Abstract Introduction: Aquatic birds (AB) are usually associated with wetlands, which provide refuge, food, and/or nesting sites for resident and migratory species. Despite their ecological importance, there is little knowledge on AB in some tropical environments, such as those found on the Colima coast. Objective: To investigate the spatial and temporal composition of the AB community in Juluapan Lagoon, Colima, Central Mexican Pacific. Methods: Monthly counts were conducted between June 2017 and May 2018 during low-tide conditions to record habitat use by AB. Species richness and bird counts were obtained to compare sampling areas; mean richness and number of individuals were compared between seasons. Results: We detected 53 species and 5 750 individuals. The highest species richness and relative abundance values were obtained in winter at the lagoon area farthest from the connection with the marine system, where anthropogenic activity is lower. Diversity was greater in zones 2 and 3 in spring, summer, and fall. Muddy flats were the most used environment, and the most frequent activity was resting. Nesting activity was only recorded in the middle of the lagoon at the mangrove during spring. “Shorebirds” and “waders” were the most dominant groups in the bird community of the Juluapan lagoon. Conclusions: This coastal wetland is a site of great biological importance for aquatic birds; thus, conservation measures should be implemented, and there should be a continuous study of the effects of anthropogenic pressure.

Resumen Introducción: Las aves acuáticas (AA) son usualmente relacionadas a los humedales debido a que éstos funcionan como sitios de refugio, alimentación y anidación de diferentes especies residentes y migratorias. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre las aves acuáticas en algunos humedales es nulo. Objetivo: Investigar la composición espacio-temporal de la comunidad de AA en la laguna Juluapan, Colima, en el Pacífico Central Mexicano. Métodos: Entre junio de 2017 y mayo de 2018 se llevaron a cabo conteos mensuales en condiciones de marea baja para registrar el uso de hábitat de las AA. Se obtuvieron valores de riqueza de especies y número de individuos para realizar comparaciones entre zonas de muestreo, así como el promedio del número de especies y número de individuos para comparaciones entre temporadas. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 53 especies y 5 750 individuos. Los valores de riqueza de especies y densidad de individuos fueron más altos durante invierno, en la zona más alejada al ambiente marino, donde la actividad antropogénica es menor. La diversidad tuvo valores más altos en la zona 2 y 3, durante primavera, verano y otoño. El ambiente más explotado por las aves fueron las planicies lodosas; y el descanso fue la actividad más frecuente. Asimismo, la actividad de anidación sólo se registró en el manglar de la zona media durante primavera. Las “aves playeras” y “aves zancudas” fueron los grupos más predominantes en la comunidad de aves de la laguna Juluapan. Conclusiones: Este humedal costero es un sitio de gran importancia biológica para aves acuáticas, por lo que resulta necesario la implementación de medidas de conservación, así como el estudio de los efectos por la presión antropogénica.

Abstract Introduction: The Wood Thrush is a migratory bird that has experienced dramatic declines in its populations in recent decades. This species overwinters in forest fragments with intermediate levels of habitat modification in Central America. However, more studies detailing the use of remnant forests through time are needed to elucidate the threats this species faces in the wintering grounds. Objective: To understand the effects of environmental and forest structure variables on the occupancy of Wood Thrush in Northern Costa Rica. Methods: The study area was the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), located in Northern Costa Rica, in December 2016, and during the 2018-2019 migration season. We estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and detection probability in four locations of ACG (dry forest, cloud forest, and two locations in the wet forest) using single-season occupancy models. We also estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and probability of persistence in different months in three vegetation types (open area, secondary forest, and old-growth forest) in the wet forest of ACG using a multi-season occupancy model approach. Results: Wood Thrush occupancy was best described by precipitation in the four locations of the ACG; the probability of occupancy increased with precipitation. The average occupancy of Wood Thrushes varied with vegetation type: open area with shrubs and forest edge (0.69 ± 0.09), secondary forest (0.46 ± 0.1), and old-growth forest (0.61 ± 0.1). Wood Thrush probability of persistence responded partially to changes in precipitation, with an unexpected increase in persistence when the rainfall continued decreasing in the season. Conclusion: Wood Thrush occupancy was best predicted by changes in precipitation considering a larger spatial scale. Its probability of persistence partially varied with precipitation. An increase in persistence closer to Spring migration might be explained by the start of the breeding season of resident birds, potentially reducing territorial conflicts and conserving energy before migration. The long-term protection of wet forests in Northern Costa Rica is of paramount importance for the conservation of Wood Thrushes in their wintering grounds.

Resumen Introducción: El Zorzal del Bosque es un ave migratoria que ha experimentado caídas dramáticas en sus poblaciones en las últimas décadas. Esta especie pasa el invierno en fragmentos de bosque con niveles intermedios de modificación de hábitat en Centroamérica. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que detallen el uso de los bosques remanentes a lo largo del tiempo para dilucidar las amenazas que enfrenta esta especie en las zonas de invernada. Objetivo: Comprender los efectos de variables ambientales y de estructura del bosque en la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque en el Norte de Costa Rica. Métodos: El área de estudio fue el Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), ubicada en el Norte de Costa Rica, en diciembre de 2016, y en la temporada migratoria 2018-2019. Estimamos la ocurrencia y la probabilidad de detección del Zorzal del Bosque en cuatro ubicaciones de ACG (bosque seco, bosque nuboso y dos ubicaciones en el bosque húmedo) utilizando modelos de ocurrencia de una sola temporada. También estimamos la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque y la probabilidad de persistencia en diferentes meses en tres tipos de vegetación (área abierta, bosque secundario y bosque primario) en el bosque húmedo de ACG utilizando un enfoque de modelo de ocurrencia multi-estacional. Resultados: La ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque estuvo mejor descrita por la precipitación en las cuatro localidades del ACG; la probabilidad de ocurrencia aumentó con las precipitaciones. La ocurrencia media de zorzales varió con el tipo de vegetación: área abierta con arbustos y borde de bosque (0.69 ± 0.09), bosque secundario (0.46 ± 0.1) y bosque primario (0.61 ± 0.1). La probabilidad de persistencia del zorzal respondió parcialmente a cambios en la precipitación, con un aumento inesperado en la persistencia cuando las precipitaciones continuaron disminuyendo en la temporada. Conclusión: La ocurrecia del Zorzal del Bosque varió con la precipitación considerando una escala espacial mayor. Su probabilidad de persistencia varió parcialmente con la precipitación. Un aumento en la persistencia más cerca de la migración de primavera podría explicarse por el inicio de la temporada de reproducción de las aves residentes, lo que podría reducir los conflictos territoriales y conservar energía antes de la migración. La protección a largo plazo de los bosques húmedos en el norte de Costa Rica es de suma importancia para la conservación de los Zorzales del Bosque en sus zonas de invernada.

RESUMEN En los estudios de especímenes de herbarios y material vivo se observó que varias especies del género Azolla Lam. están presentes en diferentes humedales de Costa Rica, lo que implicó la búsqueda de los nombres aplicables a cada taxón. De acuerdo con la revisión morfológica y reproductiva, además de las especies descritas y validadas, se reconocieron tres especies: Azolla filiculoides Lam., A. imbricata (Roxb. ex Griff.) Nakai y A. pinnata R. Br. La primera especie es la única especie nativa de América, la segunda se conoce de Asia y la tercera se conoce de África y Australia. El uso de Azolla para la fertilización de arrozales y la alimentación animal ha hecho que especies como A. imbricata y A. pinnata se hayan introducido en países como Estados Unidos, Colombia y Ecuador; después de esto, probablemente las aves acuáticas y migratorias hayan sido las responsables de la propagación a otros países como Costa Rica.

Abstract In studies of herbarium specimens and living material, we observed that several species in the genus Azolla Lam. are present in different wetlands of Costa Rica, which instigated the search for applicable names of each taxon. According to a morphological and reproductive review, in addition to the species registered and validated, three species were recognized: Azolla filiculoides Lam., A. imbricata (Roxb. ex Griff.) Nakai and A. pinnata R. Br. The first species is the only native species from America, the second is from Asia, and the third is from Africa and Australia. The use of Azolla for fertilizing rice fields and animal feed has led to the introduction of species such as A. imbricata and A. pinnata to countries such as the United States, Colombia, and Ecuador. After their introduction, it is likely that aquatic and migratory birds were responsible for the spread of these species to other countries such as Costa Rica.

Abstract: Aim Monitoring altered environments is crucial to understand the impacts and the possible changes in the local fish fauna. Therefore, we aimed to compare the ichthyofauna within a 67-year-old small run-of-the-river reservoir with surveys carried out in 1986 and 2019-2021 and update the checklist of this reservoir. Methods We used the data provided by Alves et al. (1998) and sampled fish in two sites inside Itutinga reservoir using gill nets, seine nets and hand nets and at the one tributary of the area using only hand nets. Results We collected a total of 12,978 individuals belonging to 37 fish species, and the species accumulation curve showed a tendency to the asymptote. Five of the sampled species are non-native and five are migratory. Alves et al. (1998) sampled a total of 25 fish species, 17 genera, 9 families and 3 orders. We added 12 fish species to the checklist that were not recorded by Alves et al. (1998), including four non-native and two migratory. On the other hand, two migratory species and one rheophilic were registered only in the preview study. In addition, we observed important changes in the species abundance rank. Conclusions The differences in the fish assemblage structure comparing both studies indicate important changes in fish assemblages over more than 33 years. Our results highlighted the importance of long-term fish monitoring in altered environments to assess temporal variation in fish assemblages and their responses to the multiple possibilities of external stressors, such as the shift in abundance of non-native species in these environments. Abstract fauna Therefore 67yearold yearold 67 year old runoftheriver run river 198 20192021 2019 2021 2019-202 al 1998 (1998 12978 978 12,97 asymptote nonnative non native 2 1 genera orders 1998, , study addition rank years longterm long term stressors 6 19 2019202 201 202 2019-20 199 (199 1297 97 12,9 201920 20 2019-2 (19 129 12, 20192 2019- (1 (

Resumo: Objetivo O monitoramento de ambientes alterados é crucial para o entendimento dos impactos e avaliação de mudança na ictiofauna local. Dessa forma, o objetivo do nosso trabalho foi comparar a fauna de peixes de um pequeno reservatório do tipo fio d'água de 67 anos de idade com amostragens realizadas em 1986 e entre 2019 e 2021, além de atualizar a lista de espécies de peixes deste reservatório. Métodos Nós utilizamos dados provenientes do estudo de Alves et al. (1998) e de peixes amostrados em dois pontos no interior do reservatório de Itutinga utilizando redes de emalhar, arrasto e peneira e em um ponto no único tributário da região utilizando peneira. Resultados Coletamos um total de 12.978 indivíduos pertencentes a 37 espécies de peixes, sendo que a curva de acumulação de espécies mostrou tendência à assíntota. Destas, cinco espécies eram não nativas e cinco eram migradoras. O estudo de Alves et al. (1998) coletou um total de 25 espécies, 17 gêneros, 9 famílias e 3 ordens. Adicionamos 12 espécies à lista que não haviam sido registradas por Alves et al. (1998), incluindo quatro não nativas e duas migradoras. Por outro lado, duas espécies migradoras e uma reofílica foram registradas apenas no estudo anterior. Ademais, observamos alterações importantes no ranking de abundância de espécies entre os dois estudos. Conclusões As diferenças na estrutura das assembleias de peixes comparando os dois estudos indicam importantes mudanças na comunidade 33 anos após o primeiro estudo. Nossos resultados destacam a importância da realização de monitoramentos de longa duração em ambientes alterados para avaliar temporalmente as variações na assembleia de peixes e as suas respostas às múltiplas possibilidades de estressores externos como o aumento da abundância de espécies não nativas nestes ambientes. Resumo local forma dágua d água 6 198 201 2021 al 1998 (1998 emalhar 12978 978 12.97 assíntota Destas 2 1 gêneros ordens 1998, , lado anterior Ademais 19 20 202 199 (199 1297 97 12.9 (19 129 12. (1 (

Abstract Population growth combined with the need for electrical energy resulted in the construction of hundreds of hydroelectric plants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The consequence of these interventions was the fragmentation of rivers, forming barriers, that hinder the mobility of migratory fish species, generating an impact on the life cycle of these species, especially about movement between breeding and feeding areas. For this reason, this article aimed to evaluate the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding dams, free stretches, and migratory species in the three main river basins of the state of São Paulo and its tributaries. Through a systematic review from 2003 to 2023, 89 articles were obtained, 48 of which were about dams, 5 which addressed fish transposition systems, and 36 portraying migratory species. In the first half, research focused more on the impacts of dams on fish fauna, while in the second half of the period studied, studies of migratory fish were dominant. Most research was conducted in the main rivers, with few in the tributaries. Finally, 16 migratory species, considered long-distance, were studied, the most studied being P. lineatus, P. maculatus, L. friderici, M. obtusidens and S. hilarri and the ones that occurred most frequently in rivers are Prochilodus lineatus, Pimelodus maculatus, Megaleporinus obtusidens and Salminus hilarii. Therefore, we recommend maintaining the natural flow regime that still exists in the main rivers and tributaries of the state of São Paulo, to maintain healthy populations of the inventoried species. Brazil barriers areas reason stateoftheart art stretches 200 2023 8 obtained 4 systems 3 fauna dominant Finally 1 longdistance, longdistance long distance, distance long-distance P lineatus maculatus L friderici M S hilarii Therefore 20 202 2

Resumo O crescimento populacional aliado à necessidade de energia elétrica resultou na construção de centenas de usinas hidrelétricas no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A consequência dessas intervenções foi a fragmentação dos rios, formando barreiras, que dificultam a mobilidade das espécies de peixes migradores, gerando impacto no ciclo de vida dessas espécies, principalmente no que diz respeito à movimentação entre áreas de reprodução e alimentação. Por esse motivo, objetivou-se atraves desse artigo avaliar o estado da arte do conhecimento a cerca dos barramentos, trechos livres e espécies migradoras nas três principais bacias hidrográficas do estado de São Paulo e seus tributários. Através de uma revisão sistemática do periodo de 2003 a 2023 foram obtidos 89 artigos, sendo 48 sobre barramentos, 5 que abordavam sistemas de transposição de peixes e 36 retratando as espécies migradoras. Na primeira metade as pesquisas focaram mais os impactos dos barramentos na ictiofauna, enquanto que na segunda metade do período estudado, estudos dos peixes migradores foram dominantes. A maioria das pesquisas foram conduzidas nos rios principais, sendo poucas nos trinutários. E por fim 16 espécies migradoras, consideradas de longa distância foram estudadas, sendo que as mais estudadas foram P. lineatus, P. maculatus, L. friderici, M. obtusidens and S. hilarri e as que ocorreram com maior frequência nos rios são Prochilodus lineatus, Pimelodus maculatus, Megaleporinus obtusidens and Salminus hilarii. Assim, recomendamos a manutenção do regime de fluxo natural ainda existente nos principais rios e tributários do estado de São Paulo, para manter populações saudáveis of migratory species inventoried. Brasil barreiras alimentação motivo objetivouse objetivou se 200 202 8 artigos 4 3 ictiofauna estudado dominantes trinutários 1 P lineatus maculatus L friderici M S hilarii Assim inventoried 20 2

ABSTRACT The Amazon Basin harbors one of the most diverse avifaunas in the world, especially in the interfluvial region between the Madeira and Tapajós rivers, with many endemic and recently described species. Even though ornithologists have visited the region since the 19th century, there is little basic information about the local birds. Herein, the ornithological results of a scientific expedition carried out in the central and upper regions of the Abacaxis River are reported. A total of 356 bird species were recorded, including two that are threatened and five that are endemic to the region. The avian community of this species-rich region is very similar to more eastern communities, but the Abacaxis River does not form a geographic barrier for birds. The rapid loss of forest in the Amazon Basin makes it necessary to generate the type of of information provided in this study, to aid in conservation efforts. world rivers th century birds Herein reported 35 recorded speciesrich rich communities study efforts 3

Abstract In this study, we analyzed the altitudinal distribution and body condition of the juvenile migratory fish Megaleporinus obtusidens and Salminus brasiliensis in the Uruguay River, a South American subtropical river. We used the presence/absence data and condition factor (K) of juveniles as indicators to try to characterize some recruitment patterns of migratory fish in the main channel of the Uruguay River. Gillnet sampling was conducted during two reproductive years, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 (November and March of each reproductive year), in three Uruguay River stretches at different levels of altitude. The nets remained in the water for 10-12 hours per night or day for 10 days during each field trip (NOV-15, MAR-16, NOV-16, and MAR-17). The abundance of M. obtusidens juveniles were similar between the two reproductive years, whereas S. brasiliensis capture was higher during the 2015-2016 reproductive year. The probability of finding M. obtusidens juveniles in the Uruguay River was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the altitudinal gradient of the sampling points, as shown by the GLM model. For S. brasiliensis, the logit model indicated a non-significant probabilistic relationship (p > 0.05) between the presence of juveniles of this fish species and the altitude gradient. Regarding the body condition of juveniles, the water quality of the sampling points did not affect the juvenile condition factor for either species; however, a positive relationship (p < 0.05) was found with the water level for both species, even with an adjusted R2 of 0.13 for M. obtusidens and 0.48 to S. brasiliensis. Altitude gradient and water level were factors that may affect the juvenile distribution and body condition of these species, respectively, in the Uruguay River. Therefore, this information can be used in hydropower generation policies to conserve migratory fish populations in the Uruguay River Basin. study river presenceabsence absence K (K years 20152016 2015 2016 2015-201 20162017 2017 2016-201 November year, year , year) 1012 12 10-1 1 NOV15, NOV15 NOV 15, 15 (NOV-15 MAR16, MAR16 MAR 16, 16 MAR-16 NOV16, NOV16 NOV-16 MAR17. MAR17 17 . MAR-17) M S p 0.05 005 0 05 nonsignificant non significant however R 013 13 0.1 048 48 0.4 respectively Therefore Basin 2015201 201 2015-20 2016201 2016-20 101 10- NOV1 (NOV-1 MAR1 MAR-1 NOV-1 MAR-17 0.0 00 01 0. 04 4 201520 20 2015-2 201620 2016-2 (NOV- MAR- NOV- 20152 2 2015- 20162 2016- (NOV

Resumo Neste estudo, analisamos a distribuição altitudinal e condição corpórea de juvenis dos peixes migradores Megaleporinus obtusidens e Salminus brasiliensis no rio Uruguai, um rio subtropical sul-americano. Nós utilizamos os dados de presença/ausência e o fator de condição dos juvenis como indicadores, para tentar caracterizar alguns padrões de recrutamento de peixes migradores no canal principal do rio Uruguai. A amostragem com rede de espera foi realizada durante dois anos reprodutivos, 2015-2016 e 2016-2017 (novembro e março de cada ano reprodutivo), em três trechos do rio Uruguai em diferentes níveis de altitude. As redes permaneceram na água por 10-12 horas a noite ou dia, por 10 dias durante cada saída de campo (NOV-15, MAR-16, NOV-16 e MAR-17). A abundância de juvenis de M. obtusidens foi semelhante entre os dois anos reprodutivos, enquanto a captura de S. brasiliensis foi maior durante o ano reprodutivo 2015-2016. A probabilidade de encontrar juvenis de M. obtusidens no rio Uruguai foi negativamente correlacionada (p < 0,05) com o gradiente altitudinal dos pontos amostrais, conforme demonstrado pelo modelo GLM. Para S. brasiliensis, o modelo logit apresentou relação probabilística não-significativa (p > 0,05) entre a presença de juvenis desta espécie de peixe e o gradiente de altitude. Com relação à condição corpórea dos juvenis, a qualidade da água dos pontos amostrais não influenciou o fator de condição dos juvenis para nenhuma das espécies; no entanto, uma relação positiva (p < 0,05) foi encontrada com o nível da água para ambas as espécies, com um R2 ajustado de 0,13 para M. obtusidens e 0,48 para S. brasiliensis. O gradiente de altitude e o nível da água foram fatores significativos que podem afetar a distribuição de juvenis e a condição corpórea destas espécies, respectivamente, no rio Uruguai. Portanto, estas informações podem ser utilizadas em políticas de geração de energia hidrelétrica para conservar as populações de peixes migradores na bacia do rio Uruguai. estudo sulamericano. sulamericano sul americano. americano sul-americano presençaausência ausência indicadores reprodutivos 20152016 2015 2016 2015-201 20162017 2017 2016-201 novembro reprodutivo, , reprodutivo) 1012 12 10-1 dia 1 NOV15, NOV15 NOV 15, 15 (NOV-15 MAR16, MAR16 MAR 16, 16 MAR-16 NOV16 NOV-1 MAR17. MAR17 17 . MAR-17) M S 20152016. 2016. p 0,05 005 0 05 GLM nãosignificativa significativa espécies entanto R 013 13 0,1 048 48 0,4 respectivamente Portanto 2015201 201 2015-20 2016201 2016-20 101 10- NOV1 (NOV-1 MAR1 MAR-1 NOV- MAR-17 0,0 00 01 0, 04 4 201520 20 2015-2 201620 2016-2 (NOV- MAR- 20152 2 2015- 20162 2016- (NOV

ABSTRACT The Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) is internationally recognized for its economic, social, and environmental relevance. It is designated as a World Heritage site and part of selected wetland areas that protect and conserve biodiversity, especially waterbirds. However, it has historically been under pressure from human activities, and the information about waterbirds that use the region is fragmented. Thus, with this study, we sought to establish a baseline for the waterbirds using the bays of the PEC, considering aspects such as species richness, abundance, and conservation status. On board a boat, we conducted monthly surveys from March 2020 to February 2021 along 36 transects equally distributed among the three main bays of the PEC. We recorded 46 species distributed across 17 families and eight orders. The order Charadriiformes displayed the highest number of species, totaling 19. Among them, the Neotropic Cormorant, identified as Nannopterum brasilianum, stood out with the highest number of occurrences. Furthermore, we documented eight migratory species from the Northern Hemisphere, including Calidris pussilla, the Semipalmated Sandpiper, considered near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Additionally, we observed seven other species classified under some threat of extinction. Our results revealed that the PEC harbors a rich and diverse assemblage of waterbirds consisting of resident and migratory species, many of which are at some risk of population decline. Therefore, we reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring in the region, which can serve as a basis for public policies, supporting management and conservation strategies focused on waterbirds and the wetlands on which they depend. (PEC economic social relevance biodiversity However activities fragmented Thus study richness abundance status boat 202 3 4 1 orders 19 them Cormorant brasilianum occurrences Furthermore Hemisphere pussilla Sandpiper List Additionally extinction decline Therefore policies depend 20 2

Resumo A porção noroeste da ecorregião Floresta Atlântica do Alto Paraná é uma das mais alteradas e fragmentadas da Mata Atlântica, da qual pouco se sabe sobre a avifauna local. Nosso objetivo foi descrever a diversidade e composição da avifauna aquática, bem como analisar os padrões de similaridade quanto a distribuição temporal e espacial destas aves nesta ecorregião. Utilizamos a transecção linear para amostragem em seis áreas úmidas (corpos d’água lênticos e lóticos), nos períodos de seca e chuva entre 2012 e 2013. Registramos 52 espécies de aves aquáticas e as riquezas das áreas mostraram-se distintas, pois apenas Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert, 1783), Rosthramus sociabilis (Vieillot, 1817), Aramus guarauna (Linnaeus, 1766), Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782), Jacana jacana (Linnaeus, 1766), and Arundinicola leucocephala (Linnaeus, 1764) foram comuns às seis áreas, o que indica seleção de habitat. Quando analisada a composição das aves nos dois períodos aliada à distribuição espacial, encontramos dissimilaridades temporais acentuadas entre os ambientes com características lóticas (rio e aterro) e lênticas (lagoas). Isto mostra que, além das diferentes épocas sazonais, é necessário analisar separadamente os diferentes tipos de áreas úmidas. Por fim, apesar da extensão pequena e baixa riqueza total, a área amostrada abrigou 1/3 das aves aquáticas de água doce para o estado de São Paulo, cinco espécies migratórias e 11 novas espécies para o noroeste do estado. A heterogeneidade de ambientes aquáticos locais, forte seleção de habitat aliada à sazonalidade e ausência de outros locais úmidos em seu entorno, explicam a diversidade e distribuição destas aves estreitamente relacionadas aos corpos d’água desta desconhecida ecorregião da Mata Atlântica.

Abstract The northwestern portion of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion is one of the most disturbed and fragmented areas in the Atlantic Forest, and little is known about the local avifauna. In this study, we have described the composition and diversity of the aquatic avifauna of this region and analyzed the patterns of similarity with respect to the seasonal as well as spatial distribution. We used the line transect sampling technique in six distinct humid areas (including lentic and lotic water bodies) during the dry and rainy seasons of 2012 and 2013. A total of 52 species of waterfowl were recorded. The species richness of the studied areas was surprisingly distinct; only seven waterfowl species, namely Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert, 1783), Rosthramus sociabilis (Vieillot, 1817), Aramus guarauna (Linnaeus, 1766), Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782), Jacana jacana (Linnaeus, 1766), and Arundinicola leucocephala (Linnaeus, 1764), were common to these six studied areas. This indicated that the other bird species that were observed might be habitat selective. Moreover, the analysis of the composition of birds in the two seasons (dry and rainy) combined with their spatial distributions showed significant dissimilarities between the areas with lotic (river and constructed wetland) and lentic (lagoons) characteristics. Nevertheless, despite the small extent and low total richness of the entire study area, it was found to be home to 1/3 of all freshwater aquatic birds documented in the state of São Paulo, with the record of 5 migratory species and 11 new species added to the northwest of the state. The heterogeneity of local aquatic environments, habitat selection combined with seasonality, and the absence of other humid locations in the surroundings can explain the diversity and distribution of these birds in the water bodies of this uninvestigated Atlantic Forest ecoregion.

Resumo A migração de aves é um fenômeno que leva milhares de indivíduos a se deslocarem entre diferentes áreas de alimentação e reprodução, podendo esses movimentos ultrapassarem fronteiras geopolíticas. Este é um comportamento crucial para a sobrevivência de muitas espécies. No entanto, os impactos antrópicos estão afetando os habitats das espécies, contribuindo para o declínio populacional das aves. Diante disto, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os distúrbios causados pelas atividades turísticas sobre as aves migratórias que visitam os estuários dos rios Cardoso e Camurupim, no litoral do estado do Piauí, e propor medidas para mitigar as perturbações sobre as aves. As amostragens foram realizadas em três pontos de observação, onde foram analisadas as alterações do comportamento das aves em repostas às atividades turísticas. Para isto, foram utilizados binóculos, câmera fotográfica e um telêmetro a laser para auxiliar na elaboração das zonas de impacto. Embora ocorram diversos tipos de atividades turísticas na região, as principais perturbações são causadas pelo kitesurf e turistas caminhando próximo às áreas de alimentação ou repouso das espécies. Calidris minutilla, Calidris pusilla, Calidris alba, Actitis macularius e Charadriius semipalmatus foram as espécies menos sensíveis aos distúrbios, reagindo com mais frequência dentro das zonas de impactos Z = 0-30m e Z = 30-60m, ao passo que as espécies Pluvialis squatarola, Numenius hudsonicus, Tringa melanoleuca, Calidris canutus, Limnodromus griseus e Pandion haliaetus apresentaram maiores distâncias de fuga. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a presença de turistas caminhando e a prática do kitesurf são as principais atividades que impactam as aves migratórias na região, o que demonstra a necessidade de medidas para mitigar tais impactos. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, a criação de zonas de proteção mínima de 160m e 200m são indicadas para mitigar os distúrbios provocados pela aproximação de banhistas e kitesurfistas. reprodução geopolíticas entanto disto Camurupim Piauí observação isto binóculos impacto região minutilla pusilla alba 030m m 0 30m 3060m, 3060m 30 60m, 60m 30-60m squatarola hudsonicus melanoleuca canutus fuga kitesurfistas 3

Abstract The bird migration phenomenon makes thousands of individuals displace between different sites for feeding and breeding purposes. These displacements often make these birds cross geopolitical borders. This behavior is crucial for the survival of many species; however, anthropogenic impacts affect their habitats and contribute to bird-population decline. In light of the foregoing, the aims of the present study are to analyze disturbances caused by touristic activities over migratory birds who visit the estuaries of Cardoso and Camurupim rivers on the coast of Piauí State, and to suggest measures aimed at mitigating disturbances over birds. Samples were collected at three observation points to analyze changes in bird behavior, in response to touristic activities in these sites. Binoculars, a camera and a laser rangefinder were used to help drawing impact zones. Although several touristic activities are performed in the herein assessed region, the main disturbance in it is caused by both kitesurf practitioners and tourists who walk by these species’ feeding or resting zones. Calidris minutilla, Calidris pusilla, Calidris alba, Actitis macularius and Charadriius semipalmatus were the species least sensitive to disturbances, and they more often reacted to them within impact zones Z = 0-30m and Z = 30-60m, whereas species Pluvialis squatarola, Numenius hudsonicus, Tringa melanoleuca, Calidris canutus, Limnodromus griseus and Pandion haliaetus flee to distances. Based on the current results, kitesurfing and tourists walking by these sites account for the main impact on migratory birds in this region. This finding highlights the need of taking measures to mitigate such impacts. Accordingly, creating minimum protection zones to cover distances ranging from 160m to 200m radius is a recommendation to mitigate disturbances caused by bathers and kitesurf practitioners’ approaching. purposes borders however birdpopulation population decline foregoing State Binoculars region minutilla pusilla alba 030m m 0 30m 3060m, 3060m 30 60m, 60m 30-60m squatarola hudsonicus melanoleuca canutus results Accordingly approaching 3

RESUMEN Este artículo interpreta parte de los procesos migratorios y de la colonización que tuvieron lugar en el Sur de Brasil y en la provincia de Misiones, en Argentina, en la zona del bosque de araucarias, impulsados por empresas colonizadoras privadas y por políticas públicas de repoblación en el siglo XX. Se utilizan estudios de agrónomos y otros investigadores argentinos que identificaron el área de distribución de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze en Misiones. Se discute el proceso de explotación de la araucaria y otras especies arbóreas nativas en el desarrollo económico de Misiones y la correspondiente reducción y fragmentación de los ecosistemas forestales, la creación de paisajes y la pérdida de la biodiversidad. Argentina araucarias XX Bertol. Bertol (Bertol. forestales biodiversidad (Bertol

ABSTRACT This article interprets part of the migratory and colonization processes that occurred in the South of Brazil and in Misiones, in Argentine, in the Araucaria Forest area, driven by private colonizing companies and by the public repopulation policies of the twentieth century. It used studies from agronomists and other Argentine researchers that identified the distribution area of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze in Misiones. Thus, it discusses the process of exploitation of araucaria and other native tree species in the economic development of Misiones and the corresponding reduction and fragmentation of forest ecosystems, the creation of landscapes, and the loss of biodiversity. century Bertol. Bertol (Bertol. Thus ecosystems landscapes biodiversity (Bertol

RESUMO Este artigo interpreta parte dos processos migratórios e de colonização ocorridos no Sul do Brasil e em Misiones, na Argentina, na área da floresta com araucárias, impulsionados por companhias colonizadoras privadas e políticas públicas de repovoamento do século XX. Utiliza estudos de engenheiros agrônomos e de outros estudiosos argentinos que identificaram a área de distribuição da Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze em Misiones. Discute, assim, o processo de exploração da araucária e de outras espécies arbóreas nativas no desenvolvimento econômico de Misiones e as correspondentes redução e fragmentação dos ecossistemas florestais, a construção de paisagens e a perda de biodiversidade. Argentina araucárias XX Bertol. Bertol (Bertol. Discute assim florestais biodiversidade (Bertol

Resumen Introducción: El humedal costero Poza de La Arenilla (HCPA), Callao, Perú, es un hábitat importante para el descanso y reposo de aves acuáticas, entre ellas la familia Laridae. Sin embargo, el humedal está sufriendo una degradación crítica debido al desarrollo de actividades antropogénicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la distribución espacio-temporal de las aves acuáticas de la familia Laridae reportadas en HCPA según la temporada del año entre 2013 y 2018. Métodos: Se realizaron muestreos quincenales en 11 zonas delimitadas de HCPA de enero 2013 a diciembre 2018, durante la mañana y la tarde, mediante el método de recuento total. Resultados: Se registraron 12 especies de la familia Laridae. Leucophaeus pipixcan fue la especie de mayor dominancia en la mayoría de las zonas estudiadas y su presencia se destaca en verano y primavera. Las especies con mayor distribución en el humedal son L. pipixcan, Larus dominicanus y Larus belcheri, que se registraron en todas las zonas estudiadas. La mayor abundancia total promedio de especies se registró en verano y la menor en invierno. Se observó un aumento gradual de la abundancia promedio de aves, siendo estos aumentos notables entre primavera y verano de un año a otro. Además, se observó una disminución de la riqueza global de los láridos durante el periodo evaluado. Se observó un patrón de variación estacional del índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver (H’) similar de un año a otro, debido a que los láridos son aves migratorias, y una tendencia a la disminución del índice con el paso del tiempo. Conclusiones: El HCPA desempeña un papel fundamental para la avifauna acuática de la región. Se ha registrado la presencia de cinco especies migratorias y siete residentes de esta familia, las cuales muestran preferencias espaciales en diferentes zonas del humedal. A pesar de que se observa una disminución en la riqueza global de las especies en el tiempo, la abundancia promedio de aves aumenta.

Abstract Introduction: The coastal wetland Poza de La Arenilla (HCPA), located in Callao (Peru), is an important resting and roosting habitat for aquatic birds, including the family Laridae. However, the wetland is suffering critical degradation due to the development of anthropogenic activities. Objective: To evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of aquatic birds of the family Laridae reported at HCPA seasonally during the period 2013-2018. Methods: Biweekly sampling was carried out in 11 delimited zones in HCPA between January 2013 and December 2018, during morning and afternoon hours using the total count method. Results: A total of 12 species of Laridae birds were recorded. Leucophaeus pipixcan is the most dominant species in most of the studied zones and its presence is highlighted in summer and spring. The species with the greatest distribution in the wetland was L. pipixcan, Larus dominicanus, and Larus belcheri, which were reported in all the zones studied. The highest average total abundance of species was recorded in summer, while the lowest in winter. A gradual increase in the average abundance of aquatic birds was observed, with these increases being noticeable between the springs and summers from one year to the following. Also, overall richness of the larids was observed to decrease throughout the period evaluated. A similar seasonal variation pattern of the Shannon diversity index (H’) was observed from one year to the following, due the fact that Laridae are migratory, and a tendency for the index to decrease with the passage of time. Conclusions: The HCPA plays a key role for the aquatic birds of the region. The presence of five migratory and seven resident species of Laridae has been recorded, which show spatial preferences in different areas of the wetland. Despite a decrease in overall species richness over time, the average abundance of Laridae birds is increasing.

Abstract: Individuals of Laridae family play an important role in functional ecology of marine and coastal environments, and have been described as bioindicators of ichthyofauna, however, knowledge about these birds in southwestern Gulf of Mexico is limited. The objective of the present study was to study Laridae family assemblages and migratory patterns along Barra Norte beach coastline, Veracruz State, southwestern Gulf of Mexico. During 2014-2015 winter migratory season, three monthly samplings were conducted along 1 km x 600 m line transects. The assemblages were approached through diversity indices (Pielou's equity, Simpson's dominance and true diversity) and dominant species (characterized by a percentage similarity analysis). Migration was studied with a partial canonical correspondence analysis. A total of 3,314 organisms grouped into 14 species were recorded. Equity was highest in April and dominance in February. The dominant species were Leucophaeus atricilla, Thalasseus maximus, T. acuflavidus and Hydroprogne caspia. Three migratory patterns were found and coincide with the rainy, northerly and dry seasons. Each pattern contains particular species assemblages. The first pattern occurs from August to October 2014 (Sterna hirundo, T. acuflavidus and Chlidonias niger), the second from November 2014 to February 2015 (Larus delawarensis, L. californicus, L. argentatus smithsonianus, L. atricilla, H. caspia and Rissa trydactila) and the last one covers April and May 2015 (Rynchops niger, Sternula antillarum and L. pipixcan). Results establish that larids community assemblage is composed of a multiple migratory pattern.

Resumen: Los representantes de la familia Laridae tienen un rol importante en la ecología funcional de los ambientes marinos y costeros, por lo que han sido descritos como bioindicadores de la ictiofauna, sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre estas aves en el suroeste del golfo de México es limitado. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estudiar los ensambles y patrones migratorios de la familia Laridae en la línea costera de la playa Barra Norte, Estado de Veracruz, suroeste del golfo de México. Durante la temporada migratoria invernal 2014-2015 se realizaron tres muestreos mensuales a través de transectos lineales de 1 km x 600 m. Los ensambles se abordaron a través de índices de diversidad (equidad de Pielou, dominancia de Simpson y de diversidad verdadera) y especies dominantes (caracterizadas por un análisis de similitud porcentual). Con un análisis de correspondencia canónico parcial se estudió su migración. Se registraron 3.314 organismos agrupados en 14 especies. La equidad fue más alta en abril y la dominancia en febrero. Las especies dominantes fueron Leucophaeus atricilla, Thalasseus maximus, T. acuflavidus e Hydroprogne caspia. Se encontraron tres patrones migratorios que coinciden con las temporadas de lluvias, nortes y secas. Cada patrón contiene particulares ensambles de especies. El primer patrón ocurre de agosto a octubre 2014 (Sterna hirundo, T. acuflavidus y Chlidonias niger), el segundo de noviembre 2014 a febrero 2015 (Larus delawarensis, L. californicus, L. argentatus smithsonianus, L. atricilla, H. caspia y Rissa tridactyla), y el último abarca abril y mayo 2015 (Rynchops niger, Sternula antillarum y L. pipixcan). Los resultados establecen que el ensamblaje comunitario de los láridos se compone de un patrón migratorio múltiple.

Abstract. Greenspaces immersed in the large urban centers serve as shelters for biodiversity, reducing the negative impact of urbanization. To contribute to the knowledge of the avifauna of central Mexico, in the present study the bird diversity presents in the Sierra Hermosa Ecological, Tourist and Recreational State Park, a peri-urban area of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City was determined, adjacent to the Felipe Ángeles International Airport. The data was obtained by carrying out field work over 29 months of sampling between 2019 and 2022. A total of 199 bird species were obtained, belonging to 46 families and 17 orders. The families that presented the highest species richness were Tyrannidae (19) and Parulidae (14). Ninety-two resident, 95 migratory and 12 introduced species were found. The most representative trophic group was that of insectivores (115) and the habitat with the highest species richness was abandoned buildings with induced trees (92). Three endemic species and six under some risk categories were found according to NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. The results indicate that is a site of great importance for feeding, shelter, and reproduction for populations of resident and migratory birds that inhabit the periphery of the urban area, and that in the local scenario could be used for future research on rehabilitation, restoration, and territorial planning in the Valley of Mexico.

Resumen. Los espacios verdes inmersos en los grandes centros urbanos sirven como refugios para la biodiversidad, reduciendo el impacto negativo que representa la urbanización. Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento de la avifauna del centro de México, se determinó la diversidad de aves presente en el Parque Estatal Ecológico, Turístico y Recreativo Sierra Hermosa, que es un área periurbana de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, adyacente al Aeropuerto Internacional Felipe Ángeles. Los datos fueron obtenidos realizando trabajo de campo durante 29 meses de muestreo entre 2019 y 2022. Se obtuvo un total de 199 especies de aves, agrupados en 46 familias y 17 órdenes; las familias que presentaron la mayor riqueza de especies fueron Tyrannidae (19) y Parulidae (14). Se encontraron 92 especies residentes, 95 migratorias y 12 introducidas. El grupo trófico más representativo fue de los insectívoros (115) y el hábitat con mayor riqueza de especies fue las edificaciones abandonadas con arbolado inducido (92). Se hallaron tres especies endémicas y seis bajo alguna categoría de riesgo de acuerdo con la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Los resultados indican que es un sitio de gran importancia para la alimentación, refugio y reproducción para las poblaciones de aves residentes y migratorias que habitan en la periferia del área urbana, y que en el escenario local podría utilizarse para futuros estudios sobre rehabilitación, restauración y planificación territorial en el Valle de México.

ABSTRACT Background. Bird studies in the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Park (PNSAV) have reported previously that 48 % of the birds are winter migrants and 52 % are residents. However, the structure of the bird communities of its islands has yet to be previously analyzed. Objectives. To analyze the bird communities’ structure of Sacrificios, Verde, Salmedina, Polo, de Enmedio, and Santiaguillo islands. Methods. From April 2021 to April 2022, six bird censuses were conducted on each island. With the data obtained, species richness, abundance, and alpha diversity using the Shannon, Margalef, and Simpson indices, were determined. Additionally, birds were classified into marine, aquatic or coastal, hawks, and terrestrial, and the number of species and the sum of maxima of these groups were calculated for each island. Finally, with all the information, the conformation of each island’s bird communities and their diversity variations throughout the study year were analyzed. Results. De Enmedio Island had the highest diversity values (April and October 2021). October had the highest diversity values for Sacrificios, Verde, and Santiaguillo islands. Salmedina and Polo showed the highest diversity in July 2021 and January 2022; only marine and coastal birds were observed on these two islands; in the other islands, terrestrial species predominated. On Polo Island, marine birds were highly abundant despite the island’s small size. Conclusions. There appears to be great anthropogenic pressure on seabirds’ resting and breeding habitats. There needs to be more information about the islands, and generating it is relevant for the integrated management of the PNSAV.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Estudios previos en el Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV) han reportado que 48 % de las aves son migratorias de invierno y 52 % son residentes. Sin embargo, no se ha analizado previamente la estructura de las comunidades de aves de sus islas. Objetivos. Analizar la estructura de las comunidades de aves de las islas Sacrificios, Verde, Salmedina, Polo, de Enmedio y Santiaguillo. Métodos. Se realizaron seis censos de aves en cada isla de abril de 2021 a abril de 2022. Con los datos obtenidos se determinó la riqueza específica, la abundancia y la diversidad alfa mediante los índices de Shannon, Margalef y Simpson. Adicionalmente, luego de clasificar a las aves en marinas, acuáticas o costeras, rapaces y terrestres, se calculó el número de especies y la suma de máximos de estos grupos para cada isla. Con toda la información se analizó la conformación de las comunidades de aves para cada isla y sus variaciones en cuanto a la diversidad a lo largo del año de estudio. Resultados. La isla de Enmedio presentó los mayores valores de diversidad (abril y octubre 2021). Octubre 2021 fue el mes de mayor diversidad para Sacrificios, Verde y Santiaguillo. Salmedina y Polo presentaron mayor diversidad en julio 2021 y en enero 2022, en estas dos islas solo se observaron aves marinas y costeras, en las demás islas predominaron especies terrestres. En Polo, las aves marinas presentaron una elevada abundancia a pesar del reducido tamaño de la isla. Conclusiones. Parece existir una gran presión antrópica sobre los hábitats de reposo y reproducción de las aves marinas. Existe poca información de las islas, generarla es relevante para un manejo integral del PNSAV.