Abstract Introduction. Climate change adaptation measures require informed decision-making. However, small-scale agriculture shows low rates of technology adoption due to cost and lack of connectivity. Objective. To evaluate three low-cost prototypes of small-scale agriculture devices for soil moisture measurement in different soil textures, as well as to determine the respective calibration equations, and the effects of electrical conductivity and temperature on moisture measurement. Materials and methods. Three measurement and recording prototypes for soil moisture were evaluated in soils with variations in clay/sand content and electrical conductivity in productive plots at Zamorano University in Honduras and a demonstration farm in Popayán, Colombia during the first quarter of 2022. Commercial sensors were used as a reference to compare the performance of the prototypes through regression analysis of hourly sensor readings over 90 days. Electrical conductivity (dS/m) and temperature variables were collected to determine their influence on moisture reading accuracy. Results. The soil moisture measurement devices showed better performance in soils with lower sand content. The measurement from the devices overestimated moisture readings by 0.19 to 0.52 percentage points for each additional degree of soil temperature. Additionally, for each additional dS/m of electrical conductivity, the reading needed adjustment by 8 to 55 percentage points. Conclusions. Prototype A was the most accurate device, while prototype B was the most precise compared to commercial sensors. Soil moisture devices performed best in soils with lower sand content. The three models evaluated performed best in loam soil with a medium clay content.

Resumen Introducción. Las medidas de adaptación al cambio climático requieren de la toma de decisiones informadas. Sin embargo, la agricultura de pequeña escala muestra bajas tasas de adopción de tecnologías por su costo y falta de conectividad. Objetivo. Evaluar tres prototipos de dispositivos para agricultura de pequeña escala y de bajo costo para medir humedad de suelo en diferentes texturas, así como determinar las respectivas ecuaciones de calibración y los efectos de conductividad eléctrica y temperatura en la medida de humedad. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron tres prototipos de dispositivos de medición y registro de humedad de suelo, en suelos con diferencial en contenido de arcilla/arena y conductividad eléctrica en parcelas productivas de la Universidad Zamorano, en Honduras; y Finca demostrativa en Popayán, Colombia, durante el primer trimestre del 2022. Se tomaron como referencia sensores comerciales para la comparación del desempeño de los prototipos, mediante análisis de regresión de las lecturas por hora de los sensores durante 90 días. Se recolectaron las variables de conductividad eléctrica (dS/m) y temperatura para determinar la influencia en la precisión de la lectura de humedad. Resultados. Los dispositivos de medición y registro de humedad presentaron un mejor desempeño en suelos con menor contenido de arena. La medición de los dispositivos sobrestimó entre 0,19 y 0,52 puntos porcentuales la lectura de humedad por cada grado adicional de temperatura del suelo, y que por cada dS/m adicional de conductividad eléctrica la lectura se debe ajustar entre 8 y 55 puntos porcentuales. Conclusiones. El prototipo A fue el dispositivo más exacto, mientras que el prototipo B fue el más preciso, con respecto a los sensores comerciales. Los dispositivos de humedad presentaron un mejor desempeño en suelos con menor contenido de arena. Los tres modelos evaluados obtuvieron el mejor desempeño en suelo franco con contenido medio de arcilla.

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop an eco-friendly, recyclable, and cost-effective composite material for use in storage sheds and machine workshops. The new composite consists of stone dust and gravel bricks bonded by recycled polypropylene through heat treatment. The main focus of this study is to determine the effects of varying polymer proportions on the resistance and permeability properties of the studied composite, intending to achieve optimal properties, i.e., high resistance and low permeability. To do this, the 2² factorial arrangement was employed, comprising four treatments along with three central points, each replicated three times. The data was statistically analyzed at a 95% confidence level from an adapted methodology. This involved tests of compression strength, 3-point bending strength, Los Angeles abrasion, and water absorption by immersion, in which three percentages of polymer content (PC) - 15, 25, and 35% - and aggregates (fine sand, medium sand, and coarse sand - FS, MS, and CS) were used to prepare the composite. The developed composite was deemed suitable for use in storage warehouses and machine workshops, as it presented physical and mechanical appropriate characteristics, i.e., a low water absorption rate and high resistance to compression and abrasion, in addition to being an environmentally friendly composite. ecofriendly, ecofriendly eco friendly, eco-friendly recyclable costeffective cost effective workshops treatment ie i e i.e. 2 employed points times 95 methodology strength 3point point 3 abrasion immersion PC (PC 15 25 35 fine FS MS CS characteristics i.e 9 1

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver um material compósito ecológico, reciclável e de baixo custo para uso em galpões de armazenamento e oficinas de máquinas. O novo compósito consiste em um bloco de pó de pedra e cascalho unidos por polipropileno reciclado através de tratamento térmico. O foco principal deste estudo é determinar os efeitos de variações nas proporções de polímeros nas propriedades de resistência e permeabilidade do compósito estudado, visando alcançar propriedades ótimas, ou seja, alta resistência e baixa permeabilidade. Para isso, utilizou-se o arranjo fatorial 2², composto por quatro tratamentos e três pontos centrais, cada um replicado três vezes. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de confiança de 95% a partir de metodologia adaptada. Isso envolveu testes de resistência à compressão, resistência à flexão em 3 pontos, abrasão Los Angeles e absorção de água por imersão, nos quais três porcentagens de teor de polímero (PC) - 15, 25 e 35% - e agregados (areia fina, areia média, e areia grossa - FS, MS e CS) foram usadas para preparar o compósito. O compósito desenvolvido foi considerado adequado para utilização em armazéns e oficinas de máquinas, pois apresentou características físicas e mecânicas adequadas, ou seja, baixa taxa de absorção de água e alta resistência à compressão e abrasão, além de ser um compósito ecologicamente correto. ecológico máquinas térmico estudado ótimas seja isso utilizouse utilizou se 2² centrais vezes 95 adaptada imersão PC (PC 15 2 35 fina média FS CS adequadas correto 9 1

ABSTRACT The city of Bahía Blanca, located in the southwest of the province of Buenos Aires, has sustained for several decades a strong process of territorial expansion towards urban peripheral sectors. The use of land in the east and southeast of the city is currently manifested as an important element in the urban structure, sometimes without an adequate geotechnical study to know their response to the loads they can bear when used as physical support for engineering structures. With the aim of characterizing and classifying the soils of the outcropping and subsoil units of the sector, standardized in situ tests were carried out: resistance to penetration to estimate the compactness of the soil in its natural state and density of the soil in situ by the cone of sand method. In the laboratory, the granulometry determination method was applied by wet sieving and the Atterberg limits were determined. Based on the established parameters, the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) was carried out. The preliminary studies carried out allowed us to define that, in the study area, the soils vary in depth from fine soils, clays of medium to high plasticity and silts of low plasticity, which grade to clayey sands / silty sands. The soils studied are mainly made up of: soils type CH and Cl on the surface that grade to SC and

RESUMEN La ciudad de Bahía Blanca, ubicada en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, sostiene desde hace varias décadas un fuerte proceso de expansión territorial hacia sectores periféricos urbanos. El uso de las tierras en el este y sudeste de la ciudad, se manifiesta actualmente como un elemento importante en la estructura urbana, en ocasiones sin un adecuado estudio geotécnico para estudiar su respuesta ante las cargas que puedan soportar cuando son utilizados como soporte físico de estructuras ingenieriles. Con el objetivo de caracterizar y clasificar los suelos de las unidades aflorantes y del subsuelo del sector, se realizaron ensayos normalizados in situ: resistencia a la penetración para estimar la compacidad del suelo en estado natural y densidad del suelo in situ por el método de cono de arena. En laboratorio se aplicó método de determinación de la granulometría mediante tamizado por vía húmeda y se determinaron los límites de Atterberg. En función a los parámetros establecidos se realizó la Clasificación Unificada de Suelos (Unified Soil Classification System, USCS). Los estudios preliminares realizados permitieron definir que, en el área de estudio los suelos varían en profundidad desde suelos finos, arcillas de plasticidad media a alta y limos de baja plasticidad, que gradan a arenas arcillosas / arenas limosas. Los suelos estudiados están constituidos principalmente por: suelos tipo CH y Cl en superficie que gradan a SC y SM.

Abstract MS is extensively used in oil and gas industries, but its inherent susceptibility to corrosive attack in marine environments with high C of Cl- is a shortcoming to its applications in such inevitable medium. Coating has been a popular means of mitigating steel structures corrosion. This work assessed the effect of Zn-ZnO based AW-SS composite as AC material on a MS substrate in a marine environment. The Zn-ZnO base was separately subject to CD with SS, DLFA and LSLA particulates on MS substrates. PDP method was used to ascertain corrosion behaviors of the coated samples in a simulated SW environment. The samples ( and microstructural properties were studied by a microhardness tester and SEM, respectively. The results indicated that the samples ( increased when they were coated by SS and LSLA higher C, which had the highest and lowest (, respectively. The coatings CP improved visibly with SS, which had the highest value (61.4%), followed by DLFA (53.8%) and LSLA (44.3%). AW incorporated into Zn-ZnO is a potential AC material.

Abstract Integrated field and laboratory characterisation of geomaterial behaviour is critical to foundation analysis and design for a wide range of offshore and onshore infrastructure. Challenges include the need for high-quality sampling, addressing natural and induced micro-to-macro structures, and applying soil and stress states that represent both in-situ and in-service conditions. This paper draws on the Authors’ recent research with stiff glacial till, dense marine sand and low-to-medium density chalk, and focuses particularly on these geomaterials’ mechanical behaviour, from small strains to failure, their anisotropy and response to cyclic loading. It considers a range of in-situ techniques as well as highly instrumented monotonic and cyclic stress-path triaxial experiments and hollow cylinder apparatus tests. The outcomes are shown to have important implications for the analysis of large driven piles under monotonic-and-cyclic, axial-and-lateral loading, and the development of practical design methods. Also highlighted are the needs for approaches that integrate field observations, advanced sampling and laboratory testing, numerical and theoretical modelling. infrastructure highquality high quality microtomacro micro macro structures insitu in situ inservice service conditions Authors till lowtomedium low medium chalk geomaterials failure loading stresspath path tests monotonicandcyclic, monotonicandcyclic cyclic, monotonic-and-cyclic axialandlateral axial lateral methods observations testing modelling

ABSTRACT Background: Hancornia speciosa is a species known for its medicinal and nutritional properties. Despite being a plant native to several regions of Brazil, some aspects of its production system are not yet well defined. Large-scale asexual propagation stands out, making it difficult to establish commercial orchards with materials with superior characteristics. In this context, this article aimed to investigate the scientific production related to the propagation and conservation of the mangabeira, using a mixed methodology of bibliometric analysis and literature review. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were consulted and the VOSviewer software was used to map the cooperation network between authors, institutions, and keywords. Results: The study included 72 articles and found a significant increase in scientific production on mangabeira propagation and conservation since 2009. Most studies focused on seed technology, seedling production, in vitro propagation and conservation, and cryopreservation. Additionally, it was observed that mangabeira seeds do not tolerate a reduction in moisture content, and the combination of materials for the composition of the substrate, such as coconut fiber, manure, and sand, can provide an adequate basis for developing seedlings. It was also observed that MS culture medium, complete or with half saline concentration, or WPM medium can be used for in vitro germination and initial seedling growth. Conclusion: Through this review, we concluded that the mangabeira presents substantial potential for the development of innovative propagation techniques, with a special focus on methods that facilitate the clonal propagation of the species, such as grafting, rooting cuttings, and micropropagation. It is expected that future research will expand knowledge about the in vitro and ex vitro propagation of this species, contributing to the expansion of commercial plantations with a focus on adding to the processing of its fruits. Background properties Brazil defined Largescale Large scale out characteristics context review authors institutions keywords Results 7 2009 technology cryopreservation Additionally content substrate fiber manure sand seedlings concentration growth Conclusion techniques grafting cuttings micropropagation fruits 200 20 2

Abstract The effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the concrete quality and the corrosion resistance of carbon steel reinforcement was evaluated. The concrete mix was calculated at a ratio of 1: 1.86: 2.14: 0.46 (cement: sand: gravel: water); the dosages of GO were 0.03 wt.% and 0.05 wt.% and the superplasticizer (PC) concentration was 0.6 wt.% concerning the cement mass. Compressive strength tests (7, 28, and 91 days), water absorption tests, determination of voids index (WATIDVI), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing, and optical microscopy analysis were carried out. All concrete samples showed excellent compactness and low porosity. Open circuit potential measurements and linear polarization resistance (LPR) were performed during 15 cycles of partial immersion and drying of concrete in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. A beneficial effect of 0.03 wt.% of GO addition on the corrosion resistance of the reinforced concrete was identified in the saline medium and the corrosion inhibition efficiency obtained was 79.3%. (GO evaluated 1 1.86 186 86 2.14 214 2 14 046 0 46 0.4 (cement sand gravel water) 003 03 0.0 wt wt. 005 05 PC (PC 06 6 0. mass 7, 7 (7 28 9 days, days , days) WATIDVI, WATIDVI (WATIDVI) UPV (UPV testing out porosity LPR (LPR 35 3 5 3. solution 793 79 79.3% 1.8 18 8 2.1 21 04 4 00 ( (WATIDVI 79.3 1. 2. 79.

Summary: The Integrated north region of Santa Cruz department, Bolivia is an important agro-industrial zone for the production and transformation of sugar cane into derivatives of alcohol, sugar and ethanol. The area for sugar cane cultivation is in full geographical expansion, thus, the objective of our study was to determine the texture classes of the soils planned for intensive production and future expansion. For this purposes, the counties of greatest interest are Portachuelo, Montero, Warnes, Saavedra, Mineros, Fernández Alonso, Colpa Bélgica and San Pedro. We used the soil texture classification proposed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The texture map was computed using the ordinary Kriging geostatistical model. In the study area, 459 soil samples were collected, which were classified into nine out of 12 textural classes established by USDA. Three percent of the textural classes were coarse textured soils (sand, sandy loam), 77% were medium soils (sandy loam, loam, silt loam and silt) and 20% were clayed soils (clay loam clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silt clay and clay). According to literature, medium-textured soils are the most suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane, which was the predominant soil texture in our study area (sandy loam = 115, sandy loam = 86 and silt loam = 153).

Resumen: La región del norte Integrado del departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia, se constituye una zona agroindustrial importante para la producción y transformación de la caña de azúcar en derivados de alcohol, azúcar y etanol; donde, la superficie destinada a la producción de este cultivo se encuentra en plena expansión geográfica. Por consiguiente, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la clase textural de los suelos con fines de producción intensiva y de futura expansión, siendo los municipios de mayor interés Portachuelo, Montero, Warnes, Saavedra, Mineros, Fernández Alonso, Colpa Bélgica y San Pedro. La clasificación de la textura del suelo se basó en los lineamientos del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos (USDA) y la confección del mapa de textura se realizó mediante el modelo geoestadístico de Kriging ordinaria. En el área de estudio se recolectaron 459 muestras de suelo, mismas que permitieron la clasificación en nueve clases texturales, de las 12 establecidas por USDA, de las cuales, 3% perteneció a los tipo de suelos ligeros (arena, franco arenoso), 77% a suelos medios (franco arenoso, franco, franco limoso y limo) y 20% a suelos pesados (franco arcilloso arcillo, franco arcilloso, franco arcilloso limoso, arcillo arenoso, arcillo limoso y arcilloso), identificado según el soporte bibliográfico, los suelos de textura media son los más aptos para el cultivo de la caña de azúcar. En consecuencia, en el área geográfica estudiada predominan los suelos con dichas condiciones texturales (franco arenoso = 115, franco arenoso = 86 y franco limoso = 153) ocupando un área geográfica mayor que los municipios en cuestión.

Resumen Introducción: La contaminación por microplásticos es un problema global en los ecosistemas marinos, con impacto sobre microorganismos y ecosistemas en varios niveles espaciales. Las playas arenosas son ambientes de deposición donde se tiende a acumular gran cantidad de microplásticos. La co-ocurrencia de meiofauna intersticial y microplásticos en granos de arena plantea la pregunta de que si la acumulación de microplásticos en sedimentos afecta la abundancia y composición de comunidades de meiofauna. Objetivo: Probar la hipótesis de que microplásticos afectan la meiofauna de playas arenosas urbanas. Métodos: Estudiamos las tres principales playas arenosas urbanas de Santa Marta, Colombia: El Rodadero, Bahía Santa Marta y Taganga. Estas son similares en morfología y presiones externas, y difieren de las otras playas de la región. En abril 2019 recolectamos 81 muestras de arena, distribuidas de manera equidistante en la zona intermareal (nivel intermareal superior, medio y bajo). Aplicamos modelos lineales generalizados de abundancia, y pruebas permutacionales multivariantes a la composición de comunidades. Resultados: Identificamos 17 grupos taxonómicos de meiofauna, y partículas de microplástico (principalmente fibras de 45-500 micras) distribuidos equitativamente a lo largo de las playas y niveles intermareales. Hubo más meiofauna en el nivel intermareal medio, y en sedimentos de grano mediano y fino. A niveles intermareales más bajos, sitios con más microplásticos tuvieron menos meiofauna. La abundancia de los microplásticos explicó el 39 % de la variación en comunidades de meiofauna a niveles intermareales bajos. Conclusión: La acumulación de microplásticos podría tener un impacto negativo sobre las comunidades de meiofauna intersticial. Esto no es de sorprender: si los microplásticos ocupan el mismo volumen físico que estos animales, estos podrían presuntamente modificar la estructura de sedimentos y la composición del agua intersticial.

Abstract Introduction: Pollution by microplastics is a global problem in marine environments, which impacts microorganisms and ecosystems at several spatial levels. Sandy beaches are depositional environments where microplastics tend to accumulate in large quantities. The co-occurrence of interstitial meiofauna and microplastics in sand grains raises the question on whether the accumulation of microplastics in the sediments affects the abundance and composition of the meiofaunal communities. Objective: To test the hypothesis that microplastics affect the meiofauna of urban sandy beaches. Methods: We studied the three main urban sandy beaches of Santa Marta, Colombia: El Rodadero, Santa Marta Bay, and Taganga. All are similar in morphology and external pressures, and differ from other beaches in the region. In April 2019 we collected 81 sand samples, equally distributed in the intertidal zone (upper, mid, and lower intertidal levels). We applied generalized linear models to abundance, and multivariate permutational tests to community composition. Results: We identified 17 taxonomic groups of meiofauna, and microplastic particles (mainly 45-500 micron fibres) evenly distributed across beaches and intertidal levels. There was more meiofauna at the mid intertidal level, and in fine and medium grain sediment. At the lower intertidal level, sites with more microplastics had less meiofauna. Abundance of microplastics explained 39 % of the variation in meiofaunal community composition at lower intertidal levels. Conclusions: The accumulation of microplastics might have a negative impact on these meiofaunal interstitial communities. This is not surprising: if microplastics occupy the same physical space as these animals, they might presumably modify the structure of sediments and the composition of interstitial water.

The water treatment sludge (WTS) is a residue composed of organic and inorganic matter in a solid, liquid, and gaseous state that has a variable composition concerning its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The irregular disposal of WTS can promote harmful changes to the environment, such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and increase in the concentration of aluminum and other metals in the receiving watercourses. To propose a suitable purpose for this residue, this work evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete and corrosion resistance of the reinforcement in a cementitious composite using WTS in replacement to the natural sand. A conventional concrete and a conventional mortar were used as a reference and a 3% WTS-content concrete, and a 3% WTS-content mortar were prepared to evaluate the WTS influence in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. By electrochemical measurements, it was observed that the resistance of the cementitious matrix was not altered by WTS addition. Regarding steel resistance, the WTS may promote a higher susceptibility to frame corrosion, which can be correlated to the lower pH than reference medium (REF). The concrete reinforcement characterization indicates that concretes with WTS can be used as reinforced concrete structure in urban areas. (WTS solid liquid chemical characteristics environment watercourses sand 3 WTScontent content measurements addition REF. REF . (REF) areas (REF

Abstract Continental dunes are key features for the study of climatic oscillations that occurred during the Quaternary. These deposits occur in different spatial contexts in Brazil and reflect their formative paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions. The present work proposes a synthesis of the literature on the subject over the last 30 years, integrating geochronological and environmental information on the continental dunes present in the Brazilian territory. The data from dating by LOE and TL indicate the occurrence of wind deposition from the Middle Pleistocene (253.8±19.0ka) to the present (0.165±0.025ka) with alternation between periods of lower and higher activity. Parabolic dunes, sand sheets, and deflation basins (blowouts) predominate in the studied areas. Cyclical and anomalous mechanisms, such as Palei-ENSO, appear to have been responsible for the onset of drier phases, leadind to a greater supply of sediments and the consequent formation of dune deposits. The good resolution of the chronological data also suggests that the dunes act as important geo-archives for studying environmental changes with medium to short recurrence intervals.

Resumo Dunas continentais são feições de importância primordial para o estudo das oscilações climáticas ocorridas ao longo do Quaternário. No Brasil, esses depósitos aparecem em distintos contextos espaciais e refletem as suas condições paleoambientais e paleoclimáticas formadoras. O presente trabalho propõe apresentar uma síntese da literatura acerca do tema no transcurso dos últimos 30 anos, integrando as informações geocronológicas e ambientais a respeito das dunas continentais existentes no território brasileiro. Os dados analisados de datações por LOE e TL apontam para a possível ocorrência de deposições eólicas desde o Pleistoceno Médio (253,8±19ka) até o presente (0,165±0,025ka), com alternância entre momentos de menor e maior atividade. Dunas parabólicas, lençóis de areia e bacias de deflação (blowouts) são predominantes nas áreas estudadas. Mecanismos cíclicos e anômalos, como o Paleo-ENOS, parecem ter sido responsáveis pela instalação de fases mais secas que levaram à maior oferta de sedimentos e à consequente formação dos depósitos dunares. A boa resolução dos dados cronológicos sugere ainda que as dunas funcionam como importantes geoarquivos para o estudo de mudanças ambientais com intervalos de médio a curto prazo de recorrência.

Résumé Les dunes continentales sont des éléments extrêmement importants pour l'étude des oscillations climatiques produites tout au long du Quaternaire. Au Brésil, ces gisements apparaissent dans différents contextes spatiaux et reflètent leurs conditions paleo-environnementales et paleo-climatiques formatives. Le présent travail vise à présenter une synthèse de la littérature sur le sujet au cours des 30 dernières années, intégrant des informations géochronologiques et environnementales sur les dunes continentales existantes dans le territoire brésilien. Les données analysées à partir des datations par Luminescence stimulée optiquement et par thermoluminescence indiquent l'apparition de dépôts éoliens du Pléistocène Moyen (253,8±19,0ka) à nos jours (0,165±0,025ka) avec une alternance entre des moments d'activité plus faible et plus élevée. Les dunes paraboliques, les nappes de sable et les bassins de déflation (blowouts) prédominent dans les zones d'étude. Des mécanismes cycliques et anormaux, comme le páleoENSO, semblent avoir été responsables de l'installation de phases plus sèches qui ont donné lieu à une plus grande contribution de sédiments et à la formation conséquente de dépôts dunaires. La bonne résolution des données chronologiques suggère également que les dunes fonctionnent comme des géo-archives importantes pour l'étude des changements environnementaux avec des intervalles de récurrence de moyen à court terme.

Resumen Las dunas continentales son elementos de suma importancia para el estudio de las oscilaciones climáticas que se produjeron a lo largo del Cuaternario. En Brasil, estos depósitos aparecen en diferentes contextos espaciales y reflejan sus condiciones paleoambientales y paleoclimáticas formativas. El presente trabajo propone presentar una síntesis de la literatura sobre el tema a lo largo de los últimos 30 años, incorporando informaciones geocronológicas y ambientales sobre las dunas continentales existentes en el territorio brasileño. Los datos analizados a partir de dataciones por Luminiscencia Ópticamente Estimulada y Termoluminiscencia apuntan a la ocurrencia de depósitos eólicos desde el Pleistoceno Medio (253,8±19,0ka) hasta el presente (0,165±0,025ka) con alternancia entre momentos de menor y mayor actividad. Las dunas parabólicas, los mantos de arena y las cuencas de deflación (blowouts) son predominantes en las áreas de estudio. Mecanismos cíclicos y anómalos, como Paleo-ENOS, parecen haber sido los responsables de la instalación de fases más secas que dieron lugar a un mayor aporte de sedimentos y, consecuentemente, a la formación de depósitos dunares. La buena resolución de los datos cronológicos también sugiere que las dunas funcionan como geoarchivos importantes para el estudio de cambios ambientales, con intervalos de recurrencia de mediano a corto plazo.

Abstract The Pantanal comprehends a set of heterogeneous and biodiverse landscapes of esteemed environmental, economic and social value. The study of soils is effective to stratify and to understanding the operation of these environments. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare soils of lake landscapes of the Pantanal: baías (freshwater lakes), salinas (alkaline lakes) and their respective levees (sandy ridges originally with forest vegetation). For this purpose, we carried out field work with sampling, in triplicate, of superficial soil layers in 12 representative areas of low and high Nhecolândia; analytical determinations of 26 soil attributes were performed, totaling 936 response variables and statistical analyses were performed in order to synthesize the data and present the results. In both landscapes, the fine sand fraction predominates in the soil granulometry. The textural class of the soils varied from very sandy, medium sandy and medium sandy for the baías; very sandy for the levees, with particle density related to the presence of quartz; and very sandy, medium sandy, medium clayey and clayey for the salinas. In the chemical attributes and organic matter, the baías stand out for higher potential acidity (H+Al), slightly high organic matter contents and availability of metal ions, especially Fe; in the levees, higher average remaining phosphorus (Prem) are more evident; while the saline lake soils are related to more alkaline pH values, high base saturation and high Sodium Saturation Indices (ISNa). Salinas landscapes presented the highest data variability and have soil attributes that refer to the action of different environmental processes. value environments freshwater lakes, lakes , vegetation. vegetation . vegetation) sampling triplicate 1 Nhecolândia 2 93 results granulometry quartz H+Al, HAl H+Al H Al (H+Al) ions Fe Prem (Prem evident values ISNa. ISNa (ISNa) processes 9 (H+Al (ISNa

Resumo O Pantanal compreende um conjunto de paisagens heterogêneas e biodiversas de estimado valor ambiental, econômico e social. O estudo dos solos é efetivo para estratificar e compreender o funcionamento desses ambientes. Objetivou-se caracterizar e comparar solos de paisagens lacustres do Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense: baías (lagos de água doce), salinas (lagos alcalinos) e suas respectivas cordilheiras (cordões arenosos originalmente com vegetação florestal). Para tanto, realizou-se trabalho de campo com amostragens, em triplicata, de camadas superficiais do solo em 12 áreas representativas da baixa e alta Nhecolândia; procedeu-se determinações analíticas de 26 atributos do solo, totalizando 936 variáveis resposta e; análises estatísticas foram realizadas visando a síntese dos dados e apresentação dos resultados. Em ambas as paisagens predomina a fração areia fina na granulometria do solo. A classe textural dos solos variou de muito arenosa, arenosa média e média arenosa para as baías; muito arenosa para as cordilheiras, com Dp relacionada a presença do quartzo; e muito arenosa, arenosa média, média argilosa e argilosa para as salinas. Com relação aos atributos químicos e matéria orgânica, as baías se destacam pela maior acidez potencial (H+Al), teores de MO ligeiramente elevados e disponibilidade de íons metálicos, sobretudo Fe; nas cordilheiras, maiores médias de P-rem são mais evidentes; já os solos de salinas se relacionam a valores de pH mais alcalinos, elevada saturação por bases e altos índices de saturação por Sódio (ISNa). Paisagens de salinas apresentaram a maior variabilidade de dados e possuem atributos do solo que remetem a ação de diferentes processos ambientais. ambiental social ambientes Objetivouse Objetivou SulMatoGrossense Sul Mato Grossense Sul-Mato-Grossense lagos doce, doce , doce) alcalinos cordões florestal. florestal . florestal) tanto realizouse realizou amostragens triplicata 1 Nhecolândia procedeuse procedeu 2 93 resultados quartzo orgânica H+Al, HAl H+Al H Al (H+Al) metálicos Fe Prem P rem evidentes ISNa. ISNa (ISNa) ambientais 9 (H+Al (ISNa

Abstract Studying a watershed in the Amazon region requires understanding that this region has national and global relevance. The fact that the study area is located in the so-called arc of deforestation raises the need to understand its context, its vulnerabilities, and its physical, environmental, and anthropic components. This research assesses the environmental vulnerability of the Buriticupu River Watershed in Maranhão State, Brazil. The aim is to foster improvements that may contribute to environmental planning and, specifically, to water resource management. For this purpose, the authors used the Geographic Information System environment to work with Map Algebra, interrelating primary and secondary data on geology, relief, pedology, and land use and land cover to generate synthesis cartography. The results pointed to areas with predominantly medium vulnerability. However, the analyses highlight alluvial plains, which became the most fragile areas from an environmental point of view. This is mainly because these areas comprise water-saturated soils (gleysols), unconsolidated deposits of sand and silt (alluvial deposits), and extensive humid vegetation, characteristics of igapó and floodplain forests. This research generated a document that applies is applicable to the study area. It also provided, in a systemic and integrated way, a product that will help in planning, which is very important for the creation of a watershed committee, something necessary and still embryonic in Maranhão State, Brazil. relevance socalled so called context vulnerabilities physical components State Brazil specifically management purpose Algebra geology relief pedology cartography However plains view watersaturated saturated gleysols, gleysols , (gleysols) deposits, deposits) vegetation forests provided way committee (gleysols

Resumo Pesquisar uma bacia hidrográfica na região Amazônica requer assimilar que esta apresenta uma relevância nacional e mundial, estando a área de estudo situada no chamado arco do desmatamento, eleva a necessidade de entender seu contexto, vulnerabilidades e componentes físicos, ambientais e antrópicos. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a vulnerabilidade ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Buriticupu/Maranhão, com vistas a fomentar melhorias que possam contribuir com o processo de planejamento ambiental e, especificamente, de recursos hídricos. Para tanto, utilizou-se o ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica para trabalhar com a Álgebra de Mapas, interrelacionando dados primários e secundários sobre a geologia, relevo, pedologia e uso e cobertura da terra, para gerar uma cartografia de síntese. Os resultados apontaram áreas com predominância das classes médias de vulnerabilidade, entretanto, o destaque fica por conta das planícies aluviais, que se tornaram, nas análises, as áreas mais frágeis do ponto de vista ambiental, sobretudo por serem solos saturados em água (gleissolos), depósitos inconsolidados de areia e silte (depósitos aluvionares) e por exibirem extensas vegetações úmidas, características de matas de igapó e de várzea. Este estudo foi capaz de gerar um documento que seja aplicável à área de estudo, além de propiciar, de modo sistêmico e integrado, um produto que contribuirá para possíveis planejamentos, sobretudo para um futuro comitê de bacia hidrográfica, algo necessário e ainda embrionário do Maranhão.. mundial desmatamento contexto físicos antrópicos BuriticupuMaranhão Buriticupu Maranhão Buriticupu/Maranhão especificamente hídricos tanto utilizouse utilizou Mapas geologia relevo terra síntese entretanto aluviais tornaram análises gleissolos, gleissolos , (gleissolos) aluvionares úmidas várzea propiciar integrado planejamentos Maranhão. (gleissolos

Abstract The goal of this study was to improve the understanding of the soil-structure interaction mechanisms at the interface of bored concrete piles cast in sandy soils. In addition, this study aimed to quantify the interface shear strength and identify the factors that influence the response. Roughness measurements and direct shear tests were performed at the interface between two samples of sand (medium and coarse) and concrete cured under stress. The influence of the mean grain diameter, relative density, water content, concrete curing time and normal stress on the interface shear strength were statistically analyzed. The results showed a consistent behavior with the technical literature, but with higher values, which can be attributed to the concrete curing time, a factor not studied by other authors. soilstructure soil structure soils addition response medium coarse diameter density content analyzed literature values authors

Resumen: En México los sistemas productivos de chile (Capsicum spp.) se han intensificado gradualmente a fin de obtener mejores rendimientos y generar mayores ingresos, situación que ha posicionado al país como segundo productor y principal exportador de chile en el mundo al generar en promedio al año alrededor de dos billones de pesos por concepto de exportación; no obstante, la intensificación de algunas prácticas asociadas a esta actividad agrícola han generado infertilidad y salinización del suelo, motivo por el cual el objetivo de la investigación sea evaluar la calidad agronómica del suelo de diferentes áreas productoras de chile en la región del acuífero Calera del estado de Zacatecas. Durante dos ciclos consecutivos se realizó un muestreo de suelos apegado a la NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 en parcelas destinadas cultivó chile a fin de determinar los parámetros de fertilidad y fisicoquímicos. Los resultados aportaron evidencia de la variedad de agroquímicos y del excedente de fertilizantes fosforados y potásicos que se aplican durante el ciclo productivo, situación que eleva considerablemente los costos. El contenido de sales que se encontró en el suelo fue bajo con una relación media de absorción de sodio, lo que los clasifica como C1-S2; no se registraron altas concentraciones de sales sódicas y los valores de CE fueron bajos, sin embargo, las concentraciones de nutrientes fueron muy bajas a pesar de la neutralidad del pH. Esas características pueden atribuirse a que son suelos con alto contenido de arena con problemas de compactación por el sistema convencional mecanizado y por la falta de estrategias de conservación, por lo tanto, la dinámica para la producción de chile en la región está impactando de manera negativa sobre la calidad del suelo.

Summary: In México, the productive systems of chili (Capsicum spp.) have been gradually intensified in order to obtain better yields and generate higher incomes, a situation that has positioned the country as the second producer and main exporter of chili in the world, generating on average per year around two billion pesos for exports; however, the intensification of some practices associated with this agricultural activity have generated infertility and salinization of the soil, which is why the objective of the research is to evaluate the agronomic quality of the soil in different chili-producing areas in the Calera del Aquifer region. Zacatecas state. During two consecutive cycles, soil sampling was carried out in accordance with NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 in plots destined for chili cultivation in order to determine fertility and physicochemical parameters. The results provided evidence of the variety of agrochemicals and the surplus of phosphorous and potassium fertilizers that are applied during the production cycle, a situation that considerably raises costs. The salt content found in the soil was low with a medium sodium absorption ratio, which classifies them as C1-S2; high concentrations of sodium salts were not recorded and EC values were low, however, nutrient concentrations were very low despite the neutral pH. These characteristics can be attributed to the fact that they are soils with a high content of sand with compaction problems due to the conventional mechanized system and due to the lack of conservation strategies, therefore, the dynamics to produce chili in the region is having a negative impact. on soil quality.