RESUMO: O estudo das relações genotípicas entre índices de tolerância à seca e caracteres agronômicos de interesse no melhoramento de trigo é útil para traçar estratégias de seleção. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar as relações de causa e efeito entre características agronômicas e índices de tolerância à seca via análise de correlações canônicas. Dois ensaios (controle e estresse) foram conduzidos no inverno de 2020 em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Foram avaliados os caracteres (dias para o espigamento, altura da planta, massa e número de grãos por espiga, massa de cem grãos e rendimento de grãos). Os dados de produtividade dos ensaios de controle e estresse foram utilizados para construir cinco índices de tolerância à seca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de modelos mistos para estimação dos parâmetros genéticos e predição dos valores genotípicos (REML/BLUP), em seguida, os valores genotípicos foram utilizados para calcular os coeficientes de correlação entre os caracteres. Dois grupos de caracteres foram estabelecidos para o estudo das correlações canônicas, sendo o primeiro grupo constituído pelas variáveis agronômicas e o segundo pelos índices de tolerância à seca. Houve efeito significativo de genótipo para todas as características avaliadas. Os pares canônicos foram significativos, o que indicou a existência de dependência entre os grupos. O caráter dias para o espigamento pode ser utilizado na seleção indireta de genótipos de trigo para tolerância à seca. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se canônicas 202 Viçosa MG Brasil planta espiga grãos. . grãos) REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) seguida avaliadas significativos 20 (REML/BLUP 2

ABSTRACT: The study of genotypic relationships between drought tolerance indices and agronomic traits of interest in wheat breeding is useful for designing selection strategies. The objective of this research was to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices through the analysis of canonical correlations. Two trials (control and stress) were conducted in winter 2020 in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The traits evaluated were: (days for heading, plant height, mass and number of grains per spike, mass of one hundred grains, and grain yield). Grain yield data from the control and stress conditions were used to construct five drought tolerance indices. The data were subjected to mixed model analysis for estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values (REML/BLUP), and then the genotypic values were used to calculate the correlation coefficients between the traits. Two groups of traits were established for the study of canonical correlations, the first group consisting of agronomic traits and the second by drought tolerance indices. There was a significant genotype effect for all evaluated traits. The canonical pairs were significant, which indicated the existence of dependence between the groups. Days to heading trait can be used in the indirect selection of wheat genotypes for drought tolerance. ABSTRACT strategies causeandeffect cause correlations 202 Viçosa MG Brazil days height spike yield. . yield) REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) 20 (REML/BLUP 2

The increase in the average temperature of the Earth due to excess CO2 and other greenhouse gases has caused glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the main causes of this problem, so the use of biofuels is important for mitigating this environmental impact. In Brazil, biodiesel is mixed with mineral; however, irregularities have been detected, reducing the expected positive effects. Therefore, this study proposes the use of multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR ALS) to quantify the content of methyl palm oil biodiesel in diesel blends and determine the concentration of the adulterant automotive lubricating oil in the blend. The model for quantifying biodiesel in diesel obtained R2 = 0.9997, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 0.56% (v v-1) and prediction (RMSEP) = 0.65% (v v-1), while the determination of adulteration in the biodiesel-diesel blend showed RMSEC = 0.67% (v v-1), RMSEP = 0.81% (v v-1) and R2 = 0.9992. These results demonstrate the ability of the models developed to predict both the content and quantity of possible adulterants in blends of palm oil biodiesel and mineral diesel, contributing to the quality control of this fuel. CO rise problem impact Brazil however detected effects Therefore MCR ALS R 09997 0 9997 0.9997 (RMSEC 056 56 0.56 v v1 1 v-1 (RMSEP 065 65 0.65 v1, , biodieseldiesel 067 67 0.67 081 81 0.81 09992 9992 0.9992 fuel 0999 999 0.999 05 5 0.5 v- 06 6 0.6 08 8 0.8 099 99 0.99 0. 09 9 0.9

Resumo A literatura sobre reformas eleitorais, em geral, e reformas do financiamento de campanhas, em específico, tem se beneficiado pouco das contribuições do campo de análise de políticas públicas. Seja em termos teóricos e/ou metodológicos. Este artigo propõe um modelo de análise de reformas do financiamento de campanhas a partir do conceito de ciclo de políticas (policy cycle), considerando como se forma a agenda sobre reformas (1); tomada de decisão (2); implementação (3); e avaliação (4). Utilizo este modelo para observar empiricamente o caso da regulação do autofinanciamento eleitoral no Brasil, a partir de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Os resultados indicam que a restrição do autofinanciamento no Brasil está associada ao maior peso desse tipo de recurso nas campanhas após a proibição das doações empresariais. E, também, a reforma parece não cumprir seus objetivos iniciais. Neste sentido, o artigo busca contribuir com a literatura em dois sentidos: a proposição de um modelo de análise das reformas de financiamento de campanhas e sua aplicação ao caso brasileiro. eleitorais geral específico públicas eou ou metodológicos policy cycle, cycle , cycle) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4. 4 . (4) quantitativos empresariais E também iniciais sentido sentidos brasileiro (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Abstract The literature regarding electoral reforms, in general, and campaign finance reforms, in particular, has benefited little from the contributions of the public policy field, whether in theoretical or methodological terms. This article proposes a model to analyze campaign finance reforms based on the concept of the policy cycle, considering how the formation of the agenda for reforms takes place, namely (1) decision-making (2) implementation (3) and evaluation. I use this model to examine the case of electoral self-financing regulation in Brazil in an empirical manner, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results indicate that the restriction on self-financing in Brazil is associated with a greater reliance on this type of resource in campaigns after the prohibition of corporate donations. In addition, the reform seems to fall short of its initial objectives. Thus, this article seeks to contribute to the literature in two ways: by proposing a model to analyze campaign finance reforms and applying it to the Brazilian case. general particular field terms cycle place 1 (1 decisionmaking decision making 2 (2 3 (3 evaluation selffinancing self financing manner methods donations addition objectives Thus ways (

Resumen La literatura sobre las reformas electorales, en general, y las reformas de la financiación de las campañas, en particular, se ha beneficiado poco de las aportaciones del campo del análisis de las políticas públicas. Ya sea en términos teóricos y/o metodológicos. Este artículo propone un modelo para analizar las reformas de la financiación de las campañas electorales basado en el concepto de ciclo de políticas (policy cycle), considerando cómo se forma la agenda sobre reformas (1); la toma de decisiones (2); la aplicación (3); y la evaluación (4). Utilizo este modelo para analizar empíricamente el caso de la regulación de la autofinanciación electoral en Brasil, empleando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados indican que la restricción de la autofinanciación en Brasil está asociada al mayor peso de este tipo de recursos en las campañas tras la prohibición de las donaciones empresariales. Y la reforma tampoco parece cumplir sus objetivos iniciales. En este sentido, el artículo pretende contribuir a la literatura de dos maneras: proponiendo un modelo para analizar las reformas de la financiación de las campañas y aplicándolo al caso brasileño. general particular públicas yo o metodológicos policy cycle, cycle , cycle) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4. 4 . (4) cuantitativos empresariales iniciales sentido maneras brasileño (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Résumé La littérature sur les réformes électorales en général, et les réformes du financement des campagnes en particulier, a peu bénéficié des contributions du domaine de l’analyse des politiques publiques, que ce soit en termes théoriques et/ou méthodologiques. Cet article propose un modèle d’analyse des réformes du financement des campagnes à partir du concept de cycle de politiques (policy cycle), en considérant la manière dont l’agenda des réformes est formé (1); la prise de décision (2); la mise en œuvre (3); et l’évaluation (4). J’utilise ce modèle pour observer empiriquement le cas de la régulation du financement propre aux élections au Brésil, en utilisant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives. Les résultats indiquent que la restriction du financement propre au Brésil est associée à une plus grande importance de ce type de ressources dans les campagnes électorales après l’interdiction des dons des entreprises. De plus, la réforme semble ne pas atteindre ses objectifs initiaux. Dans cette optique, l’article cherche à contribuer à la littérature de deux manières: en proposant un modèle d’analyse des réformes du financement des campagnes et en l’appliquant au cas brésilien. général particulier lanalyse l analyse publiques etou ou méthodologiques danalyse d policy cycle, , cycle) lagenda agenda 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) lévaluation évaluation 4. 4 . (4) Jutilise J utilise quantitatives linterdiction interdiction entreprises initiaux optique larticle manières lappliquant appliquant brésilien (1 (2 (3 (4 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral health care for pregnant women is necessary to guarantee the quality of the woman's transition through the pregnancy period, where the influence of some socio-health determinants modulate the appearance of the disease. The consequences related to these determinants corroborate the association between periodontal disease, premature births and low birth weight. The objective was to characterize pregnant women with periodontal diseases from a socio-health perspective to prevent preterm births. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a mixed approach was carried out. With a universe of 135 patients and a sample of 92 selected through simple random sampling. The primary data collection model was created through the family health clinical history of the National Stomatology Program. The investigation was carried out in the period from january 2018 to july 2023. Results: In the socio-health characterization of pregnant women with periodontal disease in the Ernesto Che Guevara health area of Santa Cruz del Sur, the second trimester of pregnancy predominated (60.7 %), curative care for periodontal disease prevailed (65 %), periodontitis was the most influential risk factor (40.3 %) and stress was the most prevalent psychosocial factor (40.3 %). Discussion: The results were reviewed and compared with con studies at a national and global level, whose effect on the subject was in favor of achieving full-term births from the prevention of periodontal diseases in pregnant women.

RESUMEN Introducción: La atención de la salud bucal de la embarazada es necesaria para garantizar la calidad del tránsito de la mujer por el período de gravidez, donde la influencia de algunos determinantes sociosanitarios modulan la aparición de la enfermedad. Las consecuencias relacionadas con estos determinantes corroboran la asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal, los nacimientos prematuros y el bajo peso al nacer. El objetivo consistió en caracterizar desde la perspectiva sociosanitaria a las gestantes con enfermedades periodontales para la prevención de partos pretérminos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con enfoque mixto. Con un universo de 135 pacientes y la muestra de 92 seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. El modelo de recogida del dato primario se confeccionó a través de la historia clínica de salud familiar del Programa Nacional de Estomatología. La investigación se efectuó en el período de enero de 2018 a julio de 2023. Resultados: En la caracterización sociosanitaria de las gestantes con enfermedad periodontal en el área de salud Ernesto Che Guevara de Santa Cruz del Sur predominó el segundo trimestre de gestación (60,7%), prevaleció la atención curativa de la enfermedad periodontal (65 %), la periodontitis resultó el factor de riesgo que más influyó (40,3%) y el estrés el factor psicosocial que más prevaleció (40,3%). Discusión: Se revisaron y compararon los resultados con otros estudios a nivel nacional y mundial,cuyo efecto sobre la temática estuvo a favor del logro de partos a términos a partir de la prevención de las enfermedades periodontales en las gestantes.

Resumen El desarrollo de proyectos mineros en etapas de exploración y prefactibilidad conlleva desafíos relacionados a la heterogeneidad e incertidumbre geológica y de procesamiento debido a la variabilidad en sus atributos primarios y de respuesta. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación radica en elaborar el modelo geometalúrgico del índice de trabajo de Bond. Para esto se desarrollaron modelos de regresión lineal en Jupyter Notebook considerando 790 muestras de resistencia a la compresión uniaxial de la roca (UCS), litologías, zonas minerales e índice de trabajo de Bond (BWi) en un depósito pórfido cuprífero. Los resultados indican relación directamente proporcional de tipo lineal entre el BWi y UCS, generando modelamientos con desempeños aceptables de R2 entre 0,76 a 0,90. Además, las litologías y zonas mineralizadas en el depósito estudiado son características relevantes relacionadas a la conminución. Finalmente, de acuerdo a la competencia de la roca, esta se clasifica como tipo media a dura, dura y muy dura en las zonas de óxidos, mixtos y sulfuros primarios respectivamente.

Abstract The development of mining projects in the exploration and pre-feasibility stages involves challenges related to geological and processing heterogeneity and uncertainty due to variability in their primary and response attributes. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop the geometallurgical model of the Bond work index. For this purpose, linear regression models were developed in Jupyter Notebook considering 790 samples of uniaxial compressive strength of rock (UCS), lithologies, mineral zones and Bond work index (BWi) in a porphyry copper deposit. The results indicate a directly proportional linear relationship between BWi and UCS, generating modeling with acceptable R2 performances between 0,76 and 0,90. In addition, the lithologies and ore zones in the deposit studied are relevant characteristics related to comminution. Finally, according to rock competence, the rock is classified as medium to hard, hard and very hard in the oxide, mixed and primary sulfide zones, respectively.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como finalidad estructurar una visión general sobre el streaming de videojuegos como agente generador de empleo y nuevas carreras profesionales en el Ecuador. En la metodología se planteó un diseño no experimental de alcance descriptivo y correlacional, de enfoque mixto, empleando el método Delphi en el componente cualitativo, mientras que se ejecutaron encuestas para solventar el componente cuantitativo. En este sentido, se pudo observar una mayor participación de la generación Z y millennials en este tipo de actividades, lo que a su vez refleja el interés por formar parte del streaming de videojuegos, mientras que otros que ya son usuarios han percibido un aporte o beneficio económico por jugar o crear contenido. Además, se resalta al género masculino como el principal participante en estas plataformas. Se concluyó que hay relación entre las personas que dedican horas a los videojuegos y el deseo de obtener réditos económicos a través de este modelo de negocio. De igual forma se observa una tendencia de los gamers en profesionalizarse en carreras de marketing digital y producción audiovisual y multimedia, lo cual sirve para que las instituciones de educación superior ajusten y fortalezcan los programas académicos relacionados, así como enfocar de manera más efectiva sus estrategias de marketing hacia este público objetivo.

Abstract This article aims to structure an overview of video game streaming as a generator of employment and new professional careers in Ecuador. In the methodology, a non-experimental design of descriptive and correlational scope was proposed, using a mixed approach, with the Delphi method in the qualitative component. At the same time, surveys were executed to solve the quantitative component. In this sense, it was possible to observe a greater participation of Generation Z and Millennials in this type of activity, which in turn reflects the interest in being part of video game streaming. In contrast, others are already users and have perceived a contribution or economic benefit for playing or creating content. In addition, the male gender is highlighted as the main participant in these platforms. It was concluded that there is a relationship between people who dedicate hours to video games and the desire to obtain economic income through this business model, and there is also a tendency for gamers to become professionals in digital marketing and audiovisual and multimedia production careers.

Abstract This study aims to analyse the influence of the operation mode and demographic and anthropometric variables on the self-assessed productivity of users of mixed-mode and fully air-conditioned buildings in Florianópolis, southern Brazil. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected using electronic questionnaires made available to users. A total of 1,247 responses were recorded. The influence of the mode of operation on productivity was analysed using histograms. A predictive model was developed by means of linear and quadratic regressions to identify the environmental and demographic/anthropometric parameters influencing productivity. It was observed no influence of hybrid buildings or those with central air-conditioning systems on the perception of productivity. Although the predictive model did not show a good ability to explain users’ performance, it showed statistical correlations between productivity and operative temperature, gender and age. It was concluded that office users’ perception of productivity is affected by the configuration of environments in the humid subtropical climate of Florianópolis. selfassessed self assessed mixedmode mixed airconditioned air conditioned Florianópolis Brazil 1247 1 247 1,24 recorded histograms demographicanthropometric airconditioning conditioning performance temperature age 124 24 1,2 12 2 1,

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a influência do modo de operação e de variáveis demográficas e antropométricas na produtividade autoavaliada de usuários de edificações de escritório com sistema de ventilação híbrido e central, em Florianópolis - SC. Os dados demográficos e antropométricos foram coletados por meio de questionários eletrônicos. A influência do modo de operação na produtividade foi analisada por meio de histogramas. Um modelo preditivo foi desenvolvido por meio de regressões lineares e quadráticas para identificar os parâmetros ambientais e demográficos/antropométricos que exercem influência na produtividade. Os resultados mostraram que não houve distinção da influência exercida por edificações híbridas ou com sistema de ar-condicionado central na percepção da produtividade. Apesar de o modelo preditivo não ter apresentado boa capacidade de explicar o desempenho dos usuários, evidenciou correlações estatísticas entre produtividade e temperatura operativa, gênero e idade. Concluiu-se que a percepção de produtividade dos usuários de escritórios é afetada pela configuração dos ambientes no clima subtropical úmido de Florianópolis. SC eletrônicos histogramas demográficosantropométricos arcondicionado ar condicionado operativa idade Concluiuse Concluiu se

Resumo: O fenômeno influencer proliferou, gerando audiências especializadas, que incluem docentes que podem oferecer oportunidades educativas de modelagem aos seus seguidores. A relação seguidor-influencer baseia-se na identificação e na imitação, sendo os impactos mais sensíveis quanto mais jovens são as pessoas seguidoras. O estudo baseado numa metodologia mista utilizou um questionário a estudantes de ensino médio na Espanha (N=407; idade média de 12 anos, DP=0,209) para analisar diferenças na relação de seguimento das pessoas adolescentes que seguem influenciadores nas redes sociais. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com análise textual, analítica e reflexiva com influencers de diversos âmbitos, com os quais os próprios adolescentes manifestaram ter uma relação de acompanhamento, para conhecer sua percepção de influência educativa. Os resultados mostram que as pessoas menores têm consciência do papel comercial dessas pessoas, porém, os influencers não consideram o seu impacto educativo, que só é percebido pelos influencers docentes. Conclui-se que é importante compreender e regular a influência destas referências nos menores, reconhecendo o seu papel educativo e a sua responsabilidade nos conteúdos que compartilham nas redes sociais.

Resumen: El fenómeno influencer ha proliferado generando audiencias especializadas, las cuales incluyen a docentes que pueden ofrecer oportunidades educativas de modelado en sus seguidores. La relación seguidor- influencer se basa en la identificación y la imitación, con impactos más sensibles cuanto más jóvenes son las personas seguidoras. El estudio basado en una metodología mixta empleó un cuestionario a estudiantes de educación secundaria en España (N=407; de edad media de 12 años, DT=0.209) para analizar diferencias en la relación de seguimiento de las personas adolescentes que siguen a influenciadores en redes sociales. Además, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con un análisis textual, analítico y reflexivo a influencers de diversos ámbitos, con los que los mismos adolescentes manifestaron que tenían una relación de seguimiento, para conocer su percepción sobre la influencia educativa. Los resultados muestran que las personas menores son conscientes del rol comercial de dichas personas, sin embargo, los influencers no consideran su impacto educativo, que solo es percibido por los influencers docentes. Se concluye que es importante comprender y regular la influencia de estos referentes en los menores, reconociendo su papel educativo y su responsabilidad en el contenido que comparten en redes sociales.

Abstract: The influencer phenomenon has proliferated and created specific audiences, including teachers who can provide educational models for their followers. The follower-influencer relationship is based on identification and imitation, and its effects are more pronounced among younger followers. The study, based on a mixed methodology, consisted of the administration of a questionnaire to secondary school students in Spain (N=407; mean age 12 years, SD=0.209) in order to analyse the different follower relationships among teenage followers of influencers on social networks. Semi-structured interviews with textual, analytical and reflective analysis were also conducted with influencers from different fields that the adolescents themselves reported following, in order to learn about their perceptions of educational influence. The results show that minors are aware of the commercial role of such people; however, influencers do not consider their educational impact, which is only perceived by teacher influencers. It is concluded that it is important to understand and regulate the influence of these influencers on minors, recognising their educational role and their responsibility in the content they share on social networks.

Abstract: The present study examines the teaching strategies used by physics professors while providing a guide for students through learning activities that develop thinking skills, knowledge, and attitudes to solve specialty-related problems. A didactic approach is applied to teaching competency-based general physics in engineering within a modular structure. A mixed methodology is employed, with qualitative methods for the case study interpreting professors' discourse regarding classroom pedagogical design and practice, and quantitative methods examining teaching practice and its impact on academic performance. As a result, three main categories are identified: 1) didactic strategies, 2) technological resources, 3) and learning monitoring. It is observed that the teaching model influences student dropout rates and academic success. In conclusion, there is a preference for traditional strategies over constructivist strategies, regardless of the professor's experience level.

Resumen: El presente estudio examina las estrategias de enseñanza utilizadas por los docentes de física y provee una guía al estudiante a través de actividades de aprendizaje que desarrollen habilidades de pensamiento, conocimientos y actitudes para resolver problemas de la especialidad. Se aplica un enfoque didáctico para enseñar por competencias en física general en ingeniería bajo estructura modular. Se utiliza una metodología mixta, cualitativa para el estudio de caso que interpreta el discurso de los docentes en relación con el diseño y la práctica pedagógica de aula y el cuantitativo que examina la práctica docente y su impacto en el rendimiento académico. Como resultado, se identifican tres categorías principales: 1) estrategias didácticas, 2) recursos tecnológicos, y 3) seguimiento del aprendizaje. Se observa que el modelo de enseñanza influye en la tasa de deserción y el éxito académico de los estudiantes. En conclusión, se evidencia una preferencia por estrategias tradicionales sobre las constructivistas, independientemente de la experiencia del docente.

Abstract Introduction: Organizational management models influence supervisory activity in nursing. Collaborative practice between students and health professionals in the provision of person- and family-centred care allows them to evolve in the process of autonomy and knowledge transfer. However, this does not guarantee the acquisition of supervisory practices and inter-organisational interaction between the hospital and the academy, which are necessary for carrying out safe and qualified clinical procedures. However, this does not guarantee efficient acquisition of supervisory practices and inter-organizational interaction between hospital and academia, which are necessary to provide safe and effective clinical procedures. Objectives: The aim is to understand the possible dimensions of inter-organisational collaborative practice (academic and hospital), identifying its possible processes and results capable of guaranteeing the safety and quality of clinical procedures. Methods: This study emerges from a first mixed research intervention with N=50 nurse supervisors, non-randomized, using the snowball technique. We will, nevertheless, focus on its qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, using the Focus Group technique in which seven nurse supervisors took part. By using Bardin's assumptions, we conducted the content analysis of the participants' speech. Results: The content analysis allowed us to recognise the Processes of Inter-Collaborative Supervision in Nursing as the main dimension of analysis. The results identify, on the one hand, potential threats, highlighted by the time dedicated to supervision and access to information in the hospital context and, on the other hand, opportunities for articulation, highlighted by the importance of involving the various actors in each context, both in planning training programmes and in using supervisory strategies. Conclusion: This study explores the collaborative processes of nursing supervision between academia and hospitals, highlighting common elements of care and education. It reveals the influence of both bureaucratic and anarchic models in shaping these relationships. The findings underscore the importance of inter-organizational coordination, which plays a critical role in effective health promotion practices.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar los componentes de varianza y correlaciones genéticas para la producción de leche (PLe), el flujo medio (FMd), el flujo máximo (FMx) y la conductividad eléctrica (CE) de la leche, en un sistema de ordeño robotizado. Se analizaron 137 lactaciones de 110 vacas Holstein primíparas y multíparas, con 42,009 observaciones, desde el año 2018 hasta el 2020 en un hato lechero en el estado de Querétaro. Se realizó la evaluación genética utilizando un modelo animal de regresión mixta. Para estimar la heredabilidad (h2) se utilizó el algoritmo de máxima verosimilitud restringida para calcular los componentes de varianza, el estimador BLUE y el predictor BLUP, para cada una de las variables sujetas en la investigación. La h2 estimada para PLe (0.62) fue la más alta de las calculadas, de igual modo se estimó la h2 para FMd (0.44), FMx (0.33) y CE (0.28); se considera que uno de los aspectos que influyó en los valores obtenidos se debió a la variabilidad de cada observación diaria. Las correlaciones genéticas para la PLe fueron negativas para el FMd (-0.6117) y FMx (-0.7666); en contraste, para la característica de CE (-0.1669) la correlación fue baja. Las correlaciones genéticas estimadas para FMx fueron positivas para FMd (0.7422) y CE (0.5351), finalmente se estimó una correlación genética positiva para FMd y CE (0.3546). Los resultados presentados permiten entender las relaciones existentes entre flujo, conductividad y producción e indican la importancia de estas características para un programa de selección genética.

Abstract This work aimed to estimate the variance components and genetic correlations for milk yield (MiY), mean flow rate (MnF), maximum flow rate (MxF), and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk, in a robotic milking system. IT was analyzed a total of 137 lactations from 110 primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows, with 42,009 observations, from 2018 to 2020 in a dairy herd in the state of Querétaro. Genetic evaluation was performed using a mixed regression animal model. To estimate heritability (h2), the restricted maximum likelihood algorithm was used to calculate the variance components, the BLUE estimator and the BLIP predictor, for each of the variables subject to the research. The estimated h2 for MiY (0.62) was the highest of those calculated, and h2 was also estimated for MnF (0.44), MxF (0.33), and EC (0.28); it is considered that one of the aspects that influenced the values was the variability of each daily observation. Genetic correlations for MiY were negative for MnF (-0.6117) and MxF (-0.7666); in contrast, for the trait of EC (-0.1669), the correlation was low. The estimated genetic correlations for MxF were positive for MnF (0.7422) and EC (0.5351); finally, a positive genetic correlation was estimated for MnF and EC (0.3546). The results presented allow to understand the relationships between flow rate, conductivity, and yield, and they indicate the importance of these characteristics for a genetic selection program.

Abstract Social participation in the management of local development is vital for its success and sustainability. The involvement of all local actors in their own development is a maxim for the government and Cuban society today. In view of this challenge, the objective of this research is to design a methodological guide for the application of participatory budgeting as a tool for participation in the management of local development in Cuba, based on the "Por tu Barrio" experience of La Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana. For this purpose, the following methods were used: historical-logical and systemic-structural, from a mixed methodological perspective. Based on the systematization and evaluation of the exercise, a methodology composed of five fundamental stages was proposed: preparation, organization, development, evaluation and feedback, and the lessons learned were determined, highlighting that the participatory budget should be developed in articulation with the rest of the public management instruments, that the municipal government should set itself up as a leader and that the neighborhood identity, the socio-demographic characteristics and the culture of participation condition the model. The relationship of the tool with the Municipal Development Strategies was also analyzed, showing the singular elements in the Cuban context for its socialization and replication. This research, due to its scope and object, constitutes a scientific novelty and an important reference, not only for studies on the subject, but also for local governments that determine the implementation of participatory budgeting in Cuba.

Resumo A participação social na gestão do desenvolvimento local é vital para seu sucesso e sustentabilidade. O envolvimento de todos os atores locais em seu próprio desenvolvimento é uma máxima do governo e da sociedade cubana atual. Diante desse desafio, o objetivo desta pesquisa é elaborar um guia metodológico para a aplicação do orçamento participativo como ferramenta de participação na gestão do desenvolvimento local em Cuba, com base na experiência do "Por tu Barrio" do Escritório do Historiador da Cidade de Havana. Para isso, foram utilizados os seguintes métodos: histórico-lógico e sistêmico-estrutural, a partir de uma perspectiva metodológica mista. Com base na sistematização e avaliação do exercício, foi proposta uma metodologia composta por cinco etapas fundamentais: preparação, organização, desenvolvimento, avaliação e feedback, e foram determinadas as lições aprendidas, destacando que o orçamento participativo deve ser desenvolvido em coordenação com o restante dos instrumentos de gestão pública, que o governo municipal deve ser o líder e que a identidade do bairro, as características sociodemográficas e a cultura de participação condicionam o modelo. Também foi analisada a relação entre a ferramenta e as Estratégias de Desenvolvimento Municipal, mostrando os elementos únicos do contexto cubano para sua socialização e replicação. Esta pesquisa, por seu alcance e objeto, constitui uma novidade científica e uma referência importante, não só para os estudos sobre o tema, mas também para os governos locais que determinam a implementação do orçamento participativo em Cuba.

Resumen La participación social en la gestión del desarrollo local es vital para lograr su éxito y sostenibilidad. Que todos los actores locales se involucren en su propio desarrollo constituye una máxima para el gobierno y la sociedad cubana actual. Ante este desafío, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo: diseñar una guía metodológica para la aplicación del presupuesto participativo como herramienta de participación en la gestión del desarrollo local en Cuba, a partir de la experiencia "Por tu Barrio" de la Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana. Para ello se utilizaron los métodos: histórico-lógico y sistémico estructural, desde una perspectiva metodológica mixta. A partir de la sistematización y evaluación del ejercicio, se propuso una metodología compuesta por cinco etapas fundamentales: preparación, organización, desarrollo, evaluación y retroalimentación y se determinaron las lecciones aprendidas, resaltando que el presupuesto participativo debe desarrollarse en articulación con el resto de los instrumentos de gestión pública, que el gobierno municipal debe erigirse como líder y que la identidad barrial, las características sociodemográficas y la cultura de participación condicionan el modelo. También se analizó la relación de la herramienta con las Estrategias de Desarrollo Municipal, mostrando los elementos singulares en el contexto cubano para su socialización y réplica. Esta investigación, por su alcance y objeto, constituye una novedad científica y un importante referente, no solo para los estudios sobre el tema, sino también para los gobiernos locales que determinen la implementación del presupuesto participativo en Cuba.

Abstract We compared anaphora processing and the ability to integrate spatial information into a situation model during reading among college students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (N=20) and typically developing (TD) students (N=22). We designed 24 narrative texts divided into two conditions: (1) anaphoric referent spatially associated with the main character and (2) anaphoric referent spatially dissociated. We analyzed different measures of eye movement during reading using eye-tracking technology. Mixed model analysis revealed significant differences in the group effect, the condition effect, and the interaction between the group and condition for various measures and areas of interest in the text. The results showed a facilitating effect in the anaphoric processing of the associated condition, specifically for the group with TD. However, this effect was not seen in people with ASD. Finally, we discuss the results regarding the higher prevalence of perceptual organization problems and difficulties to integrate information in a situation model during reading for people with ASD.

Resumen Comparamos el procesamiento de anáforas y la capacidad de integrar información espacial en un modelo de situación durante la lectura entre estudiantes universitarios dentro del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) (N=20) y estudiantes con desarrollo típico (DT) (N=22). Diseñamos 24 textos narrativos divididos en dos condiciones: (1) referente anafórico espacialmente asociado al personaje principal y (2) referente anafórico espacialmente disociado. Analizamos diferentes medidas de movimiento ocular durante la lectura utilizando tecnología de eye-tracking. El análisis de modelos mixtos reveló diferencias significativas en el efecto de grupo, el efecto de condición y la interacción entre el grupo y la condición de varias medidas y áreas de interés en el texto. Los resultados mostraron un efecto facilitador en el procesamiento anafórico de la condición asociada, específicamente, para el grupo con DT. Sin embargo, este efecto no se observó en personas con TEA. Por último, discutimos los resultados en torno a la mayor prevalencia de problemas de organización perceptiva y dificultades para integrar información en un modelo de situación durante la lectura para personas con TEA.

Abstract The teaching-learning process has been approached, during the last decades, from a Competency Model. These should be developed in each subject and from practice. Social networks have proved to be a feasible alternative that, with the teacher as a facilitating agent, can help students to develop their competencies. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the use of the social network Facebook on the development of communicative competence in Dominican university students in the area of Social Sciences. A case study, a field work, descriptive and explanatory, with a mixed, cross-sectional approach, was carried out during the May-August 2022 term, under a non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 81 students of Social Sciences subjects of the Instituto de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña of the Dominican Republic. The results obtained through the application of a questionnaire and an observation sheet, conclude that the students experienced significant improvements in aspects related to communicative competence, such as spelling, organization and coherence of their ideas, and the adoption of the habit of reviewing their writings before publishing them on Facebook. The 81 students who participated evaluated the use of Facebook as an excellent and useful tool for the teaching-learning process, and highlighted its contribution to the improvement of communicative competence. The results obtained support the statements of several authors about the usefulness of the social network Facebook in the teaching- learning process by competencies.

Resumen El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje ha sido abordado, durante las últimas décadas, desde un Modelo por Competencias. Estas deben desarrollarse en cada asignatura y desde la práctica. Las redes sociales resultan una alternativa factible que, con el profesorado como agente facilitador, puede ayudar al estudiantado a fomentar sus competencias. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto del uso de la red social Facebook en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en estudiantes universitarios dominicanos, en el área de las Ciencias Sociales. Se trabajó un estudio de caso, de campo, descriptivo y explicativo, con un enfoque mixto, transversal, durante el cuatrimestre de mayo-agosto 2022, bajo un diseño no experimental. La muestra fueron 81 estudiantes de asignaturas de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña de República Dominicana. Los resultados obtenidos a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario y de una ficha de observación, concluyen que el estudiantado experimentó mejoras significativas en aspectos relacionados con la competencia comunicativa, como la ortografía, la organización y coherencia de sus ideas, y la adopción del hábito de revisar sus escritos antes de publicarlos en Facebook. Los 81 estudiantes participantes, evaluaron el uso de Facebook como una herramienta excelente y útil para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y destacaron su contribución a la mejora de la competencia comunicativa. Los resultados obtenidos respaldan los planteamientos de varios autores, acerca de la utilidad de la red social Facebook en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje por competencias.

Abstract MS surface deterioration is one of the most challenging problems, since it can be exacerbated by several industrial processes, such as descaling and pickling. In the proposed investigation, chemical and electrochemical techniques determined COLE IE(%) on MS corrosion in a 1 M HCl medium. COLE contains many Pc responsible for an excellent IE(%), since it forms a coating that adsorbs onto the metal surface and shields it from corrosion. Tafel polarization curves outcomes demonstrated that COLE is a mixed kind of CI. According to EIS measurements, Rct rose as Ct of COLE was increased. The relationship between T and MS corrosion behaviour in 1 M HCl with COLE addition was investigated from 300 to 320±1 K. G, which was determined from Langmuir’s isotherm model, revealed that COLE molecules predominantly blocked HCl attack by mixed physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. Surface morphology studies validated electrochemical and chemical findings by FT-IR, SEM and WCA techniques. Furthermore, DFT computations demonstrated COLE effective interfacial adsorption onto the MS surface.