RESUMEN Fundamento la maloclusión de clase II presenta la mayor prevalencia entre las alteraciones dentoesqueléticas. Objetivo: proponer una guía de atención para pacientes con maloclusión de clase II con dentición permanente en crecimiento activo. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de innovación tecnológica de enfoque mixto en el Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2020 y 2023. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por todos los especialistas de Ortodoncia de la provincia de Villa Clara, Sancti Spíritus y Cienfuegos, a partir del cual se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios y quedó constituida la muestra por 20 especialistas y siete expertos (especialistas de categoría superior) con criterios de inclusión. Resultados: la documentación revisada aportó información valiosa para determinar el estado actual de la atención de la maloclusión de estudio. Los especialistas emitieron diferentes criterios sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la maloclusión de clase II. Los expertos establecieron los elementos invariables para su clasificación. Finalmente se diseñó una guía de atención para los pacientes con maloclusión de clase II con dentición permanente en crecimiento activo, valorada por los especialistas con la categoría de excelente. Conclusiones: la guía propuesta contiene elementos invariables de diagnóstico y pautas de tratamiento con el fin de lograr una atención más integral y eficiente de la maloclusión.

ABSTRACT Foundation: Class II malocclusion has the highest prevalence among dentoskeletal disorders. Objective: to propose a care guide for patients with class II malocclusion with actively growing permanent dentition. Method: a mixed approach technological innovation research was carried out in the Clinical Sciences Department from the Stomatology Faculty of the Villa Clara Medical Sciences University, from 2020 to 2023. The studied universe was all the Orthodontic specialists in the Villa Clara province, Sancti Spíritus and Cienfuegos, from which an intentional non-probabilistic sampling was carried out by criteria and the sample was made up of 20 specialists and seven experts (higher category specialists) with criteria of inclusion. Results: The reviewed documentation provided valuable information to determine the current state of care for malocclusion under study. Specialists issued different criteria on the diagnosis and treatment of class II malocclusion. The experts established the invariable elements for their classification. Finally, a care guide was designed for patients with class II malocclusion with actively growing permanent dentition, rated by specialists as excellent. Conclusions: the proposed guide contains invariable diagnostic elements and treatment guidelines in order to achieve more comprehensive and efficient malocclusion care.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence of dental caries and associated factors in the school period from six/seven to ten years of age. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study involving 168 children was followed up between 2015 and 2019 in the municipality of Palhoça, Brazil. The dependent variable was the caries incidence rate in the mixed dentition. The independent variables included information regarding demographic and socioeconomic status. Multivariate analyzes were carried out using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. Variables with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in the adjusted model. Relative risks were estimated, as well as 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 168 followed schoolchildren, 32 developed the disease, providing an incidence rate of 19.0%. Female children had a 10% higher risk [RR = 1.10 (95% CI 1.03; 1.18)] of developing caries than males. Also, children born from fathers with ≤ 8 years of schooling at baseline had a 9% higher risk [RR = 1.09 (95% CI 1.01; 1.16)] of developing dental caries compared to fathers with higher education. Conclusion: The incidence of dental caries in a four-year period was 19.0%. Females and children born from fathers with a lower level of education showed higher incidence rates. Objective sixseven six seven age Methods 16 201 Palhoça Brazil dentition status estimator 020 0 20 <0.2 model estimated 95 intervals Results schoolchildren 3 disease 190 19 19.0% 10 RR 110 1 1.1 (95 1.03 103 03 1.18 118 18 1.18) males Also 9 109 09 1.0 1.01 101 01 1.16 116 1.16) Conclusion fouryear four year rates 02 2 <0. 19.0 11 1. (9 <0 19. ( <

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the convergence between the domains of the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant image (AUQUEI) and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) in the mixed dentition. A sample of 676 children aged 8 to 10 years responded to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires using the AUQUEI and the CPQ8-10, respectively. Clinical (dental caries and malocclusion) and socioeconomic variables were assessed. The validity of convergence between scores (total and per domain) of the two instruments was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, considering that non-zero coefficient values represented a correlation between scores. The median was calculated to compare the scores of each questionnaire relative to the variables, and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was applied to determine statistically significant differences between the categories. A weak significant correlation (between 0.30 and 0.50) was observed between the domains and the total scores of instruments (p < 0.05), except for the leisure domain (p > 0.05). Participants with a lower family income had worse HRQoL (p < 0.05), and those with caries and malocclusion experience had worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the AUQUEI and CPQ8-10 instruments showed a weak correlation. Income and clinical variables had a negative impact on the AUQUEI and CPQ8-10, respectively. (AUQUEI CPQ810 CPQ CPQ8 (CPQ8-10 dentition 67 1 healthrelated health related (HRQoL (OHRQoL CPQ810, 10, respectively dental analysis nonzero non zero MannWhitney Mann Whitney categories 030 0 30 0.3 0.50 050 50 p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 05 0.05) 0.05. . conclusion CPQ8-1 CPQ81 (CPQ8-1 6 03 3 0. 0.5 5 00 0.0 CPQ8- (CPQ8- (CPQ8 (CPQ

ABSTRACT Namalycastis abiuma has been recorded as a worldwide distributed species, found in most tropical and subtropical mangroves and estuarine environments. However, this status has been questioned in several publications, which indicate that several distinct species are being identified under the name N. abiuma. In this study, we perform a morphological analysis, along with a series of species delimitation tests and a phylogenetic analysis-using the molecular marker 16S-to evaluate whether analyzed populations previously identified as Namalycastis abiuma belong to the same species. We used sequences from the GenBank database in the analysis, as well as six newly sequenced specimens collected from the coast of Brazil, two of them from the N. abiuma type-locality. For species delimitation, we applied the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), the Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and the Multi-rate Poisson Tree Processes (mPTP) tests. Results from GMYC and ASAP suggest that Namalycastis abiuma may be endemic to the type-locality and that all other populations studied represent a second distinct species. However, mPTP indicates that all Namalycastis species included should be grouped into one single species. The mPTP results seem to be biased due to data limitation as it showed poor statistical support. Our morphological data, especially on the shape and dentition of the sub-neuroacicular falciger blades, support the GMYC and ASAP results, suggesting restricted endemism for Namalycastis abiuma. Based on these results, we conclude that N. abiuma is restricted to its type-locality and we provide a description of a new species, Namalycastis lanai sp. nov. occurring in Brazilian waters from 22°S to 27°S, including, at its southern range, an overlap with N. abiuma at Florianópolis. Finally, we provide a key to all Namalycastis species found in Brazil. environments However publications N study analysis analysisusing using 16Sto Sto 16S S Brazil typelocality. typelocality type locality. locality GMYC, , (GMYC) ASAP, (ASAP) Multirate Multi rate (mPTP subneuroacicular sub neuroacicular blades sp nov 22S 22 27S 27 27°S including range Florianópolis Finally (GMYC (ASAP 2

Resumen: En dentición mixta, el 1°Molar permanente es el más susceptible a caries, que desencadena un ciclo restaurador repetitivo y pérdida. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar factores determinantes de la extracción terapéutica de 1°Molares permanentes severamente destruidos en dentición mixta antes de la erupción del segundo molar permanente con un favorable cierre espontáneo del espacio residual. La metodología consistió en una revisión sistemática exploratoria en PubMed mediante búsqueda estratégica/específica. Incluyó diez artículos que abordaron factores como la edad cronológica ideal, etapa de desarrollo del segundo premolar y molar permanente, presencia del tercer molar, cierre espontáneo residual, pronóstico, y necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico. En conclusión, la extracción terapéutica del 1°Molar antes de la erupción del segundo molar permanente está asociada con un favorable cierre espontáneo del espacio residual. Se evidencia mayor éxito con la presencia del tercer molar, segundo molar en etapa E y segundo premolar en etapa F (Demirjian).

Abstract: During mixed dentition, the 1st permanent molar is the most susceptible to caries, triggering a repetitive restorative cycle and loss. This study aimed to evaluate determinants of therapeutic extraction of severely damaged 1st permanent molars in mixed dentition before the eruption of the second permanent molar with favorable spontaneous closure of the residual space. The methodology involved a scoping review on PubMed using a specific search strategy. Ten articles were included addressing factors such as the ideal chronological age, stage of development of the second premolar and permanent molar, presence of the third molar, residual spontaneous closure, prognosis, and need for orthodontic treatment. In conclusion, therapeutic extraction of the 1st molar before the eruption of the second molar is associated with favorable spontaneous closure of the residual space. Greater success is evident with the presence of the third molar, the second molar in stage E, and the second premolar in stage F (Demirjian).

Abstrato: Em dentição mista, o 1°molar permanente é o mais suscetível a cáries, desencadeando um ciclo restaurador repetitivo e perda. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar fatores determinantes da extração terapêutica de 1°molares permanentes severamente destruídos na dentição mista antes da erupção do segundo molar permanente com uma região espontânea favorável do espaço residual. A metodología utilizada no PubMed consistiu em uma revisão exploratória por meio de busca estratégica/específica. Foram incluídos dez artigos, abordando fatores como a idade cronológica ideal, estágio de desenvolvimento do segundo pré-molar e molar permanente, presença do terceiro molar, cierre espontâneo residual, pronóstico e necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico. Em conclusão, a extração terapêutica do 1°molar permanente antes da erupção do segundo molar permanente está associada a um fechamento espontâneo favorável do espaço residual. Maior sucesso está descrito quando na presença de terceiro molar, segundo molar no estágio E e segundo pré-molar no estágio F (Demirjian).

ABSTRACT Purpose: this study aims to assess speech-language pathologists' knowledge of malocclusion, and to assess their perception in recognizing the need for referral of cases. Methods: a self-administered online questionnaire, aimed at assessing Brazilian speech-language pathologists' professional practices, orthodontic knowledge, and diagnostic skills, was applied. The collected data underwent descriptive analysis. Results: most respondents stated regularly contacting or referring patients to orthodontists; the most frequent reason for referral was related to the professional’s quality. Respondents indicated the importance of first occlusal evaluations at a very early age, and recognized the potential deleterious effects of oral habits. Most participants reported referring a normal occlusion, distocclusion, mesiocclusion, anterior open bite, deep overbite, and posterior crossbite cases, during the deciduous stage. For the mixed dentition cases, a substantial portion of the sample would refer a case without alterations, another one with mild incisal crowding, as well as deep overbite, Class II, Class III, anterior open bite, and posterior crossbite cases. Conclusion: professionals demonstrated a good knowledge of malocclusions. Perceptions regarding the need for early referral of Class III cases, anterior open bite, and posterior crossbite, in addition to the lack of an immediate approach for patients affected by mild space problems, were frequent. Purpose speechlanguage speech language pathologists malocclusion cases Methods selfadministered self administered questionnaire practices skills applied analysis Results orthodontists s quality age habits occlusion distocclusion mesiocclusion bite overbite stage alterations crowding II Conclusion malocclusions problems

INTRODUCTION: Reciprocal associations have been found to exist between various dental anomalies.1-14 Maxillary canine ectopia may, however, occur in dentitions without any anomalies AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of dental anomalies in a sample of panoramic radiographs. The objective was to establish whether associations exist between canine ectopia and the presence of one or more of a range of selected developmental dental anomalies. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 574 mixed dentition panoramic radiographs in patients with a dental age ranging from 8 to 12 years RESULTS: Signs of potentially ectopic maxillary canines were evident in 85% of the radiographs and of these, 80.7% showed no evidence of the selected dental anomalies which were studied. The most prevalent association of potential canine ectopia and the anomalies studied was found with supernumerary teeth (6.5%), followed by infraocclusion of primary molars (4.5%). Peg-shaped lateral incisors showed a statistically significant association (p=0.043) with mesial overlap of the cusp tip of the maxillary canine and the root of the lateral incisor. Taurodontism was significantly associated with increased angulation of the developing canine (p=0.0049) and dilaceration showed a statistically significant association (p=0.03) with non- resorption of canines CONCLUSION: In cases where dental anomalies are present, the developing canines should be carefully monitored both clinically and radiographically

RESUMEN Introducción: El análisis más utilizado por los ortodoncistas para predecir el espacio ideal del canino y premolares es el Gold Standard de Tanaka-Johnston. Sin embargo, la utilización de este análisis en otros grupos poblacionales a nivel mundial puede ser cuestionable. Objetivo: Predecir el espacio ideal para la erupción del canino y premolares utilizando el análisis de Tanaka y Johnston y el de Ramos, et al. Material y métodos: Fue un estudio descriptivo. Se utilizaron 110 pares de modelos de estudio con dentición permanente, recolectados durante 2018 y 2019. Los anchos mesiodistales fueron medidos con un vernier digital marca UBERMANN® con una precisión de ± 0,01 mm. A los datos obtenidos se les realizó estadística no paramétrica mediante la prueba de comparación de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: El análisis de Tanaka-Johnston mostró una diferencia entre los valores predictivos y reales de -0,50 mm (±1,68) con una diferencia estadística de p=0,0001 y el análisis de Ramos, et al., fue de -0,35 mm (±1,70) con una diferencia estadística de p=0,0001. Conclusiones: Se subestimó el espació ideal para la erupción del canino y premolares con el análisis de Tanaka-Johnston y el análisis validado por Ramos, et al. Sin embargo, el análisis de Ramos, et al., se acercó más a los diámetros mesiodistales reales del canino y premolares.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The analysis most commonly used by orthodontists to predict the ideal space of the canine and premolars is the Tanaka-Johnston Gold Standard. However, the use of this analysis in other population groups worldwide may be questionable. Objective: To predict the ideal space for the eruption of the canine and premolars using the Tanaka-Johnston analysis and that of Ramos, et al. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out using 110 pairs of study models with permanent dentition, collected during the period from 2018 to 2019. The mesiodistal widths were measured with a UBERMANN® digital vernier with an accuracy of ± 0.01 mm. Non-parametric statistics were performed on the data obtained using the Kruskal-Wallis comparison test. Results: The Tanaka-Johnston analysis showed a difference between the predictive and real values of -0.50 mm (±1.68) with a statistical difference of p=0.0001, and the Ramos et al. analysis was of -0.35 mm (±1.70) with a statistical difference of p=0.0001. Conclusions: The ideal space for the eruption of the canine and premolars was underestimated with the Tanaka-Johnston analysis and the analysis validated by Ramos, et al. However, the Ramos, et al. analysis was closer to the actual mesiodistal diameters of the canine and premolars.

Maxillary canine ectopia is an anomaly of the mixed dentition which can and should be diagnosed early and treated interceptively wherever possible. Various radiographic markers have been associated with canine ectopia, and these are significant aids to a thorough clinical examination, in order to diagnose ectopia. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was carried out on a sample of 465 mixed dentition panoramic radiographs in order to establish the prevalence of maxillary canine ectopia according to a set of radiographic markers. The sample of radiographs included patients with dental ages between 10 and 12 years of age RESULTS: 404 radiographs displayed signs of canine ectopia according to the markers studied. Non- resorption of the root of the primary canine was the most common marker (63%) found. This was followed by overlap in 25.2% of cases, whilst increased angulation of the developing canine was the least prevalent (4.7%). Non-resorption showed a statistically significant association with distal overlap and overlap over the pulp chamber. Increased angulation was significantly associated with non-resorption in all degrees of overlap. Unilateral increased size of the mandibular canine showed a significant association with cases displaying a mesial overlap (p= 0.027 CONCLUSION: Dental age is an important aspect of predicting canine ectopia. Non-resorption of the roots of the primary canine must be viewed with caution at the dental age of 10 years. Enlargement of the mandibular canine maybe viewed as a potential early warning sign for maxillary canine ectopia

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of lingual spurs has been described as one efficient option, with great stability of results, but with scarce information of toleration for use in the mixed and permanent dentition phases. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of lingual spurs on the oral health-related quality of life of children and/or adolescents during anterior open bite treatment. Methods: The review was recorded in the PROSPERO database. Eight electronic databases and partial gray literature were searched, without restrictions until march 2022. A manual search was also performed in the references of the included articles. Studies assessing the impact of lingual spurs on the oral health-related quality of life were included. Risk of bias was assessed using JBI or ROBINS-I tool, according to the study design. The level of evidence was assessed through GRADE. Results: Five studies met the eligibility criteria. Two non-randomized clinical trials had a serious risk of bias. Of the case-series studies, two had a low risk of bias and the other, a moderate risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence was classified as very low for all the evaluated results. In general, the studies reported an initial negative impact with the use of lingual spurs, however this was transitory in nature. A quantitative analysis was not performed due to the great heterogeneity between the studies. Conclusion: Current evidence, although limited, suggests that lingual spurs have an initial transient negative impact during interceptive treatment. Additional well-conducted randomized clinical trials are needed. Introduction option results phases Objective healthrelated health related andor treatment Methods database searched 2022 articles ROBINSI ROBINS I tool design GRADE Results criteria nonrandomized non caseseries case series other general nature Conclusion limited wellconducted well conducted needed 202 20 2

RESUMO Introdução: O uso de esporões linguais tem sido descrito como uma opção eficiente, com grande estabilidade de resultados, mas com poucas informações quanto à tolerância de seu uso nas fases de dentição mista e permanente. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto dos esporões linguais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças e/ou adolescentes durante o tratamento da mordida aberta anterior. Métodos: Essa revisão foi registrada no banco de dados PROSPERO. Oito bases de dados eletrônicas e parte da literatura cinzenta foram pesquisadas, sem restrições, até março de 2022. Uma busca manual também foi realizada nas referências dos artigos incluídos. Estudos avaliando o impacto dos esporões linguais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal foram incluídos. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a ferramenta JBI ou ROBINS-I, de acordo com o desenho do estudo. O nível de evidência foi avaliado por meio do GRADE. Resultados: Cinco estudos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Dois ensaios clínicos não randomizados apresentaram sério risco de viés. Dos estudos de série de casos, dois tiveram baixo risco de viés e o outro, risco moderado de viés. A certeza da evidência foi classificada como muito baixa para todos os resultados avaliados. Em geral, os estudos relataram um impacto negativo inicial com o uso dos esporões linguais; porém, de caráter transitório. Não foi realizada análise quantitativa, devido à grande heterogeneidade entre os estudos. Conclusão: As evidências atuais, embora limitadas, sugerem que os esporões linguais têm um impacto negativo transitório inicial durante o tratamento interceptativo. São necessários mais ensaios clínicos randomizados bem conduzidos. Introdução eficiente permanente Objetivo eou anterior Métodos PROSPERO pesquisadas restrições 2022 incluídos ROBINSI, ROBINSI ROBINS I, I ROBINS-I GRADE Resultados elegibilidade casos outro avaliados geral porém quantitativa Conclusão atuais limitadas interceptativo conduzidos 202 20 2

ABSTRACT: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in pediatric dentistry. determine the prevalence of dental caries according to nutritional status, social stratum and sex of children between 5 and 12 years of age with mixed dentition. A descriptive retrospective cohort study was carried out, whose sample considered 161 children treated during the year 2021 at the Dental Clinic of the Andrés Bello University. The classification of nutritional status was carried out through the Body Mass Index (BMI) and its Z score (BMIz-score), while the social stratum was extended by the Graffar-Méndez Castellano social stratification method, these variables being related to the prevalence of dental caries obtained from radiographic examination. There are no significant differences between groups for the prevalence of caries according to nutritional status (p = 0.143), social class (p = 0.344) and sex (p = 0.360). Future research is required to consider a better study of the triggering causes of dental caries, since these are factors that are difficult to modify.

RESUMEN: La caries dental es una de las enfermedades más prevalentes en la odontología pediátrica. Determinar la prevalencia de caries dental según estado nutricional, estrato social y sexo de niños de entre 5 a 12 años con dentición mixta. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de cohorte retrospectivo, cuya muestra considero 161 niños atendidos durante el año 2021 en la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Andrés Bello. La clasificación del estado nutricional se realizó a través del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y su score Z (IMCz-score), mientras que el estrato social se determinó por el método de estratificación social Graffar-Méndez Castellano, siendo estas variables relacionadas con la prevalencia de caries dental obtenida a partir de examen radiográfico. No existen diferencias significativas entre grupos para la prevalencia de caries según estado nutricional, (p = 0,143), estrato social (p = 0,344) y sexo (p =0,360). Se requieren de futuras investigaciones que consideren un mejor estudio de las causas detonadoras de caries dentales, puesto que estas son factores difícilmente modificables.

RESUMEN Problemas de espacio de crecimiento transversal en ambos maxilares pueden ser predichos al conocerse la distancia del ancho intercanino e intermolar. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar valores de medidas transversales de arcadas en pacientes con dentición mixta y dentición permanente del posgrado de Ortodoncia del Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Superiores. Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se tomaron las distancias lineales horizontales intercaninas temporarios y permanentes, y la distancia intermolar en primeros molares permanentes en modelos de estudio de pacientes entre el 2014 y el 2019. Participaron 144 pacientes de 8 a 32 años, 41,67% tenía más de 15 años, 65,28% eran mujeres y el 52,78% tenía dentición permanente. Los promedios de distancia intercanina maxilar fueron 33,22 ± 3,95 mm en hombres y 33,34 ± 3,90 mm en mujeres, la mandibular 27,30 ± 2,81 y 27,40 ± 2,92 mm respectivamente. La distancia intermolar maxilar en hombres fue de 34,16 ± 3,27 y 34,15 ± 3,26 mm en mujeres; la mandibular fue de 33,97 ± 3,27 y 33,94 ± 3,27 mm respectivamente. Los promedios de la distancia intercanina son similares por edad y sexo, mientras que los promedios de la arcada inferior son menores a los de la arcada superior en ambos sexos. Los promedios para la distancia intermolar son similares por edad, sexo y arcada.

ABSTRACT Transverse growth space problems in both maxillaries can be predicted by knowing the intercanine and intermolar width distance. The objective of the study was to determine values of transverse measures of arcades in patients with mixed dentition and permanent dentition of the postgraduate degree in Orthodontics of the Latin American Institute of Higher Studies. Descriptive observational cross-sectional study, the temporary and permanent intercanine horizontal linear distances were taken as well as the intermolar distance in permanent first molars in patient study models between 2014 and 2019. One hundred and forty-four patients aged from 8 to 32 years old participated, 41.67% were over 15 years old, 65.28% were women and 52.78% had permanent dentition. The mean maxillary intercanine distance was 33.22 ± 3.95 mm in men and 33.34 ± 3.90 mm in women, the mandibular 27.30 ± 2.81 and 27.40 ± 2.92 mm respectively. The maxillary intermolar distance was 34.16 ± 3.27 mm in men and 34.15 ± 3.26 mm in women, the mandibular 33.97 ± 3.27 and 33.94 ± 3.27 mm respectively. The averages of the intercanine distance were similar by age and sex, while the means of the lower arcades were lower than those of the upper arcade in both sexes. Means of the intermolar distance was similar by age, sex, and arcade.

Resumen Objetivo Presentar una serie de casos clínicos de mesiodens en niños con dentición temporal y mixta, su tratamiento y seguimiento. Casos clínicos Se muestra el manejo clínico de tres casos de mesiodens en dentición temporal y un caso en dentición mixta, los cuales fueron diagnosticados en un examen radiográfico de rutina.

Abstract Aim To present a series of clinical cases of mesiodens in children with primary and mixed dentition, their treatment and follow-up Clinical cases This paper describes the clinical management of three cases of mesiodens in primary dentition and one case in mixed dentition which were diagnosed in routine radiographic examinations.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre as dimensões do palato duro de acordo com os sexos, cor da pele e períodos da dentição mista e apresentar parâmetros de normalidade de referência para esta fase de desenvolvimento. Método Este estudo transversal avaliou uma amostra representativa de crianças com idade entre 7 e 13 anos em Santa Maria, sul do Brasil. Os desfechos do estudo foram as dimensões do palato: medidas de largura e profundidade. Características sociodemográficas e medidas orais relacionadas também foram avaliadas. Modelos de regressão linear ajustados foram utilizados para avaliar o efeito das variáveis preditoras sobre as dimensões do palato duro em milímetros. Os padrões de referência para a normalidade do palato duro foram apresentados em média, desvio padrão e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados Foram avaliadas 569 crianças. As dimensões do palato duro foram maiores no sexo masculino e menores no primeiro período de transição da dentição mista. A cor da pele influenciou a largura do palato duro ao nível dos pré-molares, sendo as medidas de largura menores nos brancos. Mordida cruzada posterior, más oclusões de Classe II e III de Angle e hábitos de sucção não nutricionais causaram redução nas medidas da largura do palato duro. Conclusão As diferentes dimensões do palato duro são influenciadas por variáveis demográficas como o sexo, cor da pele e período de dentição mista. Crianças do sexo feminino, de cor de pele branca e no primeiro período de transição de dentição mista apresentaram menores dimensões do palato duro. O estabelecimento de padrões de referência de normalidade nas medidas do palato orienta a prática clínica.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the association among dimensions of the hard palate according to the sexes, skin color, and periods of the mixed dentition and present reference parameters of normality for this stage of development. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated a representative sample of children between the ages of 7 and 13 years in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. The outcomes of the study were the dimensions of the palate: width measurements and depth. Sociodemographic characteristics and related oral measures were also assessed. Adjusted linear regression model were used to evaluate the effect of the predictor’s variables on the dimensions of the hard palate in millimeters. The reference standards for the hard palate normality were presented in mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 569 children were evaluated. The hard palate dimensions were larger in the male sex and smaller in the first transitional period of mixed dentition. Skin color had an influence on the hard palate width at the level of the premolars, and the width measurements were smaller in white individuals. Posterior cross bite, Angle Class II and III malocclusions and non-nutritional sucking habits caused reduction in the hard palate width measurements. Conclusion Different dimensions of the hard palate are influenced by demographic variables such as sex, skin color, and mixed dentition period. Children of the female sex, white-skinned and in the first transition period of mixed dentition had smaller dimensions of the hard palate. Establishing normality reference standards in measurements of the palates guides the clinical practice.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de má oclusão em crianças de seis a oito anos de idade no município de Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brasil), e a sua associação com a perda precoce de dentes decíduos. Métodos: Esse estudo transversal avaliou uma amostra representativa de 528 crianças de escolas públicas municipais de Florianópolis, no ano de 2009. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame clínico (perda dentária precoce, cárie dentária, interposição lingual e má oclusão - que foi o desfecho do estudo) e de um questionário. A regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi utilizada para modelar a associação entre má oclusão e as variáveis independentes. Resultados: A prevalência de má oclusão e de perda dentária precoce foi, respectivamente, de 66,7% e 21,8%. Na análise dos dados brutos, a má oclusão foi associada com a idade, perda dentária precoce e cárie dentária. Após ser feito o ajuste, crianças com mais de 7 anos, com interposição lingual e perda dentária precoce apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter má oclusão. Crianças com perda dentária precoce apresentaram probabilidade 24% maior de ter má oclusão do que aquelas sem perda dentária. Conclusões: A perda precoce de dentes decíduos foi associada à ocorrência de má oclusão nas crianças estudadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with the early loss of deciduous teeth and other factors in children in the mixed dentition phase, aged six to eight years, enrolled in public schools in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 528 children from municipal public schools in 2009. Data collection involved a clinical examination for the determination of early tooth loss, dental caries, tongue pressure and malocclusion (outcome), as well as the administration of a questionnaire. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was used to model the association between malocclusion and the independent variables. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion and early tooth loss was 69.1% and 21.8%, respectively. In the raw data analysis, malocclusion was associated with age, early tooth loss, dental caries and tongue pressure. After the adjustment, the likelihood of malocclusion was greater among children older than eight years, those who exerted tongue pressure on the teeth and those with early tooth loss. The likelihood of malocclusion was 24% greater among children with early tooth loss, compared to those without tooth loss. Conclusion: The early loss of deciduous teeth was associated with the occurrence of malocclusion in the children studied.