Résumé La connaissance de la relation entre les politiques publiques, les partis politiques et le vote présidentiel au Brésil est largement concentrée dans l’analyse des programmes de transfert de revenus, limitant ainsi la compréhension de la manière dont différents aspects de la conception et de la mise en œuvre des politiques sont liés au jeu politique-électoral. Dans cet article, à l’aide de régressions linéaires appliquées à toutes les municipalités brésiliennes, nous analysons la dynamique électorale du programme de logement Minha Casa Minha Vida, de sa création jusqu’aux élections de 2014, avec des résultats détaillés par modalités, phases de mise en œuvre et adhésion au déficit de logement. Les estimations montrent que les villes dirigées par des partis appartenant à la coalition du gouvernement fédéral n’ont pas reçu plus d’unités de logement, à l’exception de la modalité destinée à l’électorat le plus pauvre. De plus, le retour électoral obtenu par le PT était positif lorsque la mise en œuvre du programme était liée au déficit de logement, notamment en 2010. publiques lanalyse l analyse revenus politiqueélectoral. politiqueélectoral politique électoral. politique-électoral article laide aide brésiliennes Vida jusquaux jusqu aux 2014 modalités nont n ont dunités d unités lexception exception lélectorat électorat pauvre 2010 201 20 2

Resumen El conocimiento sobre la relación entre políticas públicas, partidos y elecciones presidenciales en Brasil está fuertemente concentrado en el análisis de programas de transferencia de renta, lo que limita la comprensión sobre cómo diferentes aspectos del diseño e implementación de las políticas se relacionan con el juego partidista electoral. En este artículo, por medio de regresiones lineares aplicadas a todos los municipios brasileros, analizamos la dinámica electoral de la política habitacional “Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida” desde su creación hasta las elecciones de 2014, con resultados detallados por modalidades, fases de implementación y adherencia al déficit de vivienda. Las estimaciones muestran que las ciudades gobernadas por partidos pertenecientes a la coalición del gobierno federal no recibieron más unidades habitacionales, con excepción de la modalidad dirigida al electorado más pobre. Además, el retorno electoral obtenido por el PT fue positivo en los casos en los que la implementación del programa estuvo relacionada con el déficit de vivienda, particularmente en 2010. públicas renta artículo brasileros Programa Vida 2014 modalidades vivienda habitacionales pobre Además 2010 201 20 2

Abstract The literature on the relationship between public policies, political parties, and presidential voting strongly focuses on analyses of income transfer programs, which limits the understanding of how different aspects of policy design and implementation relate to the partisan-electoral game. Through linear regressions applied to all Brazilian municipalities, this article analyzes the electoral dynamics of the Minha Casa Minha Vida (My House My Life) housing policy program. From the program’s inception to the 2014 elections, it details results by policy modalities, implementation phases, and adherence to the housing deficit. The results show that municipalities governed by parties belonging to the federal government’s coalition did not receive more housing units, except for the modality targeted at the poorest electorate. Moreover, the Worker’s Party’s (PT) electoral return was positive where the program’s implementation was related to the housing deficit, particularly in 2010. policies programs partisanelectoral partisan game Life program s 201 elections modalities phases deficit governments government units electorate Moreover Workers Worker Partys Party PT (PT 2010 20 2

Resumo O conhecimento sobre a relação entre políticas públicas, partidos e voto para presidente no Brasil está fortemente concentrado em análises de programas de transferência de renda, o que limita a compreensão sobre como diferentes aspectos do desenho e implementação das políticas se relacionam com o jogo partidário-eleitoral. Neste artigo, por meio de regressões lineares aplicadas a todos os municípios brasileiros, analisamos a dinâmica eleitoral da política habitacional Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, considerando desde sua criação até as eleições de 2014, com resultados detalhados por modalidades, fases de implementação e aderência ao deficit habitacional. As estimativas mostram que cidades governadas por partidos pertencentes à coalizão do governo federal não receberam mais unidades habitacionais, à exceção da modalidade direcionada para o eleitorado mais pobre. Além disso, o retorno eleitoral obtido pelo PT foi positivo quando a implementação do programa esteve relacionada com o deficit habitacional, particularmente em 2010. públicas renda partidárioeleitoral. partidárioeleitoral partidário eleitoral. partidário-eleitoral artigo brasileiros Vida 2014 modalidades habitacionais pobre disso 2010 201 20 2

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the outcomes of intravitreal dexamethasone implant used as either an adjuvant or a switching therapy for diabetic macular edema in patients with poor anatomic response after three consecutive monthly injections of ranibizumab. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with diabetic macular edema who received three consecutive doses of ranibizumab as initial therapy and demonstrated poor response. A single dose of intravitreal de xamethasone implant was administered to these patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment modalities: the adjuvant therapy group, consisting of patients who continued treatment with ranibizumab injection after receiving intravitreal dexamethasone implant, and the switch therapy group, consisting of patients who were switched from ranibizumab treatment to intravitreal dexamethasone implant as needed. The main outcome measurements were best corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of follow-up. Results: In this study that included 64 eyes of 64 patients, the best corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness values did not significantly differ between the groups at baseline and at 6 months of follow-up (p>0.05). However, at 12 months, the best corrected visual acuity values in the adjuvant and switch therapy groups were 0.46 and 0.35 LogMAR, respectively (p=0.012), and the central retinal thickness values were 344.8 and 270.9, respectively (p=0.007). Conclusions: In a real-world setting, it seems more reasonable to use intravitreal dexamethasone implant as a switch therapy rather than an adjuvant therapy for diabetic macula edema refractory to ranibizumab despite three consecutive monthly injections of ranibizumab. Patients switched to intravitreal dexamethasone implant were found to have better anatomic and visual outcomes at 12 months than those who continued ranibizumab therapy despite their less-than-optimal responses. Purpose Methods modalities group needed 3 9 1 followup. followup follow up. up Results p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 0 05 (p>0.05) However 046 46 0.4 035 35 0.3 LogMAR p=0.012, p0012 p=0.012 , 012 (p=0.012) 3448 344 8 344. 2709 270 270.9 p=0.007. p0007 p=0.007 007 (p=0.007) Conclusions realworld real world setting lessthanoptimal less optimal responses p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 04 4 0. 03 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.012 34 27 270. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.007 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.01 2 (p=0.00 p>0 (p>0. p=0. (p=0.0 p> (p>0 p=0 (p=0. (p> p= (p=0 (p (p=

Resumen A través de la aplicación del concepto de subjetivación política a una investigación cualitativa, en este artículo se analizan las modalidades de participación y de apatía política en el colectivo de migrantes de origen colombiano que residen en Roma. En ambas se involucran los contextos de origen y destino donde contribuyen diversas relaciones microsociales, además del vínculo clásico ciudadano-Estado. Además, se concluye que la apatía, más que una deformación del sistema político, es un modo-estrategia a través del cual las personas entienden su mundo y se ocupan de él.

Abstract Through the application of the concept of political subjectivation to qualitative research, this article analyzes the modalities of political participation or apathy among Colombian migrants living in Rome. Both manners involve the contexts of origin and destination, where different micro-social relationships play a part, in addition to the classic citizen-State link. Furthermore, it is addressed how apathy, rather than a distorted way of approaching the political system, is a strategy through which people understand and deal with their world.

Abstract Introduction: Exercise is being incorporated into the treatment of patients on hemodialysis; however, little is known about the major characteristics of these interventions. Objective: To describe the exercise protocols prescribed for hemodialysis patients in Brazil. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following JBI and Prisma-ScR guidelines. Searches were carried out in Medline, Embase and three other databases until May 2024. Other sources (websites, books and guidelines) were also investigated. Evidence from patients on hemodialysis describing exercise protocols in all settings and designs in Brazil was included. Results: Forty-five pieces of evidence were found, resulting in 54 exercise protocols from 16 Brazilian states. Strength exercises (33.3%), followed by aerobic exercises (22.2%), were the most prescribed, mainly to be performed during dialysis (85.2%). The most prevalent professionals supervising the programs were physiotherapists and exercise physiologists (37.0% and 18.5%, respectively). All protocols implemented the principles of type and frequency training, while progression was adopted in only 53.7%. The main prescription was three times per week (88.9%). Exercise intensity was predominantly determined by subjective methods (33.3%). Conclusion: Aerobic and strength exercises during dialysis were the most commonly prescribed modalities in Brazil, with the majority of programs being properly supervised by qualified professionals. However, existing protocols have not employed systematic progression throughout the intervention, which would be appropriate for providing better physiological responses and adaptations. Introduction however interventions Objective Methods PrismaScR Prisma ScR guidelines Medline 2024 websites, websites (websites investigated included Results Fortyfive Forty five found 5 1 states 33.3%, 333 33.3% , 33 3 (33.3%) 22.2%, 222 22.2% 22 2 (22.2%) 85.2%. 852 85.2% . 85 (85.2%) 37.0% 370 37 0 (37.0 185 18 18.5% respectively. respectively respectively) training 537 53 7 53.7% 88.9%. 889 88.9% 88 9 (88.9%) 33.3%. Conclusion However intervention adaptations 202 33.3 (33.3% 22.2 (22.2% 85.2 8 (85.2% 37.0 (37. 18.5 53.7 88.9 (88.9% 20 33. (33.3 22. (22.2 85. (85.2 37. (37 18. 53. 88. (88.9 (33. (22. (85. (3 (88. (33 (22 (85 ( (88 (2 (8

Resumo Introdução: O exercício físico está sendo incorporado ao tratamento de pacientes em hemodiálise, porém pouco se sabe sobre as principais características dessas intervenções. Objetivo: Descrever os protocolos de exercício físico prescritos para pacientes em hemodiálise no Brasil. Métodos: Uma revisão de escopo foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes JBI e Prisma-ScR. Foram realizadas pesquisas na Medline, Embase e em outras três bases de dados até maio de 2024. Outras fontes (sites, livros e diretrizes) também foram pesquisadas. Foram incluídas evidências de pacientes em hemodiálise, descrevendo protocolos de exercício físico em todos os ambientes e desenhos no Brasil. Resultados: Encontradas 45 evidências, resultando em 54 protocolos de exercício físico de 16 estados brasileiros. O exercício de força (33,3%), seguido do exercício aeróbico (22,2%), foi o mais prescrito para ser realizado durante a diálise (85,2%). Os profissionais mais prevalentes na supervisão dos programas foram fisioterapeutas e profissionais de educação física (37,0% e 18,5%, respectivamente). Todos os protocolos adotaram os princípios de treinamento tipo e frequência, enquanto a progressão foi adotada em apenas 53,7%. A frequência mais prescrita foi três vezes por semana (88,9%). A intensidade do exercício foi determinada predominantemente por métodos subjetivos (33,3%). Conclusão: Os exercícios aeróbicos e de força durante a diálise foram as modalidades mais prescritas no Brasil, com a maioria dos programas sendo adequadamente supervisionada por profissionais qualificados. No entanto, os protocolos existentes não adotaram a progressão sistemática no decorrer da intervenção, o que seria adequado para proporcionar melhores respostas e adaptações fisiológicas. Introdução intervenções Objetivo Brasil Métodos PrismaScR. PrismaScR Prisma ScR. ScR Prisma-ScR Medline 2024 sites, sites (sites pesquisadas Resultados 4 5 1 brasileiros 33,3%, 333 33,3% , 33 3 (33,3%) 22,2%, 222 22,2% 22 2 (22,2%) 85,2%. 852 85,2% . 85 (85,2%) 37,0% 370 37 0 (37,0 185 18 18,5% respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) 537 53 7 53,7% 88,9%. 889 88,9% 88 9 (88,9%) 33,3%. Conclusão qualificados entanto intervenção fisiológicas 202 33,3 (33,3% 22,2 (22,2% 85,2 8 (85,2% 37,0 (37, 18,5 53,7 88,9 (88,9% 20 33, (33,3 22, (22,2 85, (85,2 37, (37 18, 53, 88, (88,9 (33, (22, (85, (3 (88, (33 (22 (85 ( (88 (2 (8

ABSTRACT The term 'stealthing' refers to non-consensual condom removal during sexual intercourse. This practice carried out against the will of the person who agreed to engage in sexual intercourse under specific modalities, such as the use of a condom, which, in turn, translates to a disruption in the consent. This article argues that in Chile the deficient regulation of sexual and reproductive rights wouldn't allow the bill about the non-consensual removal of the condom in a sexual intercourse respond to this phenomenon and its normalization. To develop this idea, has been reviewed the legal and jurisprudential situation of countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany, Netherlands, United States, Costa Rica and Colombia, as well as the pronouncement of international law on the sexual and reproductive rights. The article concludes that the lack of regulations on these rights encourages the normalization of sexually abusive behavior.

RESUMEN El término stealthing designa al retiro no consentido del preservativo durante una relación sexual. Esta práctica es realizada ante la negativa o con el desconocimiento de quien consintió tener relaciones sexuales bajo condiciones específicas, como el uso de condón, lo cual genera un quiebre en el consentimiento. Este artículo argumenta que en Chile la deficiente regulación de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos no permitiría que el proyecto de ley que busca sancionar la remoción no consentida del condón en una relación sexual dé respuesta a este fenómeno y su normalización. Para desarrollar esta idea se ha revisado tanto la situación normativa como la jurisprudencial de países como Reino Unido, Nueva Zelanda, Alemania, Países Bajos, Estados Unidos, Costa Rica y Colombia, al igual que el pronunciamiento del derecho internacional sobre los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. El artículo concluye que la falta de normativa sobre estos derechos insta a la normalización de conductas atentatorias contra la sexualidad y la reproducción.

ABSTRACT. Part of the legal literature and jurisprudence have indicated that the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods contains a general right of retention based on the interpretation of several provisions of the Convention, including Article 58 and Article 71. This work analyzes these articles to determine if they are cases of the right of retention, or rather they establish cases of exceptio non adimpleti contractus in its various modalities.

RESUMEN. Parte de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia han señalado que la Convención de Viena sobre compraventa internacional de mercaderías contempla un derecho de retención general a partir de la interpretación de varios artículos de la Convención, entre ellos, el artículo 58 y el artículo 71. El presente trabajo analiza estos artículos para determinar si realmente se trata de supuestos de derecho de retención o si, más bien, establecen supuestos de excepción de contrato no cumplido en sus diversas modalidades.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze the development and dimension of the two main return migrations of Mexicans from the United States that took place from 1900 to 1940: that of temporary migrants and that of unemployed people due to economic recessions. The central proposal of this article is that, since the beginning of the twentieth century, Mexico has been a nation of return migration. The relevance of the work is that it shows that return, in two modalities, was one of the most relevant migratory flows in this country in the first four decades of the twentieth century.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el desarrollo y la dimensión de las dos principales migraciones de retorno de mexicanos de Estados Unidos que se dieron en el periodo de 1900 a 1940: la de migrantes temporales y la de desempleados por las recesiones económicas. La propuesta central de este artículo es que, desde comienzos del siglo XX, México ha sido una nación de migración de retorno. La relevancia del trabajo es que muestra que el retorno, en dos modalidades, fue uno de los flujos migratorios más relevantes de este país en las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo XX.

Abstract. This paper establishes a dialogue between hermeneutic phenomenology-specifically that of Heideggerian inspiration-and discourse studies to reflect on the phenomenon of metaphor and its essential functioning in the production of meaning and truth, as well as in its conceptual/discursive (re)production of ideologies. There is a relative isomorphism between the operational and structural modalities of what Heidegger calls “fundamental metaphysical positions” and ideology understood according to Althusser and Van Dijk. Between the two lies the metaphor as a way of accessing the dynamics of these heterogeneous but complementary dimensions. Understanding its systematic and significant character will allow us to better understand the way in which the truth grounds our world and our factual life.

Resumen. El presente artículo entabla un diálogo entre la fenomenología hermenéutica -particularmente aquella de cuño heideggeriano- y los estudios del discurso para reflexionar sobre el fenómeno de la metáfora y su funcionamiento esencial en la producción de sentido y verdad, así como en la (re)producción conceptual/discursiva de ideologías. Existe un relativo isomorfismo entre las modalidades operativas y estructurantes de lo que Heidegger llama “posiciones metafísicas fundamentales” y la ideología entendida de acuerdo con los trabajos de Althusser y Van Dijk. Entre ambas se ubica la metáfora como vía de acceso a las dinámicas propias de estas dimensiones heterogéneas pero complementarias. Comprender su carácter sistemático y significativo nos permitirá entender mejor la manera que tiene la verdad de fundamentar nuestro mundo y nuestra vida fáctica.

Although widely acknowledged for their significance, contemporary Teacher Professional Development (TPD) initiatives have faced growing criticism due to their failure to effectively foster the seamless incorporation of technology into educators' pedagogical practices. Educators depend on their informal Communities of Practice (CoPs) rather than TPD programmes to acquire the knowledge they need to both competently and meaningfully integrate technology into their pedagogical practices. This study investigates the innovative approaches educators employ in three (n=3) Western Cape public primary schools to create a hybrid CoP in their school to improve their collective technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). The criticism of TPD efforts extends beyond primary and secondary school contexts. This challenge substantially impacts teacher education and highlights the increasing necessity for developing digital literacy among the professoriate in this discipline. The theoretical basis for this study was Wenger's (1998) CoP social learning theory and Mishra and Koehler's (2006) TPACK model. The study employed a qualitative research approach involving a cohort of 12 educators who engaged in open-ended survey questionnaires, one-on-one semi-structured interviews, and observational sessions. Additionally, the research incorporated one (n=1) school principal and two (n=2) deputy principals who actively contributed to all data collection modalities except for the survey questionnaires. Document analysis, specifically from WhatsApp group chat screenshots, was conducted across all three (n=3) schools as part of the research approach. While the data set used in this study originates from a study involving school educators, it aims to extend the findings to determine their significance for teacher education. The results revealed that the sampled educators had established an informal hybrid CoP at their respective schools through innovative approaches, such as joint enterprise, mutual engagement, and shared repertoire. These educators gained TPACK from one another throughout this process. Universities and provincial governments might profit from the findings, the knowledge gained from which could assist in their structuring of TPD programmes in ways which would foster their organic development in educators' particular employment contexts.

Abstract The present study addresses the identification and estimation of siliceous diagnostic microremains of maize (Zea mays) in archaeological contexts of North-east Argentina, contributing to the understanding of pre-Hispanic agricultural expansion in the region. The methodology involved the application of processing protocols for current and archaeological plants and sediments, establishing correlations between samples. The result of this process allowed us to calculate the number of cross-shaped morphotypes per gram of dry material in contemporary maize leaves, key information to estimate the relative abundance of diagnostic elements in archaeological cultivation areas, providing an estimation index applicable to other contexts. This analysis not only reveals the ubiquity of Zea mays at sites, but also provides a measure to estimate the approximate volume of its production at archaeological sites, addressing outstanding questions about exchange routes, horticultural modalities and needs of human groups in the past.

Resumen El presente estudio aborda la identificación y estimación de microrrestos silíceos diagnósticos de maíz (Zea mays) en plantas actuales y sitios arqueológicos del Noreste argentino, contribuyendo a la comprensión de la expansión agrícola prehispánica en la región. La metodología involucró la aplicación de protocolos de procesamiento para plantas y sedimentos actuales y arqueológicos, estableciendo correlaciones entre las muestras. El resultado de este proceso permitió calcular la cantidad de morfotipos en forma de cruz por gramo de material seco en hojas de maíz actual, información clave para estimar la abundancia relativa de elementos diagnósticos en áreas de cultivo arqueológicas, proporcionando un índice de estimación aplicable a otros contextos. Este análisis no solo revela la ubicuidad de Zea mays en los sitios, sino que también ofrece una medida para calcular el volumen aproximado de su producción en sitios arqueológicos, abordando preguntas pendientes sobre rutas de intercambio, modalidades hortícolas y necesidades y demandas de los grupos humanos en el pasado.

Abstract: In this study we identify diverse experiences of Psychology students during online classes, within the framework of Covid-19, and in face-to-face classes during the post-pandemic period. Based on a sociocultural psychology approach, we analyzed aspects of these experiences and their impact on the students' learning, emotions and socialization with peers. Five open-ended questionnaires were applied online over two semesters of face-to-face classes and a content analysis was conducted. We observed that students valued the face-to-face classes, felt happy, more focused on academics and content with their social life. However, they considered that online classes are advantageous because they allow them to save money and time in traveling to school. We thus concluded that in both modalities the students learned to recognize and highlight the advantages and inconveniences of each one.

Resumen: En el presente trabajo identificamos diversas experiencias de estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología durante las clases en línea, en el marco de la covid-19, y en las presenciales durante la pospandemia. Desde un enfoque de psicología sociocultural, analizamos aspectos de dichas experiencias sobre su aprendizaje, sus emociones y su socialización con pares. Se aplicaron en línea cinco cuestionarios con respuestas abiertas a lo largo de dos semestres de clases presenciales y se realizó un análisis de contenido. Encontramos que las y los estudiantes valoraron las clases presenciales, se sintieron felices, más concentrados en lo académico y contentos con la vida social. Empero, consideraron que las clases en línea son favorables porque les permiten ahorrar dinero y tiempo en traslados a la escuela. Se concluye que en ambas modalidades el estudiantado aprendió a reconocer y destacar las ventajas y desventajas de cada una.

Abstract Qualitative research has traditionally relied on specific methodologies for data collection, with interviews being the predominant and preferred approach. Vast quantities of information have been published regarding traditional mechanisms for collecting qualitative data, but few studies have addressed more unconventional mechanisms such as body mapping. This is a distinctive technique commonly used in health sciences. It offers a versatile alternative that encourages participant creativity, reflexivity, and protagonism. It was adapted for use in an educational study with the aim of eliciting participants' constructivist experiences and emotions related to a particular social phenomenon. It was used as part of a descriptive case study which employed two other triangulation techniques, namely semi-structured virtual interviews, and document collection. After the researchers’ reflective processes, it was concluded that body mapping represented an ideal means to facilitate the data collection process. The primary objective of the study, grounded in qualitative research, was to explore the perceptions of five primary English teachers in the Sarapiquí Regional Directorate of Education in Costa Rica regarding the return to in-person education amid the COVID-19 public health crisis. For the body mapping technique, three participants engaged in a face-to-face session, structured into seven phases: map outlining, reflections on distance education, reflections on combined education, reflections on in-person education, finalization of body maps, testimony giving, and concluding reflections on the technique. Although the focus was on in-person education (2022), the distance and combined modalities (2020-2021) were used to activate participants’ prior knowledge and to provide context for the study. This paper demonstrates the procedure followed in applying the body mapping technique for qualitative data collection in a study on the perspective and experiences of teachers, and highlights the valuable insights gained through its use.

Abstract Taxonomic identification provides relevant and unique data for the management of woody resources. However, taxonomic analysis cannot provide information on other equally important aspects that allow us to understand the management of this resource. The characterization of the state of wood used as fuel will allow activities related to of firewood supply to be evaluated. The objective of this work is to understand the modalities of woody fuel acquisition among hunter-gatherer groups. For this purpose, the alterations present in carbonized wood remains from six archaeological sites in Argentine Patagonia were identified and characterized. The results obtained allowed the use of healthy, altered or green wood as fuel to be identified in each case. Moreover, the results enabled the management of wood fuel by societies characterized by high residential mobility to be discussed from a different perspective.

Resumen La determinación taxonómica proporciona datos relevantes y únicos sobre la gestión de los recursos leñosos. No obstante, el análisis taxonómico no puede dar información sobre otros aspectos igualmente importantes que permiten comprender la gestión de este recurso. La caracterización del estado de la madera utilizada como combustible permitirá evaluar las actividades de aprovisionamiento de la leña. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender las modalidades de adquisición del combustible leñoso, entre grupos cazadores-recolectores. Con este objetivo se identificaron y caracterizaron las alteraciones presentes en restos de madera carbonizada, procedentes de seis sitios arqueológicos de la Patagonia argentina. Los resultados alcanzados permitieron identificar en cada caso, el uso de madera sana, alterada, verde, como combustible. Por otro lado, permitieron discutir desde una perspectiva diferente la gestión del combustible leñoso llevada a cabo por sociedades caracterizadas por una alta movilidad residencial.

Abstract The essay aims to discuss the functions of technological knowledge in social management, and the premises that justify its performance as a solution to social problems linked, specifically, to poverty. In the social field, technological knowledge has gained a recognized place of performance with respect to its technical potential for the development of solutions in the field of social assistance policy; Based on the supposed neutrality they carry, the instrumental and symbolic functions they perform constitute the bases of their legitimation as expert knowledge capable of offering “optimal” solutions. This impulse is related to local conditions of possibility, but also to the role of international organizations in the development of public policy; his statements regarding the premises that States should follow to address social problems, and the strategies to make their reform programs work. The reflection from the Uruguayan case on the trajectory of technological knowledge in the social field in the first decades of the 21st century, allows us to identify the devices and mechanisms with technological supports that define modalities and criteria for the assignment of social services, which have in turn, modeling effects on professional practices historically linked to care and the execution of social policies.

Resumen El ensayo se propone discutir las funciones de los saberes de la tecnología1 en la gestión de lo social, y las premisas que justifican su desempeño en tanto solución a los problemas sociales vinculados, específicamente, a la pobreza. En el campo social, los saberes de la tecnología han ganado un reconocido lugar de desempeño respecto a sus potencialidades técnicas para la elaboración de soluciones en el ámbito de la política socioasistencial2; a partir de la supuesta neutralidad que portan, las funciones instrumentales y simbólicas que desempeñan, constituyen las bases de su legitimación como saberes expertos capaces de ofrecer soluciones “óptimas”. Este impulso se relaciona con condiciones de posibilidades locales, pero también con el papel de los organismos internacionales en la elaboración de política pública, sus señalamien tos respecto a las premisas que los Estados deberían seguir para abordar los problemas sociales, y las estrategias para hacer funcionar sus programas de reformas. La reflexión desde el caso uruguayo sobre la trayectoria de los saberes de la tecnología en el campo social en las primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI, permite identificar los dispositivos y mecanismos con soportes tecnológicos que definen modalidades y criterios para la asignación de servicios sociales, que tienen a su vez, efectos de modelación sobre las prácticas profesionales ligadas históricamente al cuidado y la ejecución de políticas sociales.