Abstract The fishing industry produces byproducts that accumulate and cause environmental pollution problems; however, could be used as an alternative source of nutrients in ruminants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response over ruminal microbiome, apparent digestibility and productivity of Katahdin lambs fed different levels of shrimp shell meal (HCC). Four male lambs with live weight of 22 ± 2.5 kg were assigned in a repeated Latin square design (4 animals x 4 treatments). The animals were assigned for 16 days per period to diets with 0, 5, 10 and 20 g 100 g DM of HCC, the treatments were: HCC0, HCC5, HCC10 and HCC20, respectively. The greatest daily weight gain was found in the HCC5 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). However, the highest dry matter intake was observed in animals with the HCC20 diet (P ≤ 0.05). In the apparent digestibility of the dry matter there was no difference between treatments (P > 0.05), neither in the concentration of total bacteria (P > 0.05), while the concentration of cellulolytic bacteria and chitin-degrading bacteria was higher in the animals from HCC20 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). The results indicate an adaptation of the ruminal microbiome to high doses of HCC, therefore, HCC can be used in diets for sheep without effect on rumen metabolism and microbial, nutrient digestibility and animal performance.

Resumen La industria pesquera genera subproductos que al acumularse causan problemas de contaminación ambiental; sin embargo, podrían ser una fuente de nutrientes para rumiantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta sobre el microbioma ruminal, la digestibilidad aparente y productividad de borregos Katahdin alimentados con diferentes niveles de harina de caparazón de camarón (HCC). Cuatro borregos machos con peso vivo de 22 ± 2.5 kg fueron asignados en un diseño cuadrado latino (4 animales x 4 tratamientos) repetido. Los animales fueron asignados durante 16 días por periodo a dietas con 0, 5, 10 y 20 g 100 g-1 de MS de HCC, los tratamientos fueron: HCC0, HCC5, HCC10 y HCC20, respectivamente. La mayor ganancia diaria de peso se tuvo en los animales del tratamiento HCC5 (P ≤ 0.05). Sin embargo, el mayor consumo de materia seca se observó en los animales con la dieta HCC20 (P ≤ 0.05). En la digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca no hubo diferencia entre tratamientos (P > 0.05), ni en la concentración de bacterias totales (P > 0.05), mientras que la concentración de bacterias celulolíticas y de bacterias degradadoras de quitina, fue mayor en los animales del tratamiento con HCC20 (P ≤ 0.05). Los resultados indican una adaptación del microbioma ruminal a dosis altas de HCC, por tanto, se puede usar HCC en dietas para borregos sin efecto en el metabolismo y microbiana ruminal, la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y en el desempeño de los animales.

Resumen El trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) ha ganado relevancia en los últimos años, ya que es una de las principales causas de discapacidad a nivel mundial y ejerce un impacto significativo en la vida diaria de quienes lo experimentan. La relación entre la disbiosis intestinal y el TDM ha surgido como un componente crucial en el ámbito de la salud mental. La microbiota intestinal, que abarca una amplia diversidad de microorganismos, establece una conexión bidireccional con el TDM a través del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro, la neuroinflamación y alteración de la función cerebral. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo, analizar la relación entre los problemas de equilibrio de los microorganismos en el intestino (fenómeno conocido como “disbiosis”) y el TDM. Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo que combinó análisis bibliográfico y descriptivo, priorizando fuentes primarias en psicología, neurociencia y microbiología. Se examinaron investigaciones en inglés y español desde 2019 hasta 2023 utilizando motores de búsqueda y bases de datos reconocidas. En este contexto, se observó que el uso de probióticos se ha vuelto cada vez más relevante como parte del tratamiento complementario para el TDM. Los probióticos, como Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 y la bacteria Roseburia intestinalis, ejercen un impacto positivo en la microbiota intestinal, integridad de la barrera hematoencefálica y producción de neurotransmisores. La revisión destaca el papel crucial de la microbiota intestinal en el TDM y la prometedora utilidad de los probióticos como tratamiento complementario. Esto sugiere nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas y subraya la importancia de futuras investigaciones para comprender mejor esta compleja interacción.

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) has gained relevance in recent years, as it is one of the main causes of disability worldwide and has a significant impact on the daily lives of those who experience it. The relationship between gut dysbiosis and MDD has emerged as a crucial component in the field of mental health. The gut microbiota, which encompasses a wide diversity of microorganisms, establishes a bidirectional connection with MDD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, neuroinflammation and alteration of brain function. The objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between problems with the balance of microorganisms in the intestine (a phenomenon known as “dysbiosis”) and MDD. A qualitative approach was adopted that combined bibliographic and descriptive analysis, prioritizing primary sources in psychology, neuroscience and microbiology. Research in English and Spanish from 2019 to 2023 was examined using recognized search engines and databases. In this context, it was observed that the use of probiotics has become increasingly relevant as part of complementary treatment for MDD. Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 and the bacteria Roseburia intestinalis, have a positive impact on the intestinal microbiota, blood-brain barrier integrity, and neurotransmitter production. The review highlights the crucial role of gut microbiota in MDD and the promising utility of probiotics as a complementary treatment. This suggests new therapeutic perspectives and underlines the importance of future research to better understand this complex interaction.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El propósito del artículo es describir la concepción sistémica que representa la lógica del proceso de formación de la competencia gestión personal del conocimiento microbiológico en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación Biología. Métodos: En la investigación la modelación permitió configurar la concepción sistémica del objeto. Además, el método sistémico-estructural-funcional fue utilizado para el análisis integral del objeto, al determinar estructura, funciones y relaciones jerárquicas entre los componentes del proceso. También se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico como: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo. Resultado: El aporte se vincula al proceso de formación de la competencia gestión personal del conocimiento microbiológico en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación Biología y se materializa a partir de las relaciones de coordinación y complementariedad que se establecen entre la aprehensión del conocimiento microbiológico, la movilización de métodos para la gestión personal del conocimiento microbiológico y su contextualización formativa. Conclusión: La concepción sistémica que representa la lógica de la gestión personal del conocimiento microbiológico puede favorecer la integralidad en el desempeño gestión personal del conocimiento microbiológico en correspondencia con la dinámica de los problemas de la profesión en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación Biología.

ABSTRACT Objective: This article aims at describing a systemic understanding that represents the logic of the process of educating information seeking and processing competencies in biology teacher trainees. Methods: Modeling makes possible to devise a model for competency-based education related to individual seeking and processing of microbiology information. The systemic-structural-functional method was used to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the researched object; that is to describe its structure, functions and hierarchical relationships of the constituent elements. Theoretical level methods such as: analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive were also used. Result: The contribution is linked to the process of educating information seeking and processing competencies for microbiology self-management. This may be accomplished by relating the processes of apprehending microbiological knowledge, mobilizing self-management information procedures and contextualizing competency-based education. Conclusion: The resulting systemic conception that represents the logic of personal management of microbiological knowledge may favor comprehensiveness in the performance of personal management of microbiological knowledge in correspondence with the dynamics of the problems of the profession in students of the Bachelor's Degree in Biology Education.

Resumen La interacción entre SARS-CoV-2 e infecciones invasivas por bacterias capsuladas (IIBC) continúa bajo estudio. Objetivos: comparar la incidencia de IIBC antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19, evaluar la incidencia de coinfección con COVID-19 y la letalidad. Estudio transversal de registros de un laboratorio centralizado de Microbiología, que asiste a una red de centros asistenciales con 713 camas de internación para adultos y pediátricos, expandida 20% durante la pandemia. Tres periodos evaluados: 1) Pre-pandemia: 1-Marzo-2019 al 29-Febrero-2020; 2) Primer año de Pandemia: 1-Marzo-2020 al 28-Febrero-2021; 3) Pandemia 2021: 1-Marzo-2021 al 31-Julio-2021. Análisis estadístico descriptivo: Se analizaron 56.502 muestras (96% hemocultivos) correspondientes a 27.224 pacientes. De estas, 54 muestras (de 54 pacientes) fueron positivas para bacterias capsuladas. La incidencia de IIBC fue 167,4, 32,6 y 50,4 por cada 100.000 muestras para los periodos 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente. Doce IIBC ocurrieron durante la pandemia: 10 Streptococcus pneumoniae y dos Haemophilus influenzae, siete de ellos corresponden a coinfección SARS-CoV-2/S. pneumoniae, con una incidencia de 5,68 por cada 10.000 internaciones por COVID 19 (0,056%). La letalidad de las IIBC fue de 31, 29 y 60% para los tres periodos, respectivamente, 3/7 coinfectados fallecieron (43%). La letalidad por enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI), sin COVID fue de 32,5%. Se evidenció una reducción significativa de la incidencia de IIBC luego del comienzo de la pandemia, coincidente con la implementación de las medidas sanitarias de contención de la pandemia. La incidencia de coinfección de SARS-CoV-2/S. pneumoniae fue baja y presentó mayor letalidad que las ENI sin COVID-19.

Abstract Interaction between severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and IIEB remains under investigation. Objective: to compare IIEB incidence before and during COVID-19 pandemic, and assess incidence of coinfection with COVID-19 and case fatality. A cross-sectional study was performed on data from a centralized microbiology laboratory serving a network of healthcare centers comprising 713 pediatric and adult inpatient beds, expanded by 20% during the pandemic. Three periods were evaluated: (1) pre-pandemic: March 1, 2019-February 29, 2020; (2) pandemic year 1: March 1, 2020-February 28, 2021; (3) pandemic year 2: March 1, 2021-July 31, 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. 56502 samples (96% blood cultures) from 27224 patients were analyzed. Of these, 54 samples (from 54 patients) were positive for encapsulated bacteria. IIEB incidence was: 167.4, 32.6, and 50.4 per 100000 samples for periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Twelve IIEB episodes occurred during the pandemic period: 10 Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 2 Haemophilus influenzae, of which 7 were SARS-CoV-2/S. pneumoniae coinfections, with an incidence of 5.68 per 10000 COVID-19-related hospitalizations (0.056%). IIEB case fatality was 31%, 29%, and 60% for each period, respectively, 3/7 patients with coinfection died (43%). Case fatality for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in patients without COVID-19, was 32.5%. Significant reduction in IIEB incidence was observed during the pandemic, coinciding with implementation of containment measures. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2/S. pneumoniae coinfection was low, with higher case fatality than IPD patients without COVID-19.

Abstract: Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a lung infection caused by the Cryptococcus yeast. It is rare in pediatrics, especially in immunocompetent children. The diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis can be challenging due to the low specificity of symptoms, low index of suspicion, and limited diagnostic resources. Objective: To describe a clinical case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent adolescent, detailing the diagnostic approach. Clinical Case: A 15-year-old patient, previously healthy, from a rural town, who consulted due to cough and a 1-month rib stitch pain, without fever or associated respiratory difficulty, with two images of condensation in the left lung on the chest x-ray. In the Computed Tomography, the images showed a nodular appearance. Due to suspicion of neoplastic pathology, a Positron Emission Tomography was performed, which showed hypermetabolic nodular lesions. The tomographic characteristics could correspond to fungal or granulomatous involvement. Considering the images and epidemiological risk factors such as rural origin and contact with bird droppings, the possibility of a mycosis was considered. A lung needle biopsy was performed under tomographic guidance. Cryptococcus neoformans was identified in the microbiology laboratory culture. The patient received treatment with itraconazole and fluconazole with good clinical and imaging response after 10 months of therapy and follow-up. Conclusion: In immunocompetent patients with a nonspecific clinical presentation, images can guide the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis, and an etiological search is essential to confirm it. In our case, the CT-guided needle biopsy was of great diagnostic utility.

Resumen: La criptococosis pulmonar es la infección pulmonar causada por el hongo Cryptococcus, infrecuente en pediatría especialmente en inmunocompetentes. El diagnóstico suele ser un desafío debido a la baja especificidad de los síntomas, bajo índice de sospecha y limitado conjunto de recursos diagnósticos. Objetivo: Describir un caso de criptococosis pulmonar en un adolescente inmunocompetente detallando el abordaje diagnóstico realizado. Caso Clínico: Paciente de 15 años, previamente sano, oriundo de una localidad rural, que consultó por tos y dolor en puntada de costado de un mes de evolución, sin fiebre ni dificultad respiratoria, con dos imágenes de condensación en base pulmonar izquierda en radiografía de tórax. La Tomografía Computada mostró que las imágenes tenían aspecto nodular. Por sospecha de patología neoplásica se completó estudio con Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones que evidenció lesiones nodulares hipermetabólicas. Las características tomográficas, podrían corresponder a compromiso fúngico o granulomatoso. Teniendo en cuenta las imágenes y los factores epidemiológicos de riesgo como el origen rural y contacto con deposiciones de aves, se consideró la posibilidad de micosis. Se realizó punción biopsia pulmonar bajo guía tomográfica. Se identificó Cryptococcus neoformans en el cultivo microbiológico. Recibió tratamiento con itraconazol y fluconazol con buena respuesta clínica y de las imágenes a 10 meses de terapia y seguimiento. Conclusión: En pacientes inmunocompetentes con una presentación clínica inespecífica, las imágenes pueden orientar el diagnóstico de criptococosis pulmonar, siendo la búsqueda etiológica fundamental para confirmarlo. En nuestro caso la punción biopsia guiada por tomografía fue de gran utilidad diagnóstica.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to the achievements of modern medicine and one of the most effective measures to counteract it is antimicrobial use optimization programs (AMS), in which the microbiology laboratory is one of the main components. The effective application of information technology in the processes is fundamental, but there is little information in Latin America on the development and articulation of technological tools to support AMSs. This consensus makes recommendations on the management of microbiological data for decision making. In Part I, recommendations on the use of a computerized microbiological data management system in clinical practice, data and reporting requirements in the microbiology laboratory, as well as the contents of the advanced quality management system in the laboratory are presented. In Part II, the information requirements for AMS management in intermediate, initial, and advanced stages by the laboratory and pharmacy are discussed; as well as the integration of the AMS team with the Infection Prevention and Control Committee and the information for AMS management at the management level.

Resumen La resistencia antimicrobiana es una amenaza para los logros de la medicina moderna y una de las medidas más efectivas para contrarrestarla son los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos (PROA), en el cual el laboratorio de microbiología es uno de los principales componentes. La aplicación efectiva de tecnología de la información en los procesos es fundamental, pero existe poca información en Latinoamérica sobre el desarrollo y la articulación de las herramientas tecnológicas para apoyar los PROA. Este consenso hace recomendaciones sobre la gestión de los datos microbiológicos para la toma de decisiones. En la Parte I, se presentan las recomendaciones en cuanto al uso de un sistema informatizado de gestión de datos microbiológicos en la práctica clínica, los requerimientos de datos y de reporte en el laboratorio de microbiología, y los contenidos del sistema de gestión de calidad avanzado en el laboratorio. En la Parte II, se discuten los requerimientos de información para la gestión de PROA en estadios intermedios, iniciales y avanzados por el laboratorio y la farmacia; así como la integración del equipo de PROA con el Comité de Prevención y Control de Infecciones y la información para la gestión de PROA a nivel gerencial.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to the achievements of modern medicine and one of the most effective measures to counteract it is antimicrobial use optimization programs (AMS), in which the microbiology laboratory is one of the main components. The effective application of information technology in the processes is fundamental, but there is little information in Latin America on the development and articulation of technological tools to support AMSs. This consensus makes recommendations on the management of microbiological data for decision making. In the first part, recommendations on the use of a computerized microbiological data management system in clinical practice, data, and reporting requirements in the microbiology laboratory, as well as the contents of the advanced quality management system in the laboratory are presented. In the second part, the information requirements for AMS management in intermediate, initial, and advanced stages by the laboratory and pharmacy are discussed; as well as the integration of the AMS team with the Infection Prevention and Control Committee and the information for AMS management at the management level.

Resumen La resistencia antimicrobiana es una amenaza para los logros de la medicina moderna y una de las medidas más efectivas para contrarrestarla son los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos (PROA), en los cuales el laboratorio de microbiología es uno de los principales componentes. La aplicación efectiva de tecnología de la información en los procesos es fundamental, pero existe poca información en Latinoamérica sobre el desarrollo y la articulación de las herramientas tecnológicas para apoyar los PROA. Este consenso, hace recomendaciones sobre la gestión de los datos microbiológicos para la toma de decisiones. En la Parte I, se presentan las recomendaciones en cuanto al uso de un sistema informatizado de gestión de datos microbiológicos en la práctica clínica, los requerimientos de datos y de reporte en el laboratorio de microbiología, así como y los contenidos del sistema de gestión de calidad avanzado en el laboratorio. En la Parte II, se discuten los requerimientos de información para la gestión de PROA en estadios intermedios, iniciales y avanzados por el laboratorio y la farmacia; así como la integración del equipo de PROA con el Comité de Prevención y Control de Infecciones y la información para la gestión de PROA a nivel gerencial.

ABSTRACT Introduction: at present, ozonated oils are used as a pharmaceutical method in the treatment of several diseases, among which are oral conditions with positive results after their application. Objective: to argue the importance of ozonated vegetable oils and their antimicrobial properties in the treatment of oral conditions. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out during the months of March and April 2023. The information was collected in the REDIB, SeCiMed, Scopus, MedLine, SciELO and LILACS databases, applying Semantic Scholar, BASE as search engines. and Google Scholar. Of the 53 articles retrieved, 20 were selected for the development of the research, according to the criteria established for their selection. Development: the regenerative and antibacterial mechanism of action of ozonated oils is given by direct oxidation, in which it acts by destroying the cell wall of bacteria, as well as the internal membrane of sporulated microorganisms through the oxidation of its components. In this line of ideas, it is highlighted that the mechanism of action of ozonated oils, in general, is associated in a similar way to the action produced by conventional antimicrobials. Conclusions: it was concluded that ozonated vegetable oils have an antimicrobial action, and their use in the therapy of stomatological diseases shows favorable results.

RESUMEN Introducción: en la actualidad, los aceites ozonizados se utilizan como método farmacéutico en el tratamiento de varias enfermedades, entre las cuales figuran las afecciones bucodentales con resultados positivos tras su aplicación. Objetivo: argumentar la importancia de los aceites vegetales ozonizados y sus propiedades antimicrobianas en el tratamiento de afecciones bucodentales. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica durante los meses de marzo y abril del 2023. La recolección de la información se efectuó en las bases de datos REDIB, SeCiMed, Scopus, MedLine, SciELO y LILACS, aplicando como motores de búsqueda Semantic Scholar, BASE y Google Académico. De los 53 artículos recuperados se seleccionaron 20 para el desarrollo de la investigación, según los criterios establecidos para su selección. Desarrollo: el mecanismo de acción regenerativo y antibacteriano de los aceites ozonizados están dados por la oxidación directa, en la cual actúa destruyendo la pared celular de las bacterias, así como la membrana interna de los microrganismos esporulados mediante la oxidación de sus componentes. En esta línea de ideas se destaca que el mecanismo de acción de los aceites ozonizados, de manera general, se asocia de forma semejante a la acción producida por los antimicrobianos convencionales. Conclusiones: se logró concluir que, los aceites vegetales ozonizados tienen una acción antimicrobiana, y su empleo en la terapia de las enfermedades estomatológicas evidencia resultados favorables.

ABSTRACT: Feathers are by-products that are generated in significant quantities by the poultry industry. Microbial bioconversion has been investigated as a promising strategy for the processing of feathers, since, along with the degradation of these keratinous materials, bioprocessing can result in value-added products. Thus, from the perspective of industrial microbiology, chicken feathers can be considered a raw material for obtaining microbial proteases. Within this context, this research investigated and characterized the production of extracellular proteases by Aspergillus sp., isolated from soil of the Amazon Rainforest. The enzymatic production was evaluated using several growth substrates (whole feathers, feather meal, human hair, casein, gelatin, peptone and chicken beaks). With highest enzyme production was obtained the feather meal (FM) and peptone. After 48 h of fermentation, FM degradation was 15.82%. The crude protease showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 37 °C and enzymatic activity was enhanced with the addition of 1 and 5 mM of CaCl2, MnSO4, KCl, MgSO4 and CuSO4. The detergents Tween 20 and Triton x-100, at concentrations 0.5 and 1% (v/v), tended to stimulate activity. The presence of 0.5 and 1% (v/v) of organic solvents (methanol, acetone, butanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol and DMSO), maintained the enzymatic activity. β-mercaptoethanolstimulated proteolytic activity in the enzymatic assays. This study suggested new direction for waste management with industrial applications giving rise to green technology for sustainable development. ABSTRACT byproducts products industry since materials valueadded value added Thus microbiology context sp sp. Rainforest whole hair casein gelatin beaks. beaks . beaks) (FM 4 fermentation 1582 15 82 15.82% 50 0 5. 3 C CaCl2 CaCl MnSO4 MnSO KCl MgSO CuSO4 CuSO 2 x100, x100 x 100, 100 x-100 05 0. v/v, vv v/v , v (v/v methanol, methanol (methanol acetone butanol acetonitrile DMSO, DMSO DMSO) βmercaptoethanolstimulated β mercaptoethanolstimulated assays development 158 8 15.82 x10 10 x-10 15.8 x1 x-1 15. x-

RESUMO: As penas são subprodutos que são gerados em quantidades significativas pela indústria avícola. A bioconversão microbiana tem sido investigada como uma estratégia promissora para o processamento de penas, uma vez que, juntamente com a degradação desses materiais queratinosos, o bioprocessamento pode resultar em produtos de valor agregado. Assim, do ponto de vista da microbiologia industrial, as penas de frango podem ser consideradas matéria-prima para a obtenção de proteases microbianas. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar e caracterizar a produção de proteases extracelulares por Aspergillus sp., isolados de solo da floresta Amazônica. A produção enzimática foi avaliada utilizando diversos substratos de crescimento (penas inteiras, farinha de penas, cabelo humano, caseína, gelatina, peptona e bicos de frango). Com maior produção de enzima foi obtida a farinha de penas (FP) e peptona. Após 48 h de fermentação, a degradação da FP foi de 15.82%. A protease bruta mostrou atividade ótima em pH 5.0 e 37 0C e a atividade enzimática foi aumentada com a adição de 1 e 5 mM de CaCl2, MnSO4, KCl, MgSO4 e CuSO4. Os detergentes Tween 20 e Triton x-100, nas concentrações 0.5 e 1% (v/v), tenderam a estimular a atividade. A presença de 0.5 e 1% (v/v) dos solventes orgânicos (metanol, acetona, butanol, acetonitrila, isopropanol e DMSO), mantiveram a atividade enzimática. O β-mercaptoetanol estimulou a atividade proteolítica nos ensaios enzimáticos. Este estudo sugere uma nova direção para a gestão de resíduos com aplicações industriais dando origem à tecnologia verde para o desenvolvimento sustentável. RESUMO avícola queratinosos agregado Assim industrial matériaprima matéria prima microbianas contexto sp sp. Amazônica inteiras humano caseína gelatina frango. . frango) (FP 4 fermentação 1582 15 82 15.82% 50 0 5. 3 C CaCl2 CaCl MnSO4 MnSO KCl MgSO CuSO4 CuSO 2 x100, x100 x 100, 100 x-100 05 0. v/v, vv v/v , v (v/v metanol, metanol (metanol acetona butanol acetonitrila DMSO, DMSO DMSO) βmercaptoetanol β mercaptoetanol enzimáticos sustentável 158 8 15.82 x10 10 x-10 15.8 x1 x-1 15. x-

ABSTRACT Purpose: To study epidemiological data, laboratory results, and risk factors associated with microbial keratitis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of corneal sample cultures from patients with microbial keratitis from January 2010 to December 2019. Results were analyzed according to the etiological diagnosis of bacterial, mycotic, or parasitic infection and were associated with related risk factors. Results: We analyzed 4810 corneal samples from 4047 patients (mean age 47.79 ± 20.68 years; male 53.27%). The prevalence of bacterial, fungal, and Acanthamoeba infections were 69.80%, 7.31%, and 3.51%, respectively. The most frequently isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (45.14%), S. aureus (10.02%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.80%), and Corynebacterium spp. (6.21%). Among CoNS, the main agent was S. epidermidis (n=665). For mycotic keratitis, Fusarium spp. (35.42%) and Candida parapsilosis (16.07%) were the most common agents among filamentous and yeasts isolates, respectively. Contact lens use was associated with a positive culture for Acanthamoeba spp. (OR = 19.04; p < 0.001) and Pseudomonas spp. (OR = 3.20; p < 0.001). Previous ocular trauma was associated with positive fungal cultures (OR = 1.80; p = 0.007), while older age was associated with positive bacterial culture (OR = 1.76; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a higher positivity of corneal sample cultures for bacteria. Among those, CoNS was the most frequently identified, with S. epidermidis as the main agent. In fungal keratitis, Fusarium spp. was the most commonly isolated. Contact lens wearers had higher risks of positive cultures for Acanthamoeba spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Ocular trauma increased the risk of fungal infection, while older age increased the risk of bacterial infection. Purpose data results Methods 201 2019 481 404 mean 4779 47 79 47.7 2068 20 68 20.6 years 53.27%. 5327 53.27% . 53 27 53.27%) 6980 69 80 69.80% 731 7 31 7.31% 351 3 51 3.51% respectively coagulasenegative coagulase negative (CoNS 45.14%, 4514 45.14% , 45 14 (45.14%) S 10.02%, 1002 10.02% 10 02 (10.02%) spp 8.80%, 880 8.80% 8 (8.80%) 6.21%. 621 6.21% 6 21 (6.21%) n=665. n665 n n=665 665 (n=665) 35.42% 3542 35 42 (35.42% 16.07% 1607 16 07 (16.07% isolates OR 19.04 1904 19 04 0.001 0001 0 001 3.20 320 0.001. 1.80 180 1 0.007, 0007 0.007 007 0.007) 1.76 176 76 Conclusions those identified 48 40 477 4 47. 206 2 20. 532 53.27 5 698 69.80 73 7.31 3.51 451 45.14 (45.14% 100 10.02 (10.02% 88 8.80 (8.80% 62 6.21 (6.21% n66 n=66 66 (n=665 35.42 354 (35.42 16.07 160 (16.07 19.0 190 0.00 000 00 3.2 32 1.8 18 1.7 17 53.2 69.8 7.3 3.5 45.1 (45.14 10.0 (10.02 8.8 (8.80 6.2 (6.21 n6 n=6 (n=66 35.4 (35.4 16.0 (16.0 19. 0.0 3. 1. 53. 69. 7. 45. (45.1 10. (10.0 8. (8.8 6. (6.2 n= (n=6 35. (35. 16. (16. 0. (45. (10. (8. (6. (n= (35 (16 (45 (10 (8 (6 (n (3 (1 (4 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar os dados epidemiológicos, resultados laboratoriais e fatores de risco associados às ceratites infecciosas. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo das amostras de cultura de córnea em pacientes com ceratites infecciosas entre Janeiro/2010 a Dezembro/2019. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com o diagnóstico etiológico de infecção bacteriana, fúngica ou parasitária e correlacionado com os fatores de risco relacionados. Resultados: Quatro mil, oitocentas e dez amostras corneanas de 4047 pacientes (média de idade de 47,79 ± 20,68 anos; homens em sua maioria (53,7%) foram incluídas. A prevalência de infecções por bactéria, fungo e Acanthamoeba foram de 69.80%, 7,31%, and 3,51%, respectivamente. A maioria das bactérias mais frequentemente isoladas foram Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo (CoNS) (45,14%), S. aureus (10,02%), Pseudomonas spp. (8,80%), e Corynebacterium spp. (6,21%). Dentre CoNS, o principal agente foi S. epidermidis (n = 665). Nas ceratites fúngicas, Fusarium spp. (35,42%) e Candida parapsilosis (16,07%) foram os agentes mais comuns entre os filamentosos e leveduriformes, respectivamente. O uso de lentes de contato foi associado à cultura positiva para Acanthamoeba spp. (OR = 19,04; p < 0,001) e Pseudomonas spp (OR = 3,20; p < 0,001). Trauma ocular prévio foi associado a culturas positivas para fungo (OR = 1,80; p = 0,007), e idade avançada foi associada a culturas positivas para bactéria (OR = 1,76; p = 0,001). Conclusões: Nossos achados demonstraram uma maior positividade para bactérias em amostras de cultura corneana. Dentre estas, CoNS foi mais frequentemente identificado, sendo S. epidermidis o principal agente. Nas ceratites fúngicas, Fusarium spp. Foi o mais comumente isolado. O risco de positividade para Acanthamoeba spp. e Pseudomonas spp. foi maior em usuários de lentes de contato. Trauma ocular aumentou o risco de cultura positiva para fungo, ao passo que idade mais avançada aumentou o risco de infecção bacteriana. Objetivo epidemiológicos Métodos Janeiro2010 Janeiro 2010 Janeiro/201 Dezembro2019 Dezembro 2019 Dezembro/2019 bacteriana relacionados Resultados mil 404 média 4779 47 79 47,7 2068 20 68 20,6 anos 53,7% 537 53 7 (53,7% incluídas 6980 69 80 69.80% 731 31 7,31% 351 3 51 3,51% respectivamente coagulasenegativo coagulase negativo (CoNS 45,14%, 4514 45,14% , 45 14 (45,14%) S 10,02%, 1002 10,02% 10 02 (10,02%) 8,80%, 880 8,80% 8 (8,80%) 6,21%. 621 6,21% . 6 21 (6,21%) n 665. 665 665) fúngicas 35,42% 3542 35 42 (35,42% 16,07% 1607 16 07 (16,07% leveduriformes OR 19,04 1904 19 04 0,001 0001 0 001 3,20 320 0,001. 1,80 180 1 0,007, 0007 0,007 007 0,007) 1,76 176 76 Conclusões corneana estas identificado isolado Janeiro201 201 Janeiro/20 Dezembro201 Dezembro/201 40 477 4 47, 206 2 20, 53,7 5 (53,7 698 69.80 73 7,31 3,51 451 45,14 (45,14% 100 10,02 (10,02% 88 8,80 (8,80% 62 6,21 (6,21% 66 35,42 354 (35,42 16,07 160 (16,07 19,0 190 0,00 000 00 3,2 32 1,8 18 1,7 17 Janeiro20 Janeiro/2 Dezembro20 Dezembro/20 53, (53, 69.8 7,3 3,5 45,1 (45,14 10,0 (10,02 8,8 (8,80 6,2 (6,21 35,4 (35,4 16,0 (16,0 19, 0,0 3, 1, Janeiro2 Janeiro/ Dezembro2 Dezembro/2 (53 69. 7, 45, (45,1 10, (10,0 8, (8,8 6, (6,2 35, (35, 16, (16, 0, Dezembro/ (5 (45, (10, (8, (6, (35 (16 ( (45 (10 (8 (6 (3 (1 (4

ABSTRACT A 33-year-old male presented with unilateral subacute infectious keratitis 4 weeks after surgery. Corneal inflammation was resistant to standard topical antibiotic regimens. During diagnostic flap lifting and sampling, the corneal flap melted and separated. Through flap lifting, corneal scraping, microbiological diagnosis of atypical mycobacteria, and treatment with topical fortified amikacin, clarithromycin, and systemic clarithromycin, clinical improvement was achieved. 33yearold yearold 33 year old surgery regimens sampling separated scraping mycobacteria amikacin clarithromycin achieved 3

RESUMO Paciente do sexo masculino, 33 anos, apresentou ceratite infecciosa subaguda unilateral 4 semanas após a cirurgia. A inflamação da córnea foi resistente aos regimes de antibióticos tópicos padrão. A aba da córnea foi derretida e seccionada durante o levantamento e amostragem para diagnóstico. A melhora clínica só foi alcançada após levantamento do retalho, raspagem e diagnóstico microbiológico de micobactérias atípicas e tratamento com amicacina fortificada tópica, claritromicina e claritromicina sistêmica. masculino 3 anos cirurgia padrão retalho tópica sistêmica

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1,024 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen. antiadherent anti adherent foodborne borne (MIC MBC. . (MBC) addition E tested 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associations antibiotics Ceftriaxone Furthermore 012 0 12 0.12 digluconate summary origin therefore indepth depth studies pathogen (MBC 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.1 1, 0.

Resumo O presente estudo buscou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano e antiaderente do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata frente às cepas de veiculação alimentar de Escherichia coli. O estudo foi realizado usando a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Além disso, a técnica de difusão em disco foi usada para avaliar a associação do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata com antimicrobianos sintéticos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizada. Os resultados revelaram que E. radiata apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra as cepas de E. coli testadas, com valores de CIM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL e valores de CBM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1,024 μg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o óleo de E. radiata exibiu efeito sinérgico para alguns antibióticos, sobretudo a Ceftriaxona, apresentando maior interferência do óleo essencial. Além disso, foi eficaz na inibição a aderência das cepas bacterianas de E. coli, mostrando um efeito antibiofilme mais significativo que o agente antibacteriano digluconato de clorexidina a 0.12%. Em resumo, o óleo essencial de E. radiata apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra cepas de E. coli de origem alimentar, podendo assim, mediante estudos aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esse patógeno. (CIM CBM. . (CBM) disso CIMA (CIMA realizada E testadas 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associações observouse observou se antibióticos Ceftriaxona 012 0 12 0.12% resumo assim aprofundados patógeno (CBM 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.12 1, 0.1 0.

ABSTRACT: The objective was to analyze Sporophila nigricollis and Sporophila caerulescens in terms of body conditions, parasitological, bacteriological, external biometric measurements, and histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract. We used 115 individuals apprehended from 2020 to 2021 and sent to the Wild Animal Triage Center, Paraíba, Brazil. Concerning weight, S. nigricollis, females and males presented 9.36±1.36g and 9.70±1.39g, and S. caerulescens with 10.5±0.70g and 11.75±1.28g, being the second heaviest. The body condition in 69.62% of S. nigricollis and 62.50% of S. caerulescens was good. In the fecal microbiological examination, 40.25% of S. nigricollis and 40% of S. caerulescens were positive for Isospora sp. Dispharynx sp. was reported for the first time in S. nigricollis and S. caerulescens. In fecal bacteriology, 95.65% of S. nigricollis were identified with Gram-positive cocci and 73.91% with Gram-positive bacilli. Forty-one animals died and were placed under refrigeration for 48 hours; of these, 31.16% of S. nigricollis and 37.50% of S. caerulescens presented inadequate body conditions. 19.51% had gastrointestinal tract engorgement with hemorrhagic points, and 14.63% had hepatic alteration due to yellowish coloration. The study contributes with subsidies for the taxonomic elucidation of the genus Sporophila, in addition to the knowledge of the conditions in which birds are found in sorting centers, once the destination of most of the seized animals is the release, thus, a potential source of pathogens to the natural environment. ABSTRACT parasitological bacteriological measurements 11 202 Center Paraíba Brazil weight S 936136g g 9 36 1 36g 970139g 70 39g 9.70±1.39g 105070g 10 5 0 70g 1175128g 75 28g 11.75±1.28g heaviest 6962 69 62 69.62 6250 50 62.50 good examination 4025 40 25 40.25 sp bacteriology 9565 95 65 95.65 Grampositive Gram 7391 73 91 73.91 bacilli Fortyone Forty one 4 hours these 3116 31 16 31.16 3750 37 37.50 1951 19 51 19.51 points 1463 14 63 14.63 coloration centers release thus environment 20 3 7 696 6 69.6 625 62.5 402 2 40.2 956 95.6 739 73.9 311 31.1 375 37.5 195 19.5 146 14.6 69. 62. 40. 95. 73. 31. 37. 19. 14.

RESUMO: O objetivo foi analisar Sporophila nigricollis e Sporophila caerulescens quanto às condições corporais, parasitológicas, bacteriológicas, medidas biométricas externas e análise histológica do trato gastrointestinal. Foram utilizados 115 indivíduos apreendidos entre 2020 e 2021 e encaminhados ao Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Paraíba, Brasil. Quanto ao peso, S. nigricollis, fêmeas e machos apresentaram, 9,36±1,36g e 9,70±1,39g, e S. caerulescens com 10,5±0,70g e 11,75±1,28g, sendo o segundo mais pesado. A condição corporal em 69,62% de S. nigricollis e 62,50% de S. caerulescens foi boa. No exame microbiológico fecal, 40,25% de S. nigricollis e 40% de S. caerulescens foram positivos para Isospora sp. Dispharynx sp. foi relatada pela primeira vez em S. nigricollis e S. caerulescens. Na bacteriologia fecal, 95,65% dos S. nigricollis foram identificados com cocos Gram-positivos e 73,91% com bacilos Gram-positivos. Quarenta e um animais morreram e foram colocados sob refrigeração por 48 horas; destes, 31,16% de S. nigricollis e 37,50% de S. caerulescens apresentaram condições corporais inadequadas. 19,51% apresentaram ingurgitamento do trato gastrointestinal com pontos hemorrágicos e 14,63% alteração hepática devido à coloração amarelada. O estudo contribui com subsídios para a elucidação taxonômica do gênero Sporophila, além do conhecimento das condições em que as aves se encontram nos centros de triagem, uma vez que a maior parte dos animais apreendidos tem como destino a soltura, sendo assim, uma potencial fonte de patógenos para o ambiente natural. RESUMO parasitológicas bacteriológicas 11 202 Silvestres Paraíba Brasil peso S 936136g g 9 36 1 36g 970139g 70 39g 9,70±1,39g 105070g 10 5 0 70g 1175128g 75 28g 11,75±1,28g pesado 6962 69 62 69,62 6250 50 62,50 boa fecal 4025 40 25 40,25 sp 9565 95 65 95,65 Grampositivos Gram 7391 73 91 73,91 Grampositivos. positivos. 4 horas destes 3116 31 16 31,16 3750 37 37,50 inadequadas 1951 19 51 19,51 1463 14 63 14,63 amarelada triagem soltura assim natural 20 3 7 696 6 69,6 625 62,5 402 2 40,2 956 95,6 739 73,9 311 31,1 375 37,5 195 19,5 146 14,6 69, 62, 40, 95, 73, 31, 37, 19, 14,

ABSTRACT The research evaluated the isolation, identification, and prospection of species-specific beneficial bacteria in fish farming of ornamental fish Betta splendens. For this, the microbiological material was obtained from the intestinal tract of healthy specimens, with bacterial growth in selective culture medium Man Rogosa Sharped (MRS). Sixteen strains were isolated based on the response of in vitro tests of catalase, Gram, nilin blue, hemolytic activity and antibiogram to pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterococcus durans and Escherichia coli. Of the isolated strains C1BS and C5BS, they showed the best responses, which were later identified by the Maldi-TOF method as Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium. Due to the performance of lactic acid strains in in vitro tests and the bibliographic record of their performance as probiotics, the species have great potential for species-specific use in the ornamental production of Betta splendens. isolation identification speciesspecific specific splendens this specimens MRS. MRS . (MRS) catalase Gram blue hydrophila aeroginosa coli CBS C BS C5BS responses MaldiTOF Maldi TOF faecium probiotics (MRS

RESUMO A pesquisa avaliou o isolamento, a identificação e a prospecção de bactérias benéficas espécie-específico na piscicultura do peixe ornamental Betta splendens. Para isso, o material microbiológico foi obtido do trato intestinal de espécimes sadios, com crescimento bacteriano em meio de cultura seletivo Man Rogosa Sharped (MRS). Dezesseis cepas foram isoladas com base na resposta dos testes in vitro de catalase, Gram, azul de anilina, atividade hemolítica e antibiograma aos patógenos Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterococcus durans e Escherichia coli. Das cepas isoladas, C1BS e C5BS foram as que apresentaram melhores respostas, as quais posteriormente foram identificadas, pelo método Maldi-TOF, como Lactobacillus plantarum e Enterococcus faecium. Devido ao registro bibliográfico e ao desempenho das cepas ácido lácticas nos testes in vitro, essas apresentam um grande potencial para uso probiótico espécie-específico na produção ornamental de Betta splendens. isolamento espécieespecífico espécie específico splendens isso sadios MRS. MRS . (MRS) catalase Gram anilina hydrophila aeroginosa coli CBS C BS respostas identificadas MaldiTOF, MaldiTOF Maldi TOF, TOF Maldi-TOF faecium (MRS

ABSTRACT: The present study assessed the influence of the preceding crop (crotalaria or corn) on the bromatological, digestibility and microbiological aspects of the EMBRAPA 139 black oat hay (Avena strigosa) cultivar. A randomized block design was used, with subplots divided according to time, whereby the preceding crop (crotalaria or corn) was allocated to the main plot and hay storage times (baling, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage) to the subplots, with five repetitions. Crotalaria as predecessor resulted in lower indigestible fiber and higher protein contents in black oat hay, both in acid detergent, as well as higher pH. Corn as the preceding crop provided better hay digestibility due to lower neutral detergent insoluble protein content and higher in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The preceding crop did not significantly affect the drying time of forage and the microorganism population. ABSTRACT crotalaria corn bromatological 13 Avena strigosa cultivar used baling, baling (baling 30 6 9 repetitions pH population 1 3

RESUMO: O presente estudo visou avaliar a influência da cultura antecessora (crotalária ou milho) sob o feno de aveia preta (Avena strigosa) cultivar EMBRAPA 139, nos aspectos bromatológicos, de digestibilidade e microbiológicos. O delineamento experimental foi realizado em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, sendo alocados na parcela principal a cultura antecessora (crotalária ou milho), e nas sub parcelas, o período de armazenamento do feno (enfardamento, 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento), com cinco repetições. A presença da crotalária como cultivo antecessor proporcionou ao feno de aveia preta menores teores de proteína indigestível e maiores teores de fibra, ambas em detergente ácido, bem como pH mais elevado. O feno de aveia preta com o milho como cultivo antecessor proporcionou melhores resultados de digestibilidade na forma de feno, pois menores teores de proteína indigestível em detergente neutro e maior digestibilidade in vitro da fibra em detergente neutro. Já para o período de desidratação da forragem e população de microrganismos, o cultivo antecessor não interferiu significativamente. RESUMO Avena strigosa 139 bromatológicos microbiológicos casualizados tempo milho, , enfardamento, enfardamento (enfardamento 30 6 9 armazenamento, armazenamento) repetições ácido elevado microrganismos significativamente 13 3 1