ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of removing apical dominance at phenological stages on the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the 2020/2021 growing season inthe teaching-experimental area of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Ibirubá, under a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement, with three replications. The main plots were composed of five soybean cultivars (DM53i54 IPRO, Zeus IPRO, Lanza IPRO, DM5958 IPRO, and Delta IPRO), and the subplots consisted of the phenological stages of apical dominance removal (control, V2, V4, and V6). Morphological traits were evaluated at different stages. Differences were observed between cultivars, which followed their pre-defined morphologies. Apical dominance removal reduced aspects such as the number of nodes and legumes on the main stem and the first legumeinsertion height. Cultivars developed branching mechanismsas a compensation strategy, increasing the number of legumes on the branches by up to 130%. The removal of the shoot apex can modify morphological aspects in soybean plants,but their yield tends to be maintained. ABSTRACT 20202021 2020 2021 2020/202 teachingexperimental teaching experimental Education Sul Ibirubá splitplot split plot arrangement replications DM53i54 DMi DM i (DM53i5 IPRO DM595 , IPRO) control, control (control V2 V V4 V6. V6 . V6) predefined pre defined morphologies height strategy 130 130% plantsbut plants but maintained 2020202 202 2020/20 DM53i5 (DM53i DM59 13 202020 20 2020/2 DM53i DM5 1 20202 2 2020/

RESUMO: O presente artigo objetiva avaliar o efeito da remoção da dominância apical em estádios fenológicos, nos caracteres agronômicos de cultivares de soja. O experimento foi implantado na área didática-experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Ibirubá, na safra 2020/2021, sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas principais eram compostas pelos cinco cultivares (DM53i54 IPRO, Zeus IPRO, Lança IPRO, DM5958 IPRO e Delta IPRO) e as subparcelas, pelos estádios fenológicos de remoção de dominância apical (testemunha, V2, V4 e V6). As características morfológicas foram avaliadas em diferentes estádios. Como resultados, verificaram-se diferenças entre os cultivares, que seguiram suas morfologias pré-definidas. A remoção de dominância apical, reduziu aspectos como o número de nós e legumes na haste principal, além da altura de inserção do primeiro legume. Como estratégia de compensação, os cultivares desenvolvem mecanismos de ramificação, acrescendo até 130% no número de legumes nos ramos. Verifica-se que a remoção do ápice caulinar é capaz de modificar aspectos morfológicos em plantas de soja, contudo, seu rendimento tende a ser mantido. RESUMO soja didáticaexperimental didática experimental Sul Ibirubá 20202021 2020 2021 2020/2021 acaso subdivididas repetições DM53i54 DMi DM i (DM53i5 DM595 subparcelas testemunha, testemunha (testemunha V2 V V6. V6 . V6) resultados verificaramse verificaram se prédefinidas. prédefinidas pré definidas. definidas pré-definidas principal legume compensação ramificação 130 ramos Verificase Verifica contudo mantido 2020202 202 2020/202 DM53i5 (DM53i DM59 13 202020 20 2020/20 DM53i DM5 1 20202 2 2020/2 2020/

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether early-stage intraocular pressure can be modulated using a thermal face mask. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, healthy participants were randomized on a 1:1:1 allocation ratio to three mask groups: hypothermic (G1), normothermic (G2), and hyperthermic (G3). After randomization, 108 eyes from 108 participants were submitted to clinical evaluations, including measurement of initial intraocular pressure (T1). The thermal mask was then applied for 10 minutes, followed by a second evaluation of intraocular pressure (T2) and assessment of any side effects. Results: The hypothermic group (G1) showed a significant reduction in mean intraocular pressure between T1 (16.97 ± 2.59 mmHg) and T2 (14.97 ± 2.44 mmHg) (p<0.001). G2 showed no significant pressure difference between T1 (16.50 ± 2.55 mmHg) and T2 (17.00 ± 2.29 mmHg) (p=0.054). G3 showed a significant increase in pressure from T1 (16.53 ± 2.69 mmHg) to T2 (18.58 ± 2.95 mmHg) (p<0.001). At T1, there was no difference between the three study groups (p=0.823), but at T2, the mean values of G3 were significantly higher than those of G1 and G2 (p<0.00). Conclusion: Temperature was shown to significantly modify intraocular pressure. Thermal masks allow the application of temperature in a controlled, reproducible manner. Further studies are needed to assess the duration of these effects and whether they are reproducible in patients with pathologies that affect intraocular pressure. Purpose earlystage early stage Methods 111 1 1:1: G1, G , G2, (G2) G3. . (G3) randomization evaluations T1. T (T1) minutes (T2 Results (G1 16.97 1697 16 97 (16.9 259 2 59 2.5 mmHg 14.97 1497 14 (14.9 244 44 2.4 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 (p<0.001) 16.50 1650 50 (16.5 255 55 17.00 1700 17 00 (17.0 229 29 2.2 p=0.054. p0054 p=0.054 054 (p=0.054) 16.53 1653 53 269 69 2.6 18.58 1858 18 58 (18.5 295 95 2.9 p=0.823, p0823 p=0.823 823 (p=0.823) p<0.00. p000 p<0.00 (p<0.00) Conclusion controlled manner 11 1:1 (G2 (G3 (T1 (T (G 16.9 169 9 (16. 25 5 2. 14.9 149 (14. 24 4 (p<0.001 16.5 165 17.0 170 (17. 22 p005 p=0.05 05 (p=0.054 26 6 18.5 185 (18. p082 p=0.82 82 (p=0.823 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 1: 16. (16 14. (14 17. (17 p=0.0 (p=0.05 18. (18 p08 p=0.8 8 (p=0.82 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (1 p=0. (p=0.0 (p=0.8 p<0 (p<0. ( p=0 (p=0. p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (p< (p= (p

Microparticulated whey protein can be used as a fat substitute in foods to enhance their nutritional value and improve their sensory and rheological characteristics. Microparticulation denatures whey proteins through heat treatment, followed by shear rate control to determine the aggregate sizes formed. The processing method used during microparticulation can modify the protein denaturation rate, which may enable the application of new proteins. This study sought to develop a methodology for quantifying whey protein fractions in commercial samples before and after microparticulation at different concentrations and physical states. The developed methodology proved to be applicable because of its selectivity, quantification, detection limits, and precision. The analyzed samples exhibited a higher denaturation rate for β-lactoglobulin than α-lactoalbumin; the denaturation rate varied among samples due to differences in the microparticulation process. characteristics treatment formed states selectivity quantification limits precision βlactoglobulin β lactoglobulin αlactoalbumin α lactoalbumin α-lactoalbumin process

ABSTRACT: This study explored the use only of ultrasound (US) for extracting proteins from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) backbones at low temperature and examined its impact on hydrophobicity, solubility, electrophoretic profile, and sulfhydryl levels. Backbones were treated with 35 and 130 kHz for 20, 30, and 40 minutes at 14 ºC, resulting in two protein fractions: solid (TPS) and liquid (TPL). US increased yield compared to the non-sonicated fraction. TPL (35 kHz) exhibited a 16% reduction in total and free sulfhydryl levels and a 25% increase in hydrophobicity. US induced protein conformation and band intensity alterations, particularly between 25 to 100 kDa for TPL at 130 kHz and below 30 kDa for TPS at 35 kHz. This study demonstrated the efficacy of US for protein extraction from fish by-products and its capacity to modify protein characteristics, facilitating the development of innovative food products. ABSTRACT (US Ctenopharyngodon idella hydrophobicity solubility profile 3 13 20 4 1 ºC fractions (TPS TPL. . (TPL) nonsonicated non sonicated fraction (3 16 alterations 2 10 byproducts by products characteristics (TPL (

RESUMO: Este estudo explorou o uso exclusivo do ultrassom (US) para extrair proteínas das espinhas dorsais da carpa-capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella) em baixas temperaturas e examinou seu impacto na hidrofobicidade, solubilidade, perfil eletroforético e níveis de sulfidrilas. As espinhas dorsais foram tratadas com 35 e 130 kHz por 20, 30 e 40 minutos a 14 ºC, resultando em duas frações de proteínas: sólida (TPS) e líquida (TPL). O US aumentou o rendimento em comparação com a fração não sonificada. TPL (35 kHz) apresentou uma redução de 16% nos níveis totais e livres de sulfidrila e um aumento de 25% na hidrofobicidade. O US induziu alterações na conformação proteica e na intensidade das bandas, especialmente entre 25 e 100 kDa para TPL a 130 kHz e abaixo de 30 kDa para TPS a 35 kHz. Este estudo demonstrou a eficácia do US na extração e na modificação de algumas propriedades das proteínas de subprodutos de peixe, facilitando assim seu emprego no desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios inovadores. RESUMO (US carpacapim carpa capim Ctenopharyngodon idella hidrofobicidade solubilidade sulfidrilas 3 13 20 4 1 ºC (TPS TPL. . (TPL) sonificada (3 16 bandas 2 10 peixe inovadores (TPL (

Resumen En este artículo se analiza un conjunto de noticias televisivas que, durante el segundo bienio del gobierno de Mauricio Macri (2018-2019) en Argentina, informaron sobre distintas medidas regresivas en materia de derechos migratorios a nivel nacional y provincial. Se indaga la mediatización de discursos oficiales y su legitimación para modificar la legislación vigente, así como la difusión de noticias que criminalizan a la población migrante para justificar la implementación de dichas políticas. Ante la escasez de estudios sobre representaciones de migrantes en la televisión, se examina cómo los/as funcionarios/as utilizan la pantalla para allanar el camino para sus decisiones políticas. A partir del análisis del discurso de un corpus de noticias se corrobora, entre otras cosas, una articulación entre discursos mediáticos y políticos, y una brecha informativa sobre los derechos migratorios, todo lo cual redunda en obstáculos para la construcción de una ciudadanía comunicacional de las personas migrantes.

Abstract This article analyzes a set of television news that reported on different regressive measures regarding migration rights at national and provincial levels, aired during the second biennium of Mauricio Macri’s government (2018-2019) in Argentina. Here we delve into the mediatization of official discourses, and their legitimization to modify current legislation, as well as into the dissemination of news that criminalize the migrant population, aimed at justifying the implementation of such policies. Given the scarcity of studies on the representation of migrants on television, this study examines how officials use the screen to pave the way for their political decisions. From the analysis of the discourse conveyed in this corpus of news, is revealed, among other things, an articulation between media and political discourses, and the existence of an information gap on migration rights, all of which results in hurdles for the construction of a communicational citizenship of migrants.

Abstract Columns are important structural elements in a building and can be reinforced to increase their capacity. Reinforcement by bonding Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) is attractive because it is easy to apply and does not modify the section. This material has been used in columns for its confinement effect. However, the confinement of columns in non-circular sections is not as efficient as in circular ones. Non-circular geometries behave differently because part of the concrete is not confined. This research aims to study the behavior of rectangular concrete columns reinforced with carbon fiber mats. The aim is to evaluate the performance of rectangular columns with a section side ratio of 2 and to determine the efficiency of the reinforcement. Two groups of columns were tested, one without reinforcement and the other reinforced with a layer of mat. Numerical models were designed with the Finite Element Method (FEM) using Abaqus. The numerical model made it possible to analyze the distribution of stresses in the pillars. Experimental results of maximum force were compared with analytical predictions. The results obtained indicate the efficiency of the reinforcement by improving ductility and increasing load capacity by 30%. FRP (FRP effect However noncircular non ones Noncircular Non confined mats tested mat FEM (FEM Abaqus pillars predictions 30 30% 3

Resumo Pilares são elementos estruturais de grande importância numa edificação e que durante sua vida útil podem ser submetidos a um processo de reforço para aumento da sua capacidade. O reforço com Polímeros Reforçados com Fibras (PRF) é atraente pela facilidade de aplicação e não modificação da seção. O material vem sendo utilizado em pilares pelo efeito de confinamento. Entretanto, em pilares com seções não circulares, o efeito do confinamento não é eficiente como em circulares. Em geometrias de seções não circulares, parte do concreto não fica devidamente confinado. A pesquisa busca estudar o comportamento do reforço de pilares de concreto retangulares pelo confinamento com manta de fibras de carbono. O objetivo é avaliar o desempenho e a eficiência do reforço em pilares retangulares não armados, com altura de 800 mm e relação entre os lados igual a 2. Foram ensaiados dois grupos de pilares, um sem reforço e outro reforçado. Foram idealizados modelos numéricos com o Método dos Elementos Finitos utilizando-se o Abaqus. O modelo numérico permitiu analisar a distribuição das tensões nos pilares. Os resultados experimentais de força máxima foram comparados com previsões analíticas. Os resultados obtidos indicam eficiência do reforço por meio de melhoria na ductilidade e aumento da capacidade de carga em 30%. PRF (PRF seção Entretanto circulares confinado carbono armados 80 2 reforçado utilizandose utilizando se Abaqus analíticas 30 30% 8 3

Abstract The use of plant extracts as biostimulants is an alternative in agricultural production. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of foliar spraying of aqueous extracts of nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) on the growth and nutrient concentration of lettuce leaves. Thirty-day-old seedlings were sprayed with the treatments for 28 d, at seven-day intervals. Spraying of the extracts did not modify plant height or leaf number. The nopal extract increased the concentration of P, Fe and Zn; while the coriander extract increased the concentration of N, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, B and Zn. The evaluated plant extracts had no influence on growth, but did have an influence on the concentration of nutrients in lettuce leaves.

Resumen El uso de extractos vegetales como bioestimulantes, es una alternativa en la producción agrícola. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la aspersión foliar de extractos acuosos de nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) y cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), en el crecimiento y concentración nutrimental de hojas de lechuga. Plántulas de 30 d de edad, se asperjaron con los tratamientos durante 28 d, en intervalos de siete días. La aspersión de los extractos no modificó la altura de planta, ni el número de hojas. El extracto de nopal incrementó la concentración de P, Fe y Zn; mientras que el extracto de cilantro, aumentó la concentración de N, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, B y Zn. Los extractos vegetales evaluados no tienen influencia en el crecimiento, pero sí en la concentración de nutrimentos en hojas de lechuga.

SUMMARY: Since the facial bone remains are mostly damaged or fractured in the crime scenes, the occipital bone (OB) is a possible skull bone to be used for sex determination in forensic sciences. The high accuracy of the use of the OB for sex estimation has been reported in many populations. This recent study attempted to modify and apply the 12 parameters on OB for such determination in the Northeastern Thai skulls. Discriminant function analyses and descriptive statistics were performed. The results showed that all parameters including the hormion-basion length, bi-lower part of temporo-occipital suture breadth, bi-asterios breadth, opisthion-lambda length, foramen magnum breadth, foramen magnum length, right-lower part of temporo-occipital suture to opisthion length, left-lower part of temporo-occipital suture to opisthion length, right-asterion to basion length, left-asterion to basion length, right-asterion to lambda length, and left- asterion to lambda length of males were significantly higher than those of females (P<0.01). Interestingly, the discriminant equation analyzed from univariable showed that the temporo-occipital suture breadth (TOB) has the highest accuracy rate (75.4 %) among 12 parameters. For multivariable analysis via stepwise method, the hormion-basion length (HBL), temporo-occipital suture breadth (TOB), and left asterion to basion length (Lt. ABL) provided the highest rate of accuracy (78.8 %). In conclusion, this study suggested that TOB, HBL, and Lt. ABL are potential parameters to be used for sex determination on dry occipital bone remains of the Northeastern Thai population.

RESUMEN: Dado que los restos de huesos faciales en la escena del crimen en su mayoría resultan dañados o fracturados, el hueso occipital (HO) es un posible hueso del cráneo que se puede utilizar para la determinación del sexo en las ciencias forenses. En muchas poblaciones se ha informado de la alta precisión del uso del HO para la estimación del sexo. Este estudio reciente intentó modificar y aplicar los 12 parámetros en HO para dicha determinación en los cráneos del nordeste de Tailandia. Se realizaron análisis de funciones discriminantes y estadística descriptiva. Los resultados mostraron que todos los parámetros, incluido la longitud hormion-basion, la parte bi-inferior de la sutura temporo-occipital, la anchura bi-asterion, la longitud del opisthion-lambda, la anchura del foramen magnum, la longitud del foramen magnum, la parte inferior derecha temporo-occipital, longitud de la sutura al opistion, la parte inferior izquierda de la sutura témporo-occipital a la longitud del opistion, la longitud del asterion derecho al basion, la longitud del asterion izquierdo al basion, la longitud del asterion derecho al lambda y la longitud del asterion izquierdo a lambda, de los hombres fueron significativamente mayores que los de las mujeres (P<0,01). Curiosamente, la ecuación discriminante univariable analizada mostró que la amplitud de la sutura temporooccipital (STO) tiene la tasa de precisión más alta (75,4 %) entre 12 parámetros. Para el análisis multivariable mediante el método paso a paso, la longitud del hormion-basion (LHB), la amplitud de la sutura témporo-occipital (TOB) y la longitud del asterion izquierdo al basion (Lt. ABL) proporcionaron la mayor tasa de precisión (78,8 %). En conclusión, este estudio sugirió que TOB, LHB y Lt. ABL son parámetros potenciales que se pueden utilizar para determinar el sexo en restos de hueso occipital seco de la población del noreste de Tailandia.

Resumen La transición de lo rural a lo semiurbano en Yucatán ocurre principalmente en las cabeceras municipales, y trae consigo problemas de gestión de los residuos. Las autoridades municipales son las encargadas del Manejo Integral de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (MIRSU); pero en últimos años, la asociación entre el sector público y el privado para la gestión de los residuos resulta una estrategia eficaz. Existen pocos estudios sobre el MIRSU en zonas rurales o semiurbanas y la disposición a pagar de los usuarios, información que ayudaría a los creadores de política pública a diseñar planes y programas adecuados para su gestión. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores socioeconómicos asociados a la disposición a pagar por el MIRSU de los usuarios de municipios semiurbanos de Yucatán. Se realizaron 1,144 encuestas en 6 localidades semiurbanas de Yucatán, los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial con un modelo econométrico de regresión Tobit. El 69,75% de los usuarios encuestados declararon estar dispuestos a pagar por el manejo integral de los residuos sólidos un monto promedio de 17,65 pesos mexicanos (0,85 dólares estadounidenses). La disposición a pagar disminuye cuando predomina el idioma maya, y mientras menos activos físicos y habitaciones tenga el hogar. Existen elementos culturales y sociales arraigados en la recolección de residuos sólidos, este sistema integral puede ir acompañado de otro tipo de incentivos económicos para modificar el comportamiento de los consumidores hacia algo más beneficioso para el medio ambiente, tal como el ingreso familiar.

Abstract In Yucatan, the transition from rural to semi-urban communities has occurred mainly in the municipality seats; this transition comes with the problems of waste management. The municipalities oversee the Integral Urban Solid Waste Management (IUSWM); but in recent years, the public-private partnership for waste management has proved to be an effective strategy. There are few studies on the IUSWM in rural or semi-urban areas and the users’ willingness to pay, information that would help public policymakers to design adequate plans and programs for its management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with the willingness to pay for the IUSWM of users in semi-urban municipalities of Yucatan. A total of 1,144 interviews were conducted in 6 semi-urban localities in Yucatan, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with a Tobit regression econometric model. 69.75% of the surveyed users declared that they were willing to pay an average of 17.65 Mexican pesos (0.85 U.S. dollars) for the integral urban solid waste management. The willingness to pay decreases when the Mayan language predominates among the member of the household, and when they have fewer tangible assets and rooms. There are cultural and social factors rooted in solid waste collection, this integrated system may be accompanied by other types of economic incentives to modify consumers’ behavior towards something more beneficial for the environment, such as the homes’ income.

RESUMO Objetivou-se descrever os aspectos metodológicos, operacionais e atravessamentos políticos do projeto ‘Avaliação da contaminação ocupacional, ambiental e em alimentos por agrotóxicos na Bacia do Juruena, Mato Grosso (MT)’, realizado entre 2015 e 2019, em municípios de elevada produção agrícola voltada para o agronegócio: Campo Novo do Parecis, Sapezal e Campos de Júlio. Fundamentada na epidemiologia crítica, na vigilância popular e do desenvolvimento, a pesquisa participativa envolveu a população por meio de articulações com prefeituras, sindicatos e escolas públicas e trabalhadores(as) rurais e urbanos. Coletaram-se amostras de matriz ambiental (água, ar, sedimento), alimentar (hortaliças, commodities e animais) e humanas (sangue e urina) e realizou-se um inquérito populacional das condições de saúde autorreferidas, exposição ambiental, alimentar e ocupacional de trabalhadores(as) e moradores(as). Os dados revelaram um processo de contaminação impositiva em todo o território da bacia do rio Juruena, no ambiente, em alimentos, e o adoecimento agudo e crônico supostamente relacionado com a exposição ambiental e ocupacional aos agrotóxicos. O processo participativo na pesquisa almejou fortalecer a luta por territórios saudáveis e sustentáveis mediante redes cooperativas, vigilância popular de base territorial e das populações expostas aos agrotóxicos, além de outros desdobramentos que modifiquem legislações e processos destrutivos do atual modelo de desenvolvimento. Objetivouse Objetivou se metodológicos Avaliação Juruena MT, MT , (MT)’ 201 2019 agronegócio Parecis Júlio crítica desenvolvimento prefeituras trabalhadoresas trabalhadores as trabalhadores(as urbanos Coletaramse Coletaram água, água (água ar sedimento, sedimento sedimento) hortaliças, hortaliças (hortaliças animais sangue urina realizouse realizou autorreferidas moradoresas. moradoresas moradores . moradores(as) ambiente cooperativas (MT) 20 moradores(as (MT 2

ABSTRACT The aim was to describe the methodological, operational, and political aspects of the project ‘Assessment of occupational, environmental and food contamination by pesticides in the Juruena Basin, Mato Grosso (MT)’, carried out between 2015 and 2019 in municipalities with high agricultural production geared towards agribusiness: Campo Novo do Parecis, Sapezal, and Campos de Júlio. Based on critical epidemiology, popular and developmental surveillance, the participatory research involved the population through links with town halls, unions public schools, and rural and urban workers. Environmental (water, air, sediment), food (vegetables, commodities, and animals), and human (blood and urine) samples were collected, and a population survey was carried out on self-reported health conditions, environmental, food, and occupational exposure of workers and residents. The data revealed a process of imposing contamination throughout the territory of the Juruena River basin, in the environment, in food, and in acute and chronic illnesses supposedly related to environmental and occupational exposure to pesticides. The participatory process in the research aimed to strengthen the struggle for healthy and sustainable territories through cooperative networks, grassroots territorial surveillance, and populations exposed to pesticides, as well as other developments that modify legislation and destructive processes of the current development model. methodological operational Assessment Basin MT, MT , (MT)’ 201 agribusiness Parecis Sapezal Júlio epidemiology surveillance halls schools water, water (water air sediment, sediment sediment) vegetables, vegetables (vegetables commodities animals, animals animals) blood urine collected selfreported self reported conditions residents basin environment networks model (MT) 20 (MT 2

Abstract The city of Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila is characterized by having criollo avocado trees with different morphological properties. However, very little information is available on their fruit nutritional and sensory characteristics. The objective of this work was to perform the bromatological, mineral, phytochemical and sensory characterization of 7 avocado landraces. The proximal analysis was carried out using standardized tests by the AOAC (2019), while the phytochemical content was determined using HPLC/MS equipment. Subsequently, the samples were evaluated using a hedonic test. The bromatological analysis showed significant differences in the total of the samples for the different response variables, which indicates the great genetic diversity among the sampled trees. The mineral that were determined in the highest concentration were Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium. Thirty-eight different phytochemical compounds were identified in the fruits, with a greater presence of flavones. While the sensory analysis showed a significant difference among the avocado landraces for the evaluated attributes. The flavor and texture attributes were the most important for the consumer preference. Different environmental factors (soil, climate, altitude, latitude, maturity) modify the nutritional composition of the avocado and its organoleptic characteristics. The results of this work may help propagation, fruit diversification and development of companies focused on this fruit in Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila.

Resumen La ciudad de Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila, se caracteriza por tener árboles de aguacate criollo con diferentes propiedades morfológicas. Sin embargo, es muy poca la información que se tiene sobre las características nutrimentales y sensoriales de los frutos de estos árboles. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar bromatológica, mineral, fitoquímica y sensorial 7 aguacates criollos, obtenidos de diferentes árboles. El análisis proximal se realizó mediante pruebas estandarizadas por la AOAC (2019), mientras que el contenido de fitoquímicos se determinó en un equipo HPLC/MS. Posteriormente, las muestras se evaluaron mediante una prueba hedónica. El análisis bromatológico arrojó diferencias significativas en el total de las muestras para las diferentes variables de respuesta, lo que indica la gran diversidad genética entre los árboles muestreados. Los minerales que se determinaron en mayor concentración fueron Potasio, Magnesio y Calcio. Se identificaron 38 compuestos fitoquímicos diferentes en los frutos, con mayor presencia de flavonas, mientras que el análisis sensorial arrojó una diferencia significativa entre los criollos en las variables evaluadas. Los atributos de sabor y textura resultaron los más importantes para la preferencia del consumidor. Diferentes factores ambientales (suelo, clima, altitud, latitud, madurez) modifican la composición nutrimental del aguacate y sus características organolépticas. Los resultados de este trabajo pudieran ayudar a la propagación, diversificación frutícola y desarrollo de empresas enfocadas en este fruto en Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila.

Resumo: No sistema educacional da Costa Rica, observa-se um aumento nas opções para o ensino médio; contudo, a diversidade de ofertas e modalidades disponíveis carece de clareza. Neste manuscrito, trabalhamos com diretores de centros educativos, supervisores de circuitos educativos e funcionários administrativos dos escritórios centrais do Ministério da Educação Pública (MEP) da Costa Rica para responder às seguintes questões de pesquisa: Quais os critérios para a mudança ou abertura de modalidades e ofertas educativas no ensino secundário na Costa Rica? Quais os caminhos administrativos e de gestão curricular para aprovação de vagas ou alterações de modalidades e ofertas? e finalmente, como pode ser descrito o processo de gestão de mudanças ou abertura de modalidades ou ofertas do MEP? Foi utilizada uma metodologia descritiva/exploratória, além de entrevistas e de um análise documental. Verificou-se que a partir da gestão curricular e administrativa não existe uma classificação clara destas propostas educacionais nem um percurso único para os processos de abertura, mudança e encerramento destas opções educativas. A gestão administrativa e curricular é complexa, pois envolve diferentes instâncias do MEP, entre as quais nem sempre há coordenação. Existem diversas rotas para a criação, alteração e encerramento de modalidades e ofertas educativas, e o aspecto orçamentário desempenha um papel crucial na aprovação. Essas constatações são discutidas à luz do direito das pessoas a uma educação de qualidade e ao seu pleno desenvolvimento educacional e profissional.

Resumen: En el sistema educativo costarricense, ha existido un crecimiento en las opciones educativas para educación secundaria, sin embargo, no existe claridad sobre las distintas ofertas y modalidades disponibles. En esta investigación realizada en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, se trabajó con personas directoras de centros educativos, personal administrativo de oficinas centrales del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP) y supervisores de circuitos educativos, para responder las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿cuáles son los criterios para el cambio o apertura de modalidades y ofertas educativas en educación media en Costa Rica? ¿Cuáles son las rutas de gestión administrativa y curricular para la aprobación de aperturas o cambios de modalidades y ofertas? Y, por último, ¿cómo se puede describir el proceso de gestión de cambio o apertura de modalidades u ofertas desde el MEP? Para ello, se utilizó una metodología de tipo descriptivo/exploratorio mediante entrevistas y análisis documental. Se encontró que, desde la gestión curricular y administrativa, no hay una clara tipificación de estas propuestas educativas, tampoco existe una única ruta para los procesos de apertura, cambio y cierre de estas opciones educativas. La gestión administrativa y curricular es compleja, pues intervienen distintas instancias del MEP, entre las cuales no siempre hay coordinación, se cuenta con distintas rutas para la creación, cambio y cierre de las modalidades y ofertas educativas, además, el aspecto presupuestario juega un papel clave en la aprobación. Finalmente, se discuten estos hallazgos a la luz del derecho de las personas de tener una educación de calidad, así como su pleno desarrollo educativo y profesional.

Abstract: The Costa Rican educational system has seen an increase in the number of educational options for secondary education; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding the different offerings and modalities available. For this paper, we interviewed school principals, educational circuit supervisors, and administrative personnel from the central offices of the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education (MEP) to answer the following research questions What are the criteria used to change or introduce educational modalities and offerings in secondary education in Costa Rica? What are the administrative and curricular management processes to approve the introduction or modification of modalities and offerings? And finally, how can we describe the process to introduce changes or new modalities or offerings in the MEP? This study used a descriptive/exploratory methodology, including interviews and documentary analysis. In terms of curricular and administrative management, the study found that there is no clear typification of these educational proposals, nor is there a clear process for the introduction, modification and closure of such educational options. The administrative and curricular management is complex, as it involves different departments within the MEP, which do not always have the necessary coordination, and that there are a number of possible processes to introduce, modify and close educational modalities and offerings, also budgets play a key role in the approval of such proposals. These findings are discussed in the light of the right of individuals to quality education and to fully develop their educational and professional potential.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una genealogía de dos de los principales procesos de discusión y ejercicios de saber-poder entre los actores constituyentes de Internet, quienes intentan modular su funcionamiento: nos referimos, por un lado, a la problemática de la Neutralidad de la Red y, por otro lado, al desarrollo del 5G. El foco del análisis se centra en las estrategias, alianzas, rivalidades y ejercicios estratégicos prácticos y discursivos desplegados por dichos actores (proveedores de servicios de Internet, proveedores de servicios y contenidos, organizaciones no gubernamentales, académicos y organismos del Estado), para configurar y modificar el escenario y las relaciones de poder entre ellos; es decir, para adecuar el ecosistema y la tecnicidad de Internet en función de sus propios intereses. El artículo presenta los antecedentes inmediatos de la problemática de la Neutralidad de la Red y analiza las discusiones que tuvieron lugar a lo largo de las primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI. Luego, el foco de atención se centra en los debates de instalación y despliegue del 5G, atendiendo principalmente al desarrollo del Network Slicing, que es capaz de generar fuertes cambios en el panorama existente y despertar nuevos cuestionamientos en el marco de las dinámicas de poder que atraviesan el ecosistema de Internet.

ABSTRACT The article aims to carry out a genealogy of two of the main discussion processes and exercises of knowledge-power among the constituent actors of the Internet, who try to modulate its operation: we refer, on the one hand, to the Net Neutrality case and, on the other hand, to the development of 5G. The analysis focuses on the strategies, alliances, rivalries and -practical and discursive- strategical exercises deployed by these main actors (Internet Service Providers, Service and Content Providers, non-governmental organizations, academics and State Agencies), to configure and modify the scenario and the power relations between them; specifically, to adapt the ecosystem and the technicality of the Internet based on their own interests. The article presents the immediate background of the case of Net Neutrality and analyzes the discussions that took place throughout the first two decades of the 21st century. Then, the spotlight is focused on the debates on the installation and deployment of 5G, studying mainly on the development of Network Slicing, which is capable of generating strong changes in the existing panorama and raising new questions within the framework of the power dynamics that they traverse the Internet ecosystem.

RESUMO O artigo pretende realizar uma genealogia de dois dos principais processos de discussão e exercícios de saber-poder entre os atores constituintes da Internet, que tentam modular o seu funcionamento: referimo-nos, por um lado, ao problema da Neutralidade da Rede e, por outro lado, ao desenvolvimento do 5G. O foco da análise está nas estratégias, alianças, rivalidades e exercícios estratégicos práticos e discursivos implantados por esses atores (provedores de serviços de Internet, provedores de serviços e conteúdos, organizações não governamentais, acadêmicos e agências do Estado), para configurar e modificar o cenário e as relações de poder entre eles; isto é, adaptar o ecossistema e a tecnicidade da Internet segundo seus próprios interesses. O artigo apresenta os antecedentes imediatos do problema da Neutralidade da Rede e analisa as discussões ocorridas ao longo das duas primeiras décadas do século XXI. Em seguida, o foco das atenções está nos debates sobre a instalação e implantação do 5G, focando principalmente no desenvolvimento do Network Slicing, que é capaz de gerar fortes mudanças no cenário existente e levantar novas questões no quadro das dinâmicas de poder que atravessam o ecossistema da Internet.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los profesionales de la salud, para mantenerse actualizados y aportar nuevos conocimientos, deben valorar adecuadamente toda la información aparejada al desarrollo científico actual. Objetivo: Modificar los conocimientos de los estomatólogos sobre las acciones para prevenir las malformaciones congénitas bucomaxilofaciales según la guía seleccionada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, de intervención educativa sin asignación aleatoria, a través de un curso desde el aula virtual de salud de Santiago de Cuba, durante el periodo abril-mayo de 2021, para el cual fue seleccionada una muestra aleatoria de 90 estomatólogos de diferentes provincias del país. Las variables analizadas fueron provincia, años de graduado, nivel de especialización, grado académico, categoría docente y nivel de conocimientos sobre malformaciones congénitas bucomaxilofaciales. Se aplicaron la encuesta y la entrevista grupal. Resultados: Hubo mayor representatividad de los estomatólogos de Matanzas (22,2 %). Predominaron aquellos con más de 10 años de graduados (35,6 %) y las féminas (84,4 %). De manera general, el nivel de conocimientos al inicio fue inadecuado (90,0 %); sin embargo, al finalizar el curso dichos conocimientos resultaron ser adecuados en igual proporción (90,0 %). Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos de los estomatólogos sobre las acciones a realizar en cada nivel de prevención fue modificado de manera ostensible.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Health professionals should value all the information concerning the current scientific development to stay up-to-date and contribute new knowledge. Objective: To modify the knowledge of dentists on the actions to prevent the buccal maxillofacial congenital malformations according to the selected guide. Methods: A quasi-experiment study of educational intervention without random assignment was carried out, through a course from the health virtual classroom in Santiago de Cuba, during the period April-May, 2021, for which a random sample of 90 dentists of different provinces of the country was selected. The analyzed variables were province, time of graduation, specialization level, academic degree, teaching category and level of knowledge on buccal maxillofacial congenital malformations. The survey and group interview were applied. Results: There was higher representation of the dentists from Matanzas (22.2 %). There was a prevalence of dentists with more than 10 years of graduation (35.6 %) and females (84.4 %). In general, the level of knowledge at the beginning was inadequate (90.0 %); however, when concluding the course that knowledge was adequate in the same proportion (90.0 %). Conclusions: Dentists level of knowledge on the actions to carry out in each level of prevention had an evident modification.

Resumen El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) trae efectos de adicción que modifican el pensamiento, la mente y el espíritu del adicto, no solo está generando un riesgo latente que afecta la salud de las personas, también trae consecuencias negativas para la sociedad misma, como mayor inversión económica en salud, presencia de habitantes de calle, aumento de delincuencia, entre otros aspectos. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar las estadísticas relacionadas con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas a nivel mundial en las últimas tres décadas. Para el análisis de la información se utilizó la técnica multivariada de la varianza MANOVA con contraste canónica ortogonal, se empleó el paquete estadístico SAS University en el proceso de la información. Como resultado destacado, se encontró divergencia estadística entre regiones, donde Norteamérica ocupa el primer lugar seguido de Asia y Oceanía. El mayor número de muertes por trastornos relacionados por el consumo de SPA se da en personas menores a los 49 años. El acelerado incremento y abuso en el consumo de SPA está generando altos índices de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel global. Es una prioridad actuar con urgencia desde todos los frentes, profesionales de la salud, líderes políticos y comunitarios, entes educativos y núcleo familiar, para controlar esta problemática y tratar de disminuir el consumo y abuso de SPA.

Abstract The consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS) has addictive effects that modify the addict's thinking, mind and spirit, and not only generates a latent risk that affects people's health, but also has negative consequences for society itself, such as greater economic investment in health, the presence of street dwellers, and an increase in crime, among other aspects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the statistics related to the consumption of psychoactive substances worldwide in the last three decades. For the analysis of the information, the multivariate technique of variance MANOVA with orthogonal canonical contrast was used, and the SAS University statistical package was used to process the information. As an outstanding result, statistical divergence was found between regions, with North America occupying the first place followed by Asia and Oceania. The highest number of deaths due to disorders related to PAS consumption occurs in people under 49 years of age. The accelerated increase and abuse of PAS is generating high rates of morbidity and mortality globally. It is a priority to act urgently from all fronts, health professionals, political and community leaders, educational entities and the family nucleus, to control this problem and try to reduce the consumption and abuse of PAS.