BACKGROUND: As a medium of exchange, money enables the transfer of economic value and forms the basis of financial transactions. The transition from the third to the fourth industrial revolution has brought about technologies such as blockchain and cryptocurrencies that are transforming monetary transactions and methods of payments. OBJECTIVES: This article discusses an exploratory qualitative study into the use of the blockchain technology to facilitate the processes and payments related to land and landed property administration. METHOD: Nineteen semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with role-players who are involved in an authoritative capacity in the current property transfer process. FINDINGS: The findings show that blockchain technologies could significantly improve the processes involved in maintaining the electronic records associated with landed property. Blockchain technology has only been associated with cryptocurrencies before, and the argument advanced is that fiat currency should be able to be used with the same technology. To maintain the integrity of the property register, the deeds office and the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) must remain in control of the processes. Irrevocable payments should be made against registration confirmation, thus replacing the current paper-based processes with electronic records. CONCLUSION: Blockchain technologies can be used with fiat currency and should be considered for ownership tracking of immovable property.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, much has been written about how to present a compelling business case. But, if just one critical piece of information is overlooked, it can lead to the wrong decision being taken. This article aims to minimise the risk. It stems from research conducted into how the business case can be used more effectively to improve the success rate of information technology (IT) or information technology or business (ITB) projects. The business case, usually a document, indicates whether the investment in money and resources is justified, prior to or at any time during the project. 'Effective use' involves using certain business case processes throughout the ITB project's lifetime. Here, the life cycle refers only to the IT component of the project. The lifetime is longer, extending from initial proposal until all benefits have been realised. However, it is found that the processes are not easy to adhere to, a probable cause being the lack of relevant information OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine what information is needed to drive the business case processes before, during and after the IT deliverables are produced METHOD: The information types are derived from a structured review of literature related to the business case RESULTS: Details of the information types to create the business case are presented and related back to the business case content elements. Further information types that only arise during planning and subsequent tracking of the business case are also presented CONCLUSION: For sound project governance, underpinned by effective use of the business case, it is essential to know what information needs to be gathered throughout the project's lifetime. While knowing the processes and their relevant information is essential, further research is needed into the organisational factors that either facilitate, or inhibit such information gathering

O modo como os turistas se movem no espaço e no tempo faz parte e, ao mesmo tempo, molda a sua experiência de viagem. No contexto urbano, os turistas costumam incluir várias atrações nos seus itinerários intradestino. A compreensão do comportamento espaciotemporal dos turistas pode ajudar a melhorar a qualidade da sua experiência, bem como fornecer informações úteis para a gestão de atrações e destinos. No entanto, o comportamento espaciotemporal dos turistas é um fenómeno complexo, influenciado por inúmeros fatores relativos quer ao destino, quer aos próprios turistas. A distância percorrida do país de origem até ao destino foi empiricamente identificada como um desses fatores que influenciam o comportamento espaciotemporal do turista. Os visitantes originários de locais de residência mais distantes investem mais tempo e dinheiro na sua viagem; portanto, a busca de variedade e de múltiplos benefícios, a redução do risco e de incerteza e a racionalização económica pode impactar a sua atividade espaço-tempo. No entanto, nenhuma pesquisa examinou antes especificamente o impacto da distância percorrida a partir do país de origem sobre o comportamento espaciotemporal do turista em contexto urbano. Este artigo preenche esta lacuna teórica e empírica, por meio de uma dupla análise de rastreamento GPS e de um inquérito junto de turistas (n = 413) alojados em dez diferentes hotéis em Lisboa. Os testes de hipóteses permitiram identificar diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os turistas que viajaram de curta distância e os turistas de longa distância quanto ao seu comportamento espaciotemporal na visita a este destino urbano.

The way tourists move in space and time is part of their travel experience while at the same time moulding it. In the urban context, tourists usually include multiple attractions on their intra-destination itineraries. Understanding tourists’ spatiotemporal behaviour may help improve the quality of their experience as well as provide useful information to the management of attractions and destination. Nevertheless, tourists’ spatiotemporal behaviour is a complex phenomenon, influenced by numerous factors related to both destination and tourists. Distance travelled from country of origin has been empirically found as one of these factors influencing tourist spatiotemporal behaviour. Visitors from more distant residential locations invest more time and money in their trip; therefore, variety/multiple benefit seeking, risk and uncertainty reduction and economic rationalization may impact their time-space activity. However, there has been no research examining the impact of distance travelled from country of origin specifically on tourist spatiotemporal behaviour in an urban setting. This article fills this gap both theoretically and empirically, through a dual analysis of a time-space GPS tracking study and a survey, conducted among tourists (n=413) staying at 10 different hotels in Lisbon. Hypothesis testing allowed the identification of statistically significant differences between long-haulers and short-haulers in their spatiotemporal behaviour when visiting this urban destination.

Software development group effectiveness depends on many factors, and understanding those factors is vital to project success, especially when considering the time and money that is dedicated to said projects.  Therefore, this study examines the role of worker tenure and employment heterogeneity on exploration and exploitation work completed within an organization’s software development group.  Analysis of time tracking data within one financial services organization over a three years period demonstrates that worker tenure and employment heterogeneity do play an important role in shaping work activities.  Worker tenure exhibited a negative relationship with exploration and exploitation activities, suggesting a critical mechanism through which an organization can elicit innovative and incremental development efforts.  Further, the positive effect of employment heterogeneity on exploration and exploitation suggests that employment diversity can also provide a means to encourage innovative and incremental development activities.  Findings highlight the notion that group composition plays a meaningful role in shaping the focus of software development work within an organization.