Résumé Cet article aborde les résultats d’une étude ethnographique sur les expériences de violence de genre vécues par les migrantes aymaras boliviennes employées dans l’agriculture ou le commerce agricole en périphérie des territoires chiliens de la Triple-frontière Andine. Notre objectif est d’analyser les agressions subies par les femmes dans leur cadre familial. Nous utiliserons les récits de 30 femmes pour décrire les agressions perpétrées par les figures masculines de leurs familles d’origine (pères, frères, beaux-pères), mais aussi par leurs mères. De plus, nous observerons comment ces abus se répètent dans les relations qu’elles construisent avec leurs propres partenaires et leurs enfants. Nous verrons qu’il existe une différence potentielle dans la violence du côté chilien et bolivien de la frontière, et que la reconnaissance de cette différence motive la mobilité transfrontalière féminine. Le texte vise à contribuer et à discuter des débats sur la violence de genre dans les contextes frontaliers. dune d lagriculture l agriculture Triplefrontière Triple frontière Andine danalyser analyser familial 3 dorigine origine pères, pères (pères frères beauxpères, beauxpères beaux , beaux-pères) mères plus quelles qu elles enfants quil il féminine frontaliers beaux-pères

Resumo Este artigo trata dos resultados de um estudo etnográfico sobre as experiências de violência de gênero de migrantes aimarás bolivianas empregadas na agricultura ou no comércio agrícola na periferia dos territórios chilenos da Tríplice Fronteira Andina. Nosso objetivo é analisar as agressões sofridas pelas mulheres em seu ambiente familiar. Analisaremos as narrativas de 30 mulheres para descrever as agressões perpetradas pelas figuras masculinas de suas famílias de origem (pais, irmãos, padrastos), e também pelas suas mães. Observaremos como esses abusos se repetem nas relações que estas migrantes constroem com seus próprios parceiros e com seus filhos. Veremos que há uma diferença potencial da violência nos territórios chilenos e bolivianos da fronteira e que o reconhecimento dessa diferença motiva a mobilidade transfronteiriça feminina. O texto busca contribuir aos debates sobre a violência de gênero em contextos de fronteira. Andina familiar 3 pais, pais (pais irmãos padrastos, padrastos , padrastos) mães filhos feminina

Abstract This article presents the results of an ethnographic study on the experiences of gender-based violence of Aymara Bolivian women employed in agriculture or agricultural trade in the outskirts of Chilean territories of the Andean tri-border region. Our objective is to analyze the aggressions that women suffer in their family circles. We will analyze the narratives of 30 women to describe the aggressions perpetrated by the male figures in their families of origin (fathers, brothers, stepfathers), and their mothers. In addition, we will observe how these abuses are repeated in the relationships that they build with their partners and children. We will see a potential difference in violence between the Chilean and Bolivian border territories, and recognizing this difference motivates female cross-border mobility. The text seeks to contribute to the discussions on gender-based violence in border contexts. genderbased gender based triborder tri region circles 3 fathers, fathers (fathers brothers stepfathers, stepfathers , stepfathers) mothers addition children crossborder cross mobility contexts

Resumen Este artículo aborda los resultados de un estudio etnográfico sobre las experiencias de violencia de género de migrantes aymara bolivianas empleadas en la agricultura o en el comercio agrícola en la periferia de los territorios chilenos de la Triple-Frontera Andina. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las agresiones que sufren las mujeres en su ámbito familiar. Retomaremos las narrativas de 30 mujeres para describir las agresiones perpetradas por las figuras masculinas de sus familias de origen (padres, hermanos, padrastros), pero también por sus madres. Además, observaremos cómo estos abusos se repiten en las relaciones que construyen con sus propias parejas y con sus hijos. Veremos que existe una diferencia potencial en la violencia del lado chileno y boliviano de la frontera y que el reconocimiento de esta diferencia motiva la movilidad transfronteriza femenina. El texto busca aportar y discutir en torno a los debates sobre violencia de género en contextos fronterizos. TripleFrontera Triple Frontera Andina familiar 3 padres, padres (padres hermanos padrastros, padrastros , padrastros) madres Además hijos femenina fronterizos

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita (OI). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 crianças e adolescentes com OI. Foram avaliados prontuários médicos, uso de bisfosfonatos, características socioeconômicas, dinamometria de preensão palmar, equilíbrio, hipermobilidade articular, nível de deambulação e escores do Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT). Os dados foram apresentados em média e desvio padrão e comparados por teste t por Mann-Whitney, enquanto os categóricos foram apresentados em frequência e comparados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Análises intragrupos foram realizadas por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) ou Teste de Wilcoxon para postos sinalizados. O teste Tau-b de Kendall foi usado para correlações. Resultados: A idade variou de 6 a 18 anos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Casos moderados/graves (n=10) apresentaram menor estatura e força muscular comparadas às dos leves (n=20). Fraqueza muscular foi observada em todos os casos de OI quando comparados à população normal. Não houve diferença nos domínios do PEDI-CAT com exceção do domínio mobilidade. Houve correlação entre o número de fraturas, tipo de OI, peso e equilíbrio e o domínio mobilidade; e entre os domínios Atividades Diárias e Mobilidade e Responsabilidade e Social/cognitivo do PEDI-CAT. Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que crianças com OI moderada/severa podem atingir o mesmo nível de funcionalidade que crianças com a forma leve. Fraturas podem ter grande influência no nível de funcionalidade e o tratamento deve enfocar a prevenção e a reabilitação desses eventos. Objetivo . (OI) Métodos 3 médicos bisfosfonatos socioeconômicas palmar articular PEDICAT. PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT) MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney Fisher ANCOVA (ANCOVA sinalizados Taub Tau b correlações Resultados 1 anos doença moderadosgraves moderados graves n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) normal mobilidade fraturas Socialcognitivo Social cognitivo CAT. Conclusões moderadasevera moderada severa leve eventos (OI (PEDI-CAT n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall’s Tau-b test. Results: The participants involved in this study were 6–18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. Conclusions: The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur. Objective . (OI) Methods crosssectional cross sectional 3 records bisphosphonates status balance hypermobility level InventoryComputer Inventory Computer PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT assessed Students Student s ttest t test MannWhitney Mann Whitney Fishers Fisher Withingroup Within signedrank signed rank Kendalls Kendall Taub Tau b Results 618 6 18 6–1 old severity moderatesevere moderate severe n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) population fractures type weight activities responsibility socialcognitive social cognitive domains Conclusions occur (OI 61 1 6– n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

Resumen Se estudia el emprendimiento y la reintegración de personas colombianas que migraron a Venezuela hacia el año 2000 y fueron deportadas a Colombia en 2015 por el gobierno venezolano. Se investiga hasta qué punto sus movilidades espaciales transfronterizas y sus redes sociales contribuyen al avance de sus microemprendimientos, y cómo el contexto geopolítico influye en su reintegración socioeconómica. La metodología comprende la observación etnográfica multisituada, las entrevistas biográficas, los mapas mentales y los talleres participativos Minga realizados con 18 individuos. Se concluye que, pese a su notable resiliencia, las personas en retorno y sus emprendimientos se enfrentan a una precariedad constante debido a la falta de apoyo estatal, los conflictos geopolíticos prevalentes, la débil economía local y el trauma de la deportación. Así mismo, buscando mejorar su reintegración socioeconómica, los migrantes que retornan efectúan estrategias de movilidad transfronteriza para aprovechar las oportunidades ofrecidas por diferentes lugares en Colombia y Venezuela.

Abstract This paper explores the entrepreneurship and reintegration of Colombians who migrated to Venezuela around 2000 and were arbitrarily deported to Colombia in 2015 by the Venezuelan government. It asks to what extent their cross-border spatial mobilities and social networks help develop their microenterprises and how the geopolitical context influences their socioeconomic reintegration. The methodology includes multi-sited ethnographic observation, biographical interviews, mental maps, and participatory Minga workshops carried out with 18 individuals. It is concluded that, despite their remarkable resilience, these individuals and their business ventures face constant precarity due to a lack of state support, prevalent geopolitical conflicts, a weak local economy, and the trauma of deportation. At the same time, in an attempt to improve their socioeconomic reintegration, returning migrants deploy cross-border mobility strategies to take advantage of the opportunities offered by different localities in Colombia and Venezuela.

Resumen El artículo se centra en las construcciones subjetivas que las personas (transmigrantes) desarrollan en la ciudad de Tapachula, Chiapas, en su tránsito hacia Estados Unidos. Se realiza un análisis de contenido cualitativo a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad para comprender las formas en que los individuos se relacionan con las estructuras sociales e intentan subvertirlas o transformarlas por medio de estrategias que les permiten sobrellevar la situación de espera. La inmovilidad dentro de la movilidad humana y cómo en ella se tejen nuevas subjetividades representa el rasgo de originalidad de este artículo. Se concluye que la marginación estructural a la que son sometidas las personas transmigrantes puede superarse por medio de acciones que, a pesar de su apariencia inocua, cuentan con un potencial simbólico considerable para desestabilizar los discursos hegemónicos que establecen una separación entre formas de existir, concepciones y maneras de proceder en el mundo.

Abstract This text focuses on the subjective constructions that people (transmigrants) develop in the city of Tapachula, Chiapas on their way to the United States. A qualitative content analysis is carried out based on in-depth semi-structured interviews to understand the ways in which individuals relate to social structures and try to subvert or transform them through strategies that allow them to cope with the waiting situation. Standby. Immobility within human mobility and how new subjectivities are woven into it represents the trait of originality of this article. It is concluded that the structural marginalization to which transmigrants are endured can be overcome through actions that, despite their innocuous appearance, have considerable symbolic potential to destabilize hegemonic discourses that strengthen a separation between ways of existing, conceptions and ways of proceeding in the world.

Resumen El siguiente trabajo sugiere abandonar el concepto de migraciones trans* y/o exilio como nombramiento de los desplazamientos geográficos de personas transfemeninas y travestis, proponiendo conceptualizar tales desplazamientos geográficos como movilidades migratorias. Para ejemplificar el uso del concepto propuesto se dan a conocer los datos de un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado con transfeminidades de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, en Argentina. Esa investigación buscó relevar las condiciones materiales de vida y los factores que obligaban y/o empujaban a la migración. El dato principal es que la movilidad aparece como un hito en sus biografías, pero que, además, se la concibe como un proyecto abierto de varios movimientos, y de idas y venidas concebidas como retornos. Este trabajo apuesta al concepto de movilidad migratoria, ya que habilita dos aristas nuevas de análisis sobre los desplazamientos geográficos de las personas transfemeninas.

Abstract The following study suggests abandoning the concept of trans* migrations and/or exile in favor of naming geographical displacements of transfeminine and transvestite people, proposing to conceptualize these as migration mobilities. To exemplify the use of the proposed concept, data from an ethnographic field work carried out with transfemininities from the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina, will be presented. This research sought to reveal the material of living conditions and migration factors that forced and/or pushed migration. The main fact is that mobility appears as a milestone in their biographies, conceived not only as an open project of various movements, but also as comings and goings conceived as returns. This work focuses on the concept of migration mobility, since it enables two new aspects of analysis regarding the geographical displacements of transfeminine people.

Resumen En este artículo se indagan las desigualdades en los itinerarios internacionales de entradas y salidas en el sistema universitario vinculando las migraciones con la educación y las movilidades académicas. A partir de un análisis cuantitativo de fuentes primarias y secundarias, se explora la presencia de estudiantes migrantes y de intercambio de grado y posgrado en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), así como las movilidades desde esta institución hacia diversos destinos del mundo. Entre los principales hallazgos destaca la identificación de espacios relativamente jerarquizados y un perfil selectivo de estudiantes en las movilidades que se encuadran en las políticas de internacionalización. Sobresale una mayor heterogeneidad de perfiles entre estudiantes de la UNC nacidos en el extranjero. El principal aporte del artículo es que se analizan simultáneamente movilidades que suelen observarse por separado, lo que permite vislumbrar los diversos recorridos de los estudiantes signados por el origen de la clase social.

ABSTRACT This paper researches the inequalities in the international itineraries of entrances and exits in the university system, linking migrations with education and academic mobility. With this purpose, it is explored from a quantitative analysis of primary and secondary sources, the presence of migrant students and undergraduate and graduate exchange students at the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), and the mobilities from the same institution to various destinations in the world. Among the main findings, the identification of relatively hierarchical spaces and a selective profile of students in the mobilities that fall within the internationalization policies stand out. Meanwhile, among UNC students born abroad, a greater heterogeneity of profiles stands out. The main contribution of this article is to simultaneously analyze mobilities that are usually observed separately, allowing us to glimpse various routes of mobile students, marked by their social class origin.

Abstract The study of environmental comfort in open urban spaces has undergone constant updates in the last decades. In the meantime, the specific analysis of these aspects within the context of walkability stands out as an area with considerable potential to be investigated. In this context, this article aims to explore walkability in pedestrian routes and its relationship with environmental comfort, proposing a more systematized approach for its application in the strategic planning of cities. Therefore, we proposed the construction of a Pedestrian Walkability and Comfort Index (ICCP), composed of three partial indices that consider thermal, acoustic, and ergonomic aspects of pedestrian paths. The methodology is based on street visualization tools and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to spatialize and systematize the interactions between walkability and environmental comfort. The research concludes that ICCP is a valid tool for measuring walkability at meso and micro scales, and it can be replicated in other urban contexts. Furthermore, the development and application of ICCP also highlight that rethinking walkability with environmental comfort in urban areas requires an integrated approach to the entire mobility system and urban infrastructure of cities. decades meantime investigated cities Therefore ICCP, , (ICCP) thermal acoustic paths GIS (GIS scales contexts Furthermore (ICCP

Resumo O estudo do conforto ambiental em espaços urbanos abertos está em constante crescimento. Contudo, a análise específica desses aspectos no contexto da caminhabilidade destaca-se como uma área com considerável potencial a ser investigado. Neste contexto, este artigo busca explorar a caminhabilidade nos percursos de pedestres e sua relação com o conforto ambiental, propondo uma abordagem sistematizada para sua aplicação no planejamento urbano estratégico. Propõe-se, assim, a construção de um Índice de Caminhabilidade e Conforto do Pedestre (ICCP) composto por três índices parciais que levam em consideração aspectos térmicos, acústicos e ergonômicos dos percursos de pedestres. A metodologia utilizada é baseada no uso de ferramentas de visualização de ruas e ferramentas de Sistemas de Informação geográfica (SIG) para espacializar e sistematizar as interações entre caminhabilidade e conforto ambiental. A pesquisa conclui que o ICCP se constitui como ferramenta válida para aferição da caminhabilidade na meso e microescalas, podendo ser replicada em outros contextos urbanos. Por último, a construção e aplicação do ICCP evidenciam, ainda, que repensar a caminhabilidade com conforto ambiental no meio urbano requerem uma abordagem integrada de todo o sistema de mobilidade e de infraestrutura urbana das cidades. crescimento Contudo destacase destaca investigado estratégico Propõese, Propõese Propõe se, Propõe-se assim (ICCP térmicos SIG (SIG microescalas último evidenciam ainda cidades

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es subrayar las condiciones que impactan directamente a la población migrante en contextos sociohistóricos concretos en las fronteras Colombia-Venezuela y México- Centroamérica, donde se profundiza una situación precaria agravada por la violencia asociada a problemas de orden político. Dichas condiciones de deterioro precipitan la decisión de migrar y han convertido a la movilidad en la única estrategia para preservar la vida. Al examinar las circunstancias particulares, se evidencia que los cambios en las dinámicas transfronterizas están emparentados con una acción estatal que privilegia el control fronterizo y que la persistente precarización de la población en tránsito es acentuada por el accionar criminal. Así mismo, las respuestas sociales oscilan entre la asistencia y la protección de la población migrante, y la hostilidad que acompaña la estigmatización. migración transfronteriza, violencia y derechos humanos, acción estatal, México-Centroamérica, Colombia-Venezuela

Abstract This article aims to highlight the conditions directly impacting the migrant population in specific sociohistorical contexts on the Colombia-Venezuela and Mexico-Central America borders. Here, a precarious situation worsens, aggravated by violence. These are conditions associated with problems of a political order, which highlight the role of persistent violence in the deterioration of a dignified life, precipitating the decision to migrate and turning mobility into the only strategy to preserve life. An examination of the particular circumstances shows that the changes in cross-border dynamics are related to state actions that favor border control, a persistent precariousness of the population in transit deepened by criminal activities and some social responses that oscillate between assistance and protection of the migrant population, alongside the hostility that accompanies stigmatization.

Resumen El acercamiento econométrico que propone este artículo a indicadores sociodemográficos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, como nacimientos, defunciones y egresos hospitalarios de la población venezolana en Ecuador entre 2015 y 2022, muestra un impacto notable en el saldo migratorio de esta comunidad. El crecimiento sostenido de migrantes venezolanos en el país subraya la importancia de diseñar políticas públicas que atiendan la evidencia de los datos obtenidos y apliquen un enfoque en derechos humanos. El estudio muestra que una de las necesidades más urgentes de esta población es el acceso a la salud pública.

Abstract This article's econometric approach to socio-demographic indicators from the National Institute of Statistics and Census, such as births, deaths and hospital discharges of the Venezuelan population in Ecuador between 2015 and 2022, shows a notable impact on the migratory balance of this community. The sustained growth of Venezuelan migrants in the country underlines the importance of designing public policies that address the evidence of the data obtained and apply a human rights approach. The study shows that one of the most urgent needs of this population is access to public health.

Abstract: The integration of electric mobility is real nowadays. Government policies increasingly focus on encouraging the use of electric vehicles (EVs); particularly, replacing conventional public mobility with electric buses. An adequate energy management of electric bus systems must optimize resource usage, and extend the lifespan of transport units and charging stations, while providing quality service to users. The performance of the EV transport system depends on various deterministic and stochastic variables that need to be accurately simulated to analyze its behavior as closely as possible to real conditions. In this study, a model for the energy analysis of EVs has been implemented, by using the software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) and applying it to public transport routes in Quito, Ecuador. Through the executed simulations, energy consumption has been estimated and, a sensitivity analysis of the energy consumption of electric bus units to the variations in relevant parameters in the energy management of public transport systems, has been carried out. The impact of certain parameters on energy consumption has been verified, by indicating a significant decrease in the autonomy of EVs on the simulated route under very similar to reality operating conditions. For study case, autonomy reduction of electric bus is around 27% in comparison with manufacturer's specifications. The analysis of energy performance under various traffic scenarios will allow future optimizations of the electric public transport system operation, since traffic levels, variable traffic flow, and pronounced changes in terrain elevation, are considered.

Resumen: La integración de la movilidad eléctrica es una realidad en el mundo actual, las políticas gubernamentales se enfocan cada vez más en incentivar el uso de vehículos eléctricos (VE) particulares, pero, principalmente en reemplazar la movilidad pública convencional por el uso de buses eléctricos. Una adecuada gestión energética de los sistemas de buses eléctricos debe optimizar el uso de recursos, prolongando la vida útil de las unidades de transporte, estaciones de carga y brindando siempre un servicio de calidad a sus usuarios. El desempeño del sistema de transporte mediante VE depende de diversas variables determinísticas y estocásticas que necesitan ser debidamente simuladas a fin de analizar su comportamiento, lo más cercano a las condiciones reales. En el presente trabajo, mediante la aplicación del software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), se ha implementado un modelo para el análisis energético de VE y se lo ha aplicado en rutas de transporte público en Quito-Ecuador. A partir de las simulaciones realizadas se ha estimado el consumo energético y se ha efectuado un análisis de sensibilidad del consumo energético de las unidades de buses eléctricos ante variaciones de parámetros relevantes en la gestión energética de sistemas de transporte público. Para el caso de estudio se comprueba la reducción de la autonomía del bus eléctrico en 27% de acuerdo con la información del fabricante. El análisis del desempeño energético realizado bajo diversos escenarios de tráfico permitirá en futuros trabajos optimizar la operación de los sistemas de transporte público eléctrico, considerando niveles de tráfico, flujo vehicular variable y pronunciados desniveles en su relieve.

Abstract The present article presents the results of the research entitled “Women, Violence, and Fear in the Public Space of Colombian Cities: A Comparative Analysis of Medellín, Bogotá, and Cali” funded by CODI and the Research Center of the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences at the University of Antioquia. In this study, the causal conditions that affect the presence of livable public spaces for women are examined, using the comparative configurational method and the fsQCA software, in order to establish a sufficient explanation for the existence of this habitability. The analytical framework used was the feminist geography of difference. The data collection techniques were survey and documentary tracking. It is concluded that the minimum implications for the presence of habitable public spaces for women are two: mobility and effective accessibility, and the availability of inclusive and safe cultural offerings. In addition, it is found that gender is a necessary condition, but not a sufficient one, for the space to be habitable.

Resumen El presente artículo expone los resultados de la investigación titulada “Mujeres, violencia y miedo en el espacio público de las ciudades colombianas: un análisis comparado de Medellín, Bogotá y Cali”, financiado por el CODI y el Centro de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la Universidad de Antioquia. En esta se estudiaron las condiciones causales que inciden en la presencia de espacios públicos habitables para las mujeres, se utilizó el método configuracional comparado y el software fsQCA, con el fin de establecer la explicación suficiente para que esta habitabilidad se dé. El marco analítico utilizado fue la geografía feminista de la diferencia. Las técnicas de recolección de información empleadas fueron la encuesta y el rastreo documental. Se concluyó que las implicaciones mínimas para la presencia de espacios públicos habitables para las mujeres son dos: la movilidad y accesibilidad efectiva y la disponibilidad de propuestas culturales incluyentes y seguras. Adicionalmente, se estableció que el género es condición necesaria, más no suficiente, para que el espacio sea habitable.

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe some characteristics of pulmonary function in four para-swimmers with spinal cord injury from Cali-Colombia. Four paraswimmers with spinal cord injury of any neurological level who signed the informed consent form were included. Sociodemographic, clinical, athletic, anthropometric, functional independence and, pulmonary function by spirometry and thoracic mobility by cirtometry data were collected. The results show four patients between 26 and 42 years old, with neurological levels between T2-T4 and T10-T11. None of the cases had a history of respiratory diseases before or after the injury, two of the cases had a history of smoking. The cases had been practicing the sport for between three and twelve months, all with normal weight according to BMI; with mild dependence according to the Barthel Index. In addition, they presented FEV1/FVC values between 83 % and 93 % of predicted value. The best thoracic mobility was between 1.5 and 5.6 cm at the axillary level, and between 1.5 and 2.5 cm at the xiphoid level. It is concluded that the subjects had no changes in pulmonary function, that the athletes with a history of smoking and a higher level of injury presented a decrease in thoracic mobility, and that training in water can provide benefits at the pulmonary level.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir algunas características de la función pulmonar de cuatro paranadores con lesión medular de Cali-Colombia. Se incluyeron cuatro deportistas de iniciación deportiva de para-natación con lesión medular de cualquier nivel neurológico, quienes firmaron el consentimiento informado. Se tomaron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, deportivos, antropométricos, independencia funcional y función pulmonar mediante espirometría y movilidad torácica mediante la cirtometría. Los resultados evidencian cuatro paranadores entre 26 y 42 años, con niveles neurológicos entre T2-T4 y T10-T11. Ninguno de los casos presentó enfermedades respiratorias pre y post lesión, dos de los casos presentaron historial tabáquico. Los casos llevaban entre tres y doce meses practicando el deporte, todos con normopeso según IMC; con dependencia leve según Índice de Barthel. Además, presentaron valores entre 83 % y 93 % del valor predicho en la relación VEF1/CVF. La mejor toma de la movilidad torácica a nivel axilar estuvo entre 1,5 y 5,6 cm y a nivel xifoideo entre 1,5 y 2,5 cm. Se concluye que los sujetos no tuvieron alteraciones en la función pulmonar, que los deportistas con historial tabáquico y nivel de lesión más alto presentaron disminución en la movilidad torácica, el entrenamiento en agua puede otorgar beneficios a nivel pulmonar.

Abstract This research analyzes how individual characteristics (area of origin, skin color, economic status of origin and education) and structural factors (economic growth and trade openness) influence in Mexico the opportunities to obtain a high level of economic well-being. Using a IV-probit model estimated in two stages with instrumental variables in a context of complex samples, it is identified that people born in homes with low economic status, originating from rural localities and with brown skin have lower probabilities of economic success compared to people of non-low economic status, from urban areas and light skin. The findings also reveal that economic growth and educational achievement increase the probabilities of obtaining a high economic status, but the increase in probabilities is bigger for people of non-low economic origin, coming from urban areas and light skin. Finally, through the different rates of growth and school achievement, the differences in economic well-being widen, which indicates an increase in inequality between privileged and non-privileged groups. This research is innovative since it not only analyzes the effect of economic growth and academic achievement on social mobility, but also provides an empirical method that investigates the effect of growth and academic achievement on inequality of opportunities for socioeconomic advancement. The results indicate the existence of irrational mobility barriers based on criteria over which the individual has no control.

Resumen La presente investigación analiza cómo influyen en México las características del individuo (ámbito de origen, color de piel, estatus económico de origen y educación) y los factores estructurales (crecimiento económico y apertura comercial) en las oportunidades de obtener un nivel de bienestar económico alto. Por medio de un modelo probit, estimado en dos etapas con variables instrumentales en un contexto de muestras complejas, se identifica que las personas nacidas en hogares con estatus económico bajo, originarias de localidades rurales y de piel morena, tienen menores probabilidades de éxito económico con respecto a las personas de estatus de origen económico no-bajo, provenientes del ámbito urbano y piel clara. Los hallazgos también revelan que el crecimiento económico y el logro escolar aumentan las probabilidades de obtener un estatus económico alto, pero el incremento de probabilidades no es homogéneo, sino que favorece en mayor medida a personas de origen económico no-bajo, provenientes del ámbito urbano y piel clara. Finalmente, se identifica que, a través de las distintas tasas de crecimiento y logro escolar, las diferencias en el bienestar económico se amplían, lo que indica aumento de la desigualdad entre grupos privilegiados y no-privilegiados. La ruta de investigación es innovadora ya que no solo analiza el efecto del crecimiento económico y el logro académico en la movilidad social, sino que también aporta un método empírico que indaga el efecto del crecimiento y el logro académico en la desigualdad de oportunidades de ascenso socioeconómico. Los resultados indican la existencia de barreras de movilidad irracionales basadas en criterios sobre los que el individuo no tiene control.

Abstract In this work we present the first results of prospective and stratigraphic studies in a new archaeological locality located in Paso Gregores (lower basin of the Deseado River, province of Santa Cruz). It is an intermediate space between the sea coast and the interior plateaus of the Deseado Massif. Various archaeological contexts were recorded, among which the rock shelters with the presence of rock art stand out. The locality has an interesting interpretative potential regarding discussions related to the initial settlement and the breadth of the ranges of action of the human groups that occupied the area during the middle and late Holocene. The new evidence of occupation recorded about 50 km from the Atlantic coast, near the limit of the marine influence of the Deseado estuary, is framed in a scenario suitable for discussing the implications of the coast-inland connections and vice versa. The survey of rock paintings, with similar characteristics to sites located to the west, added to their absence on the marine coast, suggests that the occupations in the Paso Gregores Locality would have been structured around ranges of mobility associated with the interior territory, in relationship with the exploitation of guanacos and local raw materials.

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos los primeros resultados de estudios prospectivos y estratigráficos en una nueva localidad arqueológica emplazada en Paso Gregores (cuenca inferior del río Deseado, provincia de Santa Cruz). Se trata de un espacio intermedio entre el litoral marino y las mesetas interiores del Macizo del Deseado. Se registraron variados contextos arqueológicos, entre los que se destacan los abrigos rocosos con presencia de arte rupestre. La localidad posee un interesante potencial interpretativo respecto de discusiones relacionadas con el poblamiento inicial y la amplitud de los rangos de acción de los grupos humanos que ocuparon el área durante el Holoceno medio y tardío. Las nuevas evidencias de ocupación registradas a unos 50 km de la costa atlántica, en cercanías del límite de la influencia marina de la ría Deseado, se enmarcan en un escenario apto para discutir las implicancias de las conexiones costa-interior y viceversa. El relevamiento de pinturas rupestres, con características similares respecto de sitios emplazados hacia el oeste, sumado a su ausencia en el litoral marino, sugiere que las ocupaciones en la Localidad Paso Gregores se habrían estructurado en torno a rangos de movilidad asociados al territorio interior, en relación con la explotación de guanacos y materias primas locales.

O debate acadêmico sobre internacionalização do ensino superior, acumulado nas últimas três décadas, discorre sobre estratégias de políticas científicas de universidades e governos no intuito de galgarem melhores posições em rankings universitários. No Brasil, a internacionalização está bastante vinculada à Avaliação dos Programas de Pós-graduação (CAPES), sendo um dos principais indicadores, meta fundamental para o desenvolvimento científico e excelência do ensino superior do país. Esta pesquisa realiza uma análise cientométrica da produção do conhecimento sobre o tema a partir de 251 teses e dissertações, defendidas entre 2013-2022, com o objetivo de responder: a) quais os temas predominantes nessas produções e como eles dialogam entre si? b) Como essa produção se comporta em suas dimensões geográfica, institucional e de campo de conhecimento? Como resultados, constatamos que a produção se destaca nas áreas de Educação e Administração, com concentração na região sul. Tematicamente, é significativa a ênfase na avaliação da ciência e dos programas de pós-graduação, a dimensão estudantil em programas de mobilidade internacional, além de aspectos relativos ao ensino. A análise de rede bimodal (áreas e palavras) nos permite indicar a evidência de pelo menos quatro agendas de pesquisa: (i) Políticas educacionais e de ensino, com ênfase para a pós-graduação, (ii) Gestão e planejamento do ensino e das IES, (iii) Língua estrangeira e colonialidade, e (iv) Políticas governamentais, regulação e produção acadêmica.

The academic debate about internationalization of higher education, which has accumulated over the last three decades, discusses the scientific policy strategies of universities and governments in order to achieve better positions in university rankings. In Brazil, internationalization is linked to the Evaluation of Postgraduate Programmes (CAPES), which is one of the main indicators, and is a fundamental goal for scientific development and excellence in higher education in the country. This research conducts a scientometric analysis of the production of knowledge on the subject from 251 theses and dissertations defended between 2013-2022, with the aim of answering: a) what are the predominant themes in these productions and how do they dialogue with each other? b) How does this production behave in its geographical, institutional and field of knowledge dimensions? We found that the production stands out in the areas of Education and Administration, with a concentration in the southern region. Thematically, there is a significant emphasis on the evaluation of science and postgraduate programs, the student dimension in international mobility programs, and aspects related to teaching. In addition, the bimodal network analysis (areas and words) allows us to point to evidence of at least four research agendas: (i) Educational and teaching policies, with an emphasis on postgraduate level, (ii) Management and planning of teaching and HEIs, (iii) Foreign language and coloniality, and (iv) Government policies, regulation and academic production.