ABSTRACT Following a chronic context of political crisis and violence (Antillano & Ávila, 2017; Antillano, 2023; Zubillaga & Llorens, 2023), Venezuela migration crisis of last years impacted on receptors countries such as Colombia and Perú (R4V, 2023). In particular, an exponential increase of foreign inmates in Peruvian prisons has triggered a renewed criminological discussion about migration and crime (Park et al., 1967; Brion, 1997). This article tackles an understudied aspect of this highly complex migration process: Venezuelans citizens facing pre-trial detention (74,5 %) or conviction sentences (25,5 %) in Peruvian prisons (INPE, 2024). Using a mixed methods approach we gathered statistics and conducted interviews of inmates and penitentiary agents to describe this new ‘coexistence’ in prisons. Furthermore, we discussed Venezuelan inmates’ adaptation vis á vis Peruvian prison culture and whether criminal groups could expand or transplant their activities (Varese, 2011; Garzón & Olson, 2013) to receptors country such as Panamá, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia and Chile. Thus, we argue that cultural importation dynamics take place at Peruvian prisons and, moreover, conflict emerged between two prison cultures and convict codes (one of them involving an inmate self-government background and the other familiarized with dialogued ‘prison governance’ schemes); these two different visions of ‘what life in prison should be’ struggle to impose their own ways to recreate conviviality and survival.

RESUMEN La migración venezolana de los últimos años, relacionada con un contexto crónico de crisis política y violencia (Antillano & Ávila, 2017; Antillano, 2023; Zubillaga & Llorens, 2023), ha impactado significativamente en los principales países receptores, como Colombia y Perú (R4V, 2023). Al mismo tiempo, se ha incrementado exponencialmente el número de presos extranjeros en las cárceles peruanas, reavivando así la vieja discusión sobre migración y delincuencia, que ha ocupado a la criminología durante décadas (Park et al., 1967; Brion, 1997). En ese sentido, el presente artículo aborda uno de los aspectos menos trabajados de este complejo proceso migratorio en América Latina: el de los venezolanos que se encuentran procesados (74,5 %) o sentenciados (25,5 %) en los centros penitenciarios del Perú (INPE, 2024). Desde un enfoque metodológico mixto, se recoge la visión de los mismos venezolanos presos, de los presos peruanos, y de las autoridades penitenciarias, acerca de esta nueva «convivencia carcelaria». Además, se analiza si dentro de esta novedosa relación con la cultura carcelaria peruana, el rostro más organizado de la delincuencia venezolana es capaz de expandirse o trasplantarse (Varese, 2011; Garzón & Olson, 2013), producto de este proceso migratorio hacia los países de destino, como Panamá, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia y Chile. Así, argumentamos que, dentro de una dinámica de importación delictiva en los penales peruanos, existe un conflicto entre dos culturas carcelarias diferentes (una que tiene como referente la posibilidad del «autogobierno» de los mismos internos, y la otra que busca mantener una «gobernanza carcelaria»); ambas «visiones» de lo que es la vida en prisión pugnan por imponer sus propios modos de concebir la convivencia penitenciaria.

ABSTRACT Benzene represents an environmental and health risk because it has high solubility and mobility in water and also has carcinogenic properties. It is considered one of the most recalcitrant compounds among the aromatic hydrocarbons in anaerobic environments. Despite the investigations already conducted, the effect of important intermediates using mixed cultures as anaerobic sludge is still quite controversial. From this perspective, the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of ethanol as a co-substrate and the addition of anaerobic benzene degradation by-products (i.e., phenol, benzoate, and toluene). The experiments were carried out in borosilicate glass bottles (115 mL) with a reaction volume of 70 mL (basal medium + microorganisms) inoculated with acclimatized anaerobic sludge (2 g VSS·L−1). Benzene removal was accelerated when ethanol was used as a co-substrate, with the consumption rate increasing from 0.0445 mg·L−1·day−1 (without ethanol) to 0.0563 mg·L−1·day−1 (with ethanol), suggesting the participation of cometabolic processes. Benzene was removed with the subsequent formation of phenol and benzoate, consumed later, with no accumulation of by-products in the medium. Finally, intermediate addition negatively influenced benzene removal, with benzoate showing the greatest interference (~55% reduction), as it is a key intermediate in the anaerobic benzene removal. properties environments conducted controversial perspective cosubstrate co substrate byproducts by products i.e., ie i e (i.e. toluene. toluene . toluene) 115 (11 7 basal microorganisms 2 ( VSS·L−1. VSSL1 VSSL VSS·L−1 VSS L 1 VSS·L−1) cosubstrate, substrate, 00445 0 0445 0.044 mgL1day1 mgLday mg day mg·L−1·day− without 00563 0563 0.056 ethanol, , processes later Finally ~55% 55 (~55 reduction, reduction reduction) i.e. (i.e 11 (1 VSS·L− 0044 044 0.04 mgL mgL1day mg·L−1·day 0056 056 0.05 ~55 5 (~5 i.e VSS·L 004 04 0.0 005 05 ~5 (~ 00 0. ~

RESUMO O benzeno representa um risco ambiental e para a saúde, porque possui alta solubilidade e mobilidade na água e também propriedades cancerígenas. É considerado um dos compostos mais recalcitrantes entre os hidrocarbonetos aromáticos em ambientes anaeróbios. Apesar das investigações já realizadas, o efeito de importantes intermediários utilizando culturas mistas como lodo anaeróbio ainda é bastante controverso. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência do etanol como cossubstrato e da adição de subprodutos da degradação anaeróbia do benzeno (isto é, fenol, benzoato e tolueno). Os experimentos foram realizados em frascos de vidro borossilicato (115 mL) com volume de reação de 70 mL (meio basal + microrganismos) inoculados com lodo anaeróbio aclimatado (2 g VSS·L-1). A remoção do benzeno foi acelerada quando o etanol foi utilizado como cossubstrato, com a taxa de consumo aumentando de 0,0445 (sem etanol) para 0,0563 mg·L-1·dia-1 (com etanol), sugerindo a participação de processos cometabólicos. O benzeno foi removido com posterior formação de fenol e benzoato, consumidos posteriormente, sem acúmulo de subprodutos no meio. Finalmente, a adição de intermediário influenciou negativamente a remoção de benzeno, com o benzoato apresentando a maior interferência (~55% de redução), por ser um intermediário-chave na remoção anaeróbia de benzeno. saúde cancerígenas anaeróbios realizadas controverso perspectiva isto tolueno. tolueno . tolueno) 115 (11 7 meio microrganismos 2 ( VSS·L1. VSSL1 VSSL VSS·L 1 VSS L VSS·L-1) 00445 0 0445 0,044 00563 0563 0,056 mg·L1·dia1 mgL1dia1 mgLdia mg·L 1·dia mg dia mg·L-1·dia- etanol, , cometabólicos posteriormente Finalmente ~55% 55 (~55 redução, redução redução) intermediáriochave chave 11 (1 L1 VSS·L1 VSS·L-1 0044 044 0,04 0056 056 0,05 dia1 mg·L1·dia mgL mgL1dia 1dia mg·L-1·dia ~55 5 (~5 VSS·L- 004 04 0,0 005 05 ~5 (~ 00 0, ~

ABSTRACT Avian mycoplasmosis is a disease of significant economic impact, potentially leading to restrictions on the international trade of poultry products. Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) are well-established as pathogenic, while Mycoplasma gallinaceum (Mgc) is considered commensal. Nevertheless, the latter can exacerbate clinical conditions in cases of co-infections with other pathogens. Due to the slow growth rates of MS and MG, they are susceptible to being outpaced by fast growing mycoplasmas, thereby complicating cultivation, and potentially yielding false-negative results. Thus, this study aimed to report a mixed infection of Mgc and MS in commercial laying hens and the compromised isolation of MS caused by this non-pathogenic mycoplasma. Twenty tracheal samples from chickens were collected, subjected to PCR, and cultured in a modified Frey’s medium. Samples displaying colonies compatible with mycoplasmas underwent three passages to obtain pure cultures. PCR-positive samples for the Mycoplasma spp., and negative ones for MS and MG, were subsequently subjected to DNA sequencing. All clinical samples tested via PCR were positive for MS (20/20) and negative for MG (0/20). During isolation, only five samples exhibited colonies with characteristic mycoplasma growth. However, PCR analysis of these cultures produced negative results for MS and MG, but were positive for Mycoplasma spp. DNA sequencing confirmed that all isolated strains were Mgc. Mgc displayed rapid growth, posing challenges to obtaining MS strains for isolation. The coexistence of MS and Mgc in the respiratory tract of commercial laying hens has the potential of inducing a synergistic effect on respiratory manifestations. impact products (MS (MG wellestablished well established pathogenic (Mgc commensal Nevertheless coinfections co infections pathogens cultivation falsenegative false Thus nonpathogenic non collected Freys Frey s medium PCRpositive spp 20/20 2020 20 (20/20 0/20. 020 0/20 . 0 (0/20) However manifestations 20/2 202 2 (20/2 02 0/2 (0/20 20/ (20/ 0/ (0/2 (20 (0/ (2 (0 (

Aim This study aimed to perform an in vitro comparative analysis of the antifungal activity of different calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers against three fungal species. Methods The antifungal properties of three calcium silicate-based sealers were tested: Bio-C Sealer, Cambiar a Sealer Plus BC, and MTA-Fillapex. Two commonly used sealers were used as controls: AH Plus and Endomethasone. An agar diffusion test was performed to analyze the antifungal activity of the sealers against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and a mixed microbial culture medium. The results were analyzed using ANOVA (p <0.05). Results Endomethasone exhibited the highest inhibition against all strains examined, maintaining a consistent level of inhibition throughout 7 days. MTA-Fillapex demonstrated the best performance among the calcium silicate-based sealers for the three fungal species (p < 0.05), maintaining stable values over the 7 days, surpassing that of Endomethasone. Nevertheless, MTA-Fillapex only exhibited antimicrobial effect against the mixed culture for the first 24 hours, and no antimicrobial activity was observed at 48 hours, being surpassed by all tested sealers (p < 0.05). Conclusion Of all silicate-based sealers tested, only MTA-Fillapex exhibited promising antifungal activity. Nevertheless, care must be taken when extrapolating these results, as MTA-Fillapex exhibited poor antimicrobial activity when tested in mixed microbial cultures. silicatebased silicate based BioC Bio C BC MTAFillapex. MTAFillapex MTA Fillapex. Fillapex controls albicans glabrata tropicalis medium p <0.05. 005 <0.05 . 0 05 <0.05) examined days 0.05, 0.05 , 0.05) Nevertheless 2 hours 4 0.05. cultures 00 <0.0 0.0 <0. 0. <0

ABSTRACT There is an increasing demand to address interculturality in schools due to increasing global mobility at an institutional and practical levels. However, issues of identity and language commodification seem to hinder these processes in communities that have been historically and precariously minoritized such as indigenous and immigrant children. Hence, this embedded mixed-methods study analyses how interculturality is conceptualized, implemented, and experienced 1) in the National Policy for Foreign Students (2018-2022) (PNM); and 2) by six EFL teachers working in vulnerable multicultural educational contexts in Chile. First, the PNM document is analyzed following a corpus-assisted approach to critical discourse analysis. Then, the interviews were analyzed following a grounded approach to thematic coding. Results show a clear dichotomy between ontological and epistemological understanding of interculturality in which schools attempt to promote the critical coexistence of various cultures among their students and communities despite the precariousness they face and the lack of an intersectional understating of interculturality in the PNM. levels However children Hence mixedmethods mixed methods conceptualized implemented 1 20182022 2018 2022 (2018-2022 (PNM) 2 Chile First corpusassisted corpus assisted analysis Then coding 2018202 201 202 (2018-202 (PNM 201820 20 (2018-20 20182 (2018-2 (2018- (2018 (201 (20 (2 (

RESUMO Atualmente existe uma crescente demanda para abordar a interculturalidade nas escolas devido a uma alta mobilidade global. Entretanto, fatores como identidade e comodificação da linguagem parecem debilitar estes processos em comunidades historica e precariamente marginalizadas como a infância indígena e imigrante. Neste contexto, este estudo misto analisa como se conceitualiza, interpreta, implementa e experimenta a interculturalidade no documento “Política Nacional de Estudantes Estrangeiros (2018-2022) (PNM)”; e nas experiências de seis professores de inglês que trabalham em contextos multiculturais de alta vulnerabilidade. Primeiramente, o documento é analisado seguindo uma abordagem assistida por corpus de análise crítica do discurso. Em seguida, as entrevistas foram analisadas seguindo uma abordagem fundamentada da codificação temática. Os resultados mostram uma clara dicotomia entre a compreensão ontológica e epistemológica da interculturalidade em que as escolas tentam promover a coexistência crítica de várias culturas entre seus alunos e comunidades, apesar da precariedade que enfrentam e da falta de uma compreensão interseccional da interculturalidade na política educacional. global Entretanto imigrante contexto conceitualiza interpreta Política 20182022 2018 2022 (2018-2022 PNM (PNM)” vulnerabilidade Primeiramente discurso seguida temática educacional 2018202 201 202 (2018-202 (PNM) 201820 20 (2018-20 (PNM 20182 2 (2018-2 (2018- (2018 (201 (20 (2 (

RESUMEN Actualmente, existe una creciente demanda para abordar la interculturalidad en las escuelas debido a una alta movilidad global. Sin embargo, factores como la identidad y la comodificación del lenguaje parecieran debilitar estos proceses en comunidades histórica y precariamente marginadas como la niñez indígena e inmigrante. En este contexto, este estudio mixto analiza cómo se conceptualiza, interpreta, implementa y experimenta la interculturalidad en el documento “Política Nacional de Estudiantes Extranjeros (2018-2022) (PNM)”; y en las experiencias de seis profesores de inglés que trabajan en contextos multiculturales de alta vulnerabilidad. Primero, se analiza el documento PNM siguiendo estrategias del análisis crítico del discurso asistido por metodologías de la lingüística de corpus, para luego analizar entrevistas semi-estructuradas a seis profesores de inglés de distintas ciudades del país a través de una codificación temática. Los resultados muestran una dicotomía clara entre conceptualizaciones ontológicas y epistemológicas de la interculturalidad, en donde las escuelas intentan promover la coexistencia crítica de varias culturas entre sus estudiantes y comunidades a pesar de la alta precariedad que enfrentan de la falta de un enfoque interseccional de la interculturalidad en el PNM. Actualmente global embargo inmigrante contexto conceptualiza interpreta Política 20182022 2018 2022 (2018-2022 (PNM)” vulnerabilidad Primero corpus semiestructuradas semi estructuradas temática 2018202 201 202 (2018-202 (PNM) 201820 20 (2018-20 (PNM 20182 2 (2018-2 (2018- (2018 (201 (20 (2 (

Abstract: This study delves into the integration of traditional Chinese culture into ethnic education in minority regions. Utilizing a cultural philosophy framework, it investigates how enhancing educational mechanisms and transforming educational philosophies can boost cultural preservation and raise educational quality. By incorporating traditional cultural values into school curricula and activities, the research highlights effective methods for promoting the development and preservation of minority cultures. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study conducted qualitative interviews with educators and stakeholders in ethnic education, supplemented by students’ and educators’ quantitative surveys in minority areas. The findings underscore the importance of culturally informed educational practices in enriching these regions’ both the cultural and educational landscapes. Abstract regions framework quality activities cultures mixedmethods mixed approach students areas landscapes

Resumo: Este estudo ilustra a integração da cultura tradicional chinesa na educação étnica, em regiões minoritárias. Utilizando um quadro de filosofia cultural, investiga como melhorar mecanismos educacionais e transformar filosofias educacionais podem impulsionar a preservação cultural e aumentar a qualidade educacional. Ao incorporar valores culturais tradicionais nos currículos e atividades escolares, a pesquisa destaca métodos efetivos para promover o desenvolvimento e preservação das culturas minoritárias. Usando uma abordagem de métodos mistos, este estudo realizou entrevistas qualitativas com educadores e partes interessadas na educação étnica, suplementadas por pesquisas quantitativas de alunos e educadores, em áreas minoritárias. Os achados sublinham a importância das práticas educativas culturalmente informadas, para enriquecer tanto as paisagens culturais como educacionais dessas regiões. Resumo étnica minoritárias educacional escolares mistos informadas

Abstract Experimental models that consider host-pathogen interactions are relevant for improving knowledge about oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to assess the epithelial immune responses, Candida penetration of cell monolayers, and virulence during mixed species culture infections. Single species cultures of Candida albicans and mixed cultures (C. albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis) were used to infect monolayers of HaCaT and FaDu ATCC HTB-43 cells for 12 h. After infection, IL-18 and IL-34 gene expression was measured to assess epithelial cell immune responses, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured as an indicator of cell damage. Microscopy determined C. albicans morphology and penetration of fungal cells through the keratinocyte monolayer. Monolayers devoid of infection served as controls. Data were analyzed by an ANOVA one-way test followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The results found that IL-18 and IL-34 gene expression and LDH activity were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated for both cell lines exposed to mixed species cultures compared with C. albicans alone. Candida albicans yeast and hyphae were evident in C. albicans only infections. In contrast, monolayers infected by C. albicans, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis exhibited higher microbial invasion with several hyphal aggregates detected. The presence of streptococci in C. albicans infection enhances the virulence and pathogenicity of the fungus with associated increased immune responses and tissue damage. Extrapolation of these findings to oral infection would indicate the added potential benefit of managing bacterial components of biofilms during treatment. hostpathogen host pathogen candidiasis infections C (C mutans HTB43 HTB 43 HTB-4 1 h IL18 IL 18 IL-1 IL34 34 IL-3 (LDH damage monolayer controls oneway one way Tukeys Tukey s posthoc post hoc α 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 p alone contrast S detected treatment HTB4 4 HTB- IL1 IL- IL3 3 00 0.0 0.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta epithelial imune, a colonização da Candida albicans em monocamadas celulares e sua virulência em resposta a infecções de culturas de biofilme multiespécie. Culturas de biofilme monoespécie de C. albicans e culturas mistas (C. albicans, Streptococcus mutans e Streptococcus sanguinis) foram utilizadas para infectar monocamadas de células HaCaT e FaDu por 12 h. Após a infecção, a expressão dos genes IL-18 e IL-34 foi medida para avaliar as respostas imunes das células epiteliais. A atividade da lactato desidrogenase (LDH) foi medida como um indicador de dano celular. A microscopia determinou a morfologia de C. albicans e a penetração das células fúngicas através da monocamada de queratinócitos. Monocamadas em que não houve infecção serviram como controles. Os dados foram analisados por um teste ANOVA one-way seguido pelo teste post-hoc de Tukey (α = 0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que a expressão gênica de IL-18 e IL-34 e a atividade de LDH foram (p < 0,05) reguladas positivamente para ambas as linhagens de células expostas a culturas de espécies mistas em comparação com C. albicans isoladamente. Leveduras de C.albicans e hifas foram evidentes em infecções apenas por C. albicans. Entretanto, monocamadas infectadas por C. albicans, S. mutans e S. sanguinis exibiram maior invasão microbiana com vários agregados de hifas detectados. Dessa maneira, a presença de estreptococos na infecção por C. albicans aumentou a virulência e a patogenicidade do fungo com respostas imunes aumentadas associadas a danos nos tecidos. A extrapolação desses achados para a infecção oral indicaria o potencial benéfico do controle dos componentes bacterianos em biofilmes durante a terapia da candidíase imune multiespécie C (C 1 h IL18 IL 18 IL-1 IL34 34 IL-3 epiteliais (LDH celular queratinócitos controles oneway one way posthoc post hoc α 0,05. 005 0,05 . 0 05 p isoladamente Calbicans Entretanto S detectados maneira tecidos IL1 IL- IL3 3 00 0,0 0,

Resumen La colaboración docente en las últimas décadas ha adquirido cada vez más importancia como estrategia para la mejora e innovación escolar (Hargreaves & O’Connor, 2020). Una Comunidad Profesional de Aprendizaje (CPA) pone énfasis en el desarrollo de culturas colaborativas que incentivan el aprendizaje, tanto en los docentes como en los estudiantes (Bolam et al., 2007; Hord et al., 2010; Hord & Hirsh, 2008). El presente estudio analiza las apreciaciones de docentes, directivos y asistentes de la educación sobre las dimensiones de colaboración que contempla una CPA. El método de investigación corresponde a un estudio mixto concurrente (Creswell, 2009) con estrategia de estudio de casos múltiples (Stake, 1998) en cinco centros educativos de Chile. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 161 informantes, junto al desarrollo de 10 grupos de discusión. Los principales hallazgos establecen que son positivas las percepciones con respecto a las relaciones entre pares al compartir sus prácticas, sin embargo, se carece de espacios de acompañamiento, observación y retroalimentación entre pares que permitan profundizar en el aprendizaje colectivo. Se observa la necesidad de avanzar en espacios de profundización especializada en la práctica docente, teniendo como base la documentación de investigaciones en materias educativas, junto con potenciar las fortalezas halladas en los centros educativos con relaciones sociales positivas para el aprendizaje.

Abstract Teacher collaboration in recent decades has become increasingly important as a strategy for school improvement and innovation (Hargreaves & O'Connor, 2020). A Professional Learning Community emphasizes the development of collaborative cultures that encourage learning in both teachers and students (Bolam et al., 2007; Hord et al., 2010; Hord & Hirsh, 2008). The present study analyzes the appraisals of teachers, managers and educational assistants on the dimensions of collaboration that a CPA contemplates. The research method corresponds to a concurrent mixed study (Creswell, 2009) with a multiple case study strategy (Stake, 1998) in five educational centers in Chile. A questionnaire was applied to 161 informants, together with the development of 10 discussion groups. The main findings establish that the perceptions regarding peer relationships when sharing their practices are positive; however, there is a lack of spaces for peer accompaniment, observation and feedback that would deepen collective learning. There is a need to advance in specialized deepening spaces in teaching practice based on the documentation of research in educational subjects, together with enhancing the strengths found in educational centers with positive social relations for learning.

Resumo A colaboração dos professores nas últimas décadas tornou-se cada vez mais importante como estratégia para a melhoria e inovação escolares (Hargreaves & O'Connor, 2020). Uma Comunidade de Aprendizagem Profissional enfatiza o desenvolvimento de culturas colaborativas que encorajam a aprendizagem tanto em professores como em estudantes (Bolam et al., 2007; Hord et al., 2010; Hord & Hirsh, 2008). Este estudo analisa as percepções dos professores, gestores e assistentes educativos sobre as dimensões de colaboração de um CPA. O método de investigação corresponde a um estudo simultâneo misto (Creswell, 2009) com uma estratégia de estudo de casos múltiplos (Stake, 1998) em cinco escolas no Chile. Foi aplicado um questionário a 161 informadores, juntamente com o desenvolvimento de 10 grupos focais. As principais conclusões estabelecem que as percepções relativas às relações entre pares quando partilham as suas práticas são positivas; no entanto, há uma falta de espaços para o acompanhamento, observação e feedback dos pares que permitam aprofundar a aprendizagem coletiva. Observa-se a necessidade de avançar em espaços de aprofundamento especializado da prática pedagógica com base na documentação da investigação em disciplinas educativas, juntamente com o reforço dos pontos fortes encontrados nas escolas com relações sociais positivas para a aprendizagem.

ABSTRACT Objective This study verified the replication efficiency of the Rocio virus in a primary culture of mouse neural cells. Methods Mixed primary cultures (neurons/glia) obtained from the brains of newborn isogenic BALB/c mice were inoculated with Rocio virus on the 7 th day of culture, and the development of cytopathogenic effects was monitored. The infection was confirmed via immunocytochemistry (anti-ROCV), while viral replication was quantified in infected primary cultures. The titration method used depended on the infection period. Results Rocio virus efficiently infected primary cultured neural cells, with the highest viral titer causing cytopathic changes was observed at 2 days post infection. The virus-infected primary culture survived for up to 7 days post infection, and viral load quantitation showed viral replication kinetics compatible with the cell death kinetics of cultures. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that mouse neural cell primary cultures support Rocio virus replication and could be used as an alternative system for studying Flavivirus infection in the central nervous system. cells neurons/glia neuronsglia neurons glia (neurons/glia BALBc BALB c monitored antiROCV, antiROCV anti ROCV , (anti-ROCV) period virusinfected (anti-ROCV

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to search for the presence of bacterial and fungal growth in urine samples from cats with urethral obstruction, to identify the causative infectious agents, and to compare select clinical-laboratory parameters with urine culture results after urethral catheterization. Twenty-eight male cats were enrolled in this prospective study. Urethral catheterization was performed aseptically, and the catheter was maintained for 24-48 hours with a sterile closed collection system. No antibiotics were used during this period. The first urine sample was obtained at the time of presentation, and the second, 24-48 hours after catheter removal, both by cystocentesis. Two cats (7.1%) presented a positive bacterial urine culture on the first sample. The frequency of positive urine cultures in the second sample was 52.4% (11/21 cats). One third of bacterial pathogens were Gram-positive, one third were Gram-negative, and one third were mixed isolates. Fungal cultures were all negative. There was significant association of positive urine culture results with pyuria (P=0.0128). A high frequency of positive urine cultures after urinary catheter removal was observed, despite respecting the standards of care for urethral catheters. Still, these results should be interpreted with caution, since intermittent bladder flushing was performed disconnecting the collecting system, which may have represented a critical point for bacterial contamination. It is emphasized that urine cultures should be considered as follow up in cats with urethral obstruction, after urethral catheter removal. obstruction agents clinicallaboratory clinical laboratory Twentyeight Twenty eight aseptically 2448 24 48 24-4 system period presentation cystocentesis 7.1% 71 7 1 (7.1% 524 52 4 52.4 11/21 1121 11 21 (11/2 cats. . cats) Grampositive, Grampositive Gram positive, Gram-positive Gramnegative, Gramnegative negative, negative Gram-negative isolates P=0.0128. P00128 P P=0.0128 0 0128 (P=0.0128) observed catheters Still caution contamination 244 2 24- 7.1 (7.1 5 52. 11/2 112 (11/ P0012 P=0.012 012 (P=0.0128 7. (7. 11/ (11 P001 P=0.01 01 (P=0.012 (7 (1 P00 P=0.0 (P=0.01 ( P0 P=0. (P=0.0 P=0 (P=0. P= (P=0 (P= (P

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram pesquisar a presença de crescimento bacteriano e fúngico em amostras de urina de gatos com obstrução uretral, identificar os agentes infecciosos causadores e comparar parâmetros clínico-laboratoriais selecionados com os resultados da urocultura após a cateterização uretral. Vinte e oito gatos machos foram incluídos neste estudo prospectivo. A sondagem uretral foi realizada de forma asséptica, e o cateter foi mantido por 24-48 horas, com um sistema de coleta fechado e estéril. Não foram utilizados antibióticos durante esse período. A primeira amostra de urina foi obtida no momento da admissão do felino, e a segunda 24-48 horas após a retirada do cateter, ambas por cistocentese. Dois gatos (7,1%) apresentaram urocultura bacteriana positiva na primeira amostra de urina. A frequência de culturas de urina positivas na segunda amostra foi de 52,4% (11/21 gatos). Um terço das bactérias isoladas eram Gram-positivas, um terço eram Gram-negativas e um terço eram infecções mistas. As culturas fúngicas foram todas negativas. Houve associação significativa das uroculturas positivas com presença de piúria (P=0,0128). Observou-se alta frequência de uroculturas positivas após a retirada do cateter urinário, apesar de se respeitarem as diretrizes de cuidados com os cateteres uretrais. Ainda assim, esses resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela, pois a lavagem vesical intermitente foi realizada desconectando o sistema coletor, o que pode ter representado um ponto crítico para contaminação bacteriana. Ressalta-se que as uroculturas devem ser consideradas como acompanhamento em gatos com obstrução uretral, após a retirada do cateter uretral. clínicolaboratoriais clínico laboratoriais prospectivo asséptica 2448 24 48 24-4 estéril período felino cistocentese 7,1% 71 7 1 (7,1% 524 52 4 52,4 11/21 1121 11 21 (11/2 gatos. . gatos) Grampositivas, Grampositivas Gram positivas, Gram-positivas Gramnegativas negativas mistas P=0,0128. P00128 P P=0,0128 0 0128 (P=0,0128) Observouse Observou urinário uretrais assim cautela coletor Ressaltase Ressalta 244 2 24- 7,1 (7,1 5 52, 11/2 112 (11/ P0012 P=0,012 012 (P=0,0128 7, (7, 11/ (11 P001 P=0,01 01 (P=0,012 (7 (1 P00 P=0,0 (P=0,01 ( P0 P=0, (P=0,0 P=0 (P=0, P= (P=0 (P= (P

BACKGROUND: Many state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in South Africa face the serious problem of knowledge-unfriendly organisational cultures, structures and human resource management (HRM) practices that hinder the reduction of the risks associated with tacit knowledge loss. OBJECTIVE: The article examines the role of HRM in facilitating knowledge-driven organisational cultures and structures for the reduction of tacit knowledge loss in South African SOEs. METHODS: The study deployed an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design to examine the role of HRM in facilitating organisational cultures and structures that are supportive of knowledge management (KM). In the qualitative phase, data were collected through interviews with 20 purposively selected HR managers in nine SOEs. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was distributed to 585 randomly selected employees in three state-owned companies. The instrument was considered reliable with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 and a response rate of 25%. RESULTS: The research findings revealed that a majority of organisational cultures and structures in SOEs did not facilitate or assist to propel and support KM activities, behaviours and practices. On a positive note, human resource managers acknowledge that they have a crucial role to play in influencing culture management and structural designs in their companies to boost KM activities, behaviours and cultures. CONCLUSION: Numerous SOEs did not exhibit certain knowledge-driven behaviours and cultures because of a lack of structures to drive KM. Human resource managers did not exert their role in driving and influencing such knowledge-based behaviours, cultures and structures to lessen potential tacit knowledge loss.

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) se considera la enfermedad infecciosa más común entre las mujeres. La ITU puede provocar una complicación grave en ambos riñones. En este estudio, intentamos determinar si la alternancia en el recuento de plaquetas durante la ITU está relacionada con el tipo específico de bacterias Gram que causan la infección. Esto ayuda al personal médico a seleccionar el fármaco antimicrobiano adecuado. Material y Métodos: Datos de todos los urocultivos del Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital Albaraa (Trípoli), procesados en el Laboratorio durante un período de tres años (2017-2019). Todos los análisis de datos y estadísticas se realizaron con el software SPSS versión 16 y se realizaron con ANOVA de una vía y se utilizó una prueba paramétrica para valores categóricos y valores no distribuidos normalmente. Resultados: Se detectó un crecimiento en 101 de 193 (52%) muestras y 22 (11%) fueron de crecimiento mixto. Las bacterias Gram negativas se identificaron en el 57% (45/79) mientras que el 43% (34/79) se presentaron con bacterias Gram positivas. En cuanto a la alteración del recuento de plaquetas, se revela que hubo una diferencia significativa entre los casos infectados por bacterias Gram negativas frente a otros infectados por bacterias Gram positivas y el grupo control. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio actual sugieren que el cambio en el recuento de plaquetas durante la ITU está asociado con el tipo Gram de la bacteria causante.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Urinary Tract infection (UTI) is considered as the most common infections disease among women. UTI may lead to a serious complication in both kidneys. In this study, we tried to determine whether the alternation in platelet count during UTI is related to specific Gram-type of bacteria causing the infection. This assists the medical staff in selection of suitable antimicrobial drug. Material and Methods: Data of all urine cultures from Gynecology Department/ Albaraa Hospital/Tripoli processed at the Laboratory during a period of three years (2017 - 2019). All Data analysis and statistics were made with the SPSS software version 16 and performed with one-way ANOVA and a parametric test was used for categorical values and not normally distributed values. Results: A growth was detected in 101 of 193 (52%) samples and 22 (11%) were mixed growth. Gram-negative bacteria identified in 57% (45/79) while 43% (34/79) occurred with Gram-positive bacteria. Regarding to platelets count alteration, it is revealed that there was a significant difference between cases infected by Gram-negative bacteria compared to others infected by Gram-positive bacteria and control group. Conclusions: Results of the current study suggest that the change in platelet count during UTI is associated with causative bacteria’s Gram-type.

Abstract. Gracilaria chilensis is distributed in New Zealand (including Chatham Island) and South America. This species has a three-stage sexual life cycle, as well as asexual and vegetative reproduction, and is commercially important as it is a valuable source for producing agar. However, basing the crops exclusively on clonal reproduction and vegetative propagation has led to a reduction in their genotypic diversity, an increase in their susceptibility to infection by epiphytes, and a decrease in their quality. Thus, it is important to establish indoor cultures of G. chilensis from thalli with a mixed reproductive regime (sexual and asexual) that maintains the genetic variability of the cultivars. In this study, the biomass, growth rate, and productivity of indoor cultures of G. chilensis were evaluated (as a first approach) using various culture media [i.e., von Stosch medium (VS), Basfoliar® Aktiv (BF), and mixtures of VS and BF, namely, VS/BF-A and VS/BF-B]. The VS/BF-A medium showed the best results in terms of biomass (51.8 ± 3.7 g m-2), growth rate (4.55 ± 0.43 %d-1), and productivity (14 g m-2 d-1), including the occurrence of thalli with cystocarps. The positive results using the VS/BF-A medium could be attributed to the fact that BF provides different elements (K, Cu, Mo, and Zn) that are crucial, since they are involved in numerous physiological functions in the algae, and also to the N:P ratio utilized (1:1), which positively affects growth and productivity. This information provides pivotal updated knowledge regarding cultures of G. chilensis under controlled conditions, promoting its successful cultivation for productive purposes.

Resumen: Gracilaria chilensis se distribuye en Nueva Zelanda (incluida la Isla Chatham) y Sudamérica. Esta especie tiene un ciclo de vida sexual de tres fases, así como una reproducción asexual y vegetativa, y es comercialmente importante, ya que es una valiosa fuente para producir agar. Sin embargo, los cultivos basados exclusivamente en la reproducción clonal y la propagación vegetativa han provocado una reducción de la diversidad genotípica, incrementando la susceptibilidad a la infección por epifitos y una disminución de la calidad. Por ello, es importante establecer cultivos de interior de G. chilensis a partir de talos, con un régimen reproductivo mixto (sexual y asexual), que mantenga la variabilidad genética de los cultivares. En este estudio, fue evaluada (como primera aproximación) la biomasa, la tasa de crecimiento y la productividad de los cultivos de interior de G. chilensis utilizando varios medios de cultivo [i.e., medio von Stosch (VS), Basfoliar® Aktiv (BF), y mezclas de VS y BF, es decir, VS/BF-A y VS/BF-B]. El medio VS/BF-A mostró los mejores resultados en términos de biomasa (51,8 ± 3,7 g m-2), tasa de crecimiento (4,55 ± 0,43 %d-1) y productividad (14 g m-2 d-1), incluyendo la ocurrencia de talos con cistocarpos. Los resultados positivos utilizando el medio VS/BF-A podrían atribuirse al hecho de que el BF proporciona diferentes elementos (K, Cu, Mo y Zn) que son cruciales, ya que están involucrados en numerosas funciones fisiológicas en las algas, y la razón N:P utilizada (1:1) ya que afecta positivamente al crecimiento y la productividad. Esta información proporciona un conocimiento actualizado fundamental sobre los cultivos de G. chilensis en condiciones controladas, promoviendo su cultivo exitoso con fines productivos.

ABSTRACT: There are bacteria that produce lactic acid (LAB) present in the epiphytic microflora of plants, and consortia of mountain microorganisms such as yeasts and mixed cultures that can be used as probiotics and growth promoters in animal production. To evaluate the use of mountain microorganisms in corn silage as probiotics in the fattening of rabbits for 4 weeks, 20 hybrid rabbits were used which were chosen randomly in each treatment. The preparation of the probiotics was carried out through an initial anaerobic fermentation stage and a final aerobic one. Treatment (T1) was a diet supplemented with the addition of mountain microorganisms in corn silage (MME) in the drinking water and treatment two or conventional (T2) served as a control without application of MME. The feed consumption and the feed conversion index were calculated, expressed as the mean ± the standard deviation. When performing an analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was established that during week 4 of treatment there was a significant difference (P <0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion between treatments, being favorable for T1 supplemented with MME.

RESUMEN: Existen bacterias que producen ácido láctico (BAL) presentes en la microflora epifita de los vegetales, y consorcios de microorganismos de montaña como levaduras y cultivos mixtos que pueden ser empleados como probióticos y promotores del crecimiento en la producción animal. Para evaluar el uso de microorganismos de montaña en ensilado de maíz como probióticos en la engorda de conejos durante 4 semanas, se emplearon 20 conejos híbridos. Los cuales se escogieron aleatoriamente en cada tratamiento. La preparación de los probióticos se realizó mediante una etapa de fermentación inicial anaerobia y una final aerobia. El tratamiento (T1) fue una dieta suplementada con la adición de microorganismos de montaña en ensilado de maíz (MME) en el agua de bebida y el tratamiento dos o convencional (T2) fungió como testigo sin aplicación de MME. Se calculó el consumo de alimento y el indicie de conversión alimenticia, expresados como la media ± la desviación estándar. Al realizar un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) se estableció que durante la semana 4 del tratamiento hubo diferencia significativa (P<0.05) en la ganancia de peso y conversión alimenticia entre los tratamientos, siendo favorable para T1 suplementados con MME.

BACKGROUND: Hand sepsis is a common cause of morbidity. The study was conducted in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, investigating the bacteriological profile and aetiology of hand sepsis, aiming at optimising empiric antibiotic therapyMETHODS: This is a descriptive study of 120 patients who presented to the plastic surgery department of Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital with hand sepsis, from January 2017 to April 2019, that required surgical drainage. Data recorded included: aetiology of sepsis, underlying comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and outcome. A pus swab was taken during surgical drainage for microscopy, culture and sensitivity (MCS) analysis. The relationship between clinical factors and microbiological findings was analysedRESULTS: The predominant bacterial strains cultured from infected patients, excluding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were Staphylococcus aureus (80.8%) and Streptococcus spp. (20.0%), mostly due to spontaneous onset infection (58.3%). Cultures of the more problematic Streptococcus spp. were more frequently associated in patients with diabetes mellitus (60.0%), penetrating trauma (41.9%), or blunt trauma (31.3%). The diabetes group in isolation had the longest median hospital stay of 8 (5-15) days, the most need for multiple procedures (60.0%), amputations (30.0%), and skin grafts (20.0%). The most effective antimicrobial drug particularly in mixed cultures was amoxicillin-clavulanic acidCONCLUSION: Staphylococcus aureus infection was the most common. Streptococcus spp. occurred more frequently in patients with traumatic injury and diabetes mellitus. The latter required further surgical procedures and an increased hospital stay. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is the preferred empiric antimicrobial agent