The use of materials such as organofunctionalized silica for application in solid phase extraction (SPE) allows the preconcentration of several ions, including Pt, and subsequent detection. This work aims to synthesize and characterize an organofunctionalized silica (Sil-TMSDT) with the silylant N’(trimethoxysilyl)propylethylenetriamine and its application as a solid phase in the preconcentration Pt4+ ions in aqueous media, using detection by flame atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the aminofunctionalization of the silica. For the adsorption process, a preconcentration mini-column with 200 mg of Sil-TMSDT, a solution of 0.485 mg L−1 of K2[PtCl6] at pH 10 and HNO3 0.5 mol L−1 as eluent were used, obtaining an enrichment factor of 15-fold with retention efficiency higher than 99%. The Pt4+ ion determined by FAAS showed a linear response between 0.02 and 0.40 mg L−1; a linear coefficient where R = 0.9981; a 16-fold preconcentration factor; a limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.045 and 0.014 mg L−1, respectively. The proposal system showed analytical applicability to determining Pt4+ ion in an aqueous medium and could be used to detect traces of this potentially toxic metal in biological fluids such as urine and blood. SPE (SPE Pt SilTMSDT Sil TMSDT (Sil-TMSDT Ntrimethoxysilylpropylethylenetriamine N trimethoxysilyl propylethylenetriamine Pt4 media FAAS. . (FAAS) Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR (FTIR SEM (SEM energydispersive energy dispersive EDS (EDS process minicolumn mini column 20 SilTMSDT, TMSDT, Sil-TMSDT 0485 0 485 0.48 L1 L 1 L− K2PtCl6 KPtCl K2 PtCl6 K PtCl K2[PtCl6 HNO 05 5 0. 15fold fold 15 99 99% 002 02 0.0 040 40 0.4 0.9981 09981 9981 16fold 16 LOQ (LOQ LOD (LOD 0045 045 0.04 0014 014 0.01 respectively blood (FAAS 2 048 48 K2PtCl K2[PtCl 9 00 04 4 0.998 0998 998 004 001 01 0.99 099 0.9 09

In recent years, the field of coordination chemistry has experienced a surge in interest regarding the synthesis and characterization of coordination complexes for diverse applications. This study is dedicated to investigating coordination compounds resulting from the interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with metal ions. The study research places significant emphasis on understanding the stability and thermal behavior of these coordination compounds. The utilization of thermoanalytical techniques is crucial in achieving this goal. Thermal analysis and thermokinetics provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, kinetics, and energetics of these reactions, thereby facilitating the optimization of synthesis procedures. The research employs concurrent techniques, namely thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to explore the thermal stability and decomposition pathways of these coordination compounds. Thermokinetic models and optimization methodologies are subsequently applied to identify key reaction parameters. The primary aim of this research is to unveil the thermal behavior, stability, and reaction kinetics of aceclofenac coordination compounds, thus contributing significantly to the understanding of thermokinetics and thermal analysis in the domain of coordination chemistry. Specifically, this study is focused on aceclofenac coordination complexes involving lanthanum and gadolinium, with the ultimate goal of advancing the field of coordination chemistry. years applications antiinflammatory anti inflammatory NSAIDs (NSAIDs ions mechanisms reactions procedures TG (TG DSC, DSC , (DSC) parameters Specifically gadolinium (DSC

Iron is an important ion that regulates many metabolic functions in the human body, and its deficiency or overload can cause serious health problems. In view of this, the development of tools that can quantify iron in aqueous media is quite valuable. A new material based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) and a calixarene derivative (CALIX), here named CALIX@UiO-66-NH2, was successfully prepared and used as a luminescent sensor for iron ions in a water matrix containing various metal ions. The post-synthetic modification was demonstrated to be efficient on the MOF (UiO-66-NH2) modification, leading to a hybrid platform. The effect of the combination of both components (MOF and CALIX) led to a platform more sensitive to iron detection than the independent compounds. The CALIX@UiO-66-NH2 sensor shows a linear response toward Fe3+ ions with satisfactory linearity (R2 = 0.994) within the concentration range of 6.74 × 10−6−1.72 × 10−5 mol L−1. The limit of detection was determined to be as low as 1.6 mg L−1. The data demonstrate that CALIX@UiO-66-NH2 is an excellent probe for detecting Fe3+, as confirmed by almost complete fluorescence suppression. body problems this valuable metalorganic organic CALIX, CALIX , (CALIX) CALIX@UiO66NH2, CALIXUiO66NH2 CALIXUiONH CALIX@UiO 66 NH2, UiO NH2 NH postsynthetic post synthetic UiO66NH2 UiONH (UiO-66-NH2 compounds CALIX@UiO66NH2 CALIX@UiO-66-NH Fe3 Fe R2 R (R 0.994 0994 0 994 674 6 74 6.7 106172 10 1 72 10−6−1.7 105 5 10− L1 L L−1 16 1. suppression (CALIX CALIXUiO CALIXUiO66NH UiO66NH (UiO-66-NH CALIX@UiO66NH 0.99 099 99 67 7 6. 10617 10−6−1. L− 0.9 09 9 1061 10−6−1 0. 106 10−6− 10−6

Palygoskite pellets were synthesized with lignin and WAX® and subjected to technological characterization for application in the remediation of Pb ions contained in aqueous effluents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the palygorskite:lignin:WAX® material in a proportion of 70:15:15 revealed that the heat treatment of the pellets did not compromise the crystalline structure of the palygoskite. Texture analyses demonstrated that the surface area increased after synthesis and heat treatment, thus increasing the adsorption capacity. Regarding porosity, X-ray microtomography revealed that the pellets exhibit an irregular and porous spherical morphology with interconnected pores. Adsorption tests showed a removal of 73% of PbII contained in aqueous effluents after 15 min, with equilibrium reached in 60 min (88.36%). After the adsorption process, the presence of lead in the material was qualitatively confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images. The produced pellets exhibit promising adsorbent qualities, such as strength and effective PbII ion adsorption. WAX Xray X ray XRD (XRD palygorskiteligninWAX® palygorskiteligninWAX palygorskite palygorskite:lignin:WAX 701515 70 70:15:1 palygoskite capacity porosity pores 73 1 6 88.36%. 8836 88.36% . 88 36 (88.36%) process energydispersive energy dispersive SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS images qualities 70151 7 70:15: 883 88.36 8 3 (88.36% 7015 70:15 88.3 (88.36 701 70:1 88. (88.3 70: (88. (88 (8 (

Abstract IE(%) of SCLAE on CR of CS immersed in 1 N HCl was herein assessed by the WL method. The former increased and the latter decreased in the solution with higher Ct of SCLAE. The inhibitor blocked MS corrosion active sites, and created a protective layer that covered its surface. Pc constituents of SCLAE allowed the interaction between their hetero atoms and the metal ions from the CS surface. These Pc were responsible for the CI of CS. Elc studies were herein used to confirm the formation of a protective layer on the CS surface. They were further reinforced by surface analysis techniques, such as FTIR and SEM. EDAX was used to analyze the elements present on the CS surface after its immersion in 1 N HCl without and with SCLAE. Ra of polished, corroded and inhibited CS surfaces was analyzed by SEM and AFM.

Low-cost adsorbents promote the valorization of locally sourced waste materials and are still a significant challenge for removing toxic metal ions from industrial effluents. In this sense, Castor (Ricinus communis L.) stalks (CS) were activated with an alkaline solution and tested as an adsorbent to remove nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead ions. A 24-1 factorial design was carried out and showed a correlation and influence of the variables, such as pH, adsorbent mass, agitation rate, and initial concentration in the adsorption process. The adsorbents in their natural, activated, and saturated states were characterized. After activation, X-ray diffraction results revealed a change from cellulose I to cellulose II. The X-ray fluorescence showed that the ion exchange adsorption mechanism occurred. For the kinetic adsorption studies, the equilibrium time was reached up to 15 min. Different isotherm models described the adsorption process, with the Sips model providing the best fit to the experimental data. Five cycles of sorption/desorption using 0.1 mol L-1 HCl elution were carried out with a minimal loss in sorption capacity and physical degradation. Nickel and copper ions exhibited the lowest desorption rates. Due to their efficiency, CS can be a promising and low-cost alternative for removing metal ions. Lowcost Low cost effluents sense Ricinus L. L (CS nickel cadmium 241 24 1 24- variables pH mass rate process natural characterized activation Xray X ray II occurred studies min data sorptiondesorption 01 0 0. L1 L- degradation rates efficiency lowcost low 2

Two novel coordination polymers were synthesized through the reaction of the Hpcpa2- ligand (H3pcpa = N-(4-carboxyphenyl)oxamic acid) with cadmium(II) and lead(II) metal ions, yielding [Cd2(Hpcpa)2(H2O)6]n·H2O (1) and [Pb(Hpcpa)(H2O)]n (2). Structural analysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that 1 consists of one-dimensional zigzag polymeric chains, while 2 is a three-dimensional polymer network. Additionally, investigations of their optical properties were carried out in a comparative study involving the previously reported pcpa-based coordination polymers {[Zn(Hpcpa)(H2O)3]·0.5H2O}n and {[Gd2(Hpcpa)3(H2O)5]·H2O}n], called here as 3 and 4, respectively. Under 330 nm excitation wavelength, all compounds exhibited broad emission bands spanning from 350 to 650 nm. Particularly, 1 and 3 displayed notable external quantum yields of 15.4 and 12.8%, respectively, highlighting their potential in luminescent applications. Hpcpa2 Hpcpa H3pcpa H pcpa N4carboxyphenyloxamic Ncarboxyphenyloxamic N 4 carboxyphenyl oxamic acid cadmiumII cadmium II cadmium(II leadII lead lead(II ions Cd2Hpcpa2H2O6n·H2O Cd2Hpcpa2H2O6nH2O CdHpcpaHOnHO Cd2 H2O 6 n·H2O n Cd O (1 PbHpcpaH2On PbHpcpaHOn Pb 2. . (2) singlecrystal single crystal Xray X ray onedimensional one dimensional chains threedimensional three network Additionally pcpabased based ZnHpcpaH2O3·0.5H2On ZnHpcpaH2O305H2On ZnHpcpaHOHOn Zn ·0.5H2O 0 5H2O Gd2Hpcpa3H2O5·H2On, Gd2Hpcpa3H2O5H2On GdHpcpaHOHOn Gd2 5 ·H2O , Gd {[Gd2(Hpcpa)3(H2O)5]·H2O}n] respectively 33 wavelength 35 65 Particularly 154 15 15. 128 12 8 12.8% applications carboxyphenyloxamic Cd2Hpcpa2H2O6n nH HO nH2O nHO ( PbHpcpaH On (2 ZnHpcpaH2O3 5H2On ZnHpcpaH 05H2O Gd2Hpcpa3H2O5 H2On Gd2Hpcpa3H2O5·H2On {[Gd2(Hpcpa)3(H2O)5]·H2O}n 12.8 CdHpcpaHOn ZnHpcpaHO ZnHpcpaH2O HOn GdHpcpaHO Gd2Hpcpa3H2O 12.

RESUMO A compreensão dos fenômenos envolvidos na corrosão do aço carbono em meio H2SO4 é de fundamental importância, visto que este é o principal produto da indústria química. Contudo, poucos trabalhos recentes relacionados a corrosão do aço carbono em H2SO4 em diferentes concentrações de sulfato são reportados. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a corrosão do aço carbono em H2SO4 1 mol L–1 sob incremento de íons SO42– de origem salina. Medidas de potencial a circuito aberto, ensaios de imersão com perda de massa, quantificação do teor de íons ferro total em solução e curvas de polarização potenciodinâmica foram realizadas e sugerem que a corrosão do aço carbono em H2SO4 com adição de sulfato ocorre por mecanismo de dissolução-passivação, sendo influenciada pela concentração de sulfato adicionado. Micrografias da superfície do aço carbono denotam que a corrosão ocorre de maneira uniforme e com a formação de produtos de corrosão insolúveis distribuídos não homogeneamente na superfície metálica. Tais produtos estão provavelmente associados à precipitação de FeSO4 e/ou Fe(OH)3 na superfície. HSO H SO H2SO importância química Contudo reportados L1 L L– SO42 salina aberto massa dissoluçãopassivação, dissoluçãopassivação dissolução passivação, passivação dissolução-passivação adicionado metálica FeSO eou ou FeOH3 FeOH Fe OH 3 Fe(OH) SO4 Fe(OH

ABSTRACT Understanding the phenomena involved in the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 media is of fundamental importance as it is a principal product of the chemical industry. However, a few recent studies have reported the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 at different sulfate concentrations. This study aims to investigate the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol L–1 H2SO4 with the addition of sulfate ions from saline sources. Open-circuit potential measurements, immersion tests with mass loss, quantification of total iron ion content in solution, and potentiodynamic polarization curves were conducted. This suggests that the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 with added sulfate occurs via a dissolution-passivation mechanism, which is influenced by the concentration of added sulfate. Micrographs of the mild steel surface indicate that corrosion occurs uniformly with the formation of insoluble corrosion products that are non-homogeneously distributed on the metal surface. These products were likely associated with the precipitation of FeSO4 and/or Fe(OH)3 on the surface. HSO H SO H2SO industry However concentrations L1 L L– sources Opencircuit Open circuit measurements loss solution conducted dissolutionpassivation dissolution passivation mechanism nonhomogeneously non homogeneously FeSO andor or FeOH3 FeOH Fe OH 3 Fe(OH) Fe(OH

Aluminum Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (Al-HMMCs) are contemporary materials that blend aluminum with additional reinforcing elements to enhance their mechanical, thermal, and other properties. These materials find applications across various sectors including the aerospace industry, automotive sector, military and defence, marine industry, as well as manufacturing industries. In this research, AA6061, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and boron carbide (B4C) have been selected as the matrix and reinforcement materials. AA6061/ZrO2/B4C (Al-HMMCs) is manufactured using Ultrasonic-assisted stir casting. The process parameters of ultrasonic assisted stir casting were optimized with the help of Taguchi optimization technique. The melting temperature (700, 750 and 800 ºC), stirring speed (10, 15 and 20 minutes) and AA6061/xwt.%B4C/xwt.%ZrO2 ( 6, 8 and 10) are selected as input parameters for optimization. The reinforcements ZrO2 and B4C are weighed by equally sharing by wt.% The micro hardness was selected as response parameter and it was determined by using Vickers micro hardness tester. The L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) was employed for optimization of input parameters of ultrasonic assisted stir casting. Taguchi results showed that medium level of melting temperature (750 ºC), higher level of stirring speed (300 rpm), lower level of stirring duration (10 minutes) and medium level of wt.% of ZrO2 and B4C (8wt.%) were the optimized combination of input process parameters of ultrasonic assisted stir casting for fabricating AA6061 HMMC. The AA6061/xwt.%B4C/xwt.%ZrO2 (x = 0,4,6,8 and 10) HMMCs were manufactured by utilizing optimized process parameters. The micro hardness of AA6061/xwt.%B4C/xwt.%ZrO2 (x = 0,4,6,8 and 10) was determined. . From the obtained hardness tests, it was observed that the hardness of AA6061 HMMCs was enhanced up to addition of 8wt. % of B4C and ZrO2 and decreased the hardness while adding 10wt.% of B4C and ZrO2. The better AA6061/8wt.%ZrO2/8wt.%B4C HMMC undergone X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) testing to identify elements and examine the microstructure. The high peak of ZrO2, B4C and Al was obtained in 71.4, 35.68 and 37.81 2 theta values respectively. The SEM image of ultrasonic aided stir cast AA6061 based composite was confirmed the uniform distribution of zirconium di oxide and boron carbide reinforcements. There was no oxide formation on the surface of the stir casted AA6061 composites due to the execution of casting process in the inert environment. The casted AA6061/8wt.%ZrO2/8wt.%B4C surface of the composite exhibits no porosity occurrence due to the impact of usage of ultrasonic vibrator to prevent the formation of holes due to escape of unwanted gases. Subsequently, corrosion tests were conducted on the AA6061 HMMC in various corrosive environments such as NaOH, HCl, H2SO4, and NaCl to evaluate its electrochemical behavior. The surfaces of corroded specimens were analyzed using SEM and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The research findings indicate that AA6061 composites exhibit the highest corrosion resistance when immersed in a NaCl medium. This enhanced resistance was attributed to the medium's lower corrosion potential, stronger charge transfer resistance (Rct), and lower double-layer capacitance (Cdl) compared to alternative environments. Additionally, SEM analysis illustrated that the incorporation of B4C and ZrO2 ceramics results in the formation of protective barrier layers, further enhanced their corrosion resistance. ZrO2 particles were attracted and neutralized the corrosive ions and electrons, thereby reducing corrosive activity on the AA6061 aluminium matrix. AlHMMCs (Al-HMMCs mechanical thermal properties industry sector defence industries AA ZrO (ZrO2 BC B C (B4C AA6061ZrO2B4C AAZrOBC Ultrasonicassisted Ultrasonic technique 700, 700 (700 75 80 ºC, ºC , ºC) 10, 10 1 minutes AA6061xwtB4CxwtZrO2 AAxwtBCxwtZrO xwt AA6061/xwt.%B4C/xwt.%ZrO 6 wt wt. tester L OA (OA (75 300 (30 rpm, rpm rpm) (1 8wt.% 8wt (8wt.% AA606 x 0468 0 4 0,4,6, 10wt 10wt. AA60618wtZrO28wtB4C AAwtZrOwtBC Xray X ray XRD (XRD (SEM microstructure 714 71 71.4 3568 35 68 35.6 3781 37 81 37.8 respectively environment gases Subsequently NaOH HCl H2SO4 HSO H SO behavior EDS. EDS (EDS) mediums s potential Rct, Rct (Rct) doublelayer double layer Cdl (Cdl Additionally layers electrons (ZrO 70 (70 7 xwtB CxwtZrO AA6061xwtB4CxwtZrO (7 30 (3 (8wt. AA60 046 0,4,6 wtZrO wtB 71. 356 3 35. 378 37. H2SO (EDS (Rct (8wt AA6 04 0,4, 0,4 0,

Resumen Las nanopartículas metálicas tienen una amplia gama de aplicaciones en los sectores de la salud, la electrónica, la óptica, el magnetismo, la biorremediación, la química y la ciencia de los materiales. Varios métodos utilizados para producir nanopartículas no son amigables con el medio ambiente, por lo que esta revisión destaca los beneficios del uso de extractos de plantas para preparar nanopartículas metálicas para investigar un método ecológico. Los extractos de plantas contienen metabolitos secundarios, incluyendo flavonoides, alcaloides, terpenoides, compuestos fenólicos, polisacáridos, aminoácidos y proteínas. Los compuestos presentes en los extractos pueden reducir los iones metálicos de sales y permitir la formación de nanopartículas. Se revisaron los fundamentos de la síntesis de nanopartículas in situ, se realizó una lista de varias plantas utilizadas, los mecanismos propuestos para la síntesis de nanopartículas y, finalmente, se abordaron las aplicaciones en varias áreas.

Abstract Metallic nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in health, electronics, optics, magnetism, bioremediation, chemistry, and materials science. Several methods used to produce nanoparticles are not friendly to the environment, so this review highlights the benefits of using plant extracts to prepare metallic nanoparticles to investigate an eco-friendly method. Plant extracts contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, amino acids, and proteins. The compounds present in the extracts can reduce metal ions from salts and allow the formation of nanoparticles. The fundamentals of the in-situ nanoparticle synthesis were reviewed, a list of various plants used was made, the mechanisms proposed for nanoparticle synthesis, and finally, applications in several areas were addressed.

Arsenic-bearing acidic effluent from hydrometallurgical processes contains many harmful metal ions and must be appropriately treated before discharge. In the present study, arsenic, copper, zinc, aluminum, and magnesium were co-precipitated by means of the Fenton reaction. The precipitates obtained under different conditions were investigated to determine their stability. The results indicate that pH value and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage have significant effects on the removal of various elements. Arsenic, copper, zinc, and aluminum (but not magnesium) can be removed at pH 5-6 and anH2O2/As mole ratio of 2 at ambient temperature. The precipitates were mainly amorphous and granular with particle size in the micrometre range. The arsenic concentration in leachate from the toxicity characteristic leaching test was 3.6 mg/L, which proves that the precipitates are effective in fixing arsenic.

Metal-based catalysts are indispensable in modern chemistry and one of the biggest challenges for industrial applications is to quantify their performance and stability. The metrics of performance can be obtained in terms of the turnover number and turnover frequency, and the stability might be associated with the leaching of the heterogeneous catalysts. Thus, metal quantification is the starting point to understand and evaluate the features of catalysts. Among the technologies for metal determination, spectrophotometric analysis stands out for being cheap and easy to perform. However, the challenge is the sample preparation to direct quantification from the heterogeneous materials. Herein, it is shown how important is the photochemical pre-treatment for the quantification of the total iron from heterogeneous thin films composed of iron-based materials. The photochemical approach was used to ensure a full dissociation of iron ions before the quantification. This method was revealed to be highly effective and precise, having a wide range of applications for different iron-based catalysts. Metalbased Metal based frequency Thus determination perform However materials Herein pretreatment pre treatment ironbased precise

RESUMEN Los materiales lignocelulósicos residuales pueden usarse como adsorbentes de metales pesados presentes en el agua, propiciando la adsorción de iones metálicos sobre la superficie y sitios activos de los biomateriales, resultando en una remoción eficiente y de bajo costo. En este caso, se hace innovación con el aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales del fique (Furcraea macrophilla) y del capacho de maíz (Zea mays) como fases adsorbentes de los metales cromo y plomo, con el fin de valorar su capacidad como adsorbente de estos metales presentes en muestras de agua, determinado el tiempo de equilibrio, tipo de isoterma y capacidad máxima de adsorción; encontrando que en un tiempo de 12 horas, la fibra de fique tiene una capacidad de adsorción de Cr y Pb de 7,81 ± 1,40 mg/g y 169,51 ± 1,37 mg/g respectivamente, observando, una forma de isoterma de adsorción tipo Freundlich; mientras que la fibra de capacho de maíz presenta una capacidad de adsorción de 13,35 ± 3,28 mg/g para cromo y 15,01 ± 3,47 mg/g para plomo, mostrando un comportamiento en su isoterma de adsorción tipo Langmuir, concluyendo que ambas fibras tienen potencial para la remoción de los metales estudiados, especialmente la fibra de fique.

ABSTRACT Residual lignocellulosic materials can be used as adsorbents for heavy metals present in water, promoting the adsorption of metal ions on the surface and active sites of biomaterials, resulting in a low-cost and efficient removal. In this case, the residues from the agroindustrial use of the fique (Furcraea macrophilla) and the agricultural process of the corn maize (Zea mays) were studied as adsorbing phases of chromium and lead metals, in order to assess their capacity as biosorbents of these metals present in water samples, determined by equilibrium time, type of isotherm and maximum adsorption capacity; finding that in a time of 12 hours, the fique fiber has an adsorption capacity of Cr and Pb of 7,81 ± 1,40 mg/g and 169,51 ± 1,37 mg/g respectively, observing, a form of Freundlich type adsorption isotherm; while the corn layer fiber has an adsorption capacity of 13,35 ± 3,28 mg/g for chromium and 15,01 ± 3,47 mg/g for lead, showing a behavior in its Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm , concluding that both fibers have potential for the removal of the metals studied, especially the fiber of fique.

Abstract Medical forensics and homeland security have been focusing on the food and beverage industries, for water quality remote sensing, drug residue determination in food, etc. NT is playing a growing role in BS development. NT-based BS, also known as NBS technology, are reshaping the medical field. They are used in metabolite measurement, diabetes monitoring, and other applications, such as environmental protection. Pesticide and heavy metal ions detection in river water, as well as genomes sequencing the use of NM in BS design have increased their sensitivity and ability to also develop NP special properties, such as high electrical conductivity, improved shock resistance, sensitive response and flexibility. These advances result from the confluence of NP characteristics, allowing for the presentation of numerous modern flag transduction innovations in BS, such as the development of devices, and forms for manufacturing them and enhancing their measurement capability. Imaging the nanoscale objects has improved sensors connected with tiny atoms. Many mechanical devices, optical resonators and bi-functional architecture based on NBS have been developed. BS have also been discussed in this research, in order to highlight their critical applications in a variety of fields. This study discusses the various types of BS that depend on multiple types of NM, as well as their biological and implicational factors and analytical techniques, such as amperometric, CV potentiometric optical techniques, and other measurements methods that use enzyme and non-enzymatic BS.

Abstract The Pantanal comprehends a set of heterogeneous and biodiverse landscapes of esteemed environmental, economic and social value. The study of soils is effective to stratify and to understanding the operation of these environments. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare soils of lake landscapes of the Pantanal: baías (freshwater lakes), salinas (alkaline lakes) and their respective levees (sandy ridges originally with forest vegetation). For this purpose, we carried out field work with sampling, in triplicate, of superficial soil layers in 12 representative areas of low and high Nhecolândia; analytical determinations of 26 soil attributes were performed, totaling 936 response variables and statistical analyses were performed in order to synthesize the data and present the results. In both landscapes, the fine sand fraction predominates in the soil granulometry. The textural class of the soils varied from very sandy, medium sandy and medium sandy for the baías; very sandy for the levees, with particle density related to the presence of quartz; and very sandy, medium sandy, medium clayey and clayey for the salinas. In the chemical attributes and organic matter, the baías stand out for higher potential acidity (H+Al), slightly high organic matter contents and availability of metal ions, especially Fe; in the levees, higher average remaining phosphorus (Prem) are more evident; while the saline lake soils are related to more alkaline pH values, high base saturation and high Sodium Saturation Indices (ISNa). Salinas landscapes presented the highest data variability and have soil attributes that refer to the action of different environmental processes. value environments freshwater lakes, lakes , vegetation. vegetation . vegetation) sampling triplicate 1 Nhecolândia 2 93 results granulometry quartz H+Al, HAl H+Al H Al (H+Al) ions Fe Prem (Prem evident values ISNa. ISNa (ISNa) processes 9 (H+Al (ISNa

Resumo O Pantanal compreende um conjunto de paisagens heterogêneas e biodiversas de estimado valor ambiental, econômico e social. O estudo dos solos é efetivo para estratificar e compreender o funcionamento desses ambientes. Objetivou-se caracterizar e comparar solos de paisagens lacustres do Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense: baías (lagos de água doce), salinas (lagos alcalinos) e suas respectivas cordilheiras (cordões arenosos originalmente com vegetação florestal). Para tanto, realizou-se trabalho de campo com amostragens, em triplicata, de camadas superficiais do solo em 12 áreas representativas da baixa e alta Nhecolândia; procedeu-se determinações analíticas de 26 atributos do solo, totalizando 936 variáveis resposta e; análises estatísticas foram realizadas visando a síntese dos dados e apresentação dos resultados. Em ambas as paisagens predomina a fração areia fina na granulometria do solo. A classe textural dos solos variou de muito arenosa, arenosa média e média arenosa para as baías; muito arenosa para as cordilheiras, com Dp relacionada a presença do quartzo; e muito arenosa, arenosa média, média argilosa e argilosa para as salinas. Com relação aos atributos químicos e matéria orgânica, as baías se destacam pela maior acidez potencial (H+Al), teores de MO ligeiramente elevados e disponibilidade de íons metálicos, sobretudo Fe; nas cordilheiras, maiores médias de P-rem são mais evidentes; já os solos de salinas se relacionam a valores de pH mais alcalinos, elevada saturação por bases e altos índices de saturação por Sódio (ISNa). Paisagens de salinas apresentaram a maior variabilidade de dados e possuem atributos do solo que remetem a ação de diferentes processos ambientais. ambiental social ambientes Objetivouse Objetivou SulMatoGrossense Sul Mato Grossense Sul-Mato-Grossense lagos doce, doce , doce) alcalinos cordões florestal. florestal . florestal) tanto realizouse realizou amostragens triplicata 1 Nhecolândia procedeuse procedeu 2 93 resultados quartzo orgânica H+Al, HAl H+Al H Al (H+Al) metálicos Fe Prem P rem evidentes ISNa. ISNa (ISNa) ambientais 9 (H+Al (ISNa