RESUMO: A lesma invasora Meghimatium pictum (Stoliczka, 1873) (Stylommathophora: Philomycidae) é originária da Ásia e foi introduzida em países latino-americanos como Argentina e Brasil, onde é considerada uma praga hortícola severa. Esta espécie também se tornou um hospedeiro intermediário do nematoide Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera & Céspedes, 1971 (Strongylida: Metastrongylidae), que pode causar a infecção angiostrongilíase abdominal em humanos quando ingerido o molusco ou frutas e vegetais contendo o seu muco contaminado com larvas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os parâmetros biológicos do ciclo de vida de M. pictum e avaliar sua preferência alimentar para entender o comportamento da espécie e fornecer informações sobre a escolha futura de métodos mais seguros de manejo e controle desta praga. Observamos que 68 e 75% das lesmas agrupadas e isoladas, respectivamente, sobreviveram 26 semanas (180 dias) em condições de laboratório. Além disso, os indivíduos mantidos isolados apresentaram maior massa corporal (2,8 ± 0,6 g), comprimento (3,3 ± 0,8 cm) e largura (0,37 ± 0,3 cm) do que os espécimes agrupados. Também descobrimos que M. pictum tem crescimento indeterminado e ciclo reprodutivo anual. Com relação à preferência alimentar, a alface foi bem aceita pelas lesmas em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (recém-nascido, juvenil e adulto). Nosso estudo apresenta a primeira descrição do ciclo de vida de M. pictum. Concluímos que M. pictum possui parâmetros biológicos indefinidos, com ciclo de vida longo o que dificulta sua criação em laboratório. No entanto, também demonstramos seu potencial como praga para diferentes culturas hortícolas, o que exigirá o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo. RESUMO Stoliczka, Stoliczka (Stoliczka 1873 Stylommathophora (Stylommathophora Philomycidae latinoamericanos latino americanos Brasil severa Céspedes 197 Strongylida (Strongylida Metastrongylidae, Metastrongylidae , Metastrongylidae) larvas M 6 75 isoladas respectivamente 2 180 (18 dias laboratório disso 2,8 28 8 (2, 06 0 0, g, g g) 3,3 33 3 (3, 08 cm 0,37 037 37 (0,3 03 agrupados anual recémnascido, recémnascido recém nascido, nascido (recém-nascido adulto. adulto . adulto) indefinidos entanto hortícolas 187 19 7 18 (1 2, (2 3, (3 (0, 1 ( (0

ABSTRACT: The invasive chinese slug Meghimatiumpictum (Stoliczka, 1873) (Stylommathophora: Philomycidae) is originally from Asia, and it has been introduced in Latin American countries like Argentina and Brazil, where it is considered a critical horticultural pest. This species also became an intermediate host for the nematode AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera&Cespedes, 1971(Strongylida: Metastrongylidae), which can cause abdominal angiostrongyliasis in humans when ingested molluscs or their mucus containing larvae released on fruit and vegetables. This research aimed to investigate the biological parameters of the life cycle of M. pictum and evaluate its food preference to understand the species’ behavior and provide information on the choice of safer pest management and control methods. We observed that 68 and 75% of the grouped and isolated slugs, respectively, survived 26 weeks (180 days) under laboratory conditions. In addition, the individuals kept isolated had higher body mass (2.8 ± 0.6 g), length (3.3 ± 0.8 cm), and width (0.37 ± 0.3 cm) than grouped specimens. We also found that M. pictum has indeterminate growth and an annual reproductive cycle. Concerning food preference, slugs better accepted lettuce at different developmental stages (neonate, juvenile, and adult). Our study presents the first description of the M. pictum life cycle. We concluded that M. pictum has undefined biological parameters, which hampers its laboratory rearing. However, we also demonstrate its potential as a pest for different horticultural crops, which will require the development of management strategies. ABSTRACT Stoliczka, Stoliczka (Stoliczka 1873 Stylommathophora (Stylommathophora Philomycidae Asia Brazil AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMoreraCespedes AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera Cespedes AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera&Cespedes 1971Strongylida Strongylida 1971 1971(Strongylida Metastrongylidae, Metastrongylidae , Metastrongylidae) vegetables M methods 6 75 respectively 2 180 (18 days conditions addition 2.8 28 8 (2. 06 0 0. g, g g) 3.3 33 3 (3. 08 cm, cm 0.37 037 37 (0.3 03 specimens neonate, neonate (neonate juvenile adult. adult . adult) rearing However crops strategies 187 197 7 18 (1 2. (2 3. (3 (0. 19 1 ( (0

Abstract: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common viral infection in children, immunocompromised, and sexually active adults. Its usual clinical presentation is 2-5 mm, whitish or skin-colored papules, with a shiny surface and central umbilication, generally clustered and randomly distributed over the skin surface. Dermoscopy reveals yellowish-white polylobulated structures with peripheral telangiectasia. Diagnosis is usually clinical supported by dermoscopy. However, in some cases, inflammatory manifestations can be associated with this infection and can mimic other dermatological conditions, making the diagnosis difficult and leading to unnecessary treatments. The objective of this article is to describe the main skin reactions associated with MC infection in order to provide a diagnostic and initial management tool for clinicians dealing with these conditions. Reported manifestations include the BOTE sign, perilesional eczema, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome-like reaction, ID reaction, erythema annulare centrifugum, erythema multiforme, folliculitis, white halo, and atypical manifestations (giant, disseminated, necrotic, polypoidal, and nodular lesions, pseudocysts, abscesses). In pediatric patients with the clinical manifestations described above, infection by molluscum contagiosum pox virus should be considered among the differential diagnoses, and referral to a dermatologist should be made in selected cases.

Resumen: El molusco contagioso (MC) es una infección viral frecuente en niños, inmunodeprimidos y adultos sexualmente activos. Su presentación clínica característica son pápulas blanquecinas o color piel de superficie brillante y umbilicación central, de 2 a 5 mm de diámetro, generalmente agrupadas y distribuidas de forma aleatoria en la superficie cutánea. A la dermatoscopia destacan estructuras polilo- buladas blancas-amarillentas con telangiectasias periféricas. Su diagnóstico suele ser clínico apoyado por la dermatoscopia. Sin embargo, ocasionalmente, puede presentarse asociado a reacciones inflamatorias, simulando otras condiciones dermatológicas, lo que dificulta el diagnóstico y puede llevar al uso de tratamientos innecesarios. El objetivo de esta actualidad es describir las principales reacciones cutáneas secundarias a la infección por MC, con el fin de otorgar una herramienta diagnóstica y de manejo inicial para los médicos que se enfrentan a estas condiciones. Entre las manifestaciones reportadas se describe el signo del BOTE, dermatitis por molusco, reacción Gianotti Crostilike, reacción ID, eritema anular centrífugo, eritema multiforme, foliculitis, halo pálido y manifestaciones atípicas (lesiones gigantes, diseminadas, necróticas, polipoidales, nodulares, pseudoquistes, abscesos). En pacientes pediátricos en que vemos las manifestaciones clínicas anteriormente descritas se debe tener presente la infección por virus pox del molusco contagioso dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales, y derivar al dermatólogo oportunamente en casos seleccionados.

Resumen El control de malas hierbas es uno de los mayores desafíos en la producción de arroz, siendo la limitación agronómica más importante. El caracol manzana (Pomacea maculata) es la principal plaga de gasterópodos en arrozales depredando las plántulas de arroz en estadios juveniles. El propósito del estudio es evaluar la utilidad del uso del caracol manzana para controlar las malas hierbas en el cultivo del arroz, para ello se realizaron ensayos en los que se evaluó nuevas técnicas de captura y gestión del molusco para el óptimo desherbado de los campos de arroz con distintas técnicas de cultivo, como son la siembra en seco, la siembra en inundación y el trasplante. Las combinaciones de dichas técnicas son evaluadas en cuanto a su efecto tanto en el control del caracol, como en el control de malas hierbas y los efectos sobre la producción del propio arroz, usando como control parcelas tratadas con extracto de saponinas de Camelia sp.. En siembra en seco se obtiene un buen desarrollo del cultivo y una buena aportación de caracol manzana tanto cuando se usan trampas para regular las poblaciones del caracol (reducción de malas hierbas del 77,4%), como cuando no (reducción de 96,77%). Mientras que, en siembra en inundación y trasplante, se obtiene un valor cercano de eliminación del 100% de las malas hierbas. El caracol manzana resulta ser una alternativa agroecológica adecuada para el control de malas hierbas, en especial en siembra en seco y trasplante.

Abstract Weed control is one of the major challenges in rice production, being the most important agronomic constraint. The apple snail (Pomacea maculata) is the main gastropod pest in rice fields predating rice seedlings in juvenile stages. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the biological use of the apple snail to control weeds in rice. Field trials were carried out to evaluate new techniques of capture and management of the mollusc for optimal weeding of rice fields with different rice cultivation techniques, such as dry seeding, wet seeding and transplanting. Combinations of these techniques are evaluated for their effect on snail control, weed control and effects on rice production, using plots treated with the molluscicide saponin (Camelia sp. seed extract) as a control. In dry sowing, good crop development and a good contribution of apple snails were obtained both when using snail traps (77.4% weed reduction) and when not using them (96.77% reduction). In wet seeding and transplanting, a solid contribution of the apple snail was obtained in the reduction of weeds of 100%; although in transplanting it is necessary to eliminate the snail captured with traps to avoid affecting the rice. The apple snail management is an agroecological alternative for the control of weeds plants, especially in the case of rice.

Resumo: Um dos impactos ambientais mais comuns que tem causado efeitos irreversíveis nos ecossistemas é a introdução de espécies exóticas. Além dos desastres ecológicos que podem ser provocados, como o declínio e a extinção de espécies nativas, este fenómeno pode gerar perdas económicas significativas e a possibilidade de propagação de parasitas que são transmitidos por estas espécies exóticas. Esses processos podem ser acentuados pelas mudanças climáticas, que ao longo do tempo alteram o padrão de distribuição global das espécies afetadas, gerando casos de sobreposição de nicho com espécies que compartilham nichos semelhantes. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento sobre as áreas com possível ocorrência dessas espécies pode direcionar as medidas de monitoramento e controle. Neste estudo, desenvolvemos modelos de previsão atuais e futuros para identificar áreas de adequabilidade na região Neotropical para Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) e nove espécies de moluscos nativos do continente americano, utilizando a ferramenta de modelagem de nicho ecológico. Além disso, avaliamos a sobreposição de nicho ecológico entre a espécie invasora e as espécies nativas de moluscos de água doce para verificar se os efeitos das mudanças climáticas alterariam a distribuição desses organismos. Para a elaboração dos modelos de predição, foram adotados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: registros de ocorrência dos moluscos em diferentes bases de dados e busca de dados ambientais para condições climáticas em cenários atuais e futuros no WorldClim 2.0 (SSP2-4.5 e SSP2-8.5). Além disso, foram realizados procedimentos de modelagem utilizando sete pacotes do software R, avaliação dos modelos utilizando a métrica True Skill Statistic (TSS), construção de mapas e quantificação e sobreposição de nicho ecológico das espécies incluídas na análise. Os resultados indicaram que várias áreas da região Neotropical são adequadas para a ocorrência de M. tuberculata nos cenários atuais. Além disso, as áreas adequadas para a sua ocorrência serão provavelmente alargadas em ambos os cenários futuros. Para as espécies nativas, houve diferenças significativas em relação às áreas de aptidão, com uma redução para algumas espécies. Testes de similaridade de nicho indicaram sobreposição significativa apenas entre M. tuberculata e o planorbídeo Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848). Verificamos que a expansão de M. tuberculata pode ter consequências negativas, incluindo a redução de espécies nativas de gastrópodes e a disseminação de trematódeos de importância médica e veterinária que este molusco pode transmitir. Resumo exóticas provocados afetadas semelhantes sentido controle estudo Müller, Müller (Müller 1774 americano disso organismos predição metodológicos 20 2 0 2. SSP24.5 SSP245 SSP SSP2 4.5 4 5 (SSP2-4. SSP28.5. SSP285 8.5 . 8 SSP2-8.5) R TSS, TSS , (TSS) análise M aptidão Dunker, Dunker (Dunker 1848. 1848 1848) negativas transmitir 177 SSP24 SSP24. 45 4. (SSP2-4 SSP28 SSP28.5 85 8. SSP2-8.5 (TSS 184 17 (SSP2- SSP28. SSP2-8. 18 1 (SSP2 SSP2-8 (SSP SSP2-

Abstract: One of the most common environmental impacts that has caused irreversible effects on ecosystems is the introduction of exotic species. In addition to the ecological disasters that can be caused, such as the decline and extinction of native species, this phenomenon can generate significant economic losses and the possibility of the spread of parasites that are transmitted by these exotic species. These processes can be accentuated by climate change, which over time alters the global distribution pattern of the affected species, generating cases of niche overlap with species that share similar niches. In this sense, the knowledge about the areas with possible occurrence these species can direct the monitoring and control measures. In this study, we developed current and future prediction models to identify areas of suitability in the Neotropics for Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) and nine species of mollusks native to the American continent using the ecological niche modeling tool. In addition, we evaluated the ecological niche overlap between the invasive species and the native species of freshwater mollusks to verify whether the effects of climate change would alter the distribution of these organisms. The following methodological procedures were adopted to prepare the forecasting models: records of occurrence of the mollusks in different databases and search of environmental data for climate conditions in current and future scenarios in WorldClim 2.0 (SSP2-4.5 and SSP2-8.5). Besides, modeling procedures using seven packages of R software, evaluation of the models using the true skill statistic (TSS) metric, construction of maps and quantification and overlapping of ecological niche of the species included in the analysis. The results indicated that several areas of the Neotropics are suitable for the occurrence of M. tuberculata in the current scenarios. Moreover, the suitable areas for its occurrence will probably be expanded in both future scenarios. For native species, there were significant differences in relation to the areas of suitability, with a reduction for some species. Niche similarity tests indicated significant overlap only between M. tuberculata and the planorbid Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848). We discuss that the expansion of M. tuberculata can have negative consequences, including the reduction of native gastropod species and the spread of trematodes of medical and veterinary importance that this mollusk can transmit. Abstract niches sense measures study Müller, Müller (Müller 1774 tool organisms 20 2 0 2. SSP24.5 SSP245 SSP SSP2 4.5 4 5 (SSP2-4. SSP28.5. SSP285 8.5 . 8 SSP2-8.5) Besides software TSS (TSS metric analysis M Moreover Dunker, Dunker (Dunker 1848. 1848 1848) consequences transmit 177 SSP24 SSP24. 45 4. (SSP2-4 SSP28 SSP28.5 85 8. SSP2-8.5 184 17 (SSP2- SSP28. SSP2-8. 18 1 (SSP2 SSP2-8 (SSP SSP2-

Abstract: Oyster Crassostrea spp. is the bivalve mollusk with the largest commercial volume in Cuba. Populations should be assessed for their management and conservation, which has been performed but with different methodologies and only in certain localities, making it difficult to evaluate and compare between periods and regions. Therefore, current state of the resource was to be determined according to maximum sustainable yield (MSY), biomass for the maximum sustainable yield (BMSY), and corresponding fishing mortality rate (FMSY). Catch Maximum Sustainable Yield (CMSY) model was applied with Monte Carlo method, resource biomass and exploitation were evaluated for northwestern (NW), northeastern (NE), southeastern (SE), and southwestern (SW) regions of the insular platform, as well as for periods (1960-1991 and 1992-2020). From 1992-2020, a 50% reduction in oyster landings was recorded when compared with 1960-1991 period, which was reflected in population indicators according to estimated fishery reference points. Based on applied model and method, current oyster fishery management is perceived as unsustainable with stock depletion and overfishing in NW, NE, and SW regions. Cuban SE region shows a more favorable status. Oyster farming should increase to obtain higher production and broodstock biomass to decrease fishing effort on wild populations.

Resumen: En Cuba, la ostra Crassostrea spp. es el molusco bivalvo de mayor volumen comercial. La evaluación de sus poblaciones es necesaria para su manejo y conservación, pero se ha realizado con diferentes metodologías y solo en localidades puntuales, lo que dificulta su evaluación y comparación entre periodos y regiones. Por lo tanto, se determinó el estado actual del recurso según el rendimiento máximo sostenible (MSY), biomasa para el rendimiento máximo sostenible (BMSY) y la tasa de mortalidad por la pesca (FMSY) correspondiente. Se aplicó el modelo CMSY con método de Monte Carlo, y se evaluó la biomasa y la explotación del recurso para las regiones noroeste (NW), noreste (NE), sureste (SE) y suroeste (SW) de la plataforma insular, así como por periodos (1960-1991 y 1992-2020). Durante 1992-2020 se registró una reducción del 50% en los desembarques de ostras respecto al periodo 1960-1991, lo que se reflejó en los indicadores poblacionales según los puntos de referencia evaluados. De acuerdo con el modelo y método aplicados, la gestión pesquera actual de la ostra se percibe no-sostenible, con agotamiento del stock y sobrepesca en las regiones NW, NE y SW. La región SE del país presenta un estado más favorable. Se sugiere incrementar la ostricultura para obtener mayor producción y biomasa de reproductores para disminuir el esfuerzo de pesca sobre las poblaciones silvestres.

Resumen El carbonato de calcio está presente en muchas estructuras biológicas, como la concha de bivalvo, que se compone principalmente de dos polimorfos de CaCO3: calcita y aragonito. Sin embargo, existen otras formas de carbonato de calcio como vaterita y carbonato de calcio amorfo (ACC) que no se reportan comúnmente. La selección de polimorfos está influenciada por la concentración de sal, los iones cofactores y la presencia de proteínas de la matriz de la cubierta (SMP) que regulan la deposición de carbonato de calcio, entre otros factores. En este estudio, se evaluó la cristalización in vitro de carbonato de calcio de cuatro soluciones salinas diferentes (1: 40 mM CaCl2, MgCl2, 100 mM NaHCO3; 2: CaCl2, 100 mM Na2CO3; 3: 40 mM CaCl2, MgSO4, 100 mM Na2CO3; 4: CaCl2/MgCl2, 100 mM NaHCO3) en dos molaridades (40 o 100 mM)con diferentes concentraciones la proteína Ps19 (0.2, 0.7 y 1.2 µg/µL) una proteína insoluble extraída de la concha de Pteria sterna, descrita anteriormente como promotora de la cristalización de plaquetas de aragonita. Las cristalizaciones in vitro mostraron que Ps19 es capaz de inducir la deposición de aragonita y calcita de forma dependiente de la dosis, pero también de vaterita en determinadas condiciones, actuando como promotor e inhibidor de la cristalización. Los resultados contribuyen a comprender cómo Ps19 controla la precipitación de polimorfos de calcio en el crecimiento de la capa prismática y de nácar de la concha de P. sterna.

Abstract Calcium carbonate is present in many biological structures such as bivalve shells, which is composed mainly of two CaCO3 polymorphs: calcite and aragonite. However, other forms of calcium carbonate exist like vaterite and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) that are not commonly reported. Polymorph selection is influenced by salt concentration, cofactor ions, and the presence of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) which regulates calcium carbonate deposition, among other factors. In this study, in vitro calcium carbonate crystallization of four different saline solutions (1: 40 mM CaCl2, MgCl2, 100 mM NaHCO3; 2: CaCl2, 100 mM Na2CO3; 3: 40 mM CaCl2, MgSO4, 100 mM Na2CO3; 4: CaCl2/MgCl2, 100 mM NaHCO3) at two molarities (40 o 100 mM) was evaluated with increased concentrations of the Ps19 protein (0.2, 0.7 y 1.2 µg/µL), an insoluble extracted protein from the Pteria sterna shell, previously described as a promotor of aragonite platelet crystallization. In vitro crystallizations showed that Ps19 is capable to induce aragonite and calcite deposition in a dose-dependent manner, but also vaterite under certain conditions, acting as a promoter and inhibitor of crystallization. The results contribute to understand how Ps19 control precipitation of calcium polymorphs in the growth of the prismatic and nacre layer of the shell of P. sterna.

RESUMO: A esquistossomose é uma importante doença transmitida por vetor, um hospedeiro intermediário: um molusco de água doce. O controle desses caramujos vetores é uma das estratégias da Organização Mundial da Saúde para controle da doença. O presente estudo foi baseado em uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos publicados sobre o controle biológico de caramujos (gênero Biomphalaria), e teve como objetivo identificar os desafios atuais e propor perspectivas futuras. A metodologia de revisão foi baseada na declaração PRISMA, nas bases de dados internacionais, Web of Science e Scopus, entre 1945-2021. No total, foram analisados 47 artigos, publicados por autores de 14 países diferentes, sendo a maioria: França, Brasil, Estados Unidos e Egito. A estratégia mais utilizada para controle biológico foi a predação por peixes (12 estudos). Quatorze artigos foram publicados na década mais produtiva 2010-2019, durante a qual também houve uma maior diversidade de agentes de controle biológico em estudos. Neste contexto, acreditamos que um dos principais desafios desta abordagem é a utilização simultânea bem-sucedida de múltiplos tipos de agentes de controle biológico: predadores, concorrentes e/ou agentes microbianos. Esta nova abordagem fornece importantes subsídios para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes de controle biológico ou produtos de base microbiana, com o potencial de reduzir a carga parasitária transportada pelo vetor esquistossomose de caramujos e controlar sua transmissão de forma sustentável.

ABSTRACT: Schistosomiasis is an important vector-borne disease transmitted by an intermediate host: a freshwater mollusk. Control of these snail vectors is one of the strategies of the World Health Organization against the disease. The present study was based on a systematic review of published scientific papers concerning the biological control of snails (genus Biomphalaria), and identified the ongoing challenges and propose future perspectives. The review methodology was based on the PRISMA statement, the international databases Web of Science and Scopus for the period 1945-2021. In total, 47 papers were analyzed, published by authors from 14 different countries, the majority being from: France, Brazil, the United States, and Egypt. The most widely used strategy for biological control was predation by fish (12 studies). Fourteen papers were published in the most prolific decade 2010-2019; during which there was also a greater diversity of biological control agents in studies. In this context, we believed that one of the principal challenges of this approach is the successful simultaneous use of multiple types of biological control agent: predators, competitors, and/or microbial agents. This new approach may provide important insights for the development of new biological control agents or microbial-based products, with the potential to reduce the parasite load carried by schistosomiasis snail vector and control its transmission in a sustainable way.

Abstract Teredinids are bivalves mollusks considered the most abundant of invertebrates group of marine wood borers performing an important role in the mangrove environment. This study aimed to characterize the Teredinidae species from the Acaraú River estuary in Ceará and analyse the relationship between the mangrove plant structure and the distribution of Teredinidae, according to gradients estuaries: vertical (flooding) and horizontal (salinity). The collection of mangrove logs with Teredinidae happened in three places within the estuary (inner, median, and upper); in each area, three transects were traced in which three plots were lined off, and a total of 40 logs were collected. Teredinidae species were found and identified: Nausitora fusticula; Neoteredo reynei; Teredo turnerae; Teredo cf. bartschi; Bankia bipennata; Bankia gouldi; Lirodus massa and Lyrodus cf. bipartitus. The Lyrodus cf. bipartitus, Bankia gouldi, and Teredo cf. bartschi species were registered for the first time in Ceará. The distribution and species richness of Teredinidae were directly related to the vertical gradient (flooding) and heterogeneity of the mangrove forest habitat. The data presented here are essential for comprehending the mechanisms responsible for the distribution patterns of the Teredinidae species in the mangrove, contributing to biodiversity conservation in Ceará coastal zones.

Resumo Os teredinídeos são moluscos bivalves considerados o grupo de invertebrados mais abundante de organismos perfuradores de madeira marinha, desempenhando importante papel ecológico nos ambientes de manguezais. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a caracterização das espécies de Teredinidae do estuário do Rio Acaraú, Ceará e analisar a relação da estrutura vegetal do bosque de mangue com a distribuição dos teredinídeos de acordo com os gradientes estuarinos: vertical (inundação) e horizontal (salinidade). A coleta dos troncos de mangue com teredinídeos aconteceu em três pontos do estuário (interior, médio e superior). Em cada ponto foram traçados três transectos nos quais, foram demarcadas três parcelas das quais foram coletados o total de 40 troncos. Foram encontradas e identificadas 8 espécies de Teredinidae: Nausitora fusticula; Neoteredo reynei; Teredo turnerae; Teredo cf. bartschi; Bankia bipennata; Bankia gouldi; Lirodus massa e Lyrodus cf. bipartitus. As espécies Lyrodus cf. bipartitus, Bankia gouldi e Teredo cf. bartschi, foram registradas pela primeira vez no estado. A distribuição e riqueza de espécies de Teredinidae estiveram diretamente relacionadas com o gradiente vertical (inundação) e heterogeneidade de hábitat do bosque de mangue. Os dados aqui apresentados serão importantes para compreensão dos mecanismos responsáveis pelos padrões de distribuição das espécies de Teredinidae nos bosques de mangues, contribuindo para a conservação da biodiversidade em zonas costeiras do Ceará.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com o estudo detectar Cryptosporidium sp. em ostras de cultivo e estoque natural no estado do Maranhão e determinar o(s) tecido(s) eletivo(s) para pesquisa desse protozoário. Para a realização do estudo foram adquiridas 200 ostras de cultivo do município de Raposa e 100 de Paço do Lumiar, além de 100 ostras extraídas de estoque natural do município de Primeira Cruz, totalizando 400 ostras. Estas foram agrupadas em 80 pools constituídos por cinco animais. De cada pool, as brânquias e a massa visceral foram removidas totalizando 160 pools, sendo 80 para o grupo das brânquias e 80 para o grupo de massa visceral. Na sequência, procedeu-se à extração de DNA de cada pool com a utilização de kit comercial com modificações. Posteriormente, realizou-se a detecção do DNA do protozoário por meio da técnica de Nested-PCR. Com a técnica utilizada, foi detectado o DNA do protozoário pesquisado em 2,5% (n=2/80) pools apenas de brânquias, sendo 1,25% pools (n=1/80) oriundos de cultivo e os outros 1,25% (n=1/80) de estoque natural. Com os resultados obtidos nesse estudo, conclui-se que as ostras analisadas do gênero Crassostrea sp., oriundas de cultivo e estoque natural no estado do Maranhão, estavam contaminadas por Cryptosporidium sp. e podem se reverter em fontes potenciais para seres humanos e outros animais. Para a pesquisa de Cryptosporidium sp. em ostras, as brânquias são o tecido eletivo.

ABSTRACT: This study detected Cryptosporidium spp. in cultivated oysters and the natural oyster stock of the state of Maranhão and determine the elective tissue(s) to examine this protozoan. For this purpose, 200 cultivated oysters were purchased from the municipality of Raposa and another 100 from Paço do Lumiar. Additionally, 100 oysters were extracted from the natural stock of the municipality of Primeira Cruz, thus making up a total of 400 oysters. They were grouped into 80 pools consisting of 5 oysters each. From each pool, the gills and visceral mass were removed to obtain 160 pools, 80 pools for the gill group and another 80 for the visceral mass group. Then, DNA was extracted from each pool using a commercial kit with modifications. Subsequently, the protozoan DNA was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction. With this technique, the DNA of the protozoan under investigation was detected in 2.5% (n = 2/80) of the pools containing gills, with 1.25% of the pools (n = 1/80) belonging to the cultivation group of oysters and the other 1.25% (n = 1/80) to the natural stock. With the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that the analyzed oysters of the genus Crassostrea, from cultivation and natural stock groups, found in the state of Maranhão, were contaminated by Cryptosporidium spp. and may become potential sources of infection in humans and other animals. In addition, the gills are the elective tissue for the study of Cryptosporidium spp. in oysters.

ABSTRACT: Austrochlamys natans is a mollusk of commercial importance, which since 1970 has been part of the artisanal fish landings in Magallanes. As a result of the intense exploitation carried out in the 90s, the fishing authority established a permanent ban as of 2001, and there is, until now, no recent precedent on its status. During 2021, a population assessment was carried out in Parry Bay, a historic extraction area located in the Marine Coastal Protected Area of Multiple Uses, Almirantazgo Sound, where this species is subject to conservation. Two direct evaluation campaigns were carried out, making estimates of density, abundance, biomass, population structure and determination of population status using a length-based pseudo-cohort analysis model. The information was contrasted with previous studies, identifying three natural banks, with an area of 150,646 m2 and densities ranging between 102 and 209 individuals/m2. More than 99% of the shoals were made up of adult specimens of reproductive age. The average size and density increased from 72.8 to 75.5 cm of high valve and from 49 to 150 individuals/m2 between 2009 and 2021 respectively, justified by a decrease in fishing pressure and the combined effect of the closure and the creation of the Marine Coastal Protected Area of Multiple Uses. The condition of the stock was a slightly overexploited population (37% virgin biomass) and it was recommended to maintain the current levels of fishing effort to sustain sustainable exploitation. In addition, the creation of a core area was proposed, to carry out research on settlement and connectivity between the identified banks.

RESUMEN: Austrochlamys natans es un molusco de importancia comercial, que desde 1970 ha formado parte de los desembarques pesqueros artesanales en Magallanes. Producto de la intensa explotación efectuada en la década de los 90, la autoridad pesquera estableció una veda permanente a partir del año 2001, no existiendo, hasta ahora, antecedentes recientes sobre su estado. Durante 2021, se realizó una evaluación poblacional en la bahía Parry, zona histórica de extracción ubicada en el Área Marina Costera Protegida de Múltiples Usos, seno Almirantazgo, donde esta especie es objeto de conservación. Se ejecutaron dos campañas de evaluación directa, realizándose estimaciones de densidad, abundancia, biomasa, estructura poblacional y determinación del estatus poblacional utilizando un modelo de análisis de pseudo-cohortes basado en la longitud. La información fue contrastada con estudios anteriores identificándose tres bancos naturales, con una superficie de 150.646 m2 y densidades que oscilaron entre 102 y 209 individuos/m2. Los bancos estaban conformados en más de un 99%, por individuos adultos en edad reproductiva. La talla y densidad promedio, aumentó de 72,8 a 75,5 cm de alto valvar y de 49 a 150 individuos/m2 entre el 2009 y 2021 respectivamente, justificado por una baja en la presión de pesca y el efecto combinado de la veda y la creación del Área Marina Costera Protegida de Múltiples Usos. La condición del stock fue de una población ligeramente sobreexplotada (37% biomasa virginal), se recomienda mantener los actuales niveles de esfuerzo de pesca para sostener una explotación sustentable. Además, se propuso la creación de una zona núcleo, para realizar investigaciones sobre asentamiento y conectividad entre los bancos identificados.

Resumo Achatina fulica é uma espécie nativa da África Oriental, considerada como uma das 100 piores espécies exóticas invasoras do mundo. O presente estudo investigou a população do caracol, A. fulica, em uma área periurbana adjacente à Estação Biológica Fiocruz Mata Atlântica (EFMA), em Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, com foco na dinâmica populacional e os nematódeos associados a este molusco. Para isto, foram realizadas coletas em quatro estações climáticas, dos anos de 2021 e 2022 em três parcelas fixas de 20 m × 10 m. A abundância de A. fulica nessas áreas foi avaliada em relação a um conjunto de variáveis ambientais (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, pH e cálcio do solo). A abundância de moluscos infectados por nematódeos também foi avaliada em relação à estação do ano e tamanho corporal dos espécimes. Os moluscos foram coletados por busca ativa, e padronizadas (15 minutos/três coletores). Larvas de nematódeos foram extraídas dos espécimes por digestão artificial e identificadas por sua morfologia externa e sequenciamento de marcadores moleculares. Um total de 280 espécimes de A. fulica foram coletados durante o presente estudo, com as maiores abundâncias sendo registradas no outono e verão, embora nenhuma relação significativa tenha sido encontrada entre o número de espécimes coletados e as variáveis ambientais. Ao todo, 192 moluscos estavam infectados por nematódeos: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Cruzia tentaculata, e nematódeos de vida livre, incluindo Caenorhabditis briggsae. Esses resultados demonstram a importância epidemiológica da área de estudo e a necessidade de implementar medidas educativas na comunidade, com o objetivo de controlar a população local de A. fulica, minimizando assim o risco de infecção parasitária na população humana local. Oriental mundo caracol EFMA, EFMA , (EFMA) Jacarepaguá Janeiro Brasil molusco isto climáticas 202 2 1 temperatura, temperatura (temperatura ar solo. solo . solo) ativa 15 (1 minutostrês minutos coletores. coletores coletores) moleculares 28 verão todo 19 cantonensis tentaculata livre briggsae comunidade (EFMA (

Abstract Achatina fulica is a species native to East Africa, considered one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world. The present study investigated the population of the snail, A. fulica, in a peri-urban area adjacent to the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station (EFMA), in Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, focusing on population dynamics and the nematodes associated with this species. To this end, specimens were collected during four climatic seasons of the years 2021 and 2022 in three fixed 20 m × 10 m plots. The abundance of A. fulica in these areas was evaluated in relation to a set of environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity air, and soil pH and calcium). The abundance of snails infected by nematodes was also evaluated in relation to the season and body size of the specimens. The molluscs were found by active search, and standardized (15 minutes/three collections). Nematode larvae were extracted from the specimens by artificial digestion and identified by their external morphology and the sequencing of molecular markers. A total of 280 specimens of A. fulica were collected, with the highest abundances being recorded in the autumn and summer, although no significant relationship was found between the number of specimens collected and the environmental variables. Overall, 192 snails were infected by nematodes: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Cruzia tentaculata and free-living nematodes, including Caenorhabditis briggsae. These findings demonstrate the epidemiological importance of the study area and the need to implement educational measures in the community, with the aim of controlling the local A. fulica population, thereby minimizing the risk of parasitic infection in the local human population. Africa world snail periurban peri urban EFMA, EFMA , (EFMA) Jacarepaguá state Brazil end 202 2 1 plots temperature, temperature (temperature air calcium. calcium . calcium) search 15 (1 minutesthree minutes collections. collections collections) markers 28 summer Overall 19 cantonensis freeliving free living briggsae community (EFMA (

RESUMEN Los organismos incrustantes son un subproducto generado del cultivo del molusco Argopecten purpu-ratus, que impactan el medio marino costero por su inadecuada disposición. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la distribución de los organismos incrustantes durante los años 2017 a 2019 y su organización funcional, información que permitirá mejorar el cultivo y desarrollar un manejo ambientalmente responsable. Las muestras fueron tomadas de sistemas de cultivo suspendido del molusco bivalvo A. purpuratus en bahía Samanco (Ancash, Perú). Se registraron mensualmente parámetros fisicoquímicos como temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, pH y salinidad. El análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo consistió en la determinación de la riqueza de especies y la abundancia mediante el registro del peso. Se encontraron 80 taxones, de los cuales 66 se identificaron a especie. El 41 % son organismos incrustantes, conformado por los phyla Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Porifera, Cnidaria, Brachiochopoda, Bryozoa, Arthropoda, Mollusca y Chordata; de estos el 73 % son filtradores. El 59 % restante presenta algún tipo de movilidad, la mayoría son depredadores y está conformado principalmente por Polychae-ta, Malacostraca y Gastropoda. Así mismo, se registran nueve especies introducidas: Ciona robusta, Ciona intestinalis, Bugula neritina, Bugulina stolonifera, Botrylloides violaceus, Caprella equilibra, Caprella scaura, Jassa slatteryi y Scruparia ambigua. Las especies C. robusta, Semimytilus algosus, B. neritina y Tubularia sp. se encuentran presentes durante todo el año y representan el 80 % de la bio-masa que conforma la comunidad de organismos incrustantes. Estos resultados ayudan a comprender esta compleja diversidad asociada al cultivo.

ABSTRACT Biofouling is a byproduct associated to the culture of the mollusk Argopecten purpuratus, that impacts the coastal marine environment due to its inadequate disposition. This work aims to characterize the distribution of biofouling during the years 2017 to 2019 and its functional organization, information that will allow improving the crop and to develop a management system environmentally responsible. The samples were taken from suspended culture systems of the bivalve mollusk A. purpuratus in the Samanco Bay (Ancash, Peru). Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and salinity, were measured monthly. The qualitative and quantitative analyses consisted of determining the species richness and abundance by recording their weight. A total of 80 taxa were recorded, 66 of these were identified to the species level. A total of 41 % of the organisms are encrusting, and include the phyla Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Porifera, Cnidaria, Brachiochopoda, Bryozoa, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata; of this 73 % are filter feeders. The remaining 59 % have some type of mobility, most are predators and include Polychaeta, Malacostraca, and Gastropoda. In addition, nine introduced species were registered: Ciona robusta, Ciona intestinalis, Bugula neritina, Bugulina sto-lonifera, Botrylloides violaceus, Caprella equilibra, Caprella scaura, Jassa slatteryi, and Scruparia ambigua. The species C. robusta, Semimytilus algosus, B. neritina, and Tubularia sp. are present throughout the year and represent 80 % of the biomass that makes up the community of fouling organisms. These results help to understand this complex diversity associated to the crop.

Resumen Antecedentes. En México son escasos los estudios sobre epibiosis en organismos marinos. Las diatomeas epizóicas son utilizadas como indicadores biológicos del ecosistema por su aparente especificidad epibionte con los organismos. De este aspecto poco se conoce de esa especificidad en las fases larvarias planctónicas. No existen estudios enfocados al estudio de las diatomeas epizóicas en larvas de Aliger gigas. Objetivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición de diatomeas epizóicas en larvas de A. gigas en la caleta Xel-Há del Caribe mexicano. Métodos. Se recolectaron una masa de huevos del molusco de su medio natural; las larvas fueron cultivadas en un ambiente controlado con agua de mar filtrada a través de una malla de 5 µm, alimentadas con eustigmatoficeas Nannochloropsis oculata (1000 céls/ml). Se analizó la superficie de conchas del molusco de 60 larvas de edades entre 2 y 42 días. El material encontrado se revisó y se identificó empleando técnicas de microscopia electrónica de barrido. Resultados. Para la cuantificación de las diatomeas se utilizó el índice de abundancia relativa. El 83% de las larvas presentaron diatomeas epizóicas. La taxocenosis de diatomeas estuvo constituida por 24 especies: el 68% fueron móviles, 24% especies sésiles erectas y el 8% fueron formas adnadas. Conclusiones. La mayor riqueza y abundancia de especies de diatomeas epizóicas en larvas de A. gigas se presentó en las conchas más grandes debido a una mayor área de colonización disponible y estabilidad del sustrato.

Abstract Background. In Mexico, few studies have been carried out on epibiosis. Epizoic diatoms are used as biological indicators of ecosystems due to their apparent epibiont specificity with host animals. Little is known about this specificity in the planktonic larval phases. There have been no studies focused on epizoic diatoms on the marine gastropod Aliger gigas larval shells. Goals. The objective of this work was to determine the species composition of epizoic diatoms in the larvae of A. gigas in the Xel-Há cove, the Mexican Caribbean. Methods. Mollusk egg masses were collected from their natural environment, and the larvae were cultured in seawater filtered through a 5 µm mesh under controlled conditions and fed with the eustigmatophycean alga Nannochloropsis oculata (1000 cells/ml). Shell surface of 60 larvae aged between 2 and 42 days was analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy. A relative abundance index was calculated to quantify diatoms. Results. In total, 83% of the examined larvae carried diatoms. Twenty-four diatom species were found: 68% were mobile, 24% were erect sessile and 8% were adnate species. Conclusions. The highest richness and abundance of epizoic diatoms in the A. gigas larvae were observed on bigger shells due to a larger available colonization area and a more stable substrate.

Resumen Introducción: Cedecea lapagei es una bacteria Gram negativa, perteneciente a la familia Enterobacte-riaceae, considerado patógeno oportunista. Caso clínico: masculino de 57 años con diagnóstico de VIH de larga evolución, con abandono al tratamiento 3 años previos a internamiento, inició hace 6 meses con pérdida de peso, dolor abdominal y disnea. Se diagnosticó adenocarcinoma gástrico poco diferenciado, candidosis orofaríngea y molusco contagioso. Tuvo deterioro respiratorio y requirió manejo avanzado de vía aérea; el cultivo de secreciones bronquiales reportó Cedecea lapagei multidrogorresistente (MDR). Discusión: este es el sexto reporte de neumonía por Cedecea lapagei a nivel mundial. En México se han reportado dos casos de neumonía por este microorganismo, ambos con inmunocompromiso y aislamiento durante internamiento. Conclusión: debido a la poca información clínica y epidemiológica de este patógeno, además de la MDR encontrada en este caso, se reafirma la necesidad de tener cultivos de secreciones respiratorias antes del inicio de tratamiento con antibiótico empírico y que se profundice más en el estudio de esta bacteria, pues no se encuentra en las guías clínicas de la EUCAST ni de CLSI. Se debe estudiar este patógeno como un oportunista emergente por su capacidad para afectar a personas con algún tipo de inmunosupresión que han sido hospitalizadas.

Abstract Introduction: Cedecea lapagei is an op-portunistic gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is considered an opportunistic pathogen. Case study: a 56-year-old male with long standing HIV infection abandoned therapy for 3 years. He started developing symptoms for 6 months characterized by weight loss, abdominal pain and dyspnea. He was diagnosed with poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma, oral candidiasis and molluscum contagiosum infection. He developed respiratory distress and required mechanical ventilation. A sputum culture reported multi-resistant Cedecea lapagei. Discussion: we report the sixth case of pneumonia due to Cedecea lapagei in the world. Two of these cases have been reported in Mexico, both in an immunocom-promised patient and requiring isolation measures during hospitalization. Conclusion: due to the lack of clinical and epidemiological information on this pathogen, in addition to the MDR characteristics found in this case, the need to have cultures of respiratory secretions before starting treatment with empirical antibiotics is reaf-firmed, as well as the need to expand our knowledge on this pathogen, since it is not found in the EUCAST or CLSI clinical guidelines. This pathogen should be studied as an emergent opportunist due to its ability to infect people that suffer from some type of immunosuppression and are also hospitalized.

Resumen: La agriculturización es un causante de transformación en los territorios. El actual modelo de agricultura predominante, basado en la aplicación de plaguicidas para mantener el cultivo saludable y sin competencia, no solo afecta a la especie objetivo sino también a aquellas no blanco, impactando en la biodiversidad local y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los cambios en los usos del suelo en la Cuenca Alta del Arroyo Chapaleofú y determinar la toxicidad del clorpirifos sobre una especie no blanco. Para esto, se compararon imágenes clasificadas supervisadas de los años 1989 y 2019 del partido de Tandil (Buenos Aires, Argentina) y se realizó la evaluación de la Concentración Letal 50 (CL50) del insecticida clorpirifos sobre el molusco Physa acuta, a 96 horas de exposición. Se detecta un 74.35% de avance de las tierras destinadas a actividades agrícolas, lo que evidencia el proceso de agriculturización. El molusco Physa acuta tiene una CL50 de 0.55 mg L-1, presentando al mismo tiempo efectos subletales, pese a tratarse de una especie tolerante al químico en cuestión. Debido a lo anterior, es necesario realizar más estudios que permitan determinar los efectos de los múltiples químicos utilizados en la actividad agrícola, considerando exposiciones más prolongadas y con especies más sensibles.

Abstract: Agriculturization constitutes a cause of transformation in the territories. The current prevailing model of agriculture, based on the application of pesticides to keep the crop healthy and without competition, not only affects the target species but also non-target species, impacting local biodiversity and the proper functioning of ecosystems. The objective of this work was to analyze changes in land use in the Upper Basin of the Chapaleofú Stream, and determine the toxicity of chlorpyrifos on a non-target species. For this, supervised classified images (years 1989 and 2019) of Tandil district (Buenos Aires, Argentina) were comparison and Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on the mollusk Physa acuta at 96 hours of exposure was determined. A 74.35% advance of the land destined for agricultural activities was detected, which shows the process of agriculturization. Physa acuta has an LC50 of 0.55 mg L-1, presenting at the same time sublethal effects, despite being a species tolerant to the chemical in question. Regarding the conclusions, more studies are required to generate information on the impact of the multiple chemicals used in agricultural activity, considering longer exposures and with more sensitivity species.