Abstract: Background and Aims: Since the publication of the book on Cuban marine macroalgae in 2015, new records have been found and taxonomic changes have been published. Therefore, the objective of this publication is to present a fifth updated systematic review, that includes Ochrophyta (Class Phaeophyceae), Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta. Methods: These results were recorded from information available in scientific papers, bachelor, master and doctoral theses, as well as scientific-technical reports from recognized specialists, considering those not included in the last review or that were published after 2015. The taxa were systematically ordered, the names and synonymy were reviewed according to Algaebase and the most recent scientific literature. Species were arranged alphabetically within each family. The distribution of each taxon was resumed for nine Ecological Districts (zones) of the Cuban shelf. Key results: An updated floristic list with 569 species, one subspecies, 25 varieties, and 21 forms is presented. Thirty-seven species are added to the previous review of which seven are new records for Cuba: Hydrolithon boergesenii, Neogoniolithon mamillare, N. propinquum, N. rhizophorae, Lithothamnion crispatum, Liagoropsis schrammii, and Peyssonnelia rubra. The distribution of these taxa in the nine zones of the Cuban shelf is provided. Conclusions: The zones showing more species have had a greater sampling effort or were predominantly rocky reef bottoms. However, macroalgae have not been inventoried in detail in the intertidal zone, bays, and coastal lagoons. Zones with fewer species coincide in having a narrower shelf where rocky substrates dominate, although macroalgae have not been inventoried in the intertidal zone, bays, and coastal lagoons.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Desde la publicación del libro sobre las macroalgas marinas de Cuba en 2015 se han publicado nuevos registros y cambios taxonómicos. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue presentar una quinta revisión sistemática actualizada, que incluye Ochrophyta (Clase Phaeophyceae), Rhodophyta y Chlorophyta. Métodos: Se recopiló la información disponible en publicaciones científicas, tesis de licenciatura, maestría y doctorado, e informes científico-técnicos de especialistas reconocidos, considerando aquellas que no fueron comprendidas en la revisión anterior o que fueron publicadas después de 2015. Los taxones encontrados fueron ordenados sistemáticamente, los nombres actualizados y la sinonimia revisada según AlgaeBase y la literatura más reciente. Las especies se ordenaron alfabéticamente dentro de cada familia. La distribución de cada taxón se resumió para nueve zonas consideradas como Distritos Ecológicos (zonas) de la plataforma cubana. Resultados claves: Se presenta un listado florístico actualizado con 569 especies, una subespecie, 25 variedades y 21 formas. Se añaden a la anterior revisión 38 especies, de las cuales siete son nuevos registros para Cuba: Hydrolithon boergesenii, Neogoniolithon mamillare, N. propinquum, N. rhizophorae, Lithothamnion crispatum, Liagoropsis schrammii y Peyssonnelia rubra. Se da la distribución de cada uno de estos taxones en las nueve zonas de la plataforma cubana. Conclusiones: Las zonas que presentaron más especies son aquellas que han tenido un mayor esfuerzo de muestreo o donde predominan los fondos rocosos arrecifales, aunque no se han inventariado detalladamente las macroalgas en la zona mesolitoral, bahías y lagunas costeras.

Resumen La pesquisa tuvo por objeto demostrar la incidencia del viento como agente morfogenético, a través de la correlación de los clastos de arenas que constituyen las geofacies marino costeras. Se seleccionó la teoría que discute los limites morfoclimáticos y se compilan los datos de temperatura, precipitación y vientos; en campo, se clasifican las geoformas de acumulación, erosión y se realiza el muestreo de arenas por geofacies. Las muestras de arena (453 g), son tamizadas para separar sus componentes y obtener el tamaño de los clastos, seguidamente, expuestas al estereomicroscopio para determinar redondez y esfericidad por comparación visual. Posteriormente, la muestra de la planicie costera (1 g), se trata 1N (K2Cr2O7) y (H2SO4), para la reducción de materia orgánica y determinar su génesis. Finalmente, utilizando las arenas del mesolitoral como variable independiente para evidenciar la correlación entre éstas y el origen de los depósitos eólicos por geofacies, se comprueba que, con las dunas litorales existe una correlación lineal positiva y coeficiente perfecto (. ± 0,98), con las dunas nebkha una correlación lineal positiva de coeficiente perfecto (. ± 0,98), y con respecto al manto de arenas una correlación lineal positiva de coeficiente perfecto (. ± 0,96).

Abstract The purpose of the investigation was to demonstrate the incidence of wind as a morphogenetic agent through the correlation of the sand clasts that constitute the marine-coastal geofacies. Morphoclimatic limit theory was selected and the data on temperature, precipitation and winds compiled; field activities included the classification of the geoforms of accumulation and erosion as well as the sampling of sands per geofacies. Sand samples (453 g) were sieved to separate their components and assay clast sizes, followed by stereomicroscopic examination to determine roundness and sphericity by visual comparison. Subsequently, the sample from the coastal plain (1 g) was treated with 1N potassium dichromate solution (K Cr O ) and sulfuric acid (H SO ), to oxidize and eliminate organic matter and determine its genesis. Finally, the correlation between mesolittoral sand as independent variable and origin of aeolian deposits per geofacies was found to be of positive linear nature with high correlation coefficients (.) for coastal dunes (. ± 0.98), nebka dunes (. ± 0.98) and sand mantles (. ± 0.96).

Abstract This research was aimed at determining the role of herbivory by the Top Shell snail Cittarium pica on the rocky shore algal assemblage in the Santa Marta area, Colombia. Caging experiments were carried out in the upper mesolittoral from December 2017 to June 2018, with inclusion (C. pica), exclusion (no herbivores) and control (2 open sides, no cage) treatments. The natural algal decrease during the rainy season was reinforced in April, when for several days calm seas and noon low tides occurred together, producing high temperatures and desiccation, which generated their massive mortalities. Increased cover of encrusting coralline algae was observed in treatments with C. pica, insinuating that they are favored by grazing, on them or on other groups of algae. In general, herbivory by C. pica did not appear to control the algal assemblage. The current dominance of small individuals in the population from overexploitation could be responsible, owing to their physical limitation to graze on larger and firmer algae. The algae were stimulated mainly by coastal upwelling and controlled by environmental factors that sometimes can be extreme.

Resumen Esta investigación buscó determinar el papel de la herbivoría por parte del caracol Cittarium pica sobre el ensamblaje algal del litoral rocoso en el área de Santa Marta, Colombia. Se realizaron experimentos con jaulas en el mesolitoral superior entre diciembre de 2017 y junio de 2018, con tratamientos de inclusión (C. pica), exclusión (sin herbívoros) y controles (2 lados abiertos y sin jaula). La disminución natural de las algas durante la época de lluvia se vio reforzada en abril, cuando se combinaron por varios días mar calmo y mareas bajas al medio día, produciendo altas temperaturas y desecación que generaron mortandad masiva. Se observó una mayor cobertura de algas coralinas incrustantes en los tratamientos con C. pica, insinuando que las favorece el pastoreo, sobre ellas o sobre otros grupos de algas. En general, la herbivoría por C. pica no pareció controlar al ensamblaje algal. Esto podría deberse a que en la población, actualmente dominan ejemplares de tallas pequeñas como consecuencia de la sobreexplotación, lo que los limita físicamente para la ingesta de algas de mayor tamaño y textura firme. Las algas fueron estimuladas principalmente por el afloramiento costero y controladas por factores ambientales, que a veces pueden ser extremos.

Seaweeds are important as photosynthesizers in the trophic chain, human diet and economy. There is scarce research in some regions of Peru. Therefore, it was determined the diversity, distribution, ecology and economic importance of the marine algae of the coast of the La Libertad region. The collection was made in the intertidal and subtidal zones, between 1 and 15 m depth; and deposited in the Herbarium Truxillense (HUT). The material of this institution was reviewed and contrasted with previous studies. The taxonomic determination was made according to the vegetative and reproductive characters. The geographic distribution was considered by provinces (Ascope, Chepen, Pacasmayo, Trujillo, Viru), habitats, tidal zones, coastal ecosystems, depths, and one or more specimens according to the name and number of the main collector, the acronym of the herbarium, the vulgar name and economic importance if they existed. Descriptive phycogeography was estimated by the Feldmann and Cheney indices. 51 species were recorded: 12 Chlorophyta, 7 Ochrophyta and 32 Rhodophyta. The largest number of species was found in Trujillo, Ascope and Chepen, on rocks, intertidal zone and mesolitoral ecosystem. The ficoflora has tropical affinity. Rhodophyta is the most diverse. Chondracanthus chamissoi and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis present commercial interest in the region.

Las algas marinas son importantes como fotosintetizadoras en la cadena trófica, alimentación y economía humanas. Existen escasas investigaciones en algunas regiones del Perú. Por ello, se determinó la diversidad, distribución, ecología e importancia económica de las algas marinas del litoral de la región La Libertad. La colección se realizó en las zonas intermareal y submareal, entre 1 y 15 m de profundidad; y depositó en el Herbarium Truxillense (HUT). Se revisó el material de ésta institución y contrastó con estudios previos. La determinación taxonómica se realizó según los caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos. Se consideró la distribución geográfica por provincias (Ascope, Chepén, Pacasmayo, Trujillo, Virú), hábitats, zonas de marea, ecosistemas litorales, profundidades, y uno o más ejemplares según el nombre y número del colector principal, el acrónimo del herbario, el nombre vulgar y la importancia económica si existieran. La ficogeografía descriptiva fue estimada por los índices de Feldmann y Cheney. Se registraron 51 especies: 12 Chlorophyta, 7 Ochrophyta y 32 Rhodophyta. El mayor número de especies se encontró en Trujillo, Ascope y Chepén, sobre rocas, zona intermareal y ecosistema mesolitoral. La ficoflora tiene afinidad tropical. Rhodophyta es la más diversa. Chondracanthus chamissoi y Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis tienen interés comercial en la región.

Besouros da família Staphylinidae são comuns em zonas costeiras inundáveis pelas marés, como praias arenosas, manguezais, estuários e marismas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a distribuição espacial e a variação temporal da abundância ao longo de um ano, das espécies ocorrentes em duas praias arenosas (Assenodi e Cem) no Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brasil. Coletas semanais com um cilindro de PVC com 15 cm de diâmetro (0,017 m²) enterrado a 5 cm de profundidade, foram realizadas de janeiro a dezembro de 2012. A praia Assenodi apresentou altos valores de umidade de sedimento no supralitoral e pós-praia. Nesta praia, Bledius bonariensis foi dominante, mas também houve registro de B. fernandezi, ambas distribuídas nas porções superiores do perfil praial e ocorreram ao longo de todo o ano. A praia Cem apresentou valores altos de umidade do sedimento apenas no mesolitoral, em decorrência da subida e descida da maré, neste estrato B. hermani, foi a espécie dominante. Bledius bonariensis teve ocorrência ocasional em alguns meses do outono e inverno, associada a um aumento nas precipitações. A variação na abundância de B. hermani foi grande, sendo os maiores valores associados às altas temperaturas do verão. As espécies de Bledius mostraram uma clara separação espacial relacionada a distintos requerimentos ambientais, o que possibilita a coocorrência das três espécies na mesma praia em função de variações ambientais ao longo do ano.

Staphylinidae beetles are common in coastal areas flooded by tides, such as sandy beaches, mangroves, salt marshes, estuaries. The aim of this work was to investigate the spatial distribution and temporal variation in abundance throughout the year of the species sampled along two sandy beaches (Assenodi and Cem) in Pontal do Paraná, Brazil. Weekly samples with a 15 cm diameter PVC corer (0.017 m²) buried 5 cm in sediment depth were done from January to December 2012. Assenodi beach showed sediments with high humidity values at supralittoral and backshore. In this beach, Bledius bonariensis was the dominant species, and together with B. fernandezi occurred in the upper beach portion during the whole year. Cem beach showed sediment with high humidity values only at midlittoral and related to the rise and fall of the tide. Here, B. hermani was the dominant species, with B. bonariensis occurring sporadically in some autumn and winter months and related to an increase in precipitation. B. hermani presented a great variation in abundances, with highest values associated with high summer temperatures. Bledius species showed a clear spatial separation related to different environmental requirements that enable their co-occurrence within the same beach, due to environmental variations during the year.

Moluscos ocupam diferentes tipos de ambientes, incluindo a zona entremarés. O presente estudo buscou investigar a distribuição espacial de moluscos em recifes de arenito situados na zona entremarés da Praia Pacheco, no estado do Ceará, Brasil. Sobre dois transectos, foram coletadas mensalmente seis amostras de 0,25 m² em cada um, em intervalos de 30 m (0 m, 30 m, 60 m, 90 m, 120 m e 150 m) no período de agosto de 2006 a setembro de 2007. Os moluscos foram contabilizados em campo, e porções de sedimento e algas foram armazenadas para posterior triagem e análise em laboratório. Foram encontrados 74.515 indivíduos, classificados em 67 espécies, 52 gêneros e 39 famílias. Gastrópodes foram predominantes, correspondendo a 73,1% das espécies, seguidos por bivalves (22,4%) e chitons (4,5%). Caecum ryssotitum de Folin, 1867 foi o táxon mais abundante, representando 68,8% do número total de organismos. De um modo geral, a zona com maior predominância de espécies foi o Mesolitoral Médio (amostras 60 m e 90 m), sugerindo que o maior número de microambientes disponíveis nesta área pode contribuir para o estabelecimento e sobrevivência de moluscos.

Mollusks occupy different kinds of environments, including the intertidal zone. The present study investigated the spatial distribution of mollusks on beach rocks of the intertidal zone of Pacheco Beach in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Sampling occurred from August 2006 to September 2007. Across two transects, six samples of 0.25 m² were collected monthly in gaps of 30 m (0 m, 30 m, 60 m, 90 m, 120 m and 150 m). The mollusks were counted in field, and samples of sediment and algae were taken for further analysis. A total of 74,515 individuals were found and classified into 67 species, 52 genera and 39 families. Gastropods were predominant, corresponding to 73.1% of the species, followed by bivalves (22.4%) and chitons (4.5%). Caecum ryssotitum de Folin, 1867 was the most abundant taxon, representing 68.8% of total specimen findings. In general, species were mostly found in Middle Littoral zone (samples 60 m and 90 m), suggesting that the greater number of microenvironments available in this area may contribute to establishment and survival.

For the first time, the photosynthetic performance of field-grown macroalgae from the Magellan Strait was evaluated with respect to their photoadaptation in the field and acclimation potential to ultraviolet radiation. Five macroalgal species were collected in the eulittoral and the upper sublittoral: Ulva intestinalis, Porphyra columbina, Adenocystis utricularis, Desmarestia confervoides and D. ligulata. Photosynthesis vs. irradiance (P-I) curves of macroalgae cultivated in the laboratory under low white light intensities more than a week were used to assess the acclimation potential to irradiance conditions in the field. Both, photosynthetic parameters referred to as maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax) and light saturation points of photosynthesis (Ik) were species-specific and did not correlate with the position on the shore. Ik ranging between 80 and 215 μmol photons m-2 s-1 was indicative of moderate sun-adaptation in all studied species. The acclimation potential to UV-radiation was determined as the extent and the rates (m inh) of PSII inhibition (resulting from decreased maximum PSII-quantum yield (Fv/Fm)) after four hours of UV-exposure and as the subsequent rates of recovery (m ) in dim PAR. The results suggest that photosynthesis of each species during UV-exposure was transiently down regulated rather than damaged. Furthermore, no reductions in ETRmax were detected after 4 h exposure to UV-A and UV-B-radiation, and consequently the Calvin cycle could not be affected. Thus, Fv/Fm was a more sensitive parameter than ETRmax explaining the photosynthetic UV acclimation. Both, the rates of inhibition and the rates of recovery were not correlated with the morpho-functional groups of macroalgae nor to their vertical distribution. Thus, although the capacity to acclimate to UV-radiation varied among the different species, data suggest that such responses are based on metabolic adjustments or possibly photoprotective strategies. In conclusion and taking into account the light adaptation characteristics, all species collected in the midlittoral and the upper sublittoral at the Strait of Magellan seem to be well acclimated to UV-B doses occurring at their habitat, which might be a pre-requisite to withstand enhanced solar UV-B during ozone depletion or summertime irradiance conditions.

La actividad fotosintética de algas provenientes del Estrecho de Magallanes fue medida por primera vez con el propósito de determinar su fotoadaptación en terreno y su potencial de aclimatación a la radiación ultravioleta. Cinco especies fueron recolectadas desde la zona eulitoral y sublitoral superior: Ulva intestinalis, Porphyra columbina, Adenocystis utricularis, Desmarestia confervoides y D. ligulata. Curvas de fotosíntesis versus irradiancia (P-I) medidas en algas cultivadas en el laboratorio por más de una semana fueron usadas para determinar la aclimatación potencial de las algas en su habitat. Tanto las capacidades fotosintéticas, determinadas a través de la tasa máxima de transporte de electrones (ETRmax), como los puntos de saturación de fotosíntesis (Ik) fueron especies-específicas, no observándose correlaciones con la distribución vertical de las algas. Valores de Ik con rangos entre 80 y 215 μmol m-2 s-1 indicaron una moderada adaptación a la luz en todas las especies estudiadas. La aclimatación a la radiación UV fue determinada a través del grado de disminución del rendimiento cuántico máximo del PSII (Fv/Fm) y su subsiguiente tasa de recuperación. Los resultados sugieren que bajo exposición a la radiación UV, la fotosíntesis no es dañada sino más bien regulada a la baja de forma transitoria. Además, no se observaron reducciones en ETRmax después de 4 h de exposición a la radiación UV-A y UV-B, y por consiguiente el ciclo de Calvin pudo no ser afectado. De este modo, Fv/Fm fue un parámetro mucho más sensitivo que ETRmax para explicar la aclimatación de fotosíntesis a la radiación UV. Tanto las tasas de inhibición como las tasas de recuperación no estuvieron correlacionadas con grupos morfofuncionales ni con la distribución vertical. Por tanto, aunque la capacidad para aclimatar a la radiación UV varió entre las diferentes especies, los resultados sugieren que estas respuestas están basadas en ajustamientos metabólicos o posiblemente estrategias fotoprotectoras. En conclusión, y tomando en cuenta las características de adaptación a la luz, todas las especies colectadas en el mesolitoral y sublitoral del Estrecho de Magallanes están bien aclimatadas a las dosis de UV-B que ocurren en su habitat, lo cual es un prerrequisito para tolerar aumentos de UV-B durante disminución de ozono o durante condiciones de alta radiación en verano.

A zonação da macrofauna bentônica na praia do Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, foi estudada durante um ano (junho 2004 a maio de 2005) com base em coletas mensais. Para isso escolheu-se 3 locais, com 50 m de distância um do outro, sendo que em cada local foram fundeadas 3 transversais 2 m eqüidistantes. Cada transversal se estendeu desde a base das dunas primárias até aproximadamente 1m de profundidade no infralitoral, sendo 7 a 8 níveis de coleta distribuídos em cada uma das transversais. Mensalmente, utilizando-se um tubo extrator de 20 cm de diâmetro, coletou-se uma amostra biológica por transversal em cada nível, totalizando nove amostras por nível. A distância dos níveis de coleta em cada transversal foi de 20 m até o limite superior da zona de varrido, a partir da qual a distância foi de 10 m. A zonação mostrou-se variável ao longo do ano, sendo que esta variabilidade refletiu, principalmente, a maior instabilidade da zona inferior da praia, que compreendeu o mesolitoral inferior e a zona de arrebentação interna. Isto ficou evidenciado sazonalmente, com a formação de distintos grupos faunísticos de acordo com a peculiaridade de cada estação do ano. A formação destes grupos foi fortemente influenciada pelas flutuações das densidades, decorrentes dos recrutamentos e migrações de juvenis e adultos da infauna, e da sobreposição da distribuição dos organismos, em função da elevação do nível da água devido às ressacas.

Benthic macrofauna zonation was studied for one year (June 2004 to May 2005) with monthly sampling on Cassino Beach, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three sites (spaced 50 m apart) were selected. Three transects were anchored at each site, spaced equidistantly 2 m apart. Each transect extended from the base of the primary dunes to the inner surf zone at approximately 1m in depth, with between 7 and 8 sampling levels. Monthly, with a 20 cm diameter core, one biological sample was collected per transect at each level, a total of nine samples per level. Within transects, the distance between the levels was 20 m until the upper swash zone, from which the distance was 10 m until the 1-meter isobath. Zonation proved to be variable throughout the year. Variability was mainly a reflection of the greater instability of the lower part of the beach, which comprised the lower mesolittoral zone and the inner surf zone. This was evidenced seasonally with the formation of distinct groups of fauna in accordance with the peculiarity of each season of the year. The formation of these groups was strongly influenced by fluctuations in densities stemming from recruitments and the migration of juvenile and adult infauna, as well as superimposing of the distribution of organisms as a result of rises in sea level due to storms.

This work introduces a species inventory giving the dominant species their frequency of occurrence, their diversity as well as the species' accumulated relative importance of the mollusks at Playa Troncones in Guerrero State, México. It also analyzes changes in mollusk density and diversity in comparison to the annual rainfall cycle. Between December 2000 and December 2001, five three-monthly samples were carried out using 20 x 1 m² quadrats taken randomly within a strip measuring 30 x 2 m to give a total sampled area of 20 m². The richness found there was similar to that reported at another site in the State of Guerrero. The representative species of this community were Brachidontes semilaevis, Nerita funiculata, Isognomon janus, Plicopurpura pansa, Nerita scabricosta, Petaloconchus complicatus and Nodilittorina aspera. Brachidontes semilaevis and P. pansa were of greatest importance due to their abundance and frequency of appearance. The diversity index values recorded in the study area correspond to those found in tropical regions. In this study area, it was observed that an increase in rainfall produced a decrease in the average density of the organisms, whereas such increased precipitation produced an increase in the value of the biological diversity index.

Se presenta un inventario de especies, frecuencia de aparición, dominancia simple, diversidad e importancia relativa acumulada de la malacofauna presente en el mesolitoral rocoso de Playa Troncones, Guerrero. Además, se analizan los cambios de la densidad y diversidad en relación con la precipitación pluvial en un ciclo anual. Se llevaron a cabo 5 muestreos trimestrales entre diciembre 2000 y diciembre 2001, utilizando transectos de 30 m de largo con 2 m de amplitud y cuadrantes de 1 m por lado. El área de muestreo fue de 20 m². La riqueza fue similar a lo registrado en otro sitio del estado de Guerrero. Se determinaron como especies representativas de la comunidad a Brachidontes semilaevis, Nerita funiculata, Isognomon janus, Plicopurpura pansa, Nerita scabricosta, Petaloconchus complicatus y Nodilittorina aspera, siendo B. semilaevis y P. pansa las de mayor importancia por su abundancia y frecuencia de aparición. Los valores de diversidad corresponden a valores comúnmente encontrados en regiones tropicales. Se observó que al aumentar la precipitación total, la densidad promedio de los organismos tiende a disminuir al mismo tiempo que se incrementa la diversidad biológica.

A distribuição espacial da macrofauna bentônica nas praias de Tramandaí, Jardim do Éden e Harmonia foi investigadadurante cinco dias consecutivos no mês de abril de 2003. Foi analisado também o padrão de distribuição da fauna em relação aos parâmetros ambientais. Foram demarcadas três transversais distantes 50 m uma da outra em cada praia e em cada transversal foram inseridas 4 estações, nas quais foram tomadas diariamente 3 amostras da macrofauna bentônica com um corer de 20 cm de diâmetro. No mesolitoral dominaram o poliqueta Euzonus furciferus e o isópode Excirolana armata. Na zona de varrido, os migradores mareaisEmerita brasiliensis,Donax hanleyanus e Mesodesma mactroides foram os mais abundantes. Nas zonas inferiores das praias, dominaram D. hanleyanus,M. mactroides e o anfípode Puelche orensanzi. Este padrão de zonação foi encontrado para as três praias com base na média da densidade de cada espécie nos cinco dias estudados. Não foi encontrada variação na distribuição horizontal da fauna dentro e entre praias, provavelmente, devido a pouca variabilidade da declividade e a homogeneidade do tamanho do grão de sedimento que apresentaram as três praias.

The spatial distribution of benthic macrofauna on the beaches of Tramandaí, Jardim do Éden and Harmonia, was investigated over five consecutive days in April, 2003. The distribution pattern was also analyzed along with environmental parameters. Three transects were set on each beach, 50 m apart, with four sample stations set along each transect. On every station, three samples of benthic macrofauna were taken daily, with a core sampler with 20 cm diameter. In the midlittoral zone, the polychaete Euzonus furciferus and the isopod Excirolana armata dominated. In the swash zone, tidal migrators, Emerita brasiliensis,Donax hanlevanus and Mesodesma mactroides, were the most abundant species and, on some days, the polychaete Scolelepis gaucha. In the lower zones of the beaches, D. hanleyanus,M. mactroides and the amphipod Puelche orensani dominated. This zonation pattern was found for all three studied beaches, based on the average density of each species, over the five days period. Horizontal variation in the fauna was not found, either inter or intra the studied beaches, possibly due to little variability in slope and homogeneity of sediment grain size presented in the three beaches.

O crescimento relativo de Austinixa patagoniensis (Rathbun, 1918), simbionte do callianassídeo Callichirus major (Say, 1818) na praia de Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina (26º59'S, 48º39'W), foi estudado separadamente para 119 juvenis, 228 machos e 249 fêmeas. O método funcional de regressão foi utilizado para o estudo das seguintes variáveis: largura e comprimento da carapaça, largura máxima do abdome, altura máxima do própodo do quelípodo, comprimento inferior e superior total do própodo do quelípodo. A largura da carapaça (LC) foi adotada como medida de referência. Com exceção da altura do própodo do quelípodo de juvenis e do comprimento superior do própodo do quelípodo de fêmeas, que cresceram segundo o modelo linear, as demais variáveis estudadas foram melhor descritas pelo modelo potencial. A análise do crescimento relativo de A. patagoniensis permitiu observar que as diversas alterações morfológicas processadas ao longo da ontogenia desta espécie encontram-se relacionadas com fins reprodutivos. A presença de pontos de transição no crescimento da quela e do abdome, permitiu estimar o tamanho de maturação sexual de A. patagoniensis na praia de Balneário Camboriú em 7,8-7,9 mm e 7,9-8,3 mm (LC) para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. Valores praticamente idênticos foram encontrados para a mesma espécie na praia do Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul (32°13'S, 52°15'W), onde A. patagoniensis está associada ao também callianassídeo Sergio mirim (Rodrigues, 1971). Dessa forma, sugere-se que o tamanho de maturação da espécie não varia entre hospedeiros e no intervalo latitudinal analisado, apesar de terem sido detectadas diferenças no tamanho máximo atingido pelos organismos, assim como na sua fecundidade e no comportamento reprodutivo.

The relative growth of Austinixa patagoniensis (Rathbun, 1918), a symbiotic crab inhabiting burrows of the callianassid shrimp Callichirus major (Say, 1818) in Balneário Camboriú beach, Santa Catarina (26º59'S, 48º39'W) was studied in 119 juveniles, 228 males and 249 females. Functional regressions were used to describe the relative growth of the following variables: carapace length and width, abdomen width, maximum height and length of the upper and lower margins of the propodus of the left chelipod. Carapace width (CW) was used as the reference dimension. Excepting the height of the propodus of juveniles and the upper length of the chelae of females whose relative growth was described by a linear model, all variables were better described by the traditional potential model. Results of the analysis showed that morphological changes detected during the ontogeny of A. patagoniensis are related to reproduction. The occurrence of transition points in the chelae and abdomen growth indicates that the species matures in Balneário Camboriú at 7,8-7,9 mm (males) and 7,9-8,3 mm (females) of carapace width. The same values were found also for the species in Cassino beach, Rio Grande do Sul (32°13'S, 52°15'W), where the species is associated to another host, the callianassid shrimp Sergio mirim (Rodrigues, 1971). Therefore, it is suggested that the size at maturity of A. patagoniensis does not vary between hosts and latitude (at least between the studied limits), in spite of the differences observed in maximum attained sizes, fecundity and reproductive behavior of the two sites.

RESUMO As algas calcárias incrustantes ocupam grande variedade de habitats nos substratos duros. Neste estudo as características morfológicas destas algas foram relacionadas à influência de fatores ambientais. Coletas foram realizadas na Praia do Forno (RJ) utilizando transectos de linha com 10 m de comprimento com 30 pontos aleatórios para quantificação das algas calcárias. Aspectos morfológicos externos foram observados no estereomicroscópio e seções histológicas preparadas para identificação dos grupos/táxons. Seis grupos morfo-funcionais foram identificados sendo quatro mais abundantes: Hydrolithon samoënse (Foslie) D. Keats & Y. Chamberlain dominou naregião do mesolitoral(53%)eno sublitoral(57-87%)junto à clorofícea Codium spongiosum Harvey e em locais desprovidos de outras algas, expostos à ação das ondas e alta densidade de ouriços herbívoros. Spongites sp. foi abundante próximo às fendas nas rochas do mesolitoral(39-40%). Lithophyllum sp. dominou desde o mesolitoral (44%) até o sublitoral junto à Codium (43-74%) e Sargassum (74-93%). Houve discreta variação temporal na distribuição de H. samoënse e Lithophyllum sp. Talos protuberantes em Lithophyllum dominaram em locais de maior sedimentação enquanto talos planos de H. samoënse e Spongites sp. dominaram em locais de maior herbivoria. A distribuição dos grupos morfo-funcionais nos diferentes habitats concorda com padrões associados aos distúrbios bióticos e abióticos, previstos para comunidades de costões rochosos.

ABSTRACT The crustose coralline algae occupy several different habitats in the rocky shores. In this study morphological characteristics of these algae were related to the influence of environmental factors. The algae collection was done at Praia do Forno (RJ) using 10 m transects lines with 30 random points to quantify coralline algae. The morphological aspects were observed by a stereomicroscope and anatomic sections were prepared to identify the groups/taxons. Six morphological groups were identified being four more abundant. Hydrolithon samoënse (Foslie) D. Keats & Y. Chamberlain dominated on the littoral (53%) and sublittoral zones together with the chlorophyte Codium spongiosum Harvey and on barren rocks, exposed to wave action and high density of herbivorous sea-urchins(57-87%). Spongites sp was abundant on nearby rocky crevices on the littoral zone (39-40%). Lithophyllum sp. dominated from littoral (44%) to sublitoral zones together with Codium (43-74%) and Sargassum(74-93%). There was inconspicuous seasonal variation on the distribution of H. samoënse and Lithophyllum sp. Protuberant thalli of Lithophyllum dominated in places under high sedimentation while flat thalli of H. samoënse and Spongites dominated in areas with high herbivory. The distribution of form-functional groups in different habitats agrees with patterns associated with biotic and abiotic disturbances, expected for rocky shore communities.

Se presenta la distribución y abundancia de las especies conspicuas de gastrópodos y bivalvos encontradas en cinco playas rocosas de la Bahía Cuatecomate, Jalisco. El muestreo se realizó desde septiembre de 1993 hasta marzo de 1994 usando cuadrantes de 0.75 m2 colocados a lo largo de líneas de transectos (longitud = 10 m) en réplica, en las zonas supralitoral y mesolitoral (intermareal superior, medio e inferior). Se recolectó 6 643 moluscos. Los gastrópodos dominaron las muestras (6 272 individuos, 44 especies), los bivalvos fueron menos abundantes y diversos (371 individuos, cinco especies). Diecisiete especies representaron el 89.8% de todos los individuos recolectados. Los gastrópodos Nodilittorina aspera y Nerita scabricosta fueron los más abundantes con 637.8 y 71.43 individuos/m2, respectivamente. Los bivalvos más abundantes fueron Brachidontes adamsianus y Chloromytilus palliopunctatus con 60.7 y 61.3 individuos/m2, respectivamente. La abundancia de gastrópodos disminuyó desde el supralitoral hacia las zonas inferiores mientras que el número de especies aumentó en esa misma dirección. El número de especies de bivalvos también aumentó desde el supralitoral hacia la zona intermareal inferior; la abundancia de individuos fue mayor en la zona intermareal media. La afinidad entre grupos de especies de diferentes estaciones de muestreo fue identificada calculando el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson usando los valores de abundancia (ind./m2), y el índice de disimilaridad de Jaccard usando la información sobre presencia o ausencia de las especies en la zona intermareal inferior. La afinidad entre estaciones no dependió de su cercanía sino de la alta dominancia de algunas especies, de la abundancia relativa de las especies secundarias y de las características propias de cada playa.

The vertical distribution and abundance of conspicuous gastropod and bivalve species were studied at five rocky beaches in Cuastecomate Bay, Jalisco. Sampling was done from September, 1993 through March, 1994 with 0.75 m2 quadrants placed along replicate transect lines (10 m long) in the supralittoral and mesolittoral (upper, middle and lower intertidal) zones. A total of 6 643 mollusks were collected. Gastropods dominated the samples (6 272 individuals, 44 species); the bivalves were less abundant and diverse (371 individuals, five species). Seventeen species comprised 89.8% of all individuals collected. The gastropods Nodilittorina aspera and Nerita scabricosta were the most abundant with 637.8 and 71.43 individuals/m2, respectively. The most abundant bivalves were Brachidontes adamsianus and Chloromytilus palliopunctatus with 60.7 and 61.3 individuals/m2 respectively. The abundance of gastropods decreased from the supralittoral to the lower tidal zones while the number of species increased in the same direction. The number of species of bivalves also increased from the supralittoral to the lower intertidal zone; the abundance of individuals was higher at the middle intertidal zone. Affinities between groups of species among sampling stations were identified by computing Pearson’s correlation coefficient using abundance values (ind./m2) and Jaccard's dissimilarity index using species presence or absence in the lower intertidal zone. Affinity among stations was not dependent upon their vicinity but on the high dominance of few species, the occurrence of many secondary species and beach characteristics.

Resumo O Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha localiza-se acerca de 546km da cidade de Recife, Pernambuco. A partir de coletas realizadas em julho de 1986, nas zonas supralitoral, mesolitoral e infralitoral, o presente trabalho apresenta a listagem das 106 espécies identificadas, sendo 33 Chlorophyceae, 22 Phaeophyceae e 51 Rhodophyceae, e sua distribuição ao longo de 11 pontos de coleta selecionados do lado noroeste da Ilha de Fernando de Noronha e da Ilha Rata. Dentre as espécies citadas, 25 são referências novas para a região. Comentários s3o feitos a respeito dos grupos de interesse taxonômico e ecológico.

Abstract The Fernando de Noronha Archipelago is located approximately at 546 km from the city of Recife, Pernambuco. Based on field collections carried out at July, 1986 at supralittoral, midlittoral and infralittoral zones, this paper presents a list of 106 species, consisting of 33 Chlorophyceae, 22 Phaeophyceae and 51 Rhodophyceae, and their distribution along the 11 sites visited at the northwestern side of the Fernando de Noronha and Rata Islands. From the identified species, 25 are hereby mentioned for the first time in this area. Comments on important taxonomic and ecologycal groups are presented.

Pela leitura das descrições originais dos gêneros de Scissurellidae , conclue-se que os nomes validos destes gêneros são: Scissurella d'Orbigny, 1823 (redescriçao por Sowerby, 1824), Anatoma Woodward, 1859, Inoisura Hedley,1904, Soissurona Iredale, 1924 e Sinezona Finlay, 1927. Scissurella e Anatoma são cosmopolitas; o primeiro encontra-se geralmente em águas rasas e associado a algas; o segundo habita Iguas profundas. Os três últimos gêneros são restritos à Australásia. Três novas espécies são descritas para a costa do Brasil: Scissurella alexandrei, SoissurelÃa eleotilis e Scissurella morretesi. Da primeira foi estudada a anatomia interna. Estas tres espécies novas foram encontradas em ãguas rasas; S. alexandrei e S.eleotilis provem de amostras de algas do mesolitoral inferior. Conhece-se uma quarta espécie de Scissure11idae para o Brasil: Anatoma aedonia (Watson, 1886), dragada em 1873 pelo 'Challenger', ao largo da costa de Pernambuco, em profundidade de 640 m.

A consultation of the original descriptions of the genera of Scissurellidae led the author to conclude that the valid names for the genera of this family are: Scissurella d'Orbigny, 1823 (redescription by Sowerby, 1824), Anatoma Woodward, 1859, Inoisura Hedley, 1904, Scissurona Iredale, 1924, Sinezona Finlay, 1927. Scissurella and Anatoma are cosmopolites, the first generally living in shallow waters, associated to sea-weeds, while the second is found in deep waters. The three last genera are restricted to Australasia. Three new species are described from the Brazilian coast: Soissu rella alexandrei, Scissurella eleotilis and Scissurella morretesi. The internal anatomy of S. alexandrei is described. These three new species have been found in littoral shallow waters, the two first on the northeast Brazilian coast, the third on the coast of the State of São Paulo. The fourth known species of Scissurellidae from Brazil, Anatoma aedonia (Watson, 1886), was dredged by H.M.S, "Challenger", in 1873, off Pernambuco, 350 fm (640 m).