ABSTRACT The Atlantic Forest has one of the richest avifaunas in the world, with endemic, migratory and endangered taxa. However, some of the ornithological knowledge produced there has yet to be organized and published, hindering effective conservation actions. For example, a study concluded in 2005 documented 213 species for Parque das Neblinas (PN), a private reserve located in the Serra do Mar in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, but there has been no update since. We retrieved, organized, and technically evaluated ornithological data produced for PN over the last 20 years, including that from articles, online platforms, occasional lists and a systematic inventory logging 250 field hours. Data consolidation resulted in 293 bird species for PN, including 88 endemic and nine threatened with extinction. Two-hundred and fifty-seven species were recorded by different researchers and bird observers while 141 were recorded by the field inventory, which added 24 species to the total list, showing great potential for new research. The PN bird community is typical of the São Paulo plateau, with the occurrence of species from coastal lowlands as well as drier areas in the interior, and represents an important area for the conservation of Atlantic Forest birds that is also suitable for bird observation and photography.

Resumen Introducción: Las aves acuáticas (AA) son usualmente relacionadas a los humedales debido a que éstos funcionan como sitios de refugio, alimentación y anidación de diferentes especies residentes y migratorias. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre las aves acuáticas en algunos humedales es nulo. Objetivo: Investigar la composición espacio-temporal de la comunidad de AA en la laguna Juluapan, Colima, en el Pacífico Central Mexicano. Métodos: Entre junio de 2017 y mayo de 2018 se llevaron a cabo conteos mensuales en condiciones de marea baja para registrar el uso de hábitat de las AA. Se obtuvieron valores de riqueza de especies y número de individuos para realizar comparaciones entre zonas de muestreo, así como el promedio del número de especies y número de individuos para comparaciones entre temporadas. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 53 especies y 5 750 individuos. Los valores de riqueza de especies y densidad de individuos fueron más altos durante invierno, en la zona más alejada al ambiente marino, donde la actividad antropogénica es menor. La diversidad tuvo valores más altos en la zona 2 y 3, durante primavera, verano y otoño. El ambiente más explotado por las aves fueron las planicies lodosas; y el descanso fue la actividad más frecuente. Asimismo, la actividad de anidación sólo se registró en el manglar de la zona media durante primavera. Las “aves playeras” y “aves zancudas” fueron los grupos más predominantes en la comunidad de aves de la laguna Juluapan. Conclusiones: Este humedal costero es un sitio de gran importancia biológica para aves acuáticas, por lo que resulta necesario la implementación de medidas de conservación, así como el estudio de los efectos por la presión antropogénica.

Abstract Introduction: Aquatic birds (AB) are usually associated with wetlands, which provide refuge, food, and/or nesting sites for resident and migratory species. Despite their ecological importance, there is little knowledge on AB in some tropical environments, such as those found on the Colima coast. Objective: To investigate the spatial and temporal composition of the AB community in Juluapan Lagoon, Colima, Central Mexican Pacific. Methods: Monthly counts were conducted between June 2017 and May 2018 during low-tide conditions to record habitat use by AB. Species richness and bird counts were obtained to compare sampling areas; mean richness and number of individuals were compared between seasons. Results: We detected 53 species and 5 750 individuals. The highest species richness and relative abundance values were obtained in winter at the lagoon area farthest from the connection with the marine system, where anthropogenic activity is lower. Diversity was greater in zones 2 and 3 in spring, summer, and fall. Muddy flats were the most used environment, and the most frequent activity was resting. Nesting activity was only recorded in the middle of the lagoon at the mangrove during spring. “Shorebirds” and “waders” were the most dominant groups in the bird community of the Juluapan lagoon. Conclusions: This coastal wetland is a site of great biological importance for aquatic birds; thus, conservation measures should be implemented, and there should be a continuous study of the effects of anthropogenic pressure.

Resumen Introducción: El Zorzal del Bosque es un ave migratoria que ha experimentado caídas dramáticas en sus poblaciones en las últimas décadas. Esta especie pasa el invierno en fragmentos de bosque con niveles intermedios de modificación de hábitat en Centroamérica. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que detallen el uso de los bosques remanentes a lo largo del tiempo para dilucidar las amenazas que enfrenta esta especie en las zonas de invernada. Objetivo: Comprender los efectos de variables ambientales y de estructura del bosque en la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque en el Norte de Costa Rica. Métodos: El área de estudio fue el Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), ubicada en el Norte de Costa Rica, en diciembre de 2016, y en la temporada migratoria 2018-2019. Estimamos la ocurrencia y la probabilidad de detección del Zorzal del Bosque en cuatro ubicaciones de ACG (bosque seco, bosque nuboso y dos ubicaciones en el bosque húmedo) utilizando modelos de ocurrencia de una sola temporada. También estimamos la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque y la probabilidad de persistencia en diferentes meses en tres tipos de vegetación (área abierta, bosque secundario y bosque primario) en el bosque húmedo de ACG utilizando un enfoque de modelo de ocurrencia multi-estacional. Resultados: La ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque estuvo mejor descrita por la precipitación en las cuatro localidades del ACG; la probabilidad de ocurrencia aumentó con las precipitaciones. La ocurrencia media de zorzales varió con el tipo de vegetación: área abierta con arbustos y borde de bosque (0.69 ± 0.09), bosque secundario (0.46 ± 0.1) y bosque primario (0.61 ± 0.1). La probabilidad de persistencia del zorzal respondió parcialmente a cambios en la precipitación, con un aumento inesperado en la persistencia cuando las precipitaciones continuaron disminuyendo en la temporada. Conclusión: La ocurrecia del Zorzal del Bosque varió con la precipitación considerando una escala espacial mayor. Su probabilidad de persistencia varió parcialmente con la precipitación. Un aumento en la persistencia más cerca de la migración de primavera podría explicarse por el inicio de la temporada de reproducción de las aves residentes, lo que podría reducir los conflictos territoriales y conservar energía antes de la migración. La protección a largo plazo de los bosques húmedos en el norte de Costa Rica es de suma importancia para la conservación de los Zorzales del Bosque en sus zonas de invernada.

Abstract Introduction: The Wood Thrush is a migratory bird that has experienced dramatic declines in its populations in recent decades. This species overwinters in forest fragments with intermediate levels of habitat modification in Central America. However, more studies detailing the use of remnant forests through time are needed to elucidate the threats this species faces in the wintering grounds. Objective: To understand the effects of environmental and forest structure variables on the occupancy of Wood Thrush in Northern Costa Rica. Methods: The study area was the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), located in Northern Costa Rica, in December 2016, and during the 2018-2019 migration season. We estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and detection probability in four locations of ACG (dry forest, cloud forest, and two locations in the wet forest) using single-season occupancy models. We also estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and probability of persistence in different months in three vegetation types (open area, secondary forest, and old-growth forest) in the wet forest of ACG using a multi-season occupancy model approach. Results: Wood Thrush occupancy was best described by precipitation in the four locations of the ACG; the probability of occupancy increased with precipitation. The average occupancy of Wood Thrushes varied with vegetation type: open area with shrubs and forest edge (0.69 ± 0.09), secondary forest (0.46 ± 0.1), and old-growth forest (0.61 ± 0.1). Wood Thrush probability of persistence responded partially to changes in precipitation, with an unexpected increase in persistence when the rainfall continued decreasing in the season. Conclusion: Wood Thrush occupancy was best predicted by changes in precipitation considering a larger spatial scale. Its probability of persistence partially varied with precipitation. An increase in persistence closer to Spring migration might be explained by the start of the breeding season of resident birds, potentially reducing territorial conflicts and conserving energy before migration. The long-term protection of wet forests in Northern Costa Rica is of paramount importance for the conservation of Wood Thrushes in their wintering grounds.

Resumen Presentamos dos nuevos registros de leucismo en dos especies de aves de dos localidades de México. En primer lugar, reportamos un individuo de Golondrina Tijereta (Hirundo rustica); el individuo fue un polluelo observado entre el 15 de julio y el 6 de agosto del 2010 en un área suburbana del centro de Jalisco, el cual presentó coloración gris blanquizca y ojos oscuros. También reportamos un Zopilote Aura (Cathartes aura) con leucismo observado el 4 de noviembre del 2014 sobrevolando la ciudad de José Cardel, Veracruz mientras migraba; el individuo presentó plumas primarias blancas mezcladas con secundarias obscuras, coberteras primarias blancas, cuello y pecho blancos. Nuestros reportes representan el primer registro en México de leucismo de la Golondrina Tijereta, y el primer reporte publicado de un zopilote con leucismo migrando a través del centro de Veracruz, respectivamente. Nuestras observaciones también muestran que ambos individuos leucísticos realizaban actividades regulares de su ciclo de vida, enriqueciendo el conocimiento disponible sobre las anormalidades cromáticas en las aves mexicanas.

Abstract We present two new records of leucism in two bird species from two locations in Mexico. First, we report one leucistic Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica); the individual was a nestling observed between 15 July and 6 August 2010, in a suburban area of central Jalisco, showing gray-whitish coloration and dark eyes. We also report of one leucistic Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) spotted during the afternoon of 4 November 2014, flying overhead while migrating in the city of José Cardel, Veracruz; the individual showed white primary feathers interspersed with dark secondaries, white primary coverts, white neck, and chest feathers. Our records represent the first Mexican report of leucism in the Barn Swallow, and the first published report of a leucistic vulture migrating across central Veracruz, respectively. Our observations also show that both leucistic individuals were accomplishing regular life-cycle activities, enriching the available knowledge of chromatic abnormalities in Mexican birds.

RESUMEN En los estudios de especímenes de herbarios y material vivo se observó que varias especies del género Azolla Lam. están presentes en diferentes humedales de Costa Rica, lo que implicó la búsqueda de los nombres aplicables a cada taxón. De acuerdo con la revisión morfológica y reproductiva, además de las especies descritas y validadas, se reconocieron tres especies: Azolla filiculoides Lam., A. imbricata (Roxb. ex Griff.) Nakai y A. pinnata R. Br. La primera especie es la única especie nativa de América, la segunda se conoce de Asia y la tercera se conoce de África y Australia. El uso de Azolla para la fertilización de arrozales y la alimentación animal ha hecho que especies como A. imbricata y A. pinnata se hayan introducido en países como Estados Unidos, Colombia y Ecuador; después de esto, probablemente las aves acuáticas y migratorias hayan sido las responsables de la propagación a otros países como Costa Rica.

Abstract In studies of herbarium specimens and living material, we observed that several species in the genus Azolla Lam. are present in different wetlands of Costa Rica, which instigated the search for applicable names of each taxon. According to a morphological and reproductive review, in addition to the species registered and validated, three species were recognized: Azolla filiculoides Lam., A. imbricata (Roxb. ex Griff.) Nakai and A. pinnata R. Br. The first species is the only native species from America, the second is from Asia, and the third is from Africa and Australia. The use of Azolla for fertilizing rice fields and animal feed has led to the introduction of species such as A. imbricata and A. pinnata to countries such as the United States, Colombia, and Ecuador. After their introduction, it is likely that aquatic and migratory birds were responsible for the spread of these species to other countries such as Costa Rica.

Resumen. En México, el milano tijereta (Elanoides forficatus) se encuentra principalmente en la vertiente del Atlántico y en la península de Yucatán durante sus movimientos migratorios, por lo que su avistamiento fuera de estas áreas es inusual. En esta nota, presento el primer registro de la especie en el estado de Guanajuato, México. La observación tuvo lugar el 28 de septiembre del 2023 en el área natural protegida Presa La Purísima y su Zona de Influencia, ubicada en la capital del estado. El ave fue avistada cerca de la vegetación típica de la selva baja caducifolia, a escasos metros del cuerpo de agua. Este registro destaca la importancia de los humedales en el centro del país, tanto para las aves residentes como para las migratorias y las vagabundas.

Abstract. In Mexico, the Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) is primarily found along the Atlantic coast and in the Yucatan Peninsula during its migratory movements, making sightings outside of these areas unusual. In this short communication, I present the first record of the species in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The observation took place on 28 September 2023, in the protected area of Presa La Purisima and its area of influence, located in the state capital. The bird was sighted near vegetation typical of the tropical dry forest, just a few meters from the body of water. This record highlights the importance of wetlands in the central region of the country, both for resident birds and for migratory and vagrant species.

ABSTRACT: The Fuegian snipe Gallinago stricklandii (Gray, 1845) is one of the most enigmatic members of the family Scolopacidae Rafinesque, 1815. It is the least known species of the Gallinago genus and inhabits throughout the range of the biome of South American temperate forests, between the Maule region (36°S) and Cape Horn (56°S). In this biogeographical range, its reproductive and migratory habits are still poorly known. In this study, we report observations conducted between the years 2002 and 2023 in the Cape Horn National Park, with an emphasis on the most recent fieldwork on Horn Island. On this island, between January and October 2023, we recorded the autoecology of a family group composed of two adults and one juvenile. One of these adults was captured, banded, and measured in February 2023 (55°57.896'S - 67°13.478'W). The family group of G. stricklandii on Horn Island resided there during the summer, fall, winter, and spring seasons. This behavior contrasts with the migratory habit of the Magellanic snipe G. magellanica (King 1828), a better-known sympatric species. In addition to the resident habits of this family group and other individuals of G. stricklandii, we report new information about the morphology, feeding, and reproductive habits in the southern end of its distribution. This information recorded at the southern extreme of the American continent will enable new studies about this species and open up comparative analyses with other species of the cosmopolitan Scolopacidae family, which includes the world's northernmost breeding birds at the boreal extreme of the Americas.

RESUMEN: La becacina grande Gallinago stricklandii (Gray, 1845J es uno de los representantes más enigmáticos de la familia Scolopacidae Rafinesque, 1815. Es la especie menos conocida del género Gallinago, y está presente en todo el ámbito de distribución del bioma de los bosques templados de Sudamérica desde la región del Maule (36°S) hasta Isla Hornos (56°S). Dentro de este ámbito biogeográfico, sus hábitos reproductivos y migratorios todavía plantean interrogantes cardinales. En este trabajo reportamos observaciones realizadas entre los años 2002 y 2023 en el Parque Nacional Cabo de Hornos, con énfasis en el período de registro más reciente en isla Hornos. En esta isla, entre enero y octubre del 2023 se registró la autoecología de un grupo familiar compuesto por dos adultos y un juvenil. Uno de los adultos fue capturado, anillado y medido en febrero del 2023 (55°58'S - 67°13'O). El grupo familiar de G. stricklandii en la isla Hornos residió allí durante las estaciones de verano, otoño, invierno y primavera. Esta conducta contrasta con el hábito migratorio de la becacina común G. magellanica (King 1828), una especie mejor conocida y simpátrica con G. stricklandii. Junto a los hábitos residentes de este grupo familiar y otros individuos de G. stricklandii, se reporta nueva información sobre la morfología, hábitos alimenticios y reproductivos en el extremo sur de su distribución. La información registrada en el extremo sur del continente americano posibilitará nuevos estudios en esta especie y sondear análisis comparativos con otras especies de la familia Scolopacidae, una familia de distribución cosmopolita que incluye a las aves reproductoras más nórdicas del mundo en el extremo boreal de América.

ABSTRACT The Amazon Basin harbors one of the most diverse avifaunas in the world, especially in the interfluvial region between the Madeira and Tapajós rivers, with many endemic and recently described species. Even though ornithologists have visited the region since the 19th century, there is little basic information about the local birds. Herein, the ornithological results of a scientific expedition carried out in the central and upper regions of the Abacaxis River are reported. A total of 356 bird species were recorded, including two that are threatened and five that are endemic to the region. The avian community of this species-rich region is very similar to more eastern communities, but the Abacaxis River does not form a geographic barrier for birds. The rapid loss of forest in the Amazon Basin makes it necessary to generate the type of of information provided in this study, to aid in conservation efforts. world rivers th century birds Herein reported 35 recorded speciesrich rich communities study efforts 3

Resumo A migração de aves é um fenômeno que leva milhares de indivíduos a se deslocarem entre diferentes áreas de alimentação e reprodução, podendo esses movimentos ultrapassarem fronteiras geopolíticas. Este é um comportamento crucial para a sobrevivência de muitas espécies. No entanto, os impactos antrópicos estão afetando os habitats das espécies, contribuindo para o declínio populacional das aves. Diante disto, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os distúrbios causados pelas atividades turísticas sobre as aves migratórias que visitam os estuários dos rios Cardoso e Camurupim, no litoral do estado do Piauí, e propor medidas para mitigar as perturbações sobre as aves. As amostragens foram realizadas em três pontos de observação, onde foram analisadas as alterações do comportamento das aves em repostas às atividades turísticas. Para isto, foram utilizados binóculos, câmera fotográfica e um telêmetro a laser para auxiliar na elaboração das zonas de impacto. Embora ocorram diversos tipos de atividades turísticas na região, as principais perturbações são causadas pelo kitesurf e turistas caminhando próximo às áreas de alimentação ou repouso das espécies. Calidris minutilla, Calidris pusilla, Calidris alba, Actitis macularius e Charadriius semipalmatus foram as espécies menos sensíveis aos distúrbios, reagindo com mais frequência dentro das zonas de impactos Z = 0-30m e Z = 30-60m, ao passo que as espécies Pluvialis squatarola, Numenius hudsonicus, Tringa melanoleuca, Calidris canutus, Limnodromus griseus e Pandion haliaetus apresentaram maiores distâncias de fuga. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a presença de turistas caminhando e a prática do kitesurf são as principais atividades que impactam as aves migratórias na região, o que demonstra a necessidade de medidas para mitigar tais impactos. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, a criação de zonas de proteção mínima de 160m e 200m são indicadas para mitigar os distúrbios provocados pela aproximação de banhistas e kitesurfistas. reprodução geopolíticas entanto disto Camurupim Piauí observação isto binóculos impacto região minutilla pusilla alba 030m m 0 30m 3060m, 3060m 30 60m, 60m 30-60m squatarola hudsonicus melanoleuca canutus fuga kitesurfistas 3

Abstract The bird migration phenomenon makes thousands of individuals displace between different sites for feeding and breeding purposes. These displacements often make these birds cross geopolitical borders. This behavior is crucial for the survival of many species; however, anthropogenic impacts affect their habitats and contribute to bird-population decline. In light of the foregoing, the aims of the present study are to analyze disturbances caused by touristic activities over migratory birds who visit the estuaries of Cardoso and Camurupim rivers on the coast of Piauí State, and to suggest measures aimed at mitigating disturbances over birds. Samples were collected at three observation points to analyze changes in bird behavior, in response to touristic activities in these sites. Binoculars, a camera and a laser rangefinder were used to help drawing impact zones. Although several touristic activities are performed in the herein assessed region, the main disturbance in it is caused by both kitesurf practitioners and tourists who walk by these species’ feeding or resting zones. Calidris minutilla, Calidris pusilla, Calidris alba, Actitis macularius and Charadriius semipalmatus were the species least sensitive to disturbances, and they more often reacted to them within impact zones Z = 0-30m and Z = 30-60m, whereas species Pluvialis squatarola, Numenius hudsonicus, Tringa melanoleuca, Calidris canutus, Limnodromus griseus and Pandion haliaetus flee to distances. Based on the current results, kitesurfing and tourists walking by these sites account for the main impact on migratory birds in this region. This finding highlights the need of taking measures to mitigate such impacts. Accordingly, creating minimum protection zones to cover distances ranging from 160m to 200m radius is a recommendation to mitigate disturbances caused by bathers and kitesurf practitioners’ approaching. purposes borders however birdpopulation population decline foregoing State Binoculars region minutilla pusilla alba 030m m 0 30m 3060m, 3060m 30 60m, 60m 30-60m squatarola hudsonicus melanoleuca canutus results Accordingly approaching 3

RESUMO (Dinâmica da comunidade de aves nos ambientes costeiros da Ilha do Cardoso, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil). Este estudo examina a dinâmica da comunidade de aves nos ambientes costeiros da Ilha do Cardoso, SP, considerando variáveis ambientais, sazonais e geográficas. Destaca-se a relevância das zonas de praia como ecossistemas únicos, onde as aves desempenham papéis fundamentais. Ao preencher lacunas na pesquisa sobre a avifauna local, oferece uma visão abrangente da comunidade de aves e suas variações sazonais nas praias, contribuindo para a compreensão e conservação desses ecossistemas. O estudo descreve várias espécies de aves presentes, enfatizando migrações sazonais e interações ecológicas complexas, enriquecendo a complexidade ecológica do ambiente. Destaca-se a importância das praias da Ilha do Cardoso para reprodução, alimentação e migração das aves, bem como as adaptações fisiológicas e comportamentais dessas aves diante dos desafios ambientais. Conclui-se ressaltando a notável diversidade de espécies na ilha, influenciada por fatores como clima e eventos migratórios, e destacando a importância da plasticidade comportamental e evolutiva das aves de praia diante das mudanças ambientais. Dinâmica Paulo Brasil. Brasil . Brasil) SP ambientais geográficas Destacase Destaca se únicos fundamentais local presentes complexas ambiente reprodução Concluise Conclui ilha migratórios

ABSTRACT (Dynamics of the bird community in the coastal environments of Ilha do Cardoso, São Paulo State, Brazil). This study examines the dynamics of the bird community in the coastal environments of Ilha do Cardoso, SP, considering environmental, seasonal, and geographical variables. The relevance of beach zones as unique ecosystems, where birds play fundamental roles, is highlighted. By filling gaps in local avifauna research, it provides a comprehensive view of the bird community and its seasonal variations on beaches, contributing to the understanding and conservation of these ecosystems. The study describes various bird species present, emphasizing seasonal migrations and complex ecological interactions, enriching the ecological complexity of the environment. The importance of Ilha do Cardoso’s beaches for bird reproduction, feeding, and migration is emphasized, as well as the physiological and behavioral adaptations of these birds to environmental challenges. It is concluded by highlighting the remarkable diversity of species on the island, influenced by factors such as climate and migratory events, and emphasizing the importance of behavioral and evolutionary plasticity of beach birds in the face of environmental changes. Dynamics Cardoso State Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) SP variables ecosystems roles highlighted research present interactions environment Cardosos s reproduction feeding emphasized challenges island events changes

Abstract Coastal habitats are important feeding grounds for migratory shorebirds, which turns the coast of Piauí State into an important region for birds’ migration cycle. This study aimed to identify migratory shorebirds, analyze their patterns of habitat preference on coastal Piauí State, Brazil, and identify classes of invertebrates found in foraging sites. In total, 23,829 records of migratory shorebirds belonging to 15 species were found at feeding sites, presenting significant segregation between different foraging substrates (F1,23 = 8.41; p = 0.001). Limnodromus griseus (56.5±98.42; p > 0.001), Numenius hudsonicus (35.96±37.37; p > 0.001), and Calidris canutus (34.4±80.84; p < 0. 001) were the species accounting for the highest densities in muddy substrate. Calidris pusilla (77.37±178.02; p > 0.001), Charadrius semipalmatus (66±142.17: p > 0.001), and Calidris alba (56.5±181.24; p > 0.001) were the most significant species in sandy-muddy substrate. Birds’ lowest density was observed in sandy habitat, but C. alba (22.41±40.9) recorded the highest density in this substrate. Overall, most shorebirds (92.8 %) preferred foraging substrates presenting higher concentration of fine particles (silt, clay, and fine sand). Invertebrates belonging to classes Polychaeta, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Malacostraca prevailed in these sites. Therefore, substrate type and prey composition are factors influencing the density of migratory shorebirds in foraging sites. In addition, this region witnesses the occurrence of endangered species, and it reinforces the importance of these feeding sites for them during their migration to Brazil’s coastal region. birds cycle Brazil total 23829 23 829 23,82 1 F1,23 F123 F F1 (F1,2 8.41 841 8 41 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 56.5±98.42 5659842 56 5 98 42 (56.5±98.42 0.001, , 35.96±37.37 35963737 35 96 37 (35.96±37.37 34.4±80.84 3448084 34 4 80 84 (34.4±80.84 77.37±178.02 773717802 77 178 02 (77.37±178.02 66±142.17 6614217 66 142 17 (66±142.17 56.5±181.24 56518124 181 24 (56.5±181.24 sandymuddy Birds C 22.41±40.9 2241409 22 40 9 (22.41±40.9 Overall 92.8 928 92 (92. % silt, silt (silt clay sand. sand sand) Polychaeta Gastropoda Bivalvia Therefore addition Brazils s 2382 2 82 23,8 F1,2 F12 (F1, 8.4 000 0.00 00 56.5±98.4 565984 (56.5±98.4 35.96±37.3 3596373 3 (35.96±37.3 34.4±80.8 344808 (34.4±80.8 77.37±178.0 77371780 7 (77.37±178.0 66±142.1 661421 6 14 (66±142.1 56.5±181.2 5651812 18 (56.5±181.2 22.41±40. 224140 (22.41±40. 92. (92 238 23, F1, (F1 8. 0.0 56.5±98. 56598 (56.5±98. 35.96±37. 359637 (35.96±37. 34.4±80. 34480 (34.4±80. 77.37±178. 7737178 (77.37±178. 66±142. 66142 (66±142. 56.5±181. 565181 (56.5±181. 22.41±40 22414 (22.41±40 (9 (F 56.5±98 5659 (56.5±98 35.96±37 35963 (35.96±37 34.4±80 3448 (34.4±80 77.37±178 773717 (77.37±178 66±142 6614 (66±142 56.5±181 56518 (56.5±181 22.41±4 2241 (22.41±4 ( 56.5±9 565 (56.5±9 35.96±3 3596 (35.96±3 34.4±8 344 (34.4±8 77.37±17 77371 (77.37±17 66±14 661 (66±14 56.5±18 5651 (56.5±18 22.41± 224 (22.41± 56.5± (56.5± 35.96± 359 (35.96± 34.4± (34.4± 77.37±1 7737 (77.37±1 66±1 (66±1 56.5±1 (56.5±1 22.41 (22.41 56.5 (56.5 35.96 (35.96 34.4 (34.4 77.37± 773 (77.37± 66± (66± 22.4 (22.4 56. (56. 35.9 (35.9 34. (34. 77.37 (77.37 (66 22. (22. (56 35. (35. (34 77.3 (77.3 (6 (22 (5 (35 (3 77. (77. (2 (77 (7

ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1908) is a highly prevalent zoonotic protozoan parasite found globally in various bird and mammal species, including humans. Migratory birds play an important epidemiological role by facilitating the spread of pathogens, including T. gondii, to new regions. Armenia is particularly significant in this context being located at the crossroads of three global migration flyways; however, research on T. gondii infection in wild birds in this region has not been previously conducted. This study marks the first molecular detection of active T. gondii infection in the blood of wild birds, assessing the prevalence associated with the risk factors such as age, sex, migratory status, and feeding habits of birds. Research was carried out in the Megri Region of Syunik Province in 2013, 2014, and 2018 in the breeding season. The presence of parasite in 116 Passerines was determined using PCR with specific primers derived from the RE gene with mean prevalence of T. gondii in 12%. The highest infection rates were observed in Upcher’s Warbler, Hippolais languida (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833), at 36% (4 out of 11), Eastern Black-eared Wheatear, Oenanthe melanoleuca (Guldenstadt, 1775), at 33% (2 out of 6), and Eastern Orphean Warbler, Curruca crassirostris (Bates, 1936), at 19% (5 out of 27). Long-distance migrants exhibited a higher frequency of T. gondii occurrence compared to resident birds (χ2 = 7.11, DF = 2, p = 0.029). The infection rates did not show a dependence on the sex or age of the birds. The relationship between infection and feeding behavior in local toxoplasmosis distribution remains unclear, necessitating further research with new methodologies, additional animal species, broader geographic coverage, and larger sample sizes. Nicolle Manceaux 1908 species humans pathogens T regions flyways however conducted status 2013 2014 201 season 11 12 12% Upchers Upcher s Warbler Hemprich Ehrenberg 1833, 1833 , 1833) 36 4 ( 11, 11) Blackeared Black eared Wheatear Guldenstadt, Guldenstadt (Guldenstadt 1775, 1775 1775) 33 2 6, 6 6) Bates, Bates (Bates 1936, 1936 1936) 19 5 27. 27 . 27) Longdistance Long distance χ2 χ (χ 711 7 7.11 0.029. 0029 0.029 0 029 0.029) unclear methodologies coverage sizes 190 20 1 183 3 177 193 71 7.1 002 0.02 02 18 17 7. 00 0.0 0.

Resumen Introducción: El humedal costero Poza de La Arenilla (HCPA), Callao, Perú, es un hábitat importante para el descanso y reposo de aves acuáticas, entre ellas la familia Laridae. Sin embargo, el humedal está sufriendo una degradación crítica debido al desarrollo de actividades antropogénicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la distribución espacio-temporal de las aves acuáticas de la familia Laridae reportadas en HCPA según la temporada del año entre 2013 y 2018. Métodos: Se realizaron muestreos quincenales en 11 zonas delimitadas de HCPA de enero 2013 a diciembre 2018, durante la mañana y la tarde, mediante el método de recuento total. Resultados: Se registraron 12 especies de la familia Laridae. Leucophaeus pipixcan fue la especie de mayor dominancia en la mayoría de las zonas estudiadas y su presencia se destaca en verano y primavera. Las especies con mayor distribución en el humedal son L. pipixcan, Larus dominicanus y Larus belcheri, que se registraron en todas las zonas estudiadas. La mayor abundancia total promedio de especies se registró en verano y la menor en invierno. Se observó un aumento gradual de la abundancia promedio de aves, siendo estos aumentos notables entre primavera y verano de un año a otro. Además, se observó una disminución de la riqueza global de los láridos durante el periodo evaluado. Se observó un patrón de variación estacional del índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver (H’) similar de un año a otro, debido a que los láridos son aves migratorias, y una tendencia a la disminución del índice con el paso del tiempo. Conclusiones: El HCPA desempeña un papel fundamental para la avifauna acuática de la región. Se ha registrado la presencia de cinco especies migratorias y siete residentes de esta familia, las cuales muestran preferencias espaciales en diferentes zonas del humedal. A pesar de que se observa una disminución en la riqueza global de las especies en el tiempo, la abundancia promedio de aves aumenta.

Abstract Introduction: The coastal wetland Poza de La Arenilla (HCPA), located in Callao (Peru), is an important resting and roosting habitat for aquatic birds, including the family Laridae. However, the wetland is suffering critical degradation due to the development of anthropogenic activities. Objective: To evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of aquatic birds of the family Laridae reported at HCPA seasonally during the period 2013-2018. Methods: Biweekly sampling was carried out in 11 delimited zones in HCPA between January 2013 and December 2018, during morning and afternoon hours using the total count method. Results: A total of 12 species of Laridae birds were recorded. Leucophaeus pipixcan is the most dominant species in most of the studied zones and its presence is highlighted in summer and spring. The species with the greatest distribution in the wetland was L. pipixcan, Larus dominicanus, and Larus belcheri, which were reported in all the zones studied. The highest average total abundance of species was recorded in summer, while the lowest in winter. A gradual increase in the average abundance of aquatic birds was observed, with these increases being noticeable between the springs and summers from one year to the following. Also, overall richness of the larids was observed to decrease throughout the period evaluated. A similar seasonal variation pattern of the Shannon diversity index (H’) was observed from one year to the following, due the fact that Laridae are migratory, and a tendency for the index to decrease with the passage of time. Conclusions: The HCPA plays a key role for the aquatic birds of the region. The presence of five migratory and seven resident species of Laridae has been recorded, which show spatial preferences in different areas of the wetland. Despite a decrease in overall species richness over time, the average abundance of Laridae birds is increasing.

Resumen. Se han registrado más de 150 especies de aves para el Archipiélago de Revillagigedo, pero hasta este trabajo no existe registro de una especie de colibrí. En noviembre del 2017, durante una expedición de monitoreo estacional de aves terrestres en Isla Socorro, observamos tres individuos de colibrí. Distinguimos a los individuos del género Archilochus de colibríes pequeños migratorios, principalmente por su estructura corporal pequeña al vuelo y su largo pico. Además, presentaron el morfo semejante al de la hembra adulta o un juvenil del colibrí barba negra (Archilochus alexandri), que inverna en el continente al oeste de México. Observamos a uno de los individuos alimentándose del néctar de las flores de amole (Ipomoea triloba) dentro de la vegetación de tipo matorral mixto de la isla. Este es el primer registro de un colibrí en el Archipiélago de Revillagigedo, y primer registro del colibrí barba negra en Isla Socorro, aumentando la riqueza biológica de la isla, así como la distribución del colibrí barba negra.

Abstract. More than 150 avian species have been recorded for the Revillagigedo Archipelago, but until this study there has been no record of a hummingbird species. In November 2017, during an expedition for seasonal monitoring of terrestrial birds on Isla Socorro, we observed three hummingbirds. We distinguished the individuals as belonging to the Archilochus genus of small migratory hummingbirds, mainly due to the small body structure in flight and long beak. They also had morph similar to that of the adult female or juvenile of the Black-chinned Hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) that winters in continental western Mexico. We observed one individual feeding on the nectar of amole (Ipomoea triloba) flowers within the mixed scrub vegetation of the island. This is the first record of a hummingbird species in the Revillagigedo Archipelago, and first record of the Black-chinned Hummingbird on Isla Socorro, increasing the biological richness of the island, as well as the distribution of the Black-chinned Hummingbird.

Resumen. Los espacios verdes inmersos en los grandes centros urbanos sirven como refugios para la biodiversidad, reduciendo el impacto negativo que representa la urbanización. Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento de la avifauna del centro de México, se determinó la diversidad de aves presente en el Parque Estatal Ecológico, Turístico y Recreativo Sierra Hermosa, que es un área periurbana de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, adyacente al Aeropuerto Internacional Felipe Ángeles. Los datos fueron obtenidos realizando trabajo de campo durante 29 meses de muestreo entre 2019 y 2022. Se obtuvo un total de 199 especies de aves, agrupados en 46 familias y 17 órdenes; las familias que presentaron la mayor riqueza de especies fueron Tyrannidae (19) y Parulidae (14). Se encontraron 92 especies residentes, 95 migratorias y 12 introducidas. El grupo trófico más representativo fue de los insectívoros (115) y el hábitat con mayor riqueza de especies fue las edificaciones abandonadas con arbolado inducido (92). Se hallaron tres especies endémicas y seis bajo alguna categoría de riesgo de acuerdo con la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Los resultados indican que es un sitio de gran importancia para la alimentación, refugio y reproducción para las poblaciones de aves residentes y migratorias que habitan en la periferia del área urbana, y que en el escenario local podría utilizarse para futuros estudios sobre rehabilitación, restauración y planificación territorial en el Valle de México.

Abstract. Greenspaces immersed in the large urban centers serve as shelters for biodiversity, reducing the negative impact of urbanization. To contribute to the knowledge of the avifauna of central Mexico, in the present study the bird diversity presents in the Sierra Hermosa Ecological, Tourist and Recreational State Park, a peri-urban area of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City was determined, adjacent to the Felipe Ángeles International Airport. The data was obtained by carrying out field work over 29 months of sampling between 2019 and 2022. A total of 199 bird species were obtained, belonging to 46 families and 17 orders. The families that presented the highest species richness were Tyrannidae (19) and Parulidae (14). Ninety-two resident, 95 migratory and 12 introduced species were found. The most representative trophic group was that of insectivores (115) and the habitat with the highest species richness was abandoned buildings with induced trees (92). Three endemic species and six under some risk categories were found according to NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. The results indicate that is a site of great importance for feeding, shelter, and reproduction for populations of resident and migratory birds that inhabit the periphery of the urban area, and that in the local scenario could be used for future research on rehabilitation, restoration, and territorial planning in the Valley of Mexico.