Abstract Introduction: The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), is one of the most economically important pests of mangoes in Mexico and the Neotropics. Objective: To analyze adult population patterns of A. obliqua and their relation to local and landscape factors. Methods: We selected 11 “Manila” mango orchards along the middle part of La Antigua River, which were characterized to determine their biophysical structure and landscape configuration considering their distance to six different land uses/land covers. Anastrepha obliqua population was estimated by collecting adult flies in colorless polyethylene plastic bottle traps baited with a protein for three weeks in June 2022. Results: A total of 1 869 adults of A. obliqua were trapped, of which 75 % were females and 25 % were males. Abundance varied from 68 to 490 adult flies per orchard, while capture frequency from 0.36 to 1.8 flies/trap/day. Abundance increased in highly shaded orchards, and capture frequency decreased in orchards with highly soil compaction. Abundance and the frequency of capture increased in orchards near isolated trees of Spondias spp. and decreased in orchards near sugarcane plantations. Shade management in mango orchards may be used as an effective strategy to promote biotic interactions to naturally regulate A. obliqua populations, meanwhile, soil compaction represents a limiting ecological condition, which might severely impact fruit fly larvae survival. Conclusions: Adult population of A. obliqua depends on several local and landscape factors because they indicate resource availability and ecological conditions. These findings could be considered for control strategies in the integrated management of this pest to promote protection and improve the fruit quality of mango crop.

Resumen Introducción: La mosca de las indias occidentales, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), es una de las plagas más importantes económicamente en el cultivo de mango de México y el neotrópico. Objetivo: Analizamos los patrones de la población adulta de A. obliqua y su relación con factores locales y del paisaje. Métodos: Un total de 11 huertos de mango “Manila” fueron caracterizados en estructura biofísica y configuración del paisaje. Los adultos de A. obliqua fueron capturados con trampas (botellas de polietileno cebadas con una proteína) durante tres semanas en junio de 2022. Resultados: Se capturaron 1 869 adultos de A. obliqua, de los cuales 75 % fueron hembras y 25 % machos. La abundancia varió de 68 a 490 moscas adultas por huerto, mientras que la frecuencia de captura de 0.36 a 1.8 moscas/trampa/día. La abundancia incrementó en huertos altamente sombreados y decreció en huertos con suelos compactos. La abundancia y frecuencia incrementaron en huertos cercanos a árboles de Spondias spp. y decreció en huertos cercanos a plantaciones de caña de azúcar. El manejo de la sombra puede ser utilizado como una estrategia efectiva para promover las interacciones que regulan naturalmente la población de A. obliqua, mientras que la compactación del suelo representa una condición ecológica limitante que podría impactar severamente en la supervivencia de larvas de moscas de la fruta. Conclusión: La población adulta de A. obliqua depende de varios factores locales y del paisaje que indican disponibilidad de recursos y condiciones ecológicas. Estos hallazgos podrían considerarse en las estrategias del manejo integrado de esta plaga para promover la protección y el mejoramiento de la calidad de frutos en el cultivo de mango.

ABSTRACT Colombia is the ninth largest producer of dragon fruit in the world and the department of Boyacá is the largest with 440 hectares planted. Bacterial phytopathogens can cause pitahaya fruit losses and low yields by producing stem soft rot. This research aimed to study and identified possible agents of bacterial diseases of pitahaya in Boyacá, Colombia. Thirteen farms in the region were selected to take 20 samples by means of a targeted and random sampling of stem and fruit tissues with soft rot symptoms in the early stages of the disease. A process of microbiological isolation, biochemical and molecular taxonomic identification of the isolated bacteria. The 16s rRNA gene sequences of the V2-V5 region were edited by removing the primers, assembling and obtaining the consensus sequence of the primers 1100R-337F and 800R -518F. The phylogenetic analysis was performed by BLAST at NCBI, using the "Classifier" and "SeqMatch" tools from the RDP website, and phylogenetic trees were created by multiple alignment using the MUSCLE algorithm and the Tamura Nei distance method was performed. Signs like blisters and mucilaginous fluids, symptoms like yellow and brown chlorotic spots, soft rot, and liquefaction were identified, and possible vectors like flies and ants were report. Twenty-five bacterial morphotypes were identified classifieds in 4 phyla, 9 families and 13 genera. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the bacterial strains showed a 98 to 100% identity with Enterobacter cloacae, Pectobacterium carotovora and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, reported in other studies as causing the soft rot of the pitahaya stem and fruit. New species were reported as possible pathogenic bacteria of pitahaya: Pantoea cypripedii, Kluyvera intermedia and Klebsiella oxytoca. Infectivity assays did not have positive results. The microbiota identified in the stages of the necrotrophic phase or final stage of soft rot of the stem belong to the genera Achromobacter, Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas and Microbacterium. In the fly Leptoglossus zonatus associated with the crop were identified Pseudomonas fulva and Lysinibacillus fusiformis were identified. This is also the first official report of a complex of possible phytopathogen bacteria of the order Enterobacterales (Enterobacteriacea, Erwiniaceae and Pectobacteriaceae family) in symptoms by bacterial disease on pitahaya Colombian crops. Identification of the bacteria in a pathogenic system can guide chemical and biological control practices in order to increase the productive and export potential of exotic and orphan crops from small local farmings.

RESUMEN Colombia es el noveno productor de pitahaya amarilla en el mundo y el Departamento de Boyacá es el mayor productor con 440 hectáreas plantadas. Los fitopatógenos bacterianos pueden causar pérdidas de frutos de pitahaya y bajos rendimientos al producir la pudrición blanda de los tallos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar e identificar posibles agentes de enfermedades bacterianas de la pitahaya en Boyacá, Colombia. Trece (13) fincas de la región fueron seleccionadas para la toma de 20 muestras mediante un muestreo dirigido y al azar de tejidos de tallo y frutos con síntomas de pudrición blanda en estadios iniciales de la enfermedad. Se realizó un proceso de aislamiento microbiológico, identificación bioquímica y taxonómica molecular de las bacterias aisladas. Las secuencias del gen ARNr 16s de la región V2-V5 fueron editadas mediante la eliminación de los primers, ensamblaje y obtención de la secuencia consenso de los primers 1100R-337F y 800R -518F. El análisis filogenético fue hecho por BLAST en el NCBI, por las herramientas "Classifier" y "SeqMatch", del sitio Web del RDP y se realizaron árboles filogenéticos mediante alineamiento múltiple usando el algoritmo MUSCLE y el método de distancias de Tamura Nei. Se registraron signos como ampollas y fluidos mucilaginosos, síntomas como manchas cloróticas amarillas y marrones, pudrición blanda y licuefacción, y se reportaron posibles vectores como moscas y hormigas. Veinticinco (25) morfotipos de bacterias fueron clasificados en 4 filos, 8 familias y 13 géneros. El análisis de las secuencias del gen ARNr 16S de las cepas bacterianas mostró una identidad del 98 al 100% con Enterobacter cloacae, Pectobacterium carotovora y Paenibacillus glucanolyticus, reportados en otros estudios como causantes de la pudrición blanda del tallo y fruto de pitahaya. Se reportaron nuevas especies como posibles bacterias patógenas de pitahaya: Pantoea cypripedii, Kluyvera intermedia y Klebsiella oxytoca. Los ensayos de infectividad no arrojaron resultados positivos. La microbiota identificada en los estadios de la fase necrotrofa o final de la pudrición blanda del tallo podría estar conformada por los géneros Achromobacter, Sphingobacterium, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas y Microbacterium. En la mosca Leptoglossus zonatus asociada al cultivo se identificó Pseudomonas fulva y Lysinibacillus fusiformis. Este es el primer registro oficial de un complejo de posibles bacterias fitopatógenas del orden Enterobacterales (familia Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae y Pectobacteriaceae) en síntomas por enfermedad bacteriana en cultivos colombianos de pitahaya. La identificación de las bacterias de un pato-sistema puede orientar las prácticas de control químico y biológico con el fin de incrementar el potencial productivo y de exportación de los cultivos exóticos y huérfanos de las pequeñas fincas locales.

Abstract Introduction The Dark Winged Fungus Gnat, Bradysia impatiens Johannsen, is a significant pest in modern forest nurseries in Mexico, as it causes plant mortality. However, studies on adult monitoring are scarce. Objectives Determine the most suitable trap for monitoring B. impatiens, characterize its population levels and identify associated organisms, including its natural enemies. Materials and methods The attraction effect of B. impatiens to two types of yellow sticky traps (circular and flag paper trap) and a colorless trap was evaluated. After selecting the best trap, the capture of B. impatiens and associated organisms was compared across four forest nurseries to determine the species' population levels. Capture data were analyzed using generalized linear models with negative binomial regression. Results and discussion Flag paper trap was the most efficient for capturing adults. Based on weekly captures, three population levels were subjectively rated: low (<30 adults), medium (30-60 adults), and high (>60 adults). Coenosia attenuata Stein was found as a natural enemy of the pest; however, the capture percentage was low (1.78 %), so the traps do not pose a threat to their populations. Kleidotoma sp., a possible parasitoid of the pest and C. attenuata, was also found. Conclusions An integrated pest management plan for B. impatiens is necessary, including flag paper trap and the predator C. attenuata as biological control in nurseries. C. attenuata, a predator of B. impatiens, is recorded for the first time in Tlaxcala.

Resumen Introducción El mosco fungoso negro Bradysia impatiens Johannsen es una plaga de importancia en los viveros forestales tecnificados de México, debido a que ocasiona mortalidad de la planta; sin embargo, los estudios sobre monitoreo de adultos son escasos. Objetivos Determinar la trampa más adecuada para el monitoreo de B. impatiens, caracterizar sus niveles poblacionales e identificar organismos asociados, entre ellos sus enemigos naturales. Materiales y métodos Se evaluó el efecto de atracción de B. impatiens a dos tipos de trampas pegajosas amarillas (circulares y bandera) y una incolora. Después de la selección de la mejor trampa, se comparó la captura de B. impatiens y organismos asociados en cuatro viveros forestales para determinar niveles poblacionales de la especie. Los datos de captura se analizaron con modelos lineales generalizados mediante regresión binomial negativa. Resultados y discusión La trampa bandera fue la más eficiente para la captura de adultos. Con base en la captura semanal, se calificaron subjetivamente tres niveles poblacionales: baja (<30 adultos), media (30-60 adultos) y alta (>60 adultos). Se encontró a Coenosia attenuata Stein como enemigo natural de la plaga; sin embargo, el porcentaje de captura fue bajo (1.78 %), por lo que las trampas no representan amenaza para sus poblaciones. También se encontró a Kleidotoma sp., posible parasitoide de la plaga y de C. attenuata. Conclusiones Es necesario un plan de manejo integrado de plagas para B. impatiens, que incluya la trampa bandera y el depredador C. attenuata como control biológico en viveros. La mosca C. attenuata, depredadora de B. impatiens, se registra por primera vez en Tlaxcala.

Abstract The biological control in sugarcane in Venezuela has been established as a unique measure, having optimal results of the use of parasitoids and entomopathogens for the control of borers of the genus Diatraea, and later of the candelilla Aeneolamia spp., both key pests of the crop. For borers it was achieved after systematic releases of the Amazonian fly Lydella minense from the middle of the last century and then with the establishment of the braconid wasp Cotesia flavipes from 1987. For the biological control of Aenolamia varia, pest that involved the frequent application of insecticides, after the introduction of the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae since 1977, has been established as an efficient measure for the control of its adults, however, the nymphs were less controlled. This aspect was resolved through the introduction of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in 2004, which has been widely used as a biological measure to avoid the application of insecticides. As an example, we have the Azucarera Río Turbio, although in the last harvests it has had a reduction in its areas due to different factors. During the last 58 years, Diatraea infestation shows a reduction of 15 to 3.18 %, which saves 170 552.62 metric tons with a value of US$ 49 196 045 and a cost of biological control of US$ 1 187 189 which translates into a benefit-cost of US$ 41.44. Before the establishment of biological control, Aeneolamia was controlled exclusively with chemical insecticides applied to foliage for adults and soil for nymphs. Simultaneously since then, the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae produced by national companies has been used and this entomopathogen was used on 87 000 hectares between 1986 and 1990. Also since 2004, the methodology of using entomopathogenic nematodes to control Aeneolamia nymphs began.

Resumen El control biológico en caña de azúcar en Venezuela se ha logrado establecer como una medida única, con resultados óptimos del uso de parasitoides y entomopatógenos para el control de los taladradores del género Diatraea, y, posteriormente, de la candelilla Aeneolamia spp., ambas plagas claves del cultivo. Para los taladradores, se logró después de liberaciones sistemáticas de la mosca amazónica Lydella minense desde un inicio, a mediados del siglo XX y luego con el establecimiento de la avispa bracónida Cotesia flavipes, a partir de 1987. Para el control biológico de Aeneolamia varia, plaga que implicaba la aplicación frecuente de insecticidas, después de la introducción del uso del hongo entomopatógeno Metarhizium anisopliae desde 1977, se ha establecido como medida eficiente para el control de sus adultos, aunque las ninfas eran menos controladas. Este aspecto se resolvió mediante la introducción del nematodo entomopatógeno Heterorhabditis bacteriophora en 2004, el cual se viene utilizando en forma general, y prácticamente ya se tienen las medidas biológicas para evitar la aplicación de insecticidas. Como ejemplo se tiene a la Azucarera Río Turbio, aunque en las últimas zafras ha tenido una reducción en sus áreas, por diferentes factores. Durante los últimos 58 años, la infestación de Diatraea muestra una reducción de 15 a 3.18 %, con lo cual se salvan 170 552.62 toneladas métricas (TM), con un valor de US$ 49 196 045 y un costo del control biológico de US$ 1 187 189 lo que se traduce en un beneficio-costo de US$ 41.44. Antes del establecimiento del control biológico, Aeneolamia se controlaba exclusivamente con insecticidas químicos, aplicados al follaje para los adultos y al suelo para las ninfas. Simultáneamente desde entonces, se ha utilizado el hongo M. anisopliae producido por empresas nacionales, hasta cubrir 87 000 ha, entre 1986 y 1990. También, desde 2004 se inició la utilización de nematodos entomopatógenos para el control de ninfas de Aeneolamia.

Abstract L-ascorbic acid is a natural antioxidant produced by plants and their fruits. The abundance of this acid during the development and postharvest ripening of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) depends on genetic and climatic factors. The mangoes undergo a quarantine hydrothermal treatment before being exported to control the fruit fly. A quarantine hydrothermal treatment consists of immersing mangoes in water at 46.1 °C (118 °F) for 60 to 120 min depending on the size, affecting the L-ascorbic acid content and other quality parameters of the fruit. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of QHT on L-ascorbic acid content, firmness, color, and expression of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling genes during mango postharvest. ‘Ataulfo’ mangoes were harvested at physiological ripeness in Escuinapa, Sinaloa in 2019, subjected to QHT (46.1 °C, 75 min), hydrocooled (25 °C, 30 min) and stored at 20 °C for nine days. Mangoes subjected to QHT showed a reduction in L-ascorbic acid content (p≤ 0.05). The firmness of the pulp behaved similarly in fruits with QHT and in control fruits, while the external color of the fruits with a quarantine hydrothermal treatment indicated an advanced ripening process compared to the control fruits (p≤ 0.05). The levels of MiGME1, MiGME2, MiGGP2, and MiMDHAR transcripts increased in response to treatment, suggesting activation of the synthesis and recycling pathway to counteract the abiotic stress caused by the heat to which the mangoes were subjected.

Resumen El ácido L-ascórbico, es un antioxidante natural producido por las plantas y sus frutos. La abundancia de este ácido durante el desarrollo y la maduración poscosecha del mango (Mangifera indica L.) depende de factores genéticos y climáticos. Los mangos se someten a un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario, antes de su exportación para control de la mosca de la fruta. El un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario, consiste en sumergir los mangos en agua a 46.1 °C (118 °F) durante 60 a 120 min dependiendo del tamaño, afectando el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico y otros parámetros de calidad del fruto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del THC en el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico, la firmeza, el color y la expresión de genes de biosíntesis y reciclaje de ácido L-ascórbico durante la postcosecha del mango. Los mangos ‘Ataulfo’ se cosecharon en madurez fisiológica en Escuinapa, Sinaloa en el año 2019, se sometieron a THC (46.1 °C, 75 min), hidroenfriado (25 °C, 30 min) y se almacenaron a 20 °C por nueve días. Los mangos sometidos al THC mostraron reducción en el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico (p≤ 0.05). La firmeza de la pulpa se comportó similar en frutos con THC y en frutos testigo, mientras que el color externo de los frutos con un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario e indicó un proceso de maduración adelantado respecto a los frutos testigo (p≤ 0.05). Los niveles de transcritos MiGME1, MiGME2, MiGGP2 y MiMDHAR aumentaron en respuesta al tratamiento, lo que sugiere la activación de la ruta de síntesis y reciclaje para contrarrestar el estrés abiótico ocasionado por el calor al que se sometieron los mangos.

Abstract: Increasing concerns over the environmental impact of chemical pesticides have prompted the exploration of alternative, and eco-friendly solutions for controlling insect pests. The use of entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) as a biological control agent is of paramount importance. We aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Metschnikoff) Sorokin on larval mortality and pupal formation, of sawfly larvae, a major pest of rose plants. Our study revealed a concentration-dependent effect ofM. anisopliaeon sawfly larvae. At 7 days after EPF exposure, the highest concentration (1 × 109conidia/ml) led to a mortality rate of 65.0% and at the 11th day, the larval mortality was reached up to 82.5%. The highest EPF concentration resulted in a minimal pupal formation (7.5%). This study demonstrates the potential ofM. anisopliaeas a valuable biological control agent against sawfly larvae infestations in rose plants.

Resumen: La creciente preocupación por el impacto ambiental de los pesticidas químicos ha impulsado la exploración de soluciones alternativas y ecológicas para controlar las plagas de insectos. El uso de hongos entomopatógenos (FPE) como agente de control biológico es de suma importancia. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones deMetarhizium anisopliae(Metschnikoff) Sorokin sobre la mortalidad larvaria y la formación de pupas de larvas de mosca sierra, una plaga importante de las plantas de rosas. Nuestro estudio reveló un efecto dependiente de la concentración deMetarhizium anisopliaesobre las larvas de mosca sierra. A los 7 días después de la exposición al EPF, la concentración más alta (1 × 109conidios/ml) condujo a una tasa de mortalidad del 65.0 % y al día 11 la mortalidad larvaria alcanzó hasta el 82.5 %. La concentración más alta de EPF resultó en una formación de pupas mínima (7.5 %). Este estudio demuestra el potencial deMetarhizium anisopliaecomo un valioso agente de control biológico contra las infestaciones de larvas de mosca sierra en plantas de rosas.

Abstract 20. The growth of the aquaculture industry has been driven by the increasing global demand for food and concerns about the overexploitation of natural resources and environmental impact. To address these challenges, aquaculture has sought sustainable and innovative alternatives. In this context, the inclusion of insects, such as the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens), in the diet of fish and crustaceans emerges as a promising solution due to their high protein, lipid, and mineral content. This review article discusses the role of Soldier Fly meal in aquaculture. It examines the economic, nutritional, and environmental benefits of meal in aquatic animal diets, as well as recent research results on proper dosage, growth quality, gut health, and nutrient availability in various aquaculture species. It is emphasized that Black Soldier Fly meal offers nutritional benefits comparable to fish meal, being a rich source of protein and lipids, and its inclusion in the diet of aquatic species such as fish and crustaceans has shown improvements in growth, health intestine and the quality of the final products. Despite these advantages, it is noted that complete replacement of fishmeal with insect meal is not the ultimate solution, as challenges related to regulation, mass insect rearing, and nutrient composition may arise. However, Black Soldier Fly meal stands out as a valuable alternative to diversify and improve feed sustainability in the aquaculture industry, contributing to food safety and care for the environment.

Resumen 16. El crecimiento de la industria acuícola ha sido impulsado por la creciente demanda global de alimentos y la preocupación por la sobreexplotación de recursos naturales y el impacto ambiental. Para abordar estos desafíos, la acuicultura ha buscado alternativas sostenibles e innovadoras. En este contexto, la inclusión de insectos, como la Mosca Soldado Negra (Hermetia illucens), en la dieta de peces y crustáceos surge como una solución prometedora debido a su alto contenido de proteínas, lípidos y minerales. Este artículo de revisión analiza el papel de la harina de larvas de Mosca Soldado Negra en la acuicultura. Examina los beneficios económicos, nutricionales y ambientales de la harina en la dieta de los animales acuáticos, así como los resultados de investigaciones recientes sobre dosificación adecuada, calidad de crecimiento, salud intestinal y disponibilidad de nutrientes en diversas especies acuícolas. Se enfatiza que la harina de larvas de la Mosca Soldado Negra ofrece beneficios nutricionales comparables a la harina de pescado, siendo una fuente rica en proteínas y lípidos, y su inclusión en la dieta de especies acuáticas como peces y crustáceos ha demostrado mejoras en el crecimiento, la salud intestinal y la calidad de los productos finales. A pesar de estas ventajas, se señala que la sustitución completa de la harina de pescado por la harina de insectos no es la solución definitiva, ya que pueden surgir desafíos relacionados con la regulación, la crianza masiva de insectos y la composición de nutrientes. Sin embargo, la harina de larvas de Mosca Soldado Negra se destaca como una alternativa valiosa para diversificar y mejorar la sostenibilidad de la alimentación en la industria acuícola, contribuyendo a la seguridad alimentaria y al cuidado del medio ambiente.

Resumo As pragas sugadoras perfurantes do pimentão causam perdas significativas em sua produção. Considerando os efeitos indesejáveis dos pesticidas sintéticos, foram realizados estudos de campo para avaliar o impacto de novos pesticidas contra pragas de insetos sugadores perfurantes do pimentão, bem como os seus efeitos sobre alguns predadores e a produção de pimentão durante as épocas 2021 e 2022. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que todos os pesticidas testados suprimiram efetivamente as populações de insetos sugadores após 1,7,14 e 21 dias de tratamento ao longo de duas pulverizações durante duas temporadas. O Imidaclopride mostrou-se superior a todos os outros tratamentos quando registrou-se redução média (%) (98,91 e 97,27%) & (94,8 e 95,19%), (86,23 e 76,64%) & (80,92 e 88,55%) e (77,68 e 78,44%) & (90,70 e 68,57%) em mosca branca, pulgões e tripes, respectivamente, nas primeira e segunda pulverizações após a temporada de 2021 e 2022, respectivamente. Quanto ao efeito colateral dos inseticidas testados sobre os inimigos naturais, o Dimetoato induziu a maior diminuição (60,85 e 69,33%) & (54,02 e 63,41%), (65,52 e 64,74%) & (59,23 e 58,38%) e (64,24 e 59,48%) & (61,66 e 60,8%) em Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii e Coccinella spp. nas primeira e segunda pulverizações após as temporadas de 2021 e 2022, respectivamente. Pelo contrário, Spintoram induziu o menor efeito em Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii e Coccinella spp., registrando porcentagem de diminuição (25,41 e 19,84%) e (15,02 e 12,50%), (11,94 e 11,24%) & (16,99 e 18,02%) e (18,73 e 15,07%) e (18,35 e 18,38%) nas primeira e segunda pulverizações após as temporadas de 2021 e 2022, respectivamente. Com relação ao efeito dos inseticidas testados na produção de pimenta, todos os inseticidas testados aumentaram a produção de frutos de pimenta verde em comparação com o controle. O Imidaclopride alcançou os maiores rendimentos de frutos ao longo de duas temporadas (6,43 e 6,52 toneladas/alimentado) com aumento percentual no rendimento de 34,53 e 36,04% em relação ao controle após duas temporadas 2021 e 2022, respectivamente. sintéticos 202 2022 1714 1 7 14 1,7,1 2 mostrouse mostrou se registrouse registrou % (% 98,91 9891 98 91 (98,9 97,27% 9727 97 27 94,8 948 94 8 (94, 95,19%, 9519 95,19% , 95 19 95,19%) 86,23 8623 86 23 (86,2 76,64% 7664 76 64 80,92 8092 80 92 (80,9 88,55% 8855 88 55 77,68 7768 77 68 (77,6 78,44% 7844 78 44 90,70 9070 90 70 (90,7 68,57% 6857 57 branca tripes respectivamente naturais 60,85 6085 60 85 (60,8 69,33% 6933 69 33 54,02 5402 54 02 (54,0 63,41%, 6341 63,41% 63 41 63,41%) 65,52 6552 65 52 (65,5 64,74% 6474 74 59,23 5923 59 (59,2 58,38% 5838 58 38 64,24 6424 24 (64,2 59,48% 5948 48 61,66 6166 61 66 (61,6 60,8% 608 carnea spp contrário 25,41 2541 25 (25,4 19,84% 1984 84 15,02 1502 15 (15,0 12,50%, 1250 12,50% 12 50 12,50%) 11,94 1194 11 (11,9 11,24% 1124 16,99 1699 16 99 (16,9 18,02% 1802 18 18,73 1873 73 (18,7 15,07% 1507 07 18,35 1835 35 (18,3 18,38% 1838 6,43 643 6 43 (6,4 652 6,5 toneladas/alimentado toneladasalimentado toneladas alimentado 3453 34 53 34,5 3604 36 04 36,04 20 171 1,7, ( 98,9 989 9 (98, 97,27 972 94, (94 951 95,19 86,2 862 (86, 76,64 766 80,9 809 (80, 88,55 885 5 77,6 776 (77, 78,44 784 4 90,7 907 (90, 68,57 685 60,8 (60, 69,33 693 3 54,0 540 0 (54, 634 63,41 65,5 655 (65, 64,74 647 59,2 592 (59, 58,38 583 64,2 642 (64, 59,48 594 61,6 616 (61, 25,4 254 (25, 19,84 198 15,0 150 (15, 125 12,50 11,9 119 (11, 11,24 112 16,9 169 (16, 18,02 180 18,7 187 (18, 15,07 18,3 183 18,38 6,4 (6, 6, 345 34, 360 36,0 17 1,7 98, (98 97,2 (9 95,1 86, (86 76,6 80, (80 88,5 77, (77 78,4 90, (90 68,5 60, (60 69,3 54, (54 63,4 65, (65 64,7 59, (59 58,3 64, (64 59,4 61, (61 25, (25 19,8 15, (15 12,5 11, (11 11,2 16, (16 18,0 18, (18 (6 36, 1, 97, 95, (8 76, 88, (7 78, 68, 69, (5 63, 58, (2 19, (1 12,

Abstract Piercing sucking pests attacking sweet pepper plants cause significant losses to its yield. Considering the undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides, field studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of new pesticides against piercing sucking insect pests of sweet pepper, as well as, their effects on some predators and pepper yield along two seasons of 2021-2022. The obtained results indicated that all tested pesticides effectively suppressed the sucking insect populations (aphids, white fly, thrips) 1,7,14 and 21 days after treatment along two sprays during two seasons. Imidacloprid proved to be the superior one over all other treatments where it recorded mean reduction% (98.91 and 97.27%) & (94.8 and 95.19%), (86.23 and 76.64%) & (80.92 and 88.55%) and (77.68 and 78.44%) & (90.70 and 68.57%) in white fly, aphids and thrips, respectively at 1st and 2nd sprays at 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. As for side effects of tested insecticides on natural enemies, Dimethoate induced the highest decrease (60.85 and 69.33%) & (54.02 and 63.41%), (65.52 and 64.74%) & (59.23 and 58.38%) and (64.24 and 59.48%) & (61.66 and 60.8%) on Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Coccinella spp at 1st and 2nd sprays at 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. On contrary, Spintoram induced the lowest effects on Chrysoperla carnea, Paederus alfierii and Coccinella spp, recording decrease percent (25.41 and 19.84%) & (15.02 and 12.50%), (11.94 and 11.24%) (16.99 and 18.02%) and (18.73 and15.07%) & (18.35 and18.38%) at1st and 2nd sprays at 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. With respect to the effect of tested insecticides on pepper yield, all tested insecticides increased the yield of green pepper fruits compared with control. Imidacloprid achieved the highest fruit yields along two seasons 6.43 and 6.52 (ton / fed.4200 m2) with increase percent 34.53 and 36.04% in yield over control at 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. 20212022. 20212022 2022. 2021-2022 aphids, (aphids fly thrips 1714 1 7 14 1,7,1 2 reduction 98.91 9891 98 91 (98.9 97.27% 9727 97 27 94.8 948 94 8 (94. 95.19%, 9519 95.19% , 95 19 95.19%) 86.23 8623 86 23 (86.2 76.64% 7664 76 64 80.92 8092 80 92 (80.9 88.55% 8855 88 55 77.68 7768 77 68 (77.6 78.44% 7844 78 44 90.70 9070 90 70 (90.7 68.57% 6857 57 st nd 202 enemies 60.85 6085 60 85 (60.8 69.33% 6933 69 33 54.02 5402 54 02 (54.0 63.41%, 6341 63.41% 63 41 63.41%) 65.52 6552 65 52 (65.5 64.74% 6474 74 59.23 5923 59 (59.2 58.38% 5838 58 38 64.24 6424 24 (64.2 59.48% 5948 48 61.66 6166 61 66 (61.6 60.8% 608 carnea contrary 25.41 2541 25 (25.4 19.84% 1984 84 15.02 1502 15 (15.0 12.50%, 1250 12.50% 12 50 12.50%) 11.94 1194 11 (11.9 11.24% 1124 16.99 1699 16 99 (16.9 18.02% 1802 18 18.73 1873 73 (18.7 and15.07% and1507 and15 07 18.35 1835 35 (18.3 and18.38% and1838 and18 atst 643 6 43 6.4 652 6.5 ton fed4200 fed 4200 fed.420 m2 m 3453 34 53 34.5 3604 36 04 36.04 2021202 2021-202 171 1,7, 98.9 989 9 (98. 97.27 972 94. (94 951 95.19 86.2 862 (86. 76.64 766 80.9 809 (80. 88.55 885 5 77.6 776 (77. 78.44 784 4 90.7 907 (90. 68.57 685 20 60.8 (60. 69.33 693 3 54.0 540 0 (54. 634 63.41 65.5 655 (65. 64.74 647 59.2 592 (59. 58.38 583 64.2 642 (64. 59.48 594 61.6 616 (61. 25.4 254 (25. 19.84 198 15.0 150 (15. 125 12.50 11.9 119 (11. 11.24 112 16.9 169 (16. 18.02 180 18.7 187 (18. and15.07 and150 and1 18.3 183 and18.38 and183 6. fed420 420 fed.42 345 34. 360 36.0 202120 2021-20 17 1,7 98. (98 97.2 (9 95.1 86. (86 76.6 80. (80 88.5 77. (77 78.4 90. (90 68.5 60. (60 69.3 54. (54 63.4 65. (65 64.7 59. (59 58.3 64. (64 59.4 61. (61 25. (25 19.8 15. (15 12.5 11. (11 11.2 16. (16 18.0 18. (18 and15.0 and18.3 fed42 42 fed.4 36. 20212 2021-2 1, 97. ( 95. (8 76. 88. (7 78. 68. (6 69. (5 63. 58. (2 19. (1 12. and15. and18. fed4 fed. 2021-

Resumo A cultura do milho é utilizada na alimentação humana, pecuária e avícola, bem como na panificação, flocos de milho, xarope de milho, amido de milho e óleos de milho. O estudo de campo consistiu em um ensaio experimental sobre a incidência desse complexo de insetos-praga na cultivar de milho Azam durante a temporada de Kharif 2020 na Estação de Pesquisa Agrícola, Baffa, Mansehra. O ensaio foi estabelecido no Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) e, em seguida, dividido em três repetições. O resultado obtido no ensaio mostrou que várias espécies de pragas foram registradas durante o período experimental; no entanto, foi observado um baixo nível da população. As espécies de insetos obtidas foram pulgão-da-folha-do-milho (6,90 ± 5,5) – por polegada quadrada –, cigarrinha-do-milho (1,32 ± 0,63), broca-do-caule-do-milho (0,63 ± 0,29), besouro-da-pulga-do-milho (0,43 ± 0,28), tripses (0,38 ± 0,22), lagarta-cabeluda (0,21 ± 0,22), gafanhoto (0,17 ± 0,11) e mosca (0,11 ± 0,08) ao longo da temporada

Abstract The maize crop is used as food for humans, livestock and poultries forms, it is also used in bread making, corn flakes, corn syrup, corn starch and corn oils. The field study consisted of one experimental trial, about the incidence of that insect pest complex on maize cultivar Azam during the Kharif season 2020 at the Agricultural, Research Station, Baffa, Mansehra. The trial was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and then it was divided into three replications. The result obtained from the trial showed that a number of the pest species were recorded during the experimental period; however, the population was noticed at a low level. The obtained insect species were corn leaf aphid (6.90 ± 5.5) per square inch, corn leafhopper (1.32 ± 0.63), maize stem borer (0.63 ± 0.29), corn flea beetle (0.43 ± 0.28), Thrips (0.38 ± 0.22), Hairy caterpillar (0.21 ± 0.22), Grasshopper (0.17 ± 0.11) and shoot fly (0.11 ± 0.08) throughout the season

Abstract Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae) is among the earliest successional fauna on human and animal cadavers. Some immature Calliphoridae can be useful for determination of post-mortem interval. Toxins, particularly pesticides, can affect the rate of insect growth. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is an affordable insecticide that has not been adequately entomotoxicologically evaluated. So, the impact of AlP on the developmental rate of different stages of C. albiceps was investigated. Larvae of C. albiceps were reared on the rabbit carcasses containing AlP as a treated group, and distilled water as a control group. The substances were administered by a gastric tube. The duration needed for development of C. albiceps stages was documented. Body length, width and weight of larvae were measured after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from egg hatching. The duration of development increased significantly in the treated group compared to the control group. Larvae body measurements were significantly smaller in the treated group than in the control group. Therefore, it was demonstrated that AlP significantly influences the size of C. albiceps larvae and extends their development. During forensic application, interpretation of C. albiceps data should be used with caution when aluminum phosphide may be the cause of death. (Calliphoridae cadavers postmortem post mortem interval Toxins pesticides growth (AlP evaluated So C investigated tube documented length 24 48 7 9 hatching Therefore application death 2 4

Resumo Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae) está entre as primeiras espécies a colonizar cadáveres humanos e animais. Alguns Calliphoridae imaturos podem ser úteis para a determinação do intervalo “post-mortem”. Toxinas, particularmente pesticidas, podem afetar a taxa de crescimento de insetos. O fosfeto de alumínio (AlP) é um inseticida acessível que não foi adequadamente avaliado entomotoxicologicamente. Assim, o impacto do AlP na taxa de desenvolvimento de diferentes estágios de C. albiceps foi investigado. Larvas de C. albiceps foram criadas em carcaças de coelho, contendo AlP como grupo tratado e água destilada como grupo controle. As substâncias foram administradas por sonda gástrica. A duração necessária para o desenvolvimento dos estágios de C. albiceps foi documentada. O comprimento, largura e peso do corpo das larvas foram medidos após 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas da eclosão dos ovos. A duração do desenvolvimento foi significativamente aumentada no grupo tratado, em comparação com o grupo controle. As medidas corporais das larvas foram significativamente menores no grupo tratado do que no grupo controle. Portanto, foi demonstrado que o AlP influencia significativamente o tamanho das larvas de C. albiceps e prolonga seu desenvolvimento. Durante a aplicação forense, a interpretação dos dados de C. albiceps deve ser usada com cautela, quando o fosfeto de alumínio puder ser a causa da morte. (Calliphoridae animais postmortem. postmortem post mortem . “post-mortem” Toxinas pesticidas insetos (AlP entomotoxicologicamente Assim C investigado coelho controle gástrica documentada comprimento 24 48 7 9 ovos Portanto forense cautela morte “post-mortem 2 4

ABSTRACT Ceratitis capitata is a polyphagous species adapted to the most diverse hosts. The life cycle of C. capitata is influenced by the host species in which it develops, and information about its biological data in star fruit is scarce. This study aimed to characterize the biological cycle of C. capitata in star fruit and mango. Portions of 20 g were offered in Petri dishes lined with moistened filter paper to 20 first-instar larvae up to three hours of age. Evaluations were performed daily, quantifying the period and larval survival, pupal viability and mass (puparia weighed at 24 hours of age), longevity, egg-adult period, and fecundity. Larval survival ranged from 89.75% in star fruit to 94.25% in mango. Pupal viability and mass were higher in larvae fed mango. The length of the larval period was not affected by the food substrate. Total and daily fecundities were higher in females from larvae fed mango. Both fruits allowed the complete development of C. capitata, but mango is the most suitable host for its development. hosts C develops scarce 2 firstinstar first instar age puparia age, , age) longevity eggadult egg adult fecundity 8975 89 75 89.75 9425 94 25 94.25 substrate 897 8 7 89.7 942 9 94.2 89. 94.

RESUMO Ceratitis capitata é uma espécie polífaga, adaptando-se aos mais diversos hospedeiros. O ciclo de vida de C. capitata é influenciado pelas espécies hospedeiras em que se desenvolve, e informações sobre seus dados biológicos em carambola são escassas. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o ciclo biológico de C. capitata nas frutas carambola e manga. Porções de 10 g foram oferecidas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro umedecido para 20 larvas de primeiro ínstar com até três horas de idade. As avaliações foram realizadas diariamente, quantificando-se o período e sobrevivência larval, viabilidade e massa pupal (pupários pesados às 24 horas de idade), longevidade, período ovo-adulto e fecundidade. A sobrevivência larval variou de 89,75% em carambola a 94,25% em manga, a viabilidade e a massa pupal foram maiores em larvas alimentadas com manga. A duração do período larval não foi afetada pelo substrato alimentar. As fecundidades total e diária foram maiores nas fêmeas de larvas alimentadas com manga. Ambas as frutas testadas permitiram o desenvolvimento completo de C. capitata, mas a manga é o hospedeiro mais adequado para seu desenvolvimento. polífaga adaptandose adaptando hospedeiros C desenvolve escassas 1 2 idade diariamente quantificandose quantificando pupários idade, , idade) longevidade ovoadulto ovo adulto fecundidade 8975 89 75 89,75 9425 94 25 94,25 alimentar 897 8 7 89,7 942 9 94,2 89, 94,

RESUMO: Examinamos a adoção tecnológica do manejo integrado para pomares cítricos saudáveis por agricultores em Gunuang Omeh, um subdistrito na regência de Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatra Ocidental, Indonésia. Foram medidas a taxa de adoção, as características dos agricultores em cada nível, os fatores que influenciam e a sua associação com ataques de moscas-das-frutas. Os dados foram obtidos através de uma pesquisa realizada propositalmente de junho a dezembro de 2021 envolvendo 351 agricultores. Os resultados da análise mostraram que a taxa de adoção individual foi alta, mas para o manejo de moscas-das-frutas em grupo foi baixa, com destaque para a necessidade de consolidação. As características diferentes em cada nível de adoção foram: a distância da casa do agricultor ao pomar e a dificuldade de acesso ao crédito. Vários fatores que influenciam a adoção desta tecnologia individualmente foram desde características dos agricultores (número de membros da família e experiência); pomar de citros (distância até entrada, saída, extensão, idade da planta); também a dificuldade de acesso à informação e ao crédito. Estes resultados sugeriram ser necessário interenções políticas que podem: (1) facilitar o acesso ao crédito para os citricultores, especialmente para as necessidades das grandes plantações. (2) fornecer acesso fácil a informações relacionadas ao manejo simultâneo de moscas-das-frutas ou cooperação baseada na comunidade, (3) fornecer facilidade de acesso ao transporte. RESUMO Omeh Kota Ocidental Indonésia moscasdasfrutas. moscasdasfrutas moscas frutas. frutas 202 35 alta baixa consolidação número experiência experiência) entrada saída extensão planta planta) podem 1 (1 citricultores plantações 2 (2 comunidade 3 (3 transporte 20 (

ABSTRACT: This research examined the technological adoption of integrated management for healthy citrus orchards by farmers in Gunuang Omeh, a sub-district in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The adoption rate, characteristics of farmers at each level, influencing factors, and their association with fruit fly attacks, were measured. The data was obtained through a survey conducted purposively from June to December 2021 involving 351 farmers. The results of the analysis showed that the individual adoption rate was high, but for the handling of fruit flies in group was low, with the emphasis on the need for consolidation. The characteristics different at each level of adoption were: the distance from the farmer’s home to the orchard and the difficulty of access to credit. Several factors influence the adoption of this technology individually were from characteristics of the farmers (number of family members and experience); citrus orchard (distance to input, output, extension, plant age); also the difficulty to access information and credit. These results suggested that intervene policies that can be done: (1) facilitate access to credit for citrus farmers, especially for the needs of large plantations. (2) provide easy access to information related to fruit fly handling simultaneously or community-based cooperation, (3) provide ease of transportation access. ABSTRACT Omeh subdistrict sub district Regency Sumatra Indonesia attacks measured 202 35 high low consolidation farmer s number experience experience) input output extension age age) done 1 (1 plantations 2 (2 communitybased community based cooperation 3 (3 20 (

ABSTRACT The success of intercropping depends on the spatial arrangement between crops, aiming at the best use of the planting area and greater profitability for the farmer. Here, we evaluated the effect of cassava-peanut intercropping on several agronomic parameters. The research was carried out in the APTA experimental area, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments (peanut in monoculture - P; cassava in monoculture - C, cassava intercropped with peanuts planted between rows - CPb, and intercropping in alternating double rows - CPd) and eight replications. The variables analyzed were vegetative growth of cassava plants, soil vegetation cover and weed control, incidence of the main cassava and peanut pests, productivity, and the land equivalent ratio (LER). Only CPb inhibited cassava vegetative growth, significantly affecting its final height. Greater vegetation coverage and, consequently, lower occurrence of weeds, was obtained in CPb in addition to lower incidence of whiteflies in cassava. The intercropping system, regardless of the spatial arrangement used, increased the incidence of the lace bug in cassava and reduced the incidence of peanut pests. Crop productivity was lower in CPd due to the lower planting density of intercrops. However, both intercropping arrangements increased LER. Thus, despite the spatial arrangement of the intercropping system having implied different agronomic responses of the crops, planting peanuts between the cassava rows brought the best agronomic results. crops farmer Here cassavapeanut parameters Paulo Brazil P C replications plants control pests LER . (LER) height consequently weeds used intercrops However Thus results (LER

RESUMO O sucesso de consorcio de culturas depende da boa disposição espacial entre elas, caracterizando o melhor uso da área de plantio e maior rentabilidade para o agricultor. Nesse trabalho avaliamos o efeito do consórcio entre mandioca e amendoim em diferentes aspectos agronômicos. A pesquisa foi realizada na área experimental da APTA, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. Os tratamentos foram: amendoim em monocultura (P); mandioca em monocultura (C), consórcio com o amendoim plantado na entrelinha das fileiras mandioca (CPb), e consórcio das culturas em fileiras duplas alternadas (CPd). As variáveis analisadas foram crescimento vegetativo das plantas de mandioca, cobertura do solo e controle de ervas daninhas, incidência das principais pragas da mandioca e do amendoim, produtividade das culturas consortes e o índice de uso da terra (LER). Apenas CPb inibiu o crescimento vegetativo da mandioca, afetando significativamente sua altura final. CPb obteve maior cobertura vegetal e, consequentemente, menor ocorrência de ervas daninhas, além de resultar em menor incidência de mosca-branca na mandioca. O consorcio, independente do arranjo espacial utilizado aumentou a incidência do percevejo de renda na mandioca e diminuiu a incidência das pragas do amendoim. A produtividade das culturas menor em CPd, devido a menor densidade de plantio das culturas consortes. Porém qualquer arranjo do consorcio dessas culturas aumenta a LER. Assim, apesar do arranjo espacial do consórcio ter implicado diferentes respostas agronômicas das culturas, o plantio de amendoim na entrelinha da mandioca trouxe os melhores resultados agronômicos. elas agricultor agronômicos APTA Paulo Brasil repetições P (P) C, C , (C) CPb, (CPb) CPd. CPd . (CPd) daninhas LER (LER) final consequentemente moscabranca mosca branca Assim (P (C (CPb (CPd (LER

ABSTRACT: Recent rise in desert rose production, the expanded cultivation of this species may promote infestation by certain insects and mites. One such insect, the fungus gnats (Bradysia sp), also known as fungus flies, have been damaging numerous ornamental plant species. This study reported the incidence of fungus gnats infesting desert rose plants in the municipality of Jataí - GO, Brazil. Throughout 2022, we evaluated 48 desert rose plants for parasitic occurrences through direct observation. Sticky traps were used to record adult insects. Damage to plant organs has been documented and the presence of parasites at various stages of development with digital photographs. The incidence of fungal gnats is confirmed by observing adult insects and larvae in the plant substrate and roots. Of the 48 plants evaluated, 39 showed signs of infestation. Symptoms of a fungus gnat attack on desert rose include small necrotic lesions on new roots, progressive root rot, and a withered caudex resembling dehydration. The fungus gnats attack can cause the desert rose caudex to wilt, reducing its size and losing part of its shape, fact that can compromise the commercialization of this crop. ABSTRACT production mites insect Bradysia sp, sp , sp) flies GO Brazil 2022 4 observation photographs roots 3 rot dehydration wilt shape crop 202 20 2

RESUMO: Com o recente aumento na produção de rosas do deserto, o cultivo expandido desta espécie pode promover a infestação por certos insetos e ácaros. Um desses insetos, os mosquitos do fungo (Bradysiasp), também conhecidos como moscas do fungo, têm danificado inúmeras espécies de plantas ornamentais. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar a incidência de mosquitos e fungos infestando roseiras do deserto no município de Jataí - GO, Brasil. Ao longo de 2022, avaliamos 48 plantas de rosa do deserto quanto a ocorrências parasitárias por meio de observação direta. Armadilhas adesivas foram usadas para registrar insetos adultos. Danos aos órgãos das plantas foram documentados e a presença de parasitas em vários estágios de desenvolvimento com fotografias digitais. Confirma-se a incidência de mosquitos fúngicos observando insetos adultos e larvas no substrato vegetal e nas raízes. Das 48 plantas avaliadas, 39 apresentaram sinais de infestação. Os sintomas de um ataque de mosquito fungo na rosa do deserto incluem pequenas lesões necróticas em novas raízes, podridão radicular progressiva e um caudex murcho semelhante a desidratação. O ataque dos mosquitos do fungo pode causar o murchamento do caudex da rosa do deserto, reduzindo seu tamanho e perdendo parte de sua forma, fato que pode comprometer a comercialização desta cultura. RESUMO ácaros Bradysiasp, Bradysiasp , (Bradysiasp) ornamentais GO Brasil 2022 4 direta digitais Confirmase Confirma se raízes avaliadas 3 desidratação forma cultura (Bradysiasp 202 20 2

RESUMO O açaizeiro-solteiro (Euterpe precatoria Martius) é uma planta de grande importância socioeconômica na região amazônica. O aumento de seu plantio em regime de monocultivo tem intensificado problemas fitossanitários, especialmente no que tange a insetos-pragas associados. Em maio de 2023, foi observada infestação de moscas-brancas na face abaxial de folíolos de plantas de E. precatoria cultivadas em condição de semicampo (casas de sombreamento) em Rio Branco, Acre. A mosca-branca foi identificada como Aleurodicus pseudugesii, sendo o primeiro registro de associação dessa espécie de aleirodídeo com E. precatoria no Brasil. açaizeirosolteiro açaizeiro solteiro Euterpe Martius amazônica fitossanitários insetospragas insetos pragas associados 2023 moscasbrancas moscas brancas E casas sombreamento Branco Acre moscabranca mosca branca pseudugesii Brasil 202 20 2

ABSTRACT The single assai palm (Euterpe precatória Martius) is a plant of great socio-economic importance in the Amazon region. The increase in its cultivation under monoculture systems has intensified phytosanitary problems, especially regarding associated pest insects. In May 2023, a whitefly infestation was observed on the abaxial surface of leaflets of E. precatória plants grown under semi-field conditions (shaded greenhouses) in Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil. The whitefly was identified as Aleurodicus pseudugesii, representing the first record of the association between this aleyrodid species and E. precatoria in Brazil. Euterpe Martius socioeconomic socio economic region problems insects 2023 E semifield semi field shaded greenhouses Branco state Brazil pseudugesii 202 20 2