ABSTRACT Introduction: sexual satisfaction and safety are key elements for male well-being, integrating physical and emotional aspects of intimacy. These concepts encompass the full enjoyment of sexual relationships, along with comfort and confidence in the protective practices used. Objective: determine sexual happiness and satisfaction with sexual safety in men from Asunción and Central during 2023. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out in Asunción and Central during the months of September to November 2023. The study population consisted of eligible men who were over 18 years of age, who were assigned the sex male at birth, residents of the selected cities. The study variables were demographics, mental health (anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation). Results: the study included 143 participants. Of these, 55.24 % (79) were between 18 and 29 years old, 69.23 % (99) identified as gay, and 12.59 % (18) as bisexual. Men who have sex with men showed a higher probability of reporting satisfaction, with an age-adjusted odds ratio of 2.82 (95 % CI: 1.41-3.57, p=0.001) compared to heterosexuals. Having three or more stable partners and eleven or more non-stable partners was strongly associated with being MSM (p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: men who have sex with men reported higher levels of sexual satisfaction, suggesting a positive experience in their intimate relationships. However, this group also showed a tendency to have a higher number of sexual partners, both stable and non-stable. These differences in sexual behaviors may indicate distinct social norms or personal preferences among the studied groups.

RESUMEN Introducción: la satisfacción y seguridad sexual son elementos clave para el bienestar masculino, integrando aspectos físicos y emocionales de la intimidad; estos conceptos engloban el disfrute pleno de las relaciones sexuales, junto con la comodidad y confianza en las prácticas de protección utilizadas. Objetivo: determinar la felicidad sexual y satisfacción con la seguridad sexual en hombres de Asunción y Central durante el 2023. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en Asunción, y Central durante los meses de setiembre a noviembre del 2023. La población de estudio lo constituyeron los hombres elegibles que tenían mayor de 18 años, a quienes se les asignó el sexo masculino al nacer, residentes de las ciudades seleccionadas. Las variables del estudio fueron las demográficas, salud mental (ansiedad, depresión e ideación suicida). Resultados: el estudio incluyó 143 participantes. De estos, el 55,24 % (79) tenía entre 18 y 29 años, el 69,23 % (99) se identificó como gay, y el 12,59 % (18) como bisexual. Los Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres mostraron una mayor probabilidad de reportar satisfacción, con una odds ratio ajustada por edad de 2,82 (IC 95 %: 1,41-3,57, p=0,001) en comparación con los heterosexuales, tener tres o más parejas estables y once o más parejas no estables se asoció fuertemente con ser HSH (p=0,003 y p=0,001, respectivamente). Conclusión: los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres reportaron niveles más altos de satisfacción sexual, lo que sugiere una experiencia positiva en sus relaciones íntimas. Sin embargo, este grupo también mostró una tendencia a tener un mayor número de parejas sexuales, tanto estables como no estables. Estas diferencias en comportamientos sexuales pueden indicar distintas normas sociales o preferencias personales entre los grupos estudiados.

Resumen Introducción: Personas lesbianas, gay y bisexuales (LGB) pueden tener actitudes y creencias heteronormativas, que incluyen suposiciones sobre el esencialismo de género y comportamientos esperados de hombres y mujeres en una relación. En esta población, la adhesión a la heteronormatividad puede aumentar una sensación de discrepancia entre el yo “actual” y el yo que “debería ser”; esta discrepancia, a su vez, tiene un efecto negativo en la satisfacción con la vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las relaciones entre dos dimensiones de la heteronormatividad -esencialismo de género y comportamientos normativos- y la satisfacción con la vida, tanto de manera directa como mediada por dicha discrepancia-del-yo. Método: Una muestra de 232 estudiantes universitarios LBG en el sur de Chile respondieron un cuestionario online que incluyó la Escala de Actitudes y Creencias Heteronormativas, el Índice de Discrepancia-del-yo, y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Se aplicaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para probar estas relaciones. Resultados: El esencialismo de género y los comportamientos normativos se asociaron de manera negativa y positiva con la satisfacción con la vida, respectivamente. Asimismo, la discrepancia-del-yo se asoció negativamente con la satisfacción con la vida. No se encontró evidencia del rol mediador de la discrepancia-del-yo en este modelo. Conclusión: Estudiantes universitarios LGB pueden adherirse a diferentes dimensiones de la heteronormatividad, lo que a su vez puede relacionarse diferencialmente con la satisfacción con la vida.

Abstract Introduction: Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people can hold heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, which comprise assumptions regarding gender essentialism and men and women’s expected behaviours in relationships. In this population, adherence to heteronormativity may increase a sense of discrepancy between the “current” and the “ought” self. This self-discrepancy, in turn, has a negative impact on life satisfaction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between two dimensions of heteronormativity -gender essentialism and normative behaviours- and life satisfaction, both directly and mediated by self-discrepancy. Method: A sample of 232 LGB university students in Southern Chile answered an online questionnaire that included the Heteronormative Attitudes and Beliefs Scale, the Self-Discrepancy Index, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Structural equation models were performed to test these relationships. Results: Gender essentialism and normative behaviour were negatively and positively associated with life satisfaction, respectively. Likewise, self-discrepancy was negatively linked to life satisfaction. The analysis showed no evidence for the mediating role of self-discrepancy in this model. Conclusion: LGB university students can adhere to different dimensions of heteronormativity, which in turn may relate differentially to life satisfaction.

Abstract Background: Objectives: The COM-B model of capability, motivation, and opportunity was used to estimate the determinants of PrEP usage intention among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with MSM recruited through snowball sampling. The interviews lasted 30-60 minutes and were conducted via Zoom or telephone. The data were analyzed using Atlas Ti v.8 and mapped to capability, motivation, and opportunity domains. Results: Potential facilitators identified were the skills and interest in seeking information about PrEP (capability), social support and peer opinion (opportunity), and motivations to use PrEP as an additional tool in HIV prevention. The main barriers identified were stigma towards homosexuality and HIV (opportunity); healthcare system organization and financing (opportunity); perceived lack of ability to adhere to PrEP usage (capability); and monitoring of PrEP that could be attributed to personal and healthcare system factors (capability and opportunity). Conclusions: Four strategies are suggested to address these barriers: 1) adaptation of interventions that promote knowledge and skills for PrEP; 2) development of navigator interventions to engage organizations and leaders; 3) education and skills training for primary care physicians; and 4) improvement of sexual health care systems.

Resúmen Introducción: Estudios previos en relación con los determinantes del uso de la profilaxis preexposición al VIH en Colombia son escasos, en este estudio nos proponemos usar el modelo de capacidad, motivación y oportunidad COM-B para estimar los determinantes de la intención de uso de PrEP en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Metodología: se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas con HSH reclutados por muestreo de bola de nieve, con una duración entre de 30-60 minutos, por zoom o teléfono. Se realizo un análisis de contenido y luego se realizó el mapeo de los temas con los dominios de capacidad, motivación y oportunidad. Resultados: Se encontró como posibles facilitadores las habilidades e interés para buscar información sobre PrEP (Capacidad), el apoyo social y la opinión de pares (oportunidad), y las motivaciones para usar la PrEP como una herramienta adicional en la prevención del VIH. Como barrera se resalta principalmente el estigma hacia la homosexualidad y el VIH (oportunidad), la organización y financiación del sistema de salud, (oportunidad), la percepción de falta de habilidad para cumplir con el uso de PrEP (capacidad), y la monitoria de PrEP que se pudiera atribuir a factores personales y del sistema de salud (capacidad y oportunidad). Consideraciones finales: se sugieren 4 estrategias para abordar esas barreras 1) adaptación de intervenciones que promuevan el conocimiento y las habilidades para PrEP, 2) desarrollos de intervenciones de navegantes que promuevan la participación de organizaciones y lideres, 3) educación y habilidades para médicos de atención primaria, 4) mejoramiento del sistema de atención en salud sexual.

RESUMEN Introducción: El estigma relacionado con la identidad sexual, especialmente entre HSH, sigue siendo un desafío importante en muchas culturas, este estigma puede aparecer de varias maneras, desde una discriminación explícita hasta estereotipos más discretos, y puede afectar negativamente la salud mental y emocional de quienes lo sufren. Objetivo: Analizar el estigma de identidad sexual y apoyo social entre los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres en Central y Asunción, Paraguay durante el 2024. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Las categorías de análisis consideradas en este estudio fueron: a) Estigma y apoyo social en la comunidad en general, b) Divulgación de identidad sexual a la comunidad en general, c) Divulgación de identidad sexual a familiares y amigos y d) Estigma y apoyo social en la comunidad de LGBT. Resultados: Participaron del estudio, nueve HSH, donde los testimonios revelan el profundo anhelo de vivir con autenticidad y libertad. Los HSH en Paraguay desean poder ser ellos mismos sin temor a ser juzgados o rechazados, anhelan relaciones abiertas y honestas, y aspiran a una comunidad donde puedan compartir experiencias y apoyarse mutuamente Conclusión: Los HSH enfrentan obstáculos en su crecimiento y unión como comunidad. La ausencia de una comunidad fuerte y unida dificulta el apoyo mutuo y el desarrollo personal, además de la competencia y la falta de colaboración entre organizaciones e individuos crean un ambiente dividido, donde cada uno busca sus propios beneficios en lugar de trabajar juntos por el bien de todos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Stigma related to sexual identity, especially among MSM, remains a major challenge in many cultures, this stigma can appear in various ways, from explicit discrimination to more discreet stereotypes, and can negatively affect the mental and emotional health of those who suffer from it. Objective: Analyze the stigma of sexual identity and social support among men who have sex with other men in Central and Asunción, Paraguay during 2024. Methodology: Qualitative, Phenomenological Study of a descriptive and explanatory type. The analysis categories considered in this study were: a) Stigma and social support in the community in general, b) Disclosure of sexual identity to the community in general, c) Disclosure of sexual identity to family and friends and d) Stigma and social support in the LGBT community. Results: Nine MSM participated in the study, where the testimonies reveal the deep desire to live with authenticity and freedom. MSM in Paraguay want to be able to be themselves without fear of being judged or rejected, they long for open and honest relationships, and they aspire to a community where they can share experiences and support each other. Conclusion: MSM face obstacles in their growth and unity as a community. The absence of a strong and united community makes mutual support and personal development difficult, in addition to competition and lack of collaboration between organizations and individuals creating a divided environment, where everyone seeks their own benefits instead of working together for the good. of everyone.

Abstract The rise in the study of sexualised drug use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM), known as chemsex, has generated a multiplicity of data that contribute to its problematisation as a public health issue through the link with HIV and addictions. The study of these practices, from a biomedical paradigm, has focused on risk and has contributed to its reduction as a unique and quantifiable phenomenon. This study aims to explore the experience of risk in the course of the practices, to find out what management strategies they employ in the face of risk and how they are generated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five chemsex practitioners in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and, subsequently, a thematic analysis was applied. The findings show how these men detect, assume and confront the risks present in these practices, where the type of relationships that take place and the social circle available to them are relevant. This study also highlights the creation of strategies based on experience and how the transmission of this knowledge among participants facilitates decision-making and risk management. gay MSM, MSM , (MSM) addictions practices paradigm phenomenon Semistructured Semi structured subsequently applied detect relevant decisionmaking decision making (MSM

Resumen El auge en el estudio del uso sexualizado de drogas entre hombres gais, bisexuales u otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), conocido como chemsex, ha generado una multiplicidad de datos que contribuyen a su problematización en tanto cuestión de salud pública a través del vínculo con el VIH y las adicciones. El estudio de estas prácticas, desde un paradigma biomédico, se ha centrado en el riesgo y ha contribuido a su reducción como fenómeno único y cuantificable. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la vivencia del riesgo en el transcurso de las prácticas, para conocer qué estrategias de manejo emplean frente a éste y de qué manera son generadas. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco practicantes de chemsex en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona y, posteriormente se aplicó un análisis temático. Los hallazgos muestran cómo estos hombres detectan, asumen y enfrentan los riesgos presentes en estas prácticas, donde toman relevancia el tipo de relaciones que allí se dan y el círculo social del que disponen. Este estudio destaca también la creación de estrategias basadas en la experiencia y cómo la transmisión de estos saberes entre participantes facilita la toma de decisiones y el manejo del riesgo. gais HSH, HSH , (HSH) adicciones prácticas biomédico cuantificable generadas temático detectan disponen (HSH

Abstract The rise in the study of sexualised drug use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM), known as chemsex, has generated a multiplicity of data that contribute to its problematisation as a public health issue through the link with HIV and addictions. The study of these practices, from a biomedical paradigm, has focused on risk and has contributed to its reduction as a unique and quantifiable phenomenon. This study aims to explore the experience of risk in the course of the practices, to find out what management strategies they employ in the face of risk and how they are generated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five chemsex practitioners in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and, subsequently, a thematic analysis was applied. The findings show how these men detect, assume and confront the risks present in these practices, where the type of relationships that take place and the social circle available to them are relevant. This study also highlights the creation of strategies based on experience and how the transmission of this knowledge among participants facilitates decision-making and risk management.

Resumen El auge en el estudio del uso sexualizado de drogas entre hombres gais, bisexuales u otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), conocido como chemsex, ha generado una multiplicidad de datos que contribuyen a su problematización en tanto cuestión de salud pública a través del vínculo con el VIH y las adicciones. El estudio de estas prácticas, desde un paradigma biomédico, se ha centrado en el riesgo y ha contribuido a su reducción como fenómeno único y cuantificable. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la vivencia del riesgo en el transcurso de las prácticas, para conocer qué estrategias de manejo emplean frente a éste y de qué manera son generadas. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco practicantes de chemsex en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona y, posteriormente se aplicó un análisis temático. Los hallazgos muestran cómo estos hombres detectan, asumen y enfrentan los riesgos presentes en estas prácticas, donde toman relevancia el tipo de relaciones que allí se dan y el círculo social del que disponen. Este estudio destaca también la creación de estrategias basadas en la experiencia y cómo la transmisión de estos saberes entre participantes facilita la toma de decisiones y el manejo del riesgo.

Resumen Introducción: la profilaxis preexposición al VIH (PrEP) ha demostrado disminuir la incidencia del VIH, pero su adopción en Colombia es aún incipiente. Para avanzar en la implementación de la PrEP como intervención de salud pública es necesario conocer el interés de las poblaciones en riesgo de VIH y los factores que facilitarían su uso. Objetivo: identificar los factores relacionados con el interés e intención de tomar PrEP en hombres gay/bisexuales. Metodología: estudio transversal analítico en una muestra no probabilística en ciudades principales de Colombia. Se exploraron las características sociodemográficas, conocimiento, motivaciones, habilidades conductuales y factores psicosociales, se utilizaron modelos logísticos para estimar la relación de estos factores con el interés y la intención de usar la PrEP. Resultados y conclusiones: participaron 552 hombres gay/bisexuales, 301 (54 %) reclutados en línea y 251 en persona. Solo el 40 % de la muestra sabía de la existencia de PrEP. 57.4 % (IC95%:54.9%-62.4%) reportaron interés e 52.9 % (IC95%: 48.5%-57.3%) intención de usar PrEP. El interés y la intención de usar la PrEP se relacionaron con actitudes y normas positivas hacia PrEP, así como con mayores habilidades relacionadas con servicios de PrEP. El estigma hacia la PrEP y los síntomas depresivos se relacionaron con menor interés e intención. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de fomentar la información sobre PrEP, especialmente en poblaciones con más desventajas sociales y que experimentan más estigma, al igual que desarrollar intervenciones comunitarias que apoyen las motivaciones y las habilidades para usar la PrEP.

Abstract Introduction: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to reduce the incidence of HIV, but its adoption in Colombia is still beginning. To advance the implementation of PrEP as a public health intervention, it is necessary to know the interest of populations at risk of HIV and the factors that would facilitate its use. Objective: Identify factors related to interest and intention to take PrEP in gay/bisexual men. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study in a non-probabilistic sample in main cities of Colombia. Sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, motivations, behavioral skills, and psychosocial factors were explored; logistic models were used to estimate the relationship of these factors with interest and intention to use PrEP. Results and conclusions: 552 gay/bisexual men participated, 301 (54%) recruited online and 251 in person. Only 40% of the sample knew of the existence of PrEP. 57.4% (95% CI: 54.9%-62.4%) reported interest and 52.9% (95% CI: 48.5%-57.3%) intention to use PrEP. Interest and intention to use PrEP were related to positive attitudes and norms toward PrEP, as well as greater skills related to PrEP services. Stigma toward PrEP and depressive symptoms were related to lower interest and intention. Our results suggest the need to promote information about PrEP, especially in populations with more social disadvantages and who experience more stigma, as well as to develop community interventions that support motivations and skills to use PrEP.

Resumo Introdução: Foi demonstrado que a profilaxia pré-exposição ao VIH (PrEP) reduz a incidência do VIH, mas a sua adopção na Colômbia está apenas a começar. Para avançar na implementação da PrEP como intervenção de saúde pública, é necessário conhecer o interesse das populações em risco de VIH e os fatores que facilitariam a sua utilização. Objetivo: Identificar fatores relacionados ao interesse e intenção de tomar PrEP em homens gays/bissexuais. Metodologia: Estudo analítico transversal em amostra não probabilística nas principais cidades da Colômbia. Foram exploradas características sociodemográficas, conhecimentos, motivações, habilidades comportamentais e fatores psicossociais; modelos logísticos foram utilizados para estimar a relação desses fatores com o interesse e intenção de uso da PrEP. Resultados e conclusões: Participaram 552 homens gays/bissexuais, 301 (54%) recrutados online e 251 pessoalmente. Apenas 40% da amostra sabia da existência da PrEP. 57,4% (IC 95%: 54,9%-62,4%) relataram interesse e 52,9% (IC 95%: 48,5%-57,3%) intenção de usar a PrEP. O interesse e a intenção de usar a PrEP estavam relacionados com atitudes e normas positivas em relação à PrEP, bem como com maiores competências relacionadas com os serviços de PrEP. O estigma em relação à PrEP e os sintomas depressivos foram relacionados com menor interesse e intenção. Os nossos resultados sugerem a necessidade de promover informação sobre a PrEP, especialmente em populações com mais desvantagens sociais e que sofrem mais estigma, bem como desenvolver intervenções comunitárias que apoiem motivações e competências para usar a PrEP.

Abstract The way in which certain groups are represented in the audiovisual media is important. Video games, as an immersive multimedia resource, are not exempt from gender stereotypes. The purpose of this article is to describe the methodology to create characters for the Costa Rican video game SOOT. To do this, a methodological process of compilation and theory on the subject in the narrative area was followed. Then, using examples from the video game, the design methodology is described, a mixture derived from Ellis and Bratman’s models. In addition, the archetypes of the female characters, the game, and the hero’s journey among the main characters are explored from a narrative perspective. It is important to explore more this topic with other case studies to improve the representation not only of women but also of other minorities in video games.

Resumen La forma en la que ciertos grupos son representados en medios audiovisuales es importante. Los videojuegos, como recurso multimedia inmersivo, no escapan a estereotipos de género. Este artículo tiene por objetivo describir la metodología para la construcción de personajes del videojuego costarricense SOOT. Para realizar esto, se siguió un proceso metodológico de recopilación y teoría en el tema en el área narrativa. Posteriormente, a través de ejemplos tomados del videojuego, se describe la metodología de diseño, una mezcla propia derivada de los modelos de Ellis y Bratman. Además, desde la perspectiva narrativa se trabajan los arquetipos de los personajes femeninos, del juego y el viaje del héroe en los personajes principales. Es importante explorar más el tema con otros casos de estudio para mejorar las representaciones no solo de mujeres sino de otras minorías en videojuegos.

Abstract On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the Covid-19 pandemic, making the media a primary resource for public health agents. The mediatic agenda, however, was not limited to the pandemic. Migrations were also present and, in a context of health crisis, they are an important object of study to analyze. Being a virus whose spread began in China, it undoubtedly returned to the public debate the binomial ‘Us’ and ‘Them’, characteristic of discourses about migrants (Boréus, 2020; Cohen, 2011; Cottle, 2006). Therefore, we intend to evaluate how immigrants and ethnic minorities were represented during the first year of the pandemic, in the Portuguese weekly press, and what influence the pandemic had on coverage of the topic. We carried out a quantitative content analysis on the corpus collected in the newspaper Expresso and the newsmagazine Sábado, consisting of 296 pieces. We conclude that the topic remains present on the news agenda, even with the prevalence of the pandemic.

Resumo A 11 de março de 2020, a OMS declarou a pandemia de Covid-19, tornando-se os media um recurso de primeira necessidade para agentes de saúde pública. O universo mediático não se reduziu, no entanto, à pandemia. As migrações também estiveram presentes e, num contexto de crise sanitária, são um objeto de estudo importante de analisar. Sendo um vírus cuja propagação se iniciou na China fez regressar indubitavelmente ao debate público o binómio ‘Nós’ e ‘Eles’, característico dos discursos sobre migrantes (Boréus, 2020; Cohen, 2011; Cottle, 2006). Assim, pretendemos avaliar como foram representados os imigrantes e minorias étnicas durante o primeiro ano de pandemia, na imprensa semanal portuguesa, e qual a influência da pandemia na cobertura da temática. Realizamos uma análise de conteúdo quantitativa ao corpus recolhido no jornal Expresso e na revista Sábado composto por 296 peças. Concluímos que a temática se mantém presente na agenda noticiosa, mesmo com a prevalência da pandemia.

RESUMO O artigo se dedica a examinar a articulação entre dois movimentos de contestação da representação, identificados nos domínios da política e da literatura. Refiro-me aqui aos questionamentos da democracia representativa que acompanhamos na série de protestos entre 2010-2013 e à discussão sobre a legitimidade das produções artísticas para representar integrantes de minorias diversas. Esses abalos da representação serão analisados, sobretudo, como pressões por alterações na chamada partilha do sensível (Rancière). Ao buscar traçar correspondências entre esses dois movimentos de contestação, destacarei suas ligações com modificações tecnológicas e discursivas de impacto, tais como o desenvolvimento da comunicação em rede, a expansão do discurso do testemunho e de suas formas próprias de subjetivação. Por fim, discutirei o risco dessa demanda por mudança na partilha do sensível resultar não na ampliação concreta da democracia nos domínios da política e da literatura, mas na criação de bolhas digitais e culturais caracterizadas pela homogeneidade e pela intransigência. literatura Refirome Refiro me 20102013 2010 2013 2010-201 diversas analisados sobretudo Rancière. Rancière . (Rancière) impacto rede subjetivação fim intransigência 2010201 201 2010-20 (Rancière 201020 20 2010-2 20102 2 2010-

ABSTRACT The article is dedicated to examining the link between two movements challenging representation, identified in the fields of politics and literature. I am referring here to the questioning of representative democracy that was part of the series of protests between 2010-2013 and the discussion about the legitimacy of artistic productions to represent members of diverse minorities. These upheavals in representation will be analyzed above all as pressures for changes in the so-called distribution of the sensible (Rancière). In seeking to trace correspondences between these two movements of contestation, I will highlight their links with impactful technological and discursive changes, such as the development of network communication, the expansion of the discourse of testimony, and its forms of subjectivation. Finally, I will discuss the risk of this demand for change in the distribution of the sensible resulting not in the concrete expansion of democracy in the realms of politics and literature, but in the creation of digital and cultural bubbles characterized by homogeneity and intransigence. literature 20102013 2010 2013 2010-201 minorities socalled so called Rancière. Rancière . (Rancière) contestation communication testimony subjectivation Finally intransigence 2010201 201 2010-20 (Rancière 201020 20 2010-2 20102 2 2010-

Abstract This article discusses the progress, in normative and democratization terms, of the mechanisms and dynamics of the political participation system of the Indigenous peasant peoples of Bolivia. The objective of such discussion is to represent the functioning of the institutional assemblage of the Departmental Legislative Assembly of La Paz and the uses and customs of the Indigenous Mosetén people. For this analysis, it is understood that the Plurinational State has been the result of a process of state construction in which the Indigenous peasant peoples have struggled for representation and recognition. In this article, a systematic analysis is carried out of the institutional innovations introduced through the Plurinational State, which have entailed electoral reform. The paradigm of intercultural democracy is discussed and operationalized through the notion of assemblage, as this case is approached through its characterization and through interviews of key actors. It is concluded that the mechanisms introduced in Bolivia open paths to recognize other, non-liberal democracies and that the inclusion of historically excluded ethnic minorities is possible. However, the obstacles and challenges faced by Indigenous populations to consolidate what is described in the law are also illustrated.

Resumen En el presente artículo se discute acerca de los avances, en términos normativos y de democratización, de los mecanismos y las dinámicas del sistema de participación política de los pueblos indígenas originarios campesinos de Bolivia. El objetivo de tal discusión es representar el funcionamiento del ensamblaje institucional entre la Asamblea Legislativa Departamental de La Paz y los usos y costumbres del pueblo indígena mosetén. Para ello, se parte de una visión que considera al Estado Plurinacional resultante de un proceso de construcción estatal en el que los pueblos indígenas originarios campesinos han luchado por la representación y el reconocimiento. Se realiza un análisis sistemático de las innovaciones institucionales introducidas a partir del Estado Plurinacional, las cuales implican una reforma electoral. Se discute el paradigma de la democracia intercultural y se lo operativiza mediante la noción de ensamblaje para realizar una aproximación al caso de interés a través de una caracterización y de entrevistas a actores clave. Se concluye que los mecanismos introducidos en Bolivia abren paso al reconocimiento de otras democracias no liberales, además, que es posible la inclusión de minorías étnicas históricamente excluidas. Sin embargo, también se ilustran los obstáculos y los desafíos que afrontan las poblaciones indígenas para consolidar lo descrito en la ley.

Abstract: The article provides a critical account of Will Kymlicka’s theory of multiculturalism and its practical consequences. By questioning its intellectual coherence, the essay calls into question the genealogy of multiculturalism offered by Kymlicka. That account of origins evidences the philosopher’s ambivalence towards universalism. Kymlicka’s multiculturalism is also inconsistent regarding the protection of individual rights from cultural minorities. The article cast doubts on the liberal character of Kymlicka’s theory because he relies on nationalism to devise normative justifications against external enforcement of individual rights. The article assesses the role of multiculturalism in the world and its role in the abandonment of some unfulfilled goals of liberal constitutionalism by providing some evidence from 21st century Colombia.

Résumé: L’article fournit un compte rendu critique de la théorie du multiculturalisme de Will Kymlicka et de ses conséquences pratiques. En questionnant sa cohérence intellectuelle, l’essai remet en question la généalogie du multiculturalisme proposée par Kymlicka. Ce récit des origines témoigne de l’ambivalence du philosophe envers l’universalisme. Le multiculturalisme de Kymlicka est également inconsistant en ce qui concerne la protection des droits individuels contre les minorités culturelles. L’article jette des doutes sur le caractère libéral de la théorie de Kymlicka parce qu’il s’appuie sur le nationalisme pour concevoir des justifications normatives contre l’application externe des droits individuels. L’article évalue le rôle du multiculturalisme dans le monde et son rôle dans l’abandon de certains objectifs non atteints du constitutionnalisme libéral en fournissant des documents à l’appui venant de la Colombie du XXe siècle.

Resumen: El artículo formula una explicación crítica de la teoría del multiculturalismo de Will Kymlicka y de sus consecuencias prácticas. Al cuestionar su coherencia intelectual, el trabajo pone en entredicho la genealogía del multiculturalismo que ofreció Kymlicka. Esa explicación de los orígenes evidencia la ambivalencia del filósofo a propósito del universalismo. El multiculturalismo de Kymlicka también es inconsistente en cuanto a la protección de los derechos individuales de las minorías culturales. El artículo plantea dudas sobre el carácter liberal de su teoría porque se basa en el nacionalismo para concebir justificaciones normativas en contra de hacer cumplir los derechos individuales de manera exógena. Además, el trabajo evalúa el papel del multiculturalismo en el mundo y en el abandono de algunos propósitos incumplidos del constitucionalismo liberal aportando algunas evidencias de la Colombia del siglo XX.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: In addition to reproductive purposes, human sexuality and sexual health are matters of great importance in the medical office. Despite this, there is still a deficiency in the training of Brazilian medical students regarding sexual medicine and gender issues. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of fifth- and sixth-year students in relation to the teaching of sexual medicine and gender issues in medical courses. METHODS: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with students from the last 2 years of medical schools in the State of Santa Catarina (internship classes), through the application of a self-administered, semi-structured online questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 164 students answered the questionnaire, with 83.5% (137/164) saying they had taken classes on sexual medicine and 47% (77/164) saying they had taken classes on gender issues. The participants judged the teaching inadequate in most of the topics addressed, and there was no significant difference between students from public and private schools. Notably, 79.9% (131/164) of the students considered the teaching of sexual medicine insufficient or inadequate, while 87.8% (144/164) considered the teaching of gender issues insufficient or inadequate. CONCLUSION: The vast majority of students consider the teaching of sexual medicine and gender issues insufficient and inadequate.

Resumo Objetivou-se refletir sobre o impacto do racismo estrutural na saúde dos adolescentes afrodescendentes brasileiros, considerando o contexto político e social do período pós-abolição, quando foi iniciada uma nova configuração de exploração e manutenção das desigualdades sociais relacionadas aos escravizados libertos e seus descendentes. É na adolescência, fase da vida ligada ao contexto social e cultural, e não apenas determinada pelo período cronológico da vida, quando geralmente o indivíduo negro começa a vivenciar de modo mais consciente o estigma da raça. Este ensaio, inicialmente, apresenta o percurso histórico da construção social da raça nos padrões de dominação e o racismo. Em seguida, reflete, balizado no racismo estrutural, sobre o papel do capitalismo monopolista no desenvolvimento e crescimento econômico do Brasil pós-abolicionista, como um dos principais mecanismos de recrutamento e manutenção da população negra nas classes sociais inferiores e marginalizadas. Por fim, discute como o racismo impacta a saúde dos adolescentes afrodescendentes brasileiros a partir da teoria ecossocial, proposta por Nancy Krieger, e de bibliografia representativa. O racismo estrutural em nossa sociedade impacta na saúde dos adolescentes negros, com forte determinação no processo de saúde-doença. Por isso, é preciso combater as disparidades históricas, no sentido de se construir uma sociedade mais democrática e igualitária. Objetivouse Objetivou pósabolição, pósabolição pós abolição, abolição pós-abolição descendentes adolescência cultural ensaio inicialmente seguida reflete pósabolicionista, pósabolicionista abolicionista, abolicionista pós-abolicionista marginalizadas fim ecossocial Krieger representativa negros saúdedoença. saúdedoença doença. doença saúde-doença isso históricas igualitária

Abstract The objective was to reflect on the impact of structural racism on the health of Brazilian Afro-descendant adolescents, considering the political and social context of the post-abolition period, when a new configuration of exploitation and maintenance of social inequalities related to freed slaves and their descendants began. It is during adolescence, a phase of life linked to the social and cultural context, and not just determined by the chronological period of life, when black individuals generally begin to experience the stigma of race more consciously. This essay initially presents the historical path of the social construction of race in patterns of domination and racism. It then reflects, based on structural racism, on the role of monopoly capitalism in the development and economic growth of post-abolitionist Brazil, as one of the main mechanisms for recruiting and maintaining the black population in lower and marginalized social classes. Finally, it discusses how racism impacts the health of Brazilian Afro-descendant adolescents based on the ecosocial theory, proposed by Nancy Krieger, and representative bibliography. Structural racism in our society impacts the health of black adolescents, with a strong determination in the health-disease process; Therefore, it is necessary to combat historical disparities, to build a more democratic and egalitarian society. Afrodescendant Afro descendant postabolition post abolition began adolescence consciously reflects postabolitionist abolitionist Brazil classes Finally theory Krieger bibliography healthdisease disease process Therefore disparities