ABSTRACT This paper aims to examine the unique features of artisan enterprises in Ecuador and how cooperation programs and national peculiarities have influenced their development. Through descriptive and conceptual analysis, we can better understand how these organizations have evolved within the historical and economic context of rural regions in Ecuador. The primary findings suggest that poverty alleviation and control measures have significantly impacted the definition of artisan enterprises in Ecuador, which now closely resemble micro- enterprises. Development cooperation efforts in Ecuador have prioritized preserving artisanal production rather than replacing it with industrial production, promoting micro-enterprises growth as artisanal workshops.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar las características únicas de las empresas artesanales en Ecuador y cómo los programas de cooperación y las peculiaridades nacionales han influido en su desarrollo. A través del análisis descriptivo y conceptual, podemos comprender mejor cómo han evolucionado estas organizaciones dentro del contexto histórico y económico de las regiones rurales del Ecuador. Los principales hallazgos sugieren que las medidas de control y alivio de la pobreza han impactado significativamente la definición de empresas artesanales en Ecuador, que ahora se parecen mucho a las microempresas. Los esfuerzos de cooperación al desarrollo en Ecuador han priorizado preservar la producción artesanal en lugar de reemplazarla con producción industrial, promoviendo el crecimiento de microempresas como talleres artesanales.

RESUMEN Introducción: En el presente artículo, abordamos los desafíos las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas desde una óptica integral, basada en el concepto de la triple restricción, que comprende los factores de tiempo, costo y alcance, considerando las diferentes perspectivas plasmadas en la revisión de literatura, que reconoce los costos, voluntades y capacidades de gestión como limitaciones en materia de Seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Objetivo: Analizar las restricciones de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en la gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo desde la triple restricción de proyectos. Método: Se desarrolla desde la perspectiva cuantitativa no experimental, con un análisis descriptivo porcentual a 63 empresas vinculadas al consultorio itinerante en seguridad y salud en el trabajo, con 10 o menos trabajadores. Resultados: Los resultados destacan que adicional a las limitaciones expresadas por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas enfrentan limitaciones relacionadas con el compromiso de la dirección y la falta de gestión adecuada del talento humano para promover una cultura de prevención y valorar la seguridad y salud en el trabajo como un aspecto integrado en la operación de la empresa. Conclusión: Más allá del cumplimiento documental se sugiere el intercambio de mejores prácticas entre empresas y el uso de tecnología para optimizar recursos y reducir costos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In this article, we address the challenges faced by micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises from a comprehensive perspective, based on the concept of the triple constraint, which encompasses the factors of time, cost, and scope. This analysis considers various perspectives outlined in the literature review, recognizing costs, will, and management capabilities as limitations in the field of Occupational Health and Safety. Objective: To analyze the constraints of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in Occupational Health and Safety management from the perspective of the triple constraint of projects. Methods: Methodologically, it is developed from the quantitative and non-experimental perspective, with a detailed percentage analysis applied to 63 companies that are attached to an itinerant office regarding safety and health at work; also, it was carried out and put in an application to 10 or less workers. Results: The results highlight that in addition to the mentioned limitations by International Labour Organization, small and medium enterprise face limitations that are related to the commitment shown by the management and the lack of adequate administration by the human talent to promote a caring culture and value Workplace Safety and Health as a comprehensive aspect when talking about the company’s guidance and operation. Conclusions: beyond documentation procedures, it is suggested the exchange of better practice between companies and the use of technology in order to enhance resources and reduce expenses.

Resumen El presente artículo plantea supuestos sobre aquellos factores sociales, culturales, personales y psicológicos que influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor y que afectan al desarrollo empresarial de las micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas en el contexto ecuatoriano. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los datos que han sido generados e investigados estadísticamente por otros autores en estos últimos cinco años (2019-2023) sobre aquellos factores que influyen en las decisiones de compra del consumidor ecuatoriano. A partir de los hallazgos más relevantes se logró identificar y abordar 17 variables que actúan en la decisión de compra de un individuo que pueden generar un efecto de ruptura comportamental en el consumidor y que pueden afectar negativamente al desarrollo empresarial. Se concluye que, el consumidor posee decisiones de compra que son prioritarios que están relacionados con la educación, salud y alimentación frente a compras relacionados con productos de conveniencia.

Abstract This article aims to expose assumptions of those social, cultural, personal, and psychological factors that influences at consumer behavior and affecting business development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Ecuadorian context. For this, the linear cause-effect relationships generated between the consumer and the company were considered. A bibliographic review was carried out of the data that have been generated and statistically investigated by other authors in the last five years (2019-2023), on those factors that influence the purchasing decisions of the Ecuadorian consumer. As a result, it was possible to evaluate, independently, 17 variables that act on the purchase decision of an individual that if not contemplated in time they can generate a behavioral breakdown effect on the consumer, negatively affecting business development. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that, the consumer has priority purchasing decisions that are related to education, health and food versus purchases related to convenience products.

Resumen La composición societaria y económica de las empresas activas longevas (mayores a 25 años) dentro de la Zona 8 del ordenamiento territorial el Ecuador al año 2022 es diversa y compleja. Para analizar esta dinámica se aplica un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal con base inductiva y cuantitativa a través de la recopilación documental en bases de datos de carácter oficial. Una vez analizadas 4.449 organizaciones, la investigación arroja que tan solo una logra superar el siglo de existencia y que el tamaño más representativo corresponde a microempresas, lo que da cuenta del bajo nivel de crecimiento no solo de sus ingresos totales sino también de su estructura organizacional.

Abstract The corporate and economic composition of long-lived active companies (over 25 years) within Zone 8 of Ecuador's territorial ordering by the year 2022 is diverse and complex. To analyze this dynamic, a descriptive cross-sectional study with an inductive and quantitative basis is applied through documentary collection in official databases. After analyzing 4,449 companies, the research shows that only one of them manages to exceed a century of existence and that the most representative size corresponds to micro-enterprises, which accounts for the low level of growth not only of their total income but also of their organizational structure.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar qué enfoque de innovación, proactivo o reactivo, tiene mejores resultados en la competitividad de las micro y pequeñas empresas. Como metodología se analizaron dos programas de innovación en Perú (Tacna Innova) y Colombia (Macondo Lab) cada uno con un enfoque diferente: reactivo, enfocado en la resolución de problemas y proactivo, basado en ventajas oportunistas. Ambos planteamientos de innovación tienen ventajas y desventajas. Mientras el enfoque proactivo puede generar anticipación competitiva y abrir nuevos mercados, demanda una inversión más significativa en investigación y desarrollo. Por otro lado, el enfoque reactivo puede ser rentable a corto plazo, pero limitar la capacidad de innovación a largo plazo. Como conclusión la elección de la orientación adecuada depende de la estrategia, objetivos y recursos de cada empresa. Aquellas que buscan un crecimiento sostenible deben considerar la posibilidad de integrar ambos enfoques.

Abstract This research aims to determine which approach to innovation, proactive or reactive, yields better results in the competitiveness of micro and small enterprises. The methodology involved the analysis of two innovation programs in Peru (Tacna Innova) and Colombia (Macondo Lab), each with a different focus: reactive, centered on problem-solving, and proactive, based on opportunistic advantages. Both innovation approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. While the proactive approach can generate competitive anticipation and open up new markets, it demands a more significant investment in research and development. On the other hand, the reactive approach may be profitable in the short term but could limit long-term innovation capability. In conclusion, the choice of the appropriate orientation depends on the strategy, objectives and resources of each company. Those aiming for sustainable growth should consider integrating both approaches.

Resumen En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada acerca de la aplicación de la logística inversa en el sector textil de la ciudad de Otavalo con el fin de que las microempresas tengan la posibilidad de reciclar los desechos para luego proceder a una nueva elaboración de un nuevo producto. Por tal motivo, es necesario que se desarrolle el proceso de logística inversa y se tomen decisiones que beneficiarán al medio ambiente y a la sociedad otavaleña. Para el desarrollo de este estudio, inicialmente se realizó un estudio de la literatura que comprendió las definiciones y los tipos de logística inversa, tanto bajo el método cualitativo como el cuantitativo, que permitió estudiar el sector microempresarial textilero por medio de encuestas. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron resultados detallados de productos, materias primas y desechos, con el único propósito de dar el giro que tenían los desechos como destino final el vertedero generando un efecto negativo para el medio ambiente. Con todos los resultados, se propone mejorar los procesos internos y externos de la selección de residuos textiles, con el apoyo de responsabilidad compartida de los stakeholders, como el Gobierno, la Sociedad Civil y las Empresas Públicas, forjando la concientización de la aplicación de la logística inversa en el proceso de planificación, implantación, control y reducción de tiempos mediante el modelo SCOR, buscando la eficiencia y eficacia dentro de las microempresas para obtener al final el retorno de estos residuos para un nuevo producto.

Abstract This article shows the results of the research carried out on the application of reverse logistics in the textile sector of the city of Otavalo, for micro-enterprises to have the possibility of recycling waste and then proceed to a new development of a new product. For this reason, it is necessary to develop the reverse logistics process and make decisions that will benefit the environment of Otavalo City. To develop this study, It was necessary to read initially the literature such asdefinitions, and types of reverse logistics, likewise under the qualitative and quantitative method, which allowed to study of the textile microenterprise sector through surveys. Later detailed results of products, raw materials, and waste were obtained with the sole purpose of turning the waste into a final destination in the landfill generating a negative effect on the environment. With all the results, it is proposed to improve the internal and external processes of the selection of textile waste, with the support of shared responsibility of stakeholders, such as the Government, Civil Society, and Public Companies, forging awareness of the application of reverse logistics in the process of planning, implementation, control and time reduction through the SCOR model, seeking efficiency and effectiveness within micro-enterprises to finally obtain , the return of those waste for a new product

Abstract The department of Ayacucho, Peru, is among the departments with the highest number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) dedicated to handicrafts. It is also a region with high productive units and a significant portion of the economically active population being informal. This leads to tax evasion by companies and constrains both the local and national economy. The aim of this study is to understand the tax effects on artisanal SMEs. The methodology is qualitative, descriptive, and explanatory, and follows the PRISMA statement. The databases consulted for the review were SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Dialnet, and Redalyc. The results yielded 21 investigations, including scientific articles, reviews, and theses. The study concludes that tax collection not only improves the local and national economy but also provides SMEs with facilities and opportunities for international market growth. However, tax evasion and informality are due to the entrepreneurs' lack of knowledge about the advantages of formalization, the lack of distribution by the Peruvian state, the cumbersome bureaucratic procedures involved in formalization, and the illusory perspective that evading taxes generates greater profitability in the company.

Resumen El departamento de Ayacucho, Perú, se encuentra entre los departamentos con mayor cantidad de Mypes dedicadas a las artesanías. También es una región con elevadas unidades productivas y población económicamente activa informal, generando la evasión de impuestos por parte de las empresas y el constreñimiento de la economía local y nacional. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los efectos tributarios de las Mypes artesanales. La metodología es cualitativa, descriptiva y explicativa, siguiendo la declaración PRISMA. Las bases de datos consultadas para la revisión fueron SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Dialnet y Redalyc. Los resultados dieron 21 investigaciones, entre artículos científicos, revisiones y tesis. Se concluye que la tributación de impuestos no solo mejora la economía local y nacional, sino que las Mypes obtienen facilidades y oportunidades de crecimiento en el mercado internacional. Sin embargo, la evasión tributaria e informalidad están sujetas al desconocimiento de los empresarios sobre las ventajas de la formalización, la falta de distribución por parte del Estado peruano, los engorrosos trámites burocráticos que implican la formalización y la ilusoria perspectiva de que al evadir impuestos se genera mayor rentabilidad en la empresa.

ABSTRACT This paper offers a quantitative explanation of the employment dynamics in the technology-based sectors and companies (tbs) of the network of Central-Northeast cities of Mexico (T-MEC network). The research questions are: Where, how much, in what tbs, and why did employment change in the T-MEC network, in its nodes, and its micro spaces, between 2015 and 2020? The method was the Spatial Shift-Share Analysis. It explains the performance of tbs employment as a multi-scale space-sector system. Medium cities are more efficient in producing tbs jobs than cities with higher populations and tbs employment, which shows the economic strength. The network depends on the Electronic Sector and manufacture of vehicular equipment. If the sector fails, the network collapses. The paper reveals which region, city and municipality offers greater/less competitive advantages, to what type of companies by sector and activity. It suggests some policy lines to leverage the network.

RESUMEN Explicamos cuantitativamente la dinámica del empleo en sectores y empresas de base tecnológica (SBT) de la Red de ciudades Centro-Noreste de México. Las preguntas de investigación son: ¿dónde, cuánto, en qué SBT y por qué cambió el empleo en la Red, sus nodos y sus microespacios, entre 2015 y 2020? El método fue el análisis de cambio y participación espacial. Exponemos el desempeño del empleo SBT como un sistema espacio-sectorial multiescalar. Las ciudades medias son más eficientes en la producción de empleos SBT que ciudades con mayor población y empleo SBT, lo que demuestra su fortaleza económica. La Red depende del sector electrónico y fabricación de equipo vehicular. Si el sector cae, la Red se desmorona. Develamos qué región, ciudad y municipio ofrece mayores/menores ventajas competitivas, a qué tipo de empresas por sector y actividad. Sugerimos algunas líneas de política para apalancar la Red.

Resumo Los estudios de Inteligencia competitiva (IC) en los últimos años desenvuelve conceptos y aplicabilidad en grandes empresas y/o gobiernos; mientras que estudios de emprendimientos y/o pequeñas empresas son poco a profundados y de menor cantidad; aún más escasos son estudios que relacionan los conceptos de inteligencia competitiva, emprendimiento, pequeña empresa. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar la existencia de una laguna de conocimiento que envuelve los temas antes mencionados. La metodología utilizada es de revisión bibliográfica; para la colecta de datos se definió 3 términos clave, en inglés, para aplicarlos en 3 bases de datos; el análisis y visualización de la relación entre las palabras claves a través de mapas bibliométricos bidimensionales se realizó mediante el software VOSviewer. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un total de 170 artículos producto de las diversas conjunciones de las palabras clave, 84 en Scopus, 80 en Web Of Science y 6 en Scielo, sin excluir los artículos replicados; en cuanto a la relación de las palabras claven en em mapa bibliométrico, muestra que el termino de IC se relacione con muchos otros temas, ya sean en español, como en inglés. Finalmente, se concluyó que no existe ninguna investigación entre los años 2011 y 2021 las 3 bases de datos seleccionadas que relacione a la inteligencia competitiva, emprendimientos y pequeñas empresas; difiere en 33 artículos las investigaciones con los tópicos de IC y emprendimientos, con los de tópicos sobre IC y micro empresas; por lo tanto, claramente puede ser visto la existencia de laguna de conocimiento de nuestros temas clave.

Abstract Competitive Intelligence (CI) studies in recent years develop concepts and applicability in large companies and/or governments; while studies of entrepreneurships and/or small companies are little to deep and of less quantity; Even more scarce are studies that relate the concepts of competitive intelligence, entrepreneurship, and small business. This research aims to demonstrate the existence of a knowledge gap that involves the aforementioned issues. The methodology used is a bibliographic review; For the data collection, 3 key terms were defined, in English, to apply them in 3 databases; the analysis and visualization of the relationship between the keywords through two-dimensional bibliometric maps was carried out using the VOSviewer software. The results obtained show a total of 170 articles resulting from the various conjunctions of the keywords, 84 in Scopus, 80 in Web Of Science and 6 in Scielo, without excluding replicated articles; As for the relationship of the keywords in the bibliometric map, it shows that the IC term is related to many other topics, whether in Spanish or in English. Finally, it was concluded that there is no research between the years 2011-2021 in the 3 selected databases that relates to competitive intelligence, entrepreneurship and small companies; 33 articles differ in research with the topics of CI and entrepreneurship, with those of topics on CI and micro-enterprises; therefore, the existence of a knowledge gap of our key issues can clearly be seen.

Abstract: Technological advances have generated drastic changes for many types of organizations, especially for Micro and small businesses (MiyPes). The objective of this research is to analyze the tools used by small-scale entrepreneurs mainly in the use and consumption of internet purchases (e-commerce) of products and services in Mexico. The descriptive-correlational method was used, with a 36-item research instrument with Likert-type scales, for which a finite sample of 550 elements was used. According to the findings, the linear regression model was used as a statistic to correlate the data. It is concluded that the use of showed a moderate direct correlation with online purchases, with more than (62%) reliability of the data, which were representative according to the model that defines the purchase profile for users as a commercial.

Resumen: Los avances tecnológicos, han generado cambios drásticos para muchos tipos de organizaciones, en especial para las Micros y pequeñas empresas (MiyPES). El objetivo que se plasma en esta investigación es analizar las herramientas que utilizan los empresarios en pequeña escala principalmente en el uso y consumo de las compras por internet (e-commerce) de productos y servicios en México. Se utilizó el método descriptivo-correlacional, con un instrumento de investigación de 36 ítems con escalas tipo Likert, para ello se contó con una muestra finita de 550 elementos. De acuerdo a los hallazgos encontrados se utilizó el modelo de regresión lineal como estadístico para correlacionar los datos. Se concluye que, el uso de la tecnología por los empresarios generó una correlación de .550, el consumo de programas tecnológicos fue de .157 y la habilidad en el uso del internet fue de .488, estas fueron las variables seleccionadas y prioritarias, que mostraron una correlación directa moderada con las compras por internet, con más del (62%) de confiabilidad de los datos, que fueron representativos de acuerdo al modelo que definen el perfil de compra para los usuarios como estrategia comercial.

RESUMEN La pandemia de COVID- 19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas de Ecuador. El gobierno ecuatoriano ha implementado diversas medidas de apoyo, sin embargo, la recuperación plena requiere un tiempo considerable y el fortalecimiento de las políticas de apoyo empresarial. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el impacto de las medidas económicas y sociales gubernamentales en la gestión financiera de las microempresas ecuatorianas. Se utiliza la revisión bibliográfica y documental, que sirve de base para fundamentar el análisis FODA de estas organizaciones, además de entrevistas para la recolección de datos. Se realiza un diagnóstico de la problemática que permite elaborar la matriz FODA, plantear herramientas estratégicas de gestión financiera así como proponer objetivos estratégicos como una contribución al logro de la recuperación de las microempresas en el Ecuador.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Ecuador. The Ecuadorian government has implemented various support measures, however, full recovery requires considerable time and the strengthening of business support policies. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of government economic and social measures on the financial management of Ecuadorian microenterprises. The bibliographic and documentary review is used, which serves as a basis to base the SWOT analysis of these organizations, in addition to interviews for data collection. A diagnosis of the problem is carried out that allows the SWOT matrix to be developed, strategic financial management tools to be proposed, as well as strategic objectives to be proposed as a contribution to achieving the recovery of microenterprises in Ecuador.

Abstract Purpose: The digital mindset can be defined as a set of individual behaviors related to the degree of adherence to digital transformations. After reviewing the literature on the subject, this research’s objective was to answer the following question: “Is it possible to measure the digital mindset of employees through a scale designed for the context of Brazilian organizations?”. Originality/value: The digitization of organizations has become the center of business transformation. However, one of the often-overlooked factors in the transition process is developed at the micro-organizational level. Collaborators vary in interest, knowledge, and ability to innovate. A measure to identify individual digital mindset profiles would be essential to guide the planning and development of a digital learning culture mindset. Still, such a tool was not yet found in the Brazilian literature. Design/methodology/approach: A multidimensional digital mindset construct was proposed based on the literature on cognitive structures and digital transformation mindset. Items were prepared to measure the degree of maturity of the construct, described through three digital profiles (open mind, transformer, and entrepreneur) and an analog profile. The scale was submitted to 574 professionals from Brazilian companies for exploratory factor analysis. Findings: The digital mindset scale showed signs of validity, confirming, in the present sample, the mindset dimensions related to the digital environment (Cronbach’s alphas between 0.85 and 0.62). Purpose transformations subject researchs research s question Is organizations. . organizations?” Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value However oftenoverlooked often overlooked microorganizational micro organizational level interest knowledge innovate Still Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach open mind transformer entrepreneur profile 57 analysis Findings validity confirming sample Cronbachs Cronbach 085 0 85 0.8 0.62. 062 0.62 62 0.62) organizations? 5 08 8 0. 06 0.6 6

Resumo Objetivo: O mindset digital pode ser definido como um conjunto de comportamentos individuais relacionados ao grau de aderência às transformações digitais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi, após revisão de literatura sobre o tema, responder à seguinte questão: “É possível mensurar o mindset digital de profissionais por meio de uma escala elaborada para o contexto das organizações brasileiras?”. Originalidade/valor: A digitalização das organizações passou a ser o centro da transformação dos negócios. No entanto, um dos fatores muitas vezes negligenciado no processo de transição é o desenvolvimento no nível micro-organizacional. Os profissionais variam no nível de interesse, no conhecimento e na capacidade de inovar. Para guiar o planejamento e desenvolvimento de uma cultura de aprendizagem digital, uma medida para identificar os perfis individuais de mindset digital seria essencial, mas tal ferramenta ainda não era encontrada na literatura brasileira. Design/metodologia/abordagem: A partir da literatura sobre estruturas cognitivas e a transformação digital, foi proposto um construto multidimensional de mindset digital. Elaboraram-se itens para a mensuração do grau de maturidade do construto, descrito por meio de três perfis digitais (open mind, transformador e empreendedor) e um analógico. A escala foi submetida a 574 profissionais de empresas brasileiras para análise fatorial exploratória. Resultados: A escala de mindset digital apresentou bons indícios de validade, sendo confirmadas, na presente amostra, as dimensões de mindset relacionadas ao meio digital (alfas de Cronbach entre 0,85 e 0,62). Objetivo tema questão É brasileiras. . brasileiras?” Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor negócios entanto microorganizacional. microorganizacional micro organizacional. organizacional micro-organizacional interesse inovar essencial brasileira Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia abordagem Elaboraramse Elaboraram se open mind empreendedor analógico 57 exploratória Resultados validade confirmadas amostra alfas 085 0 85 0,8 0,62. 062 0,62 62 0,62) brasileiras? 5 08 8 0, 06 0,6 6

Abstract Purpose: This article studies which sets of variables, besides credit and profitability, influence the survival of micro and small enterprises (MSE) over time. Originality/value: This study innovates in presenting independent variables related to a common objective, contributing to the literature by identifying factors, including financial ones, that can influence MSE survival in a single model, which has not yet been identified in the literature. Therefore, acquiring knowledge that stimulates changes in the behavior of entrepreneurs, public authorities, stakeholders, and private institutions related to the subject is expected to promote the creation of new management tools, which can decrease the closure of several MSEs within a short time of operation. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary data from the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District relative to the period between 2008 and 2012 were used. Reduced equation models with estimation utilizing a Tobit were used, as the dependent variable is censored, in addition to the OLS method with fixed effects panel and robust error, with equivalent results. The factor analysis by the principal component method (FA-PCM) was used in the data analysis. Findings: The results showed significant factors for MSE survival, such as the need for employment and income, investments in health, access to financing, and, mostly, the importance of education, among others. Moreover, the study demystifies that the leading cause of MSE death is the lack of credit, as there is too much credit on the market, either through banks or investors. Purpose profitability (MSE Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value objective ones model Therefore entrepreneurs authorities stakeholders tools operation Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach 2 200 201 censored error FAPCM FA PCM (FA-PCM Findings income health financing mostly education others Moreover market investors 20

Resumo Objetivo: Estudar quais conjuntos de variáveis, além do crédito e da rentabilidade, influenciam a sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) ao longo do tempo. Originalidade/valor: O presente estudo inova na apresentação de variáveis independentes relacionadas com objetivo comum. Contribui para a literatura ao identificar fatores, além dos financeiros, que podem influenciar na sobrevivência das MPE em um único modelo, algo ainda não identificado na literatura. Espera-se assim adquirir conhecimentos que estimulem mudanças no comportamento por parte dos empreendedores, do poder público, dos stakeholders e de instituições privadas afins ao tema, para que seja estimulada a criação de novas ferramentas de gestão que venham a minimizar o fechamento de tantas MPE com pouco tempo de existência. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Utilizaram-se dados secundários dos 26 estados e do Distrito Federal brasileiros entre os anos de 2008 e 2012. Foram empregados os modelos de equação reduzida com estimação por meio de um Tobit, haja vista a variável dependente ser censurada, e pelo método MQO em painel com efeitos fixos e erro robusto, com resultados equivalentes. Na análise de dados, utilizou-se o método da análise fatorial pelo método dos componentes principais (AF-MCP). Resultados: Os resultados apresentados apontaram fatores significantes para a sobrevivência das MPE, como necessidade de emprego e renda, investimentos em saúde, acesso a financiamento e, em destaque, a importância da educação, entre outras. Além disso, o trabalho desmistifica que a causa principal da mortandade das MPE é a falta de crédito, pois há ofertas em demasia no mercado, seja por meio dos bancos ou de investidores. Objetivo rentabilidade (MPE Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor comum financeiros modelo Esperase Espera se empreendedores público tema existência Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia abordagem Utilizaramse Utilizaram 2 200 2012 Tobit censurada robusto equivalentes utilizouse utilizou AFMCP. AFMCP AF MCP . (AF-MCP) Resultados renda saúde destaque educação outras disso mercado investidores 20 201 (AF-MCP

Abstract This article describes research conducted to determine which variables influence the opportunity evaluation by emerging market entrepreneurs. The study was conducted with quantitative research techniques, using data from 124 entrepreneurs in micro and small Brazilian enterprises. Hypotheses were tested with confirmatory analyses and using Structural Equations Modelling. According to previous research, results demonstrated that the smaller the perceived risk, the more positively the entrepreneurs will evaluate opportunities, affecting their propensity to act. However, the results of tests to measure correlations between the occurrence of cognitive biases and other variables were not significant, contradicting previous work that has stated that correlations exist. The findings support the concept that variables ignored when analysing our decision-making process are relevant to the result of our decisions. Besides, they may result in inconsistent illusions that can lead the decision-maker into unwarranted confidence in their capacity to understand whether an assessment of opportunity, which is inherent to the entrepreneurial process, is truly an opportunity or an illusion. techniques 12 enterprises Modelling risk opportunities act However significant exist decisionmaking decision making decisions Besides decisionmaker maker illusion 1

Resumo Este artigo descreve uma pesquisa realizada para determinar quais variáveis influenciam a avaliação de oportunidades por empreendedores de mercados emergentes. O estudo foi realizado com técnicas de pesquisa quantitativa, utilizando dados de 124 empreendedores de micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras. As hipóteses foram testadas com análises confirmatórias e usando Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. De acordo com pesquisas anteriores, os resultados demonstraram que quanto menor o risco percebido, mais positivamente os empreendedores avaliarão as oportunidades, afetando sua propensão a agir. No entanto, os resultados dos testes para medir as correlações entre a ocorrência de vieses cognitivos e outras variáveis não foram significativos, contrariando trabalhos anteriores que afirmavam a existência de correlações. Os achados apoiam o conceito de que variáveis ignoradas ao analisar nosso processo decisório são relevantes para o resultado de nossas decisões. Além disso, pode resultar em ilusões inconsistentes as quais podem levar o tomador de decisão a uma confiança injustificada em sua capacidade de entender se uma avaliação de oportunidade, inerente ao processo empreendedor, é realmente uma oportunidade ou uma ilusão. emergentes quantitativa 12 brasileiras Estruturais percebido agir entanto significativos decisões disso empreendedor ilusão 1

Resumo Objetivo: Validar uma escala de mensuração das múltiplas possibilidades de inovação em Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) que atuam na Região Metropolitana de Natal/RN. Metodologia/ abordagem: A pesquisa é do tipo exploratória, com um levantamento de dados junto a 542 empresas de Natal/RN. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas, da técnica de análise fatorial exploratória e análise fatorial confirmatória com a técnica baseada em mínimos quadrados parciais. Principais resultados: A Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) resultou na formação de 5 construtos de inovação. A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória foi modelada por meio da aplicação da PLS-SEM, o qual avaliou o modelo de mensuração confirmatório, a partir dos resultados identificados na AFE. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Foi validada a inclusão do construto denominado Inovação em Canais de Conhecimento, contribuindo com uma proposta ampla e multidimensional, sendo capaz de captar a complexidade da inovação, reduzindo a ambiguidade conceitual e se mostrando teoricamente viável para futuras pesquisas. Relevância/originalidade: O estudo mostra-se relevante ao abordar a inovação sob o ponto de vista das Micro e Pequenas empresas, considerando uma escala de mensuração multidimensional, pois as pesquisas empíricas até então pouco evidenciaram a inovação sob a perspectiva de criação de valor para organizações e clientes. Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: Enquanto implicações gerenciais, diferentemente da ótica unidimensional, apoiada em conceitos de inovação tecnológica desenvolvida com grandes estruturas de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) em grandes empresas, a presente pesquisa considerou o papel inovador das pequenas empresas, capazes de gerar múltiplos aperfeiçoamentos. Objetivo MPEs (MPEs NatalRN Natal RN Natal/RN Metodologia abordagem 54 descritivas parciais AFE (AFE PLSSEM, PLSSEM PLS SEM, SEM PLS-SEM confirmatório teóricas/metodológicas teóricasmetodológicas teóricas metodológicas Conhecimento multidimensional Relevância/originalidade Relevânciaoriginalidade Relevância originalidade mostrase mostra clientes sociaispara sociais gestão gerenciais unidimensional P&D PD P D (P&D aperfeiçoamentos

Abstract Objective: Validate a scale for measuring the multiple possibilities for innovation in Micro and Small Enterprises (MPEs) operating in the Metropolitan Region of Natal/RN. Methodology/approach: The research is exploratory, with a survey of 542 companies in Natal/RN. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis technique and confirmatory factor analysis using the technique based on partial least squares. Main results: The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) resulted in the formation of 5 innovation constructs. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was modeled by applying the PLS-SEM, which evaluated the confirmatory measurement model, based on the results identified in the EFA. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The inclusion of the construct called Innovation in Knowledge Channels was validated, contributing with a broad and multidimensional proposal, being able to capture the complexity of innovation, reducing conceptual ambiguity and proving to be theoretically viable for future research. Relevance/originality: The study is relevant, approaching innovation from the perspective of Micro and Small companies, considering a multidimensional measurement scale, as empirical research so far has shown little evidence of innovation from the perspective of creating value for organizations and customers. Social/Management Contributions: As managerial implications, unlike the one-dimensional perspective, supported by concepts of technological innovation developed with large Research and Development (ReD) structures in large companies, this research considered the innovative role of small companies, which are capable of generating multiple innovations. Objective MPEs (MPEs NatalRN Natal RN Natal/RN Methodology/approach Methodologyapproach Methodology approach 54 statistics squares EFA (EFA constructs PLSSEM, PLSSEM PLS SEM, SEM PLS-SEM model Theoreticalmethodological Theoretical methodological contributions validated proposal Relevance/originality Relevanceoriginality Relevance originality relevant customers SocialManagement Social Management Contributions implications onedimensional one dimensional ReD (ReD innovations