incursion of AI raising questions about the implications they will have on Law to the extent that its use is emerging as an alternative way or perhaps a complement to establish and maintain a certain kind of emotional and physical interaction, while facing a scenario where there is still no consensus on the changing nature of human sexual and intimate behavior to the various options and capabilities offered by technology

Resumen: La falta de consenso en torno a la infidelidad, asociada a las múltiples teorías motivacionales y a las nuevas categorías, ha complejizado cada vez más la definición de este concepto. Las tendencias iniciales se han visto trastocadas con la incursión de la inteligencia artificial, generando cuestionamientos sobre las implicancias que su uso podría tener para el derecho en la medida que se perfila como una forma alternativa, o complementaria, para establecer y mantener interacciones emocionales o físicas. Todo esto, al mismo tiempo que enfrentamos un escenario en que no existe consenso sobre la naturaleza cambiante del comportamiento sexual e íntimo ante las diversas opciones que ofrece la tecnología.

Abstract The following research is based on one of the most influential theories in the field of motivation in second language acquisition, the L2 Motivational Self System (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009b). Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to fulfil the following objectives: (1) to analyze the role of study abroad in the development of the Ideal L2 Self of Spanish/L2 students and (2) to examine the factors that interact with motivation throughout the learning process of this language. It is a study that uses a mixed methodology with adult university students of diverse geographical contexts (n=93), Spanish learners in Centro Superior de Idiomas, located in the University of Alicante. The data was obtained by means of a questionnaire with a Likert scale (28 items) and two multimodal narratives. The results place the study abroad experience as a relevant factor that boosts in the students the development of future self-images as learners/speakers of the language, as well as the interaction of various factors that modify students’ motivation. Furthermore, this system has proven to be effective in the analyzed context and, in turn, act as a future self-guide of learners’ motivation over time.

Resumen El presente estudio se fundamenta teóricamente en uno de los modelos con mayor influencia en las investigaciones sobre motivación en segundas lenguas, el L2 Motivational Self System (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009b). Así, perseguimos los siguientes objetivos: (1) analizar el papel de la estancia de inmersión en el desarrollo del Ideal L2 Self de los aprendices de español/L2 y (2) examinar los factores que interactúan con la motivación a lo largo del aprendizaje de esta lengua. Se trata de un estudio mixto con alumnado universitario adulto de diversos contextos geográficos (n=93), aprendientes de español en el Centro Superior de Idiomas de la Universidad de Alicante. Los datos se han obtenido mediante un cuestionario con una escala tipo Likert (28 ítems) y dos narrativas multimodales. Los resultados revelan una alta importancia de la estancia en inmersión en los estudiantes de español/L2 impulsando, en ellos, el desarrollo de imágenes futuras de sí mismos como aprendices/hablantes de la lengua, así como la interacción de diversos factores que intervienen en su motivación. Asimismo, este sistema ha probado ser eficaz en el contexto investigando y actuar de auto guía futura de la motivación de los aprendices a lo largo del tiempo.

Este artigo apresenta um design instrucional para o desenvolvimento, aplicação, avaliação e redesign de sequências de ensino e aprendizagem e ambientes de aprendizagem baseado na estratégia da gamificação. Ao contrário da metodologia de Aprendizagem baseada em Games (ABG) que consiste no uso de games de entretenimento e/ou educacionais como prática didática, a gamificação usa o design de games, o game-thinking e a mecânica dos games, mas não visa ao desenvolvimento de games. A gamificação na educação utiliza princípios e elementos do game para motivar e engajar os alunos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, teorias motivacionais constituem um importante ingrediente na construção de um sistema gamificado. É feito um breve recorte da ABG, abordando games de ciências que são usados na sala de aula. Ideias centrais da gamificação e alguns modelos motivacionais que contribuem para o engajamento sustentado são discutidas. Baseado nesse referencial, um design instrucional é proposto na linha da Design-based Research (DBR). Exemplos de aplicação da gamificação no ambiente de sala de aula de multijogadores são apresentados.

This article presents an instructional design for the development, application, evaluation, and redesign of teaching and learning sequences and learning environments based on gamification strategies. Unlike the Game Based Learning (GBL) methodology, which consists of the use of entertainment and/or educational games as a didactic practice, gamification uses game design, game-thinking, and game mechanics, but does not aim at game development. Gamification in education uses all the game’s design principles and game elements to motivate and engage students in the teaching and learning process. In this sense, motivational theories constitute an important ingredient in the construction of a gamified system. A brief excerpt from ABG is made, covering science games that are used in the classroom. Central ideas of gamification and some motivational models that contribute to sustained engagement are discussed. Within this approach, an instructional design is proposed along at the spirit of the Design-Based Research (DBR). Examples of application of gamification in the multiplayer classroom environment are presented.

Resumo A formação continuada de professores é tema recorrente na literatura. Todavia, estudos que visam analisar o professor, sua motivação e aprendizagem como estudante são escassos. Este artigo reporta resultados de um programa autorreflexivo de intervenção para professores sobre motivação para aprender, realizado em dupla vertente: o professor como estudante e como docente. Participaram do estudo 27 professores do ensino fundamental, divididos em dois grupos: experimental e controle. Os dados foram obtidos por instrumentos qualitativos e autorreflexivos. Constatou-se que a intervenção aumentou a autoconsciência dos professores não só sobre sua motivação e aprendizagem, mas também sobre suas práticas pedagógicas, além de ampliar seus conhecimentos acerca das teorias motivacionais.

Abstract Continuing teacher education is a frequent theme in the literature. However, studies aimed to analyze teachers, their motivation and learning as a student are scarce. This article reports results of a self-reflective intervention program for teachers, on motivation to learn, conducted in a dual focus: the teacher as a student and as a teacher. The sample consisted of twenty-seven elementary school teachers divided into two groups: experimental and control. The data were collected by qualitative and self-reflective instruments. The intervention increased teachers’ self-awareness not only about their motivation and learning, but also about their pedagogical practices, besides expanding their knowledge about motivational theories.

Resumen La motivación es uno de los factores más importantes en el disfrute y el éxito del aprendizaje de cualquier tema, especialmente de un idioma extranjero. Muchos estudiantes se acercan al aprendizaje de un idioma a partir de mandatos académicos, imposiciones familiares, requisitos de trabajo, etc. Estas motivaciones no intrínsecas hacen que el aprendizaje sea una experiencia más difícil, frustrante y no placentera, tanto para los estudiantes como para los maestros. Por lo tanto, las habilidades para motivar a los alumnos deben considerarse centrales para la eficacia de la enseñanza. En este artículo, proporcionamos una serie de estrategias para que los maestros guíen gradualmente a los estudiantes desde una motivación extrínseca a una motivación más interna y autónoma. Este enfoque se enmarca en una de las teorías de motivación más recientes y conocidas: la teoría de la autodeterminación.

Abstract Motivation is one of the most important factors in the enjoyment and success in learning any subject, especially a foreign language. Many students approach the learning of a language based on academic mandates, family impositions, job requirements, and so on. These non-intrinsic motivations make learning a more difficult, frustrating, and non-pleasurable experience, both for students and teachers. Therefore, skills in motivating learners should be seen as central to teaching effectively. In this article, we provide a series of strategies for teachers to gradually lead students from an extrinsic motivation to a more internal and autonomous motivation. This approach is framed within one of the most recent and well-known theories of motivation: self-determination theory.

ABSTRACT In today's world, organizations must have as a priority to keep human talent motivated, considered to be the most important capital for their contribution in providing development and productivity. In this way, the present work has as main objective to analyze the motivation and the labor performance of the workers of the Municipal GAD of the Salinas canton; regarding the methodology, it is a probabilistic study that used a mixed approach and with a descriptive research scope, which allowed to gather information and obtain as main results having 25% of unsatisfied workers in regards to physiological needs, as well as 35% dissatisfied with regard to the need for power and 35% dissatisfied with organizational equity; and finally establish motivational recommendations that improve work performance, thus achieving personal and organizational development.

RESUMEN En el mundo actual las organizaciones deben tener como prioridad mantener al talento humano motivado, considerado que es el capital más importante por su aporte al brindar desarrollo y productividad. De esta manera, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el analizar la motivación y el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores del GAD Municipal del cantón Salinas; en cuanto a la metodología es un estudio probabilístico que utilizó un enfoque mixto y con un alcance de investigación descriptiva, la misma que permitió recopilar información y obtener como principales resultados el tener un 25% de trabajadores insatisfechos en lo que respecta a las necesidades fisiológicas, así como un 35% insatisfechos en lo que respecta a la necesidad de poder y un 35% insatisfechos con la equidad organizacional; y finalmente establecer recomendaciones de motivación que permitan mejorar el desempeño laboral, logrando así el desarrollo personal y organizacional.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze how the cooperative traits of human beings (homo reciprocans) allow the design, implementation and sustainability of society’s institutions. To this end, it undertakes a theoretical journey through the motivations that determine decision-making in humans. After that, a series of empirical works are reviewed which corroborate the affirmation that motivational monism does not suffice to explain the complex processes of human decision-making. We thus turn to the analysis of certain theoretical postulates which argue that human actions derive from multiple motivations and vary widely in their degree of intensity, influenced as they are by context, experience and interaction. This review covers the theories of institutional design, rational choice, complexity, and cooperation, which show that humans are strongly motivated by strong reciprocity (i.e., cooperation with those who cooperate with us) and negative reciprocity (altruistic punishment of opportunists), but averse to inequality. These aspects of behavior can be seen as the mechanisms that enable human cooperation. However, sustaining cooperation requires incentives; that is, sanctions and filters that guide individual behavior towards what is deemed socially acceptable. Hence, reciprocity, added to sanctions and filters, generates the bases of what is called social capital.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo los rasgos cooperativos de los seres humanos (homo reciprocans) permiten el diseño, implementación y sostenibilidad de las instituciones en la sociedad. Para tal efecto se hace un recorrido teórico de las motivaciones que determinan la toma de decisiones en los individuos humanos. Posteriormente, se revisan los trabajos empíricos que corroboran que el monismo motivacional no es suficiente para explicar el complejo proceso de las decisiones humanas. Se recurre al análisis de algunos postulados teóricos los cuales sostienen que las acciones humanas derivan de motivaciones múltiples y ampliamente variables en su grado de intensidad, derivados del contexto, la experiencia y que interactúan entre sí. Dicho recorrido teórico incluye las teorías del diseño institucional, la elección racional, la complejidad y la cooperación; las cuales muestran que los humanos están fuertemente motivados por la aversión a la inequidad, la reciprocidad fuerte (cooperación con quien coopera con nosotros) y la reciprocidad negativa (castigo altruista a los oportunistas). Estos aspectos de la conducta pueden considerarse como el mecanismo que hace posible la cooperación humana. Sin embargo, para sostener la cooperación se requiere de incentivos como las sanciones y los filtros que guían la conducta individual hacia aquellas socialmente aceptables. De esta forma, la reciprocidad sumada a las sanciones y los filtros generan las bases de lo que se llama el capital social.

In recent years crowdsensing has become a hot topic amongst researchers. Crowdsensing can incentivise and empower citizens to use their mobile phones to collect and share sensed data from their surrounding environments. The purpose of this paper is to report on the application of the incentive theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a lens from which to investigate the non-monetary incentives and participation profiles (intentions and motivations) of citizens from around the world, who could participate in a crowdsensing project for water resource monitoring (WRM). The conceptual framework was used in a survey of citizens. The findings revealed that TPB can be successfully used for predicting behavioural intentions and classified several types of motivational factors for participation in crowdsensing projects for WRM. Guidelines for crowdsensing projects are provided that can improve the success rate of WRM projects.CATEGORIES: · Information systems ~ Collaborative and social computing systems and tools · Human-centred computing ~ Empirical studies in ubiquitous and mobile computing

Abstract Motivation is a basic element of the 'Happiness Management' model at work. Its components are analyzed in the digital era under the Herzberg Theory of the motivational and hygienic factors, to verify if an association between worker sociodemographic profile and these factors is detected, which would allow the managers to «sanitize» them. In a group of companies in Algeciras Bay, province of Cádiz (Spain), in the Strait of Gibraltar, a survey has been done. This area is of special strategic relevance, being the main transit route for people and merchandise worldwide, and a meeting point for two continents, two seas and two cultures. By a validated questionnaire, the opinions of workers are collected about the issues that have been established as motivating and demotivating factors (fears). Refined data are treated with SPSS.25 program. It is confirmed that the motivational factors are highly valued. Falsity of the data, fear of being substituted at job, and depersonalization because automation are the most feared topics. An association of worker sociodemographic variables and the level to which some of these fears are manifested is found out. The main originality of this paper lies in the contribution and analysis of new factors, motivational and hygienic, of digital age in workplace, which must be managed.

Resumen Considerando la motivación como integrante básico de la gestión de la felicidad en el trabajo, se analiza la valoración de determinados componentes de la misma en la era digital a partir del concepto de factor motivacional e higiénico de Herzberg. Se comprobará si existe alguna asociación entre el perfil sociodemográfico del trabajador y ciertos factores a «higienizar». Se realiza un cuestionario en muestra de empresas de la bahía de Algeciras, en la provincia de Cádiz (España), en el estrecho de Gibraltar, zona ésta que resulta de especial relevancia estratégica al ser ruta de tránsito mundial principal de personas y de mercancías, y punto de encuentro de dos continentes, dos mares y dos culturas. Mediante cuestionario validado, se recogen las opiniones de trabajadores sobre los factores establecidos como motivadores y desmotivadores (temores). Los datos, depurados, son tratados con el programa SPSS.25. Se confirma que los factores motivacionales propuestos son altamente valorados. La falsedad de datos, el miedo a ser sustituidos en las tareas y la «despersonalización» del trabajo son las cuestiones más temidas, cuya ausencia hay que procurar. Se percibe también, asociación de determinadas variables sociodemográficas del trabajador con el grado en que se manifiestan alguno de esos temores. La originalidad principal de este trabajo estriba en que se aportan y analizan factores motivacionales e higiénicos de nueva aparición en lo laboral, que, como tales, habrán de ser gestionados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: evaluation as a component of the teaching-learning process has been of interest in all pedagogical approaches, outstanding itself in the roots of the teaching-learning process, and as part of Didactics as a science along with the theories of program of study, as it is a necessary component for its design, implementation and control. Objective: to establish the dimensions and indicators for the evaluation of the didactic competence of professors in the implementation of the program of study in the pedagogical campus at Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca University and Pinar del Río University of Medical Sciences, Pinar del Río province. Development: the professor achieves a quality of performance when the professional competencies are integrated, within which the didactic competences are highlighted as an integration center, bifurcating the support and concurrence relationships as well, allowing the dynamics and the role of them. The insufficiencies concerning the guidance of the processes, which were identified from the observation of the curricular activities, interviews and documentary analysis, concerning the implementation of the program of study, revealed as one of the causes that limit the objectivity in the assessment of professor’s performance, a characteristic demanding the establishment of dimensions and indicators that allow an objective and dynamic assessment of the didactic competence of professors for the implementation of the program of study. Conclusions: taking into account the cognitive-affective and motivational unit from the education at work, which integrates the training components, and involves the pedagogical campus of both universities in Pinar del Río province. Its implementation allowed directing of a more efficient process.

RESUMEN Introducción: la evaluación como componente del proceso educativo ha sido de interés en todos los enfoques pedagógicos, se manifiesta en las propias raíces de la educación y como parte de la Didáctica como ciencia y las teorías curriculares, al ser un componente necesario tanto en su diseño, ejecución y control. Objetivo: establecer dimensiones e indicadores para la evaluación de la competencia didáctica del docente en la implementación del currículo en el campus pedagógico en la Universidad Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca y la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, en la provincia Pinar del Río. Desarrollo: el docente alcanza un desempeño de calidad cuando logra integrar las competencias profesionales, donde se destaca la competencia didáctica como centro integrador, a partir de las cuales se bifurcan relaciones de cooperación y yuxtaposición que permiten la dinámica y funcionamiento de las mismas. Las insuficiencias en la dirección de los procesos, detectadas a partir de la observación a actividades curriculares, entrevistas y análisis documental, en cuanto a la implementación del currículo, reveló como una de las causas, poca objetividad en la evaluación del desempeño del docente, aspecto que demanda establecer dimensiones e indicadores que permitan una evaluación objetiva y dinámica de la competencia didáctica del docente en la implementación del currículo. Conclusiones: al tener en cuenta la unidad cognitivo-afectivo y motivacional desde la educación en el trabajo, que integra los componentes de la formación, en el que se involucra el campus pedagógico de ambas Universidades en Pinar del Río y su implementación, permitió direccionar un proceso más eficiente.

Motivation, which refers to students' reasons for acting, has been well explored in language learning. However, studies on motivation in language learning in many countries have been predominantly inspired by theories of motivation in learning English developed in western countries. The current study serves to: i) identify the motivational orientations of EFL university students in Indonesia; and ii) to investigate whether the west-inspired theories of motivation are still relevant to the Indonesian EFL students. The subjects of the current study were 886 university students. With alphas .70, .53, and .77 for three motivational orientations, the data were then analysed by running Exploratory Factor Analysis with the varimax rotation. The results showed the existence of three reasonable motivational orientations of the EFL students in Indonesia and they are labelled as extrinsic, international and intrinsic orientation.