RESUMO A aplicação de esgoto sanitário utilizando o gotejamento subsuperficial contribui para mitigar os problemas atuais de disponibilidade de água e produção de alimento. Objetivou-se avaliar o feijão-caupi recebendo esgoto sanitário por gotejadores operando com diferentes vazões e profundidades. Os gotejadores operaram com as vazões de 1,6 e 3,8 L h-1 e foram instalados nas profundidades de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 cm. O feijão-caupi foi cultivado em vasos de 65 L preenchidos com solo argiloso em casa de vegetação. Utilizou-se esgoto sanitário sintético e a quantidade aplicada nos vasos foi baseada no elemento limitante, que no caso foi o nitrogênio, para o cultivo do feijão-caupi. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado com sondas de TDR. Avaliou-se a germinação e as respostas fisiológicas e morfologia das raízes do feijão-caupi. A ascensão capilar, quando a água foi aplicada em profundidade, não foi suficiente para umedecer de maneira uniforme a superfície do solo. As variáveis de germinação apresentaram um decréscimo em função do aumento das profundidades de instalação dos gotejadores. A distribuição da água com o aumento da profundidade dos emissores foi responsável pelos prejuízos nas respostas fisiológicas e morfológicas das raízes feijão-caupi. As vazões dos gotejadores não afetaram a germinação do feijão-caupi. Utilizar o sistema de irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial não foi apropriado para o feijão-caupi nas condições deste estudo. alimento Objetivouse Objetivou se feijãocaupi feijão caupi 16 1 6 1, 38 3 8 3, h1 h h- 0 5 10 15 20 2 cm vegetação Utilizouse Utilizou limitante nitrogênio feijãocaupi. caupi. TDR Avaliouse Avaliou capilar estudo

ABSTRACT The application of sanitary sewage using subsurface drip irrigation contributes to mitigating the current problems of water availability and food production. The aim in this study was to evaluate cowpea receiving sanitary sewage through drippers operating at different flow rates and depths. The drippers operated at flow rates of 1.6 and 3.8 L h-1 and were installed at depths of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm. Cowpea was grown in 65 L pots filled with sandy clay soil in a greenhouse. Synthetic sanitary sewage was used and the amount applied to the pots was based on the limiting element, which in this case was nitrogen, for growing cowpea. Irrigation was managed using TDR probes. Germination and the physiological responses and morphology of cowpea roots were assessed. Capillary rise, when water was applied in subsurface, was not sufficient to evenly moisten the soil surface. The germination variables decreased as a result of the increase in drip installation depths. The distribution of water as the depth of the emitters increased was responsible for the damage to the physiological and morphological responses of cowpea roots. The flow rates of the drippers did not affect the germination of cowpea. Using the subsurface drip irrigation system was not appropriate for growing cowpea under the conditions of this study. production 16 1 6 1. 38 3 8 3. h1 h h- 0 5 10 15 20 25 cm greenhouse element nitrogen probes assessed rise surface 2

RESUMO: O ensino de anatomia vem se modificando ao longo dos anos, introduzindo métodos tecnológicos, principalmente após o período pandêmico. Questiona-se o uso exclusivo da tecnologia em comparação aos métodos tradicionais de dissecação e aulas teóricas presenciais no que diz respeito à aquisição de conhecimento. Este artigo analisou a percepção de conhecimento de alunos de diversos semestres do curso de Medicina Veterinária, comparando alunos que tiveram aulas apenas online com aqueles que tiveram aulas presenciais de Anatomia Descritiva dos Animais Domésticos. Para tanto, questões foram enviadas por meio de formulário, com preenchimento voluntário e anônimo, e posteriormente analisadas estatisticamente. Os resultados indicam que 11,5% dos alunos que cursaram a disciplina remotamente falharam na aplicação dos conhecimentos em outras disciplinas, enquanto nenhum aluno do ensino presencial relatou o mesmo. A maioria dos alunos, tanto dos grupos remotos quanto dos presenciais, lembram-se do assunto, mas revisam o conteúdo com frequência. Em relação ao conhecimento teórico, o grupo online (80,8%) compreendeu melhor à medida que o curso avançava, comparado a 59,6% do grupo presencial. A ligação entre Anatomia e outras disciplinas foi mais destacada pelo grupo presencial (30,8%) em comparação ao online (15,4%). Ambos os grupos concordam que o contacto físico com peças anatômicas é essencial, mas alguns consideram possível ter um primeiro contacto com imagens ou fotografias 3D. Baseado nesse estudo preliminar, conclui-se que as interações iniciais com a área de Anatomia devem incluir técnicas pedagógicas diversificadas com comunicação empática. A utilização de recursos tecnológicos modernos é um aliado do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e após a abstração dos conteúdos é possível o uso singular da tecnologia na manutenção e atualização do conhecimento anatômico. RESUMO anos pandêmico Questionase Questiona Veterinária Domésticos formulário anônimo estatisticamente 115 11 5 11,5 mesmo lembramse lembram assunto frequência teórico 80,8% 808 80 8 (80,8% avançava 596 59 6 59,6 30,8% 308 30 (30,8% 15,4%. 154 15,4% . 15 4 (15,4%) essencial 3D D preliminar concluise conclui empática ensinoaprendizagem, ensinoaprendizagem aprendizagem, aprendizagem ensino-aprendizagem anatômico 1 11, 80,8 (80,8 59, 30,8 3 (30,8 15,4 (15,4% 80, (80, 30, (30, 15, (15,4 (80 (30 (15, (8 (3 (15 ( (1

ABSTRACT: Anatomy teaching has been changing over the years, introducing technological methods especially after the pandemic period. An ongoing debate revolves around whether exclusive reliance on technology for anatomy classes, as opposed to traditional methods and face-to-face instruction, enhances knowledge acquisition. This study analyzed the knowledge perception of students from various semesters throughout the Veterinary Medicine course, comparing students who only had online classes with those who had face-to-face classes in Gross Anatomy of Domestic Animals. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed for voluntary and anonymous completion, and the responses were subsequently analyzed statistically. The results indicated that 11.5% of the students who took Anatomy remotely failed to apply the knowledge in other subjects, while no face-to-face learning student reported the same. Most students, both remote and face-to-face groups, remember the subject but review the content frequently. Regarding theoretical knowledge, the online group (80.8%) understood better as the course progressed, compared to 59.6% of the face-to-face group. The connection between Anatomy and other subjects was more highlighted by the face-to-face group (30.8%) compared to the online group (15.4%). Both groups agree that physical contact with anatomical specimens is essential; however, some believe that initial exposure through 3D images or photographs is feasible. We concluded based on this preliminary study that the initial interactions with the Anatomy field should include diversified pedagogical techniques with empathetic communication. The use of modern technological resources are allies in the teaching-learning process. Furthermore, after abstracting the contents, technology alone can effectively maintain and update anatomical knowledge. ABSTRACT years period facetoface face instruction acquisition Animals purpose completion statistically 115 11 5 11.5 same frequently 80.8% 808 80 8 (80.8% progressed 596 59 6 59.6 30.8% 308 30 (30.8% 15.4%. 154 15.4% . 15 4 (15.4%) essential however D feasible communication teachinglearning process Furthermore contents 1 11. 80.8 (80.8 59. 30.8 3 (30.8 15.4 (15.4% 80. (80. 30. (30. 15. (15.4 (80 (30 (15. (8 (3 (15 ( (1

RESUMO: A osteologia desempenha um papel indispensável para o conhecimento dos padrões de normalidade das diversas espécies, sendo a base para o entendimento zoológico. Mazama nana é bastante conhecido no Brasil, porém descrições morfológicas básicas acerca da espécie são escassas, enquanto Subulo gouazoubira, revalidação atual de Mazama gouazoubira, também é incidente no Brasil e, atualmente, tem sido alvo de diversos estudos filogenéticos. Nesse escopo, no presente estudo, foram preparadas, osteologicamente, 19 cabeças de cervídeos (16 Subulo gouazoubira e três Mazama nana) e, em seguida, tomografias computadorizadas (TCs) foram realizadas a fim de aprimorar as formas de avaliação de acidentes ósseos, além de estruturas internas e forames mediante técnicas de reconstrução em três dimensões (3D) devido a difícil visibilidade em peças intactas. Posteriormente, realizou-se um comparativo entre as reconstruções, fotografias digitais e secções tomográficas transversais do crânio, o qual possibilitou a visualização de peculiaridades e exclusividades anatômicas, como a presença da fenestra nasolacrimomaxilar, detalhamento dos seios paranasais e arquitetura de ossos finos, além do formato exclusivo dos ossos cranianos, em comparação a outras espécies, que apresentam um fenótipo único e genuíno. RESUMO espécies zoológico escassas atualmente filogenéticos escopo estudo preparadas osteologicamente 1 16 (1 seguida TCs (TCs ósseos 3D D (3D intactas Posteriormente realizouse realizou se reconstruções crânio anatômicas nasolacrimomaxilar finos cranianos genuíno (

ABSTRACT: Osteology plays an indispensable role in understanding the normal patterns of different species, serving as the foundation for zoological understanding. Mazama nana is well-known in Brazil; however, basic morphological descriptions of the species are scarce, while Subulo gouazoubira, currently revalidated as Mazama gouazoubira, is also prevalent in Brazil and has recently been the subject of various phylogenetic studies. In this respect, in the present study, 19 cervid heads (16 Subulo gouazoubira and three Mazama nana) were osteologically prepared. Next, computed tomographies (CTs) were performed to enhance the assessment of bone accidents, as well as internal structures and foramina through three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques due to the difficult visibility in intact specimens. A comparison was then made between the reconstructions, digital photographs, and CT cross-sections of the skull, which enabled the visualization of anatomical peculiarities and exclusivities, such as nasolacrimal-maxillary fenestra, paranasal sinuses, and thin bone architecture, as well as the unique shape of cranial bones, compared to other species that exhibit a unique and genuine phenotype. ABSTRACT wellknown known however scarce studies respect study 1 16 (1 prepared Next CTs (CTs accidents threedimensional dimensional 3D D (3D specimens reconstructions photographs crosssections cross sections skull exclusivities nasolacrimalmaxillary nasolacrimal maxillary fenestra sinuses architecture bones phenotype (

Abstract Introduction. Cocoa cultivation in tropical areas is a commercially viable agroecological alternative that allows for productive diversification and sustainable soil management through the use of organic fertilization. Objective. To evaluate the development of four cocoa varieties (INIFAP 4, INIFAP 8, INIFAP 9, and Almendra Blanca) under the climatic conditions of the Úrsulo Galván region, Veracruz, Mexico. Materials and methods. An experiment was conducted between winter (December 2021) and summer (June 2022), using a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replications. Conventional agronomic management was employed, with the addition of 10 kg of compost per tree, followed by 3 kg of vermicompost. At four months into the study, 50 g of urea, 50 g of ammonium diphosphate, and 50 g of potassium chloride were incorporated. The study included analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α 0.05). Results. Statistical equality was found for height, diameter, and number of branches. The cocoa’s response to temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind showed that these factors influenced the expression of its productive potential, as well as its morphology and yield, without adapting to the climatic conditions under study. Conclusion. The development of the studied varieties was homogeneous based on the climatic conditions of the Ursulo Galvan region, with the Almendra Blanca variety standing out.

Resumen Introducción. El cultivo del cacao en las zonas tropicales es una alternativa comercial de interés agroecológico, que permite la diversificación productiva y el manejo sustentable de los suelos al emplear abonado orgánico. Objetivo. Evaluar el desarrollo de cuatro variedades de cacao (INIFAP 4, INIFAP 8, INIFAP 9 y Almendra Blanca) en las condiciones climatológicas de la región de Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un experimento, entre invierno (diciembre 2021) y verano (junio 2022), bajo un diseño completamente al azar, distribuido en cuatro tratamientos y diez repeticiones. El manejo agronómico fue convencional, se agregaron 10 kg de composta por árbol, seguidos de 3 kg de vermicompost. A los cuatro meses del estudio se incorporaron 50 g de urea, 50 g de difosfato de amonio y 50 g de cloruro de potasio. El estudio incluyó análisis de varianza y pruebas de Tukey (α 0,05). Resultados. Se encontró igualdad estadística para altura, diámetro y número de ramas. La respuesta del cacao a temperatura, precipitación, humedad relativa y viento, demostró que afectaron la expresión de su potencial productivo, así como su morfología y rendimiento, no adaptándose a las condiciones climáticas en estudio. Conclusión. El desarrollo de las variedades en estudio fue homogéneo, con base en las condiciones climatológicas de la región Úrsulo Galván, destacándose la variedad Almendra Blanca.

Abstract: The aesthetic integration of solar systems with multi-family buildings remains rare in Latin American countries. This article considers sixty-five projects by architecture students in Lima (Peru) to establish compositional criteria using typological classifications of the solar system layout on the roofs, volumetric composition, and their relationship with façades and lower spaces. The results show a wide range of variables that must be resolved. However, there are limitations to understanding this integration when dealing with the inclination of roofs as well as the coherence and geometric arrangement in irregular configurations. More emphasis is required on understanding the interior organisation and its implications for solar systems when designing multi-family houses. Previous research on the quantification of solar incidence has already been published; however, more research for further aesthetic assessments in medium-density multi-family dwellings could be carried out in the future.

Resumen: La integración estética de sistemas solares en multifamiliares es un desafío todavía inédito en países latinoamericanos. Sesenta y cinco proyectos desarrollados por estudiantes de arquitectura en Lima (Perú) fueron considerados para establecer criterios de composición mediante clasificación tipológica a nivel de disposición de los sistemas fotovoltaicos, composición volumétrica, relación con las fachadas y los espacios inferiores. Los resultados demuestran múltiples posibilidades. Sin embargo, existen limitaciones para entender esta integración cuando se trata de la inclinación de los techos, así como la coherencia y la disposición geométrica en las configuraciones irregulares obtenidas. Tratándose de multifamiliares y debiendo lidiar con aspectos técnicos, se requiere mayor énfasis en la comprensión de la organización interior y sus implicancias con los sistemas solares. Una investigación previa relacionada a la cuantificación de la incidencia solar ha sido ya publicada, sin embargo, investigaciones para mayores evaluaciones estéticas en multifamiliares de media densidad podrían realizarse a futuro.

Abstract: The approach to the urban development plan by Brazilian architect Lucio Costa for the Alagados neighborhood (1972) emphasizes the dimension of social housing in its urban planning, highlighting the incorporations carried out in response to the revisions of the modern movement. The study contextualizes revisionist approaches in urban plans, focusing on housing clusters in superblocks and their relationship with public facilities, bringing out the organicist paradigm, aiming for flexibility in urban planning. An approach is taken that includes a specific architectural historiography and design theory, reviewing Lucio Costa's proposal through the analysis of documents, plans, and works. Given the disagreement between social housing policy based on utopian ideals and real estate interests, Lucio Costa's superblock proposal presents its adaptable morphology, concluding that the implementation of Lucio Costa's proposal could possibly have provided substantial positive results to Alagados.

Resumen: El enfoque del plan de desarrollo urbano del arquitecto brasileño Lucio Costa para el vecindario de Alagados (1972) enfatiza la dimensión de la vivienda social en su planificación urbana, destacando las incorporaciones llevadas a cabo en respuesta a las revisiones del movimiento moderno. El estudio contextualiza los enfoques revisionistas en los planes urbanos, centrándose en los grupos de viviendas en los superbloques y su relación con las instalaciones públicas, lo que resalta el paradigma orgánico, con el objetivo de flexibilidad en la planificación urbana. Se adopta un enfoque que incluye una teoría de historiografía y diseño arquitectónica específica, revisando la propuesta de Lucio Costa a través del análisis de documentos, planes y trabajos. Dado el desacuerdo entre la política de vivienda social basada en ideales utópicos e intereses inmobiliarios, la propuesta de superbloque de Lucio Costa presenta su morfología adaptable, concluyendo que posiblemente la implementación de la propuesta de Lucio Costa podría haber proporcionado resultados positivos sustanciales a los Alagados.

Resumen Durante la valoración preanestésica de la paciente obstétrica, es fundamental evaluar la condición cardiovascular basal de la paciente, identificar riesgos potenciales y facilitar modificaciones conductuales para desarrollar una estrategia de manejo individualizada, dirigida a minimizar las complicaciones. La ecografía cardíaca a la cabecera del paciente (POCUS) es un instrumento valioso para evaluar la morfología y la función del corazón antes de un procedimiento quirúrgico. El POCUS cardiaco no está diseñado para sustituir a la ecocardiografía transtorácica formal, que corresponde al área de anestesiología cardiovascular y a la cardiología. Sin embargo, cuando se usa en conjunto con la anamnesis, el examen físico, el electrocardiograma y los resultados de exámenes de laboratorio previos, el POCUS cardiaco es un complemento valioso dentro del arsenal diagnóstico de los anestesiólogos. Permite la visualización directa del corazón y de los grandes vasos, con beneficios adicionales de velocidad, disponibilidad y bajo riesgo para la paciente. El objetivo del presente manuscrito es explorar y describir las ventajas del POCUS cardiaco durante el periodo preanestésico en pacientes obstétricas y su valor potencial para los anestesiólogos, a través de la identificación de condiciones eventualmente peligrosas que pudieran requerir un manejo preoperatorio individualizado.

Abstract During the preanesthetic assessment of the obstetric patient, it is critical to assess the patient's cardiovascular baseline condition, identify any potential risks, and facilitate behavioral modification to develop an individualized management strategy aimed at minimizing complications. Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a valuable instrument for assessing the morphology and function of the heart prior to surgery. Cardiac POCUS is not designed to replace comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, which is the realm of cardiovascular anesthesiology and cardiology. However, when used in conjunction with anamnesis, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and previous laboratory results, cardiac POCUS is a valuable adjunct in the diagnostic toolbox of anesthesiologists. It allows for direct visualization of the heart and great vessels, with added benefits of speed, availability, and low risk for the patient. The purpose of this manuscript is to explore and describe the advantages of cardiac POCUS in the preanesthetic period of obstetric patients and its potential value for anesthesiologists through the identification of potentially hazardous conditions that may require individualized preoperative management.

Abstract The suffix -ístico has an atypical form in Spanish because it has three syllables and is proparoxytone. Furthermore, its segmentation can be ambiguous, since it can be described as the result of a root + -ístico, or as a base ending in -ista + -’ico. According to these characteristics of -ístico, this suffix fails to follow the principles established by the preference theory of natural morphology, specifically two of them: the optimal shape of units and the morphotactic transparency. Because of this, -ístico seems unnatural from this approach. In this paper, I suggest an analysis of -ístico as a result of a combination of a base ending in -ista + -’ico, following the concept of morphological solidarity, which I will define in this paper also (Beniers 1996). These affixes are on a solidary relationship, from which it follows that it is unnecessary to observe a term derived with -ista in the process of using -’ico on it.

Resumen El sufijo -ístico es anómalo en español en su forma porque tiene tres sílabas y es esdrújulo. Además, su segmentación puede ser ambigua, ya que se puede describir como resultado de una raíz + -ístico, o como una base terminada en -ista + -´ico. De acuerdo con sus características, este sufijo incumple los principios de la teoría de las preferencias de la morfología natural, particularmente dos: la forma óptima de la unidad y la transparencia morfotáctica. Por lo anterior, el sufijo -ístico resulta antinatural según este enfoque. En este artículo, propongo un análisis de -ístico como el resultado de la combinación de una base terminada en -ista + -ico, siguiendo la noción de solidaridad morfológica que también explico en este trabajo (Beniers 1996). Estos afijos se encuentran en una relación solidaria, de la que se sigue que no es necesario observar una palabra derivada con -ista en el proceso para emplear el sufijo -’ico sobre ella.

Abstract The present work focuses on a construction in Spanish, censured by grammarians, which combines the morphology of the analytical or periphrastic passive (ser ‘be’ + participle) with the multifunctional reflexive morpheme se and typically serves to generalize over processes affecting classes of things or groups of individuals (La energía incrementa cuando se es contenida ‘Energy increases when (it is) contained’). Our interest in the genesis of the construction leads us to locate its source in a regular structure of the language, known as the “impersonal reflexive with a passive clause”, wherein se marks the unspecified identity of the patient subject (cuando se es amado…‘when one is loved...’). Viewed from this angle, the “deviant” feature of the construction in study thus resides in the introduction of an explicit subject, which has the effect of erasing the impersonal character of the source and of altering the function of se in ways that will impose a reference to the so-called reflexive passive of Spanish. In the second part of our research, we seek to account for the productivity of the anomalous construction, discovered through our perusal in Google, by calling attention to the instrumental role played by the participle in allowing shifts of perspective between passive actions and resulting states. We discuss some examples to corroborate our hypothesis, highlight the expansion of the construction to non-generic contexts and, as our final task, take on the challenge of having to explain how the anomalous passive comes to be used with intransitive unaccusative verbs, as evidenced in the data of our corpus.

Resumen Este trabajo se centra en una construcción en español, censurada por los gramáticos, que combina la morfología de la pasiva perifrástica (ser + participio) con el multifuncional morfema reflexivo se y típicamente sirve para generalizar sobre procesos que afectan a clases de cosas o grupos de individuos (La energía incrementa cuando se es contenida). El interés por la formación de la construcción nos lleva a situar su origen en una estructura regular del idioma, conocida como “impersonal refleja con oración pasiva”, en la que se marca la indeterminación del sujeto paciente (cuando se es amado…). Desde este punto de vista, la “desviación” que manifiesta la construcción en estudio radica en la introducción de un sujeto explícito, con el efecto de que se borra el carácter impersonal del modelo original y se altera a la vez la función de se, que pasa a relacionarse con la llamada pasiva refleja del español. En la segunda parte de nuestra investigación, nos proponemos arrojar luz sobre la productividad de la construcción anómala, que desplegaron nuestras búsquedas en Google, apuntando al papel instrumental que juega el participio en propiciar cambios de perspectiva entre acciones pasivas y estados resultantes. Analizamos algunos ejemplos que ayudan a corroborar nuestra hipótesis, destacamos la expansión de la construcción a contextos no-genéricos y, finalmente, nos damos a la tarea de explicar cómo la pasiva anómala llega a utilizarse con verbos intransitivos inacusativos, según reflejan los datos recopilados para nuestro estudio.

Resumo Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel do fenofibrato, um agonista do receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissoma-α, na lesão renal induzida por obesidade (lipotoxicidade) em camundongos submetidos à uninefrectomia. Métodos: Camundongos C57BL/6 foram submetidos a uninefrectomia e cirurgias simuladas (sham) e alimentados com dietas normocalóricas ou rica em gordura. Após 10 semanas, os camundongos obesos receberam fenofibrato a 0,02% por 10 semanas. Avaliamos função e morfologia renal, bem como níveis de mediadores inflamatórios e fibróticos e marcadores do metabolismo lipídico. Resultados: Camundongos alimentados com dieta rica em gordura desenvolveram obesidade e hiperlipidemia características, com subsequente acúmulo de lipídios e danos renais, incluindo expansão mesangial, fibrose intersticial, inflamação e proteinúria. Essas alterações foram maiores em camundongos obesos uninefrectomizados do que em camundongos obesos sham. O tratamento com fenofibrato preveniu hiperlipidemia e lesões glomerulares, reduziu o acúmulo de lipídios, melhorou a disfunção renal e atenuou a inflamação e fibrose renal. Além disso, o tratamento com fenofibrato reduziu a expressão no tecido renal do inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio-1, da proteína quimiotática de monócitos-1 e a expressão local do fator de crescimento de fibroblastos-21. Conclusão: A ativação do receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissoma-α pelo fenofibrato, com subsequente lipólise, atenuou lesões glomerulares e tubulointersticiais induzidas por lipotoxicidade renal, protegendo, assim, os rins de camundongos uninefrectomizados contra lesões induzidas por obesidade. Os achados do estudo sugerem uma via na ação farmacológica do fenofibrato, fornecendo insights sobre os mecanismos envolvidos no dano renal causado pela obesidade em doadores renais. Introdução peroxissomaα, peroxissomaα peroxissoma α, α (lipotoxicidade Métodos C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ sham (sham 1 semanas 002 0 02 0,02 lipídico Resultados características renais mesangial intersticial proteinúria disso plasminogênio1, plasminogênio1 plasminogênio 1, plasminogênio-1 monócitos1 monócitos monócitos- fibroblastos21. fibroblastos21 fibroblastos 21. 21 fibroblastos-21 Conclusão lipólise protegendo assim 00 0,0 plasminogênio- fibroblastos2 2 fibroblastos-2 0, fibroblastos-

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist, in obesity-induced kidney damage (lipotoxicity) in mice with uninephrectomy. Methods: C57BL/6 mice underwent uninephrectomy and sham surgeries and were fed normocaloric or high-fat diets. After 10 weeks, obese mice were administered 0.02% fenofibrate for 10 weeks. Kidney function and morphology were evaluated, as well as levels of inflammatory and fibrotic mediators and lipid metabolism markers. Results: High-fat diet-fed mice developed characteristic obesity and hyperlipidemia, with subsequent renal lipid accumulation and damage, including mesangial expansion, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and proteinuria. These changes were greater in obese uninephrectomy mice than in obese sham mice. Fenofibrate treatment prevented hyperlipidemia and glomerular lesions, lowered lipid accumulation, ameliorated renal dysfunction, and attenuated inflammation and renal fibrosis. Furthermore, fenofibrate treatment downregulated renal tissue expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and local expression of fibroblast growth factor-21. Conclusion: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation by fenofibrate, with subsequent lipolysis, attenuated glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions induced by renal lipotoxicity, thus protecting the kidneys of uninephrectomy mice from obesity-induced lesions. The study findings suggest a pathway in the pharmacological action of fenofibrate, providing insight into the mechanisms involved in kidney damage caused by obesity in kidney donors. Introduction proliferatoractivated proliferator activated receptorα receptor α agonist obesityinduced lipotoxicity (lipotoxicity Methods C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ highfat high fat diets 1 weeks 002 0 02 0.02 evaluated markers Results Highfat High dietfed diet expansion fibrosis proteinuria dysfunction Furthermore inhibitor1, inhibitor1 inhibitor 1, inhibitor-1 protein1, protein1 protein protein-1 factor21. factor21 factor 21. 21 factor-21 Conclusion lipolysis donors 00 0.0 inhibitor- protein- factor2 2 factor-2 0. factor-

Resumen El Valle de Comayagua en Honduras, ubicado en las coordenadas 14˚38’44.73” N y 87˚38’04.90” O, destaca por su altitud de 630 metros sobre el nivel del mar y su extensión de 52 km de largo por 15 km de ancho, abarcando 535 km². Carece de estudios que aborden su unidad territorial y geomorfológica. La investigación busca identificar y analizar la forma y elementos físicos naturales mediante el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, trazando ríos, elaborando modelos de elevación digital y creando perfiles topográficos. Los resultados revelan elementos clave para comprender la ocupación y uso del territorio.

Resumo O Vale de Comayagua em Honduras, localizado nas coordenadas 14˚38’44.73” N e 87˚38’04.90” O, destaca-se por sua altitude de 630 metros acima do nível do mar e sua extensão de 52 km de comprimento por 15 km de largura, abrangendo 535 km². Carece de estudos que abordem sua unidade territorial e geomorfológica. A pesquisa busca identificar e analisar a forma e os elementos físicos naturais por meio do uso de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, traçando rios, elaborando modelos de elevação digital e criando perfis topográficos. Os resultados revelam elementos-chave para compreender a ocupação e o uso do território.

Abstract The Comayagua Valley in Honduras, located at coordinates 14˚38’44.73” N and 87˚38’04.90” W, stands out for its altitude of 630 meters above sea level and its dimensions of 52 km in length by 15 km in width, covering an area of 535 km². Despite its economic and connectivity importance, there is a lack of studies addressing its territorial and geomorphological unity and a characterization of its current territorial morphology. The objective of the research is to identify and analyze the shape and natural physical elements that define the Comayagua Valley. To achieve this, Geographic Information Systems tools were used to analyze river layouts, create a digital elevation model, and generate topographic profiles. The main results of this analysis reveal the natural physical elements that shape the valley, which are of vital geo-historical importance for understanding the processes of occupation and land use in the valley.

Abstract Introduction: Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit) is one of the most promising exotic tropical fruits from the diversity of the Passifloraceae family in South America, because of its organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. Objective: To evaluate the physiological and anatomical responses of banana passionfruit plants under water deficit to better understand the mechanisms that mitigate this stress and affect the production of crops subject to climate change and global warming. Methods: Three-month-old seedlings of banana passionfruit were subjected to a soil water deficit through an irrigation reduction at 70 % for 49 days under greenhouse conditions. Morphology (leaf area, height, and number of leaves) and physiological (stomatal conductance, Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll content) measurements were made through time, and after the irrigation treatments were measured biomass parameters and anatomical foliar traits. Results: The plants experienced a decrease in height, leaf area, number of leaves, leaf area index, and relative water content, that are common responses in plants subjected to reduced irrigation. Additionally, the plants exhibited certain mechanisms that can be attributed to water deficit tolerance such as higher root:shoot ratio, stomatal closing, an increase in stomatal density, a reduction in mesophyll tissue thickness, and a decrease in the number of vessels and its diameter as they enable the banana passionfruit to reduce water loss and decrease the probability of cavitation in xylem vessels. Conclusions: banana passionfruit plants could implement strategies against water scarcity, allowing them to survive and endure challenging environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit - curuba) es una de las frutas tropicales exóticas de la diversidad de la familia Passifloraceae en Sudamérica, promisoria por sus propiedades organolépticas y actividad antioxidante. Objetivo: Evaluar las respuestas fisiológicas y anatómicas de la curuba bajo déficit hídrico con el fin de comprender mejor los mecanismos que mitigan este estrés y afectan la producción de sus cultivos, que están sujetos al cambio climático y al calentamiento global. Métodos: Plántulas de 3 meses de edad se sometieron a un déficit hídrico mediante una reducción del riego al 70 % durante 49 días en condiciones de invernadero. Se realizaron mediciones morfológicas (área foliar, altura y número de hojas) y fisiológicas (conductancia estomática, Fv/Fm, contenido de clorofilas) a lo largo del tiempo, y transcurridos los tratamientos de irrigación se midieron parámetros de biomasa, además de rasgos anatómicos foliares. Resultados: Las plantas experimentaron una disminución en la altura, área foliar, número de hojas, índice de área foliar y contenido relativo de agua, respuestas comunes en plantas sometidas a una irrigación reducida. Adicionalmente, las plantas exhibieron ciertos mecanismos que pueden atribuirse a la tolerancia al déficit hídrico tales como una mayor relación raíz:vástago, cierre de estomas, un aumento en la densidad estomática, una reducción en el grosor del tejido del mesófilo y una disminución en el número de vasos del xilema y su diámetro; pues le permiten a la curuba disminuir la pérdida de agua y reducir la probabilidad de cavitación en los vasos del xilema. Conclusiones: Las plantas de la curuba tienen la capacidad de implementar estrategias de mitigación frente al déficit hídrico, lo que les permite sobrevivir y soportar condiciones ambientales desafiantes.

Abstract: Background: One specimen collected in Yoloxóchitl (San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, Mexico) was initially reviewed by Michael Nee, who suggested that it could be a new species of the genus Cestrum, and commissioned to the first author to describe it. Questions: Do Cestrum populations from San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, correspond to a new species for science? Studied species: Cestrum sp. nov. Study site and dates: Yoloxóchitl, Municipality of San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero; 2023-2024. Methods: The specialized bibliography on the genus Cestrum was examined, from which a list of species with similar morphology to the studied species was compiled, all of which were examined using high resolution digital photographs. A botanical exploration was carried out, locating three populations. A morphological analysis was conducted with the collected material. Results: Cestrum amithii is defined as a new species for science. This new species presents many differences in terms of floral and foliar characters from the other species of the genus. The most outstanding is its spathaceous calyx, which is markedly asymmetrical and large, with evident ribs and two to three lobes. C. amithii is known only from Yoloxóchitl, Guerrero, where it grows in sub-deciduous tropical forest vegetation, at elevations of 530-630 m asl. It is associated with seasonal streams and creeks. Conclusions: With this new discovery, the number of Cestrum species in the flora of Guerrero state increases to 16.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Un ejemplar colectado en Yoloxóchitl (San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, México) fue anteriormente revisado por Michael Nee, quien sugirió que podría tratarse de una nueva especie del género Cestrum, y concedió al primer autor su descripción. Preguntas: Las poblaciones de Cestrum de San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, corresponden a una nueva especie para la ciencia? Especies de estudio: Cestrum sp. nov. Sitio y años de estudio: Yoloxóchitl, Municipio de San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero; 2023-2024. Métodos: Se examinó bibliografía especializada en el género, obteniendo una lista de especies con morfología similar a la especie en estudio, las cuales se examinaron por medio de fotografías digitales de alta resolución. Se realizó una exploración botánica, ubicando tres poblaciones. Se realizó un análisis morfológico con el material colectado. Resultados: Se define a Cestrum amithii como una especie nueva para la ciencia, endémica de la comunidad de Yoloxóchitl, Guerrero. La nueva especie presenta diversas diferencias en cuanto a caracteres florales y foliares respecto a las otras especies del género, la más destacada es el cáliz espatáceo, éste es marcadamente asimétrico, de grandes dimensiones, con costillas evidentes y dos o tres lóbulos. C. amithii es endémica de México, distribuida en vegetación de bosque tropical subcaducifolio, en elevación de 530-630 m snm, sobre arroyos y corrientes estacionales. Conclusiones: Con este nuevo descubrimiento, en la flora del estado de Guerrero se contabilizan 16 especies del género Cestrum.

Abstract Background: Maize landraces show remarkable diversity and environmental adaptability in Mexico. Nevertheless, few studies have explored physiological mechanisms used by different maize landraces to grow and yield in a particular agroecological region. Question: How do three landrace maize populations from contrasting maize races in southeastern Mexico, differ in their responses in terms of growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and gas exchange? Studied species: Zea mays L. Study site and date: Yucatan, Mexico; 2017. Methods: The field experiment followed a complete randomized block design, with six replicates. Three contrasting maize landraces were evaluated as treatments. Response variables were vegetative traits, dry matter allocation, yield components, and maize physiological responses. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Maize landraces showed differences in cycle length, plant morphology, and yield performance. The long cycle maize landrace Xnuc-naal, had tall plants that accumulated 17 and 21 % more dry matter than Xmejen-naal and Elotillo, respectively. The short-cycle maize landraces Elotillo and Xmejen-naal exhibit superior physiological responses leading to higher grain yields compared to the Xnuc-naal. Conclusions: The landrace Xnuc-naal stood out for its ability in forage production, whereas Elotillo and Xmejen-naal exhibited notable physiological efficiency in grain production in southeastern Mexico.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las razas nativas de maíz muestran una notable diversidad y adaptabilidad en México. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han explorado los mecanismos fisiológicos utilizados por las diferentes razas de maíz para crecer y producir en una región agroecológica en particular. Pregunta: ¿Cómo difieren en sus respuestas en cuanto a crecimiento, fluorescencia de la clorofila e intercambio de gases tres variedades de maíz que provienen de razas contrastantes del sureste de México? Especie estudiada: Zea mays L. Sitio y fecha del estudio: Yucatán, México; 2017. Métodos: El experimento de campo siguió un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorios, con seis repeticiones. Se evaluaron tres variedades nativas de maíz contrastantes como tratamientos. Las variables de respuesta fueron rasgos vegetativos, distribución de materia seca, componentes del rendimiento y respuestas fisiológicas de las variedades de maíz. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA de una vía y la prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey (P ≤ 0.05). Resultados: Las variedades locales de maíz mostraron diferencias en la duración del ciclo, morfología de la planta y rendimiento. La variedad tardía Xnuc-naal, tuvo plantas altas que acumularon un 17 y 21 % más materia seca que Xmejen-naal y Elotillo, respectivamente. Las variedades precoces Elotillo y Xmejen-naal exhibieron una respuesta fisiológica superior que llevó a un rendimiento de grano superior al de Xnuc-naal. Conclusiones: La variedad de maíz Xnuc-naal destacó por su capacidad para la producción de forraje, mientras que Elotillo y Xmejen-naal demostraron una eficiencia fisiológica notable en la producción de grano en el sureste de México.

Abstract: Background: Plants emit floral signals that are attractive to pollinators. Floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered a key signal in attracting pollinators. However, it has been scarcely explored whether flowers of the same color emit the same scent. Questions: Do different species of Salvia with white corolla flowers emit the same floral scent and attract the same floral visitors? Study species: Salvia assurgens and Salvia madrigalii, two species with white corolla but different floral morphology. Study site: Temperate forest southeast of Morelia, Michoacán. Methods: The floral scent was analyzed by gas/mass chromatography and floral visitor observations were carried out with video cameras. Results: The chemical profile of floral scent (composition and relative quantity) differed between S. assurgens and S. madrigalii. In S. madrigalii we found 16 VOCs and it was visited exclusively by the hummingbird Amazilia beryllina, and in S. assurgens we found 11 VOCs and it was visited by four species of insects, being the butterfly Thorybes dorantes the most frequent visitor. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that floral volatiles were significantly correlated with the visitation rate of floral visitors. Conclusions: Our study shows evidence that Salvia species with white corolla flowers with different morphology emit different floral scents and attract particular floral visitors.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las plantas emiten señales florales que resultan atractivas para los polinizadores. Los compuestos volátiles orgánicos florales (COVs), son considerados como una señal clave en la atracción de polinizadores. Sin embargo, ha sido escasamente explorado si las flores de especies del mismo género con el mismo color emiten el mismo aroma y atraen a los mismos visitantes florales. Preguntas: ¿Las especies de Salvia con flores de corola blanca, emiten el mismo aroma floral y a su vez atraen a los mismos visitantes florales? Especie de estudio: Salvia assurgens y S. madrigalii, dos especies de corola blanca pero con distinta morfología floral. Sitio de estudio: Bosque templado al sureste de Morelia, Michoacán. Métodos: El aroma floral se analizó por cromatografía de gases/masas y la observación de visitantes florales se realizó con cámaras de video. Resultados: El perfil químico del aroma floral (composición y cantidad relativa de COVs) difirió significativamente entre S. assurgens y S. madrigalii. En S. madrigalii encontramos 16 COVs y fue visitada exclusivamente por el colibrí Amazilia beryllina y en S. assurgens encontramos 11 COVs y fue visitada por cuatro especies de insectos, siendo el más frecuente la mariposa Thorybes dorantes. El análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC) mostró que los volátiles florales se correlacionaron significativamente con la frecuencia de visita de los visitantes florales. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra evidencia que las flores blancas de Salvia de distintas especies con distinta morfología emiten diferente aroma floral y a su vez atrae a visitantes florales particulares.