ABSTRACT Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopy technique widely used by chemists and physicists to determine the chemical structure of molecules that was adapted to generate imaging, known as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is widely used in medical diagnosis. The importance of NMR in chemistry, physics, medicine, materials, and agriculture has been recognized with several Nobel Prizes in Physics, 1952, Chemistry, 1991 and 2002, and Medicine in 2003. Therefore, NMR can be applied to obtain: i) imaging of the human body, animal and materials; ii) high-resolution spectra to obtain structural and dynamical information of chemicals, materials etc.; and iii) quantitative and qualitative information of chemical composition of products such as food and agricultural products, using low-resolution relaxometry. High-resolution NMR and MRI have been applied in agri-food products, mostly as a research tool as they typically rely on expensive and bulk instruments, which restrict their uses in routine applications. The NMR sensors that have been more frequently used in agri-food products are based on low-resolution or low-field or time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) instruments. These low-cost instruments have been used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of agri-food products such as intact seeds and grains, intact fruits, meat, oils, and processed foods. In this paper, an overview of the NMR techniques and its main instrumentation aspects are presented, and some applications of TD-NMR and MRI in the non-invasive analysis of food, seeds, and others agricultural products are discussed. (NMR MRI, , (MRI) diagnosis chemistry physics medicine Physics 1952 Chemistry 199 2002 2003 Therefore i body ii highresolution high resolution chemicals etc. etc iii lowresolution low relaxometry Highresolution High agrifood agri lowfield field timedomain time domain TDNMR TD (TD-NMR lowcost cost grains fruits meat oils foods paper presented noninvasive non invasive discussed (MRI 195 19 200 1 20 2

RESUMO A ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) é uma técnica de espectroscopia amplamente utilizada pelos químicos e físicos para determinar a estrutura química de moléculas que foi adaptada para gerar imagens, conhecidas como tomografia por imagem de ressonância magnética nuclear (IRM), amplamente utilizada em diagnóstico médico. A importância da RMN na química, física, medicina, materiais e agricultura tem sido reconhecida por vários Prémios Nobel de Física, 1952, Química, 1991 e 2002, e Medicina em 2003. Portanto, a RMN pode ser aplicada para obter: i) imagens do corpo humano, animais e materiais; ii) espectros de alta resolução para obtenção de informações estruturais e dinâmicas de produtos químicos, materiais etc.; e iii) obter informações quantitativas e qualitativas da composição química de alimentos, produtos agrícolas, utilizando relaxometria de baixa resolução. A IRM e a RMN de alta resolução tem sido aplicadas em produtos agroalimentares, principalmente na pesquisa, uma vez que normalmente dependem de instrumentos caros de grandes dimensões, o que restringe a sua utilização em aplicações rotineiras. Sensores de RMN que têm sido utilizados com mais frequência em produtos agroalimentares baseiam-se em instrumentos de baixa resolução ou de baixo campo ou domínio de tempo TD-NMR. Esses instrumentos de baixo custo tem sido utilizados para análises qualitativas e quantitativas de produtos agroalimentares, como sementes e grãos intactos, frutas intactas, carnes, óleos e alimentos processados. Neste artigo, é apresentada uma revisão das técnicas de RMN, seus principais aspectos da instrumentação, e discutidas algumas aplicações de TD-RMN e IRM na análise não invasiva de alimentos, sementes e outros produtos agrícolas. (RMN IRM, , (IRM) médico física medicina Física 1952 Química 199 2002 2003 Portanto i humano ii etc. etc iii agrícolas pesquisa dimensões rotineiras baseiamse baseiam se TDNMR. TDNMR TD NMR. NMR TD-NMR intactos intactas carnes processados artigo instrumentação TDRMN (IRM 195 19 200 1 20 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with a prevalence of approximately 7% in the Portuguese population, affecting individuals of all ages. Occupational asthma accounts for 5% to 20% of late-onset asthma cases and is often associated with exposure to chemical irritants or other agents in the workplace. Early diagnosis and intervention, including the removal of the causal agent, are essential for improving prognosis. This case report describes the development of occupational asthma in a woman with prolonged exposure to irritant products in her work as a domestic worker. This case report aims to highlight the importance of early diagnosis and the use of personal protective equipment in the prevention of occupational asthma and its’ biopsychosocial implications. Clinical Case: A 62-year-old woman, a domestic worker since the age of 13, with a medical history of allergic rhinitis, depressive disorder, osteoporosis, and prior surgery for an epigastric hernia, presented for consultation. Pulmonary nodules were identified in the right lung during a computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient denied the presence of respiratory symptoms. However, during the pneumology consultation, she described chest tightness upon exertion and in environments with strong smells over the past six years, symptoms that she didn't appreciate before. Respiratory function tests revealed mild bronchial hyperreactivity, confirmed through a methacholine challenge test. Based on these findings and the patient’s occupational history, a diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated asthma was established. The patient began treatment with inhaled fluticasone/vilanterol. Due to her profession, which involved daily exposure to irritant products, a suspicion of occupational disease was reported. In the following years, the patient experienced worsening respiratory and depressive symptoms, leading to her resignation and an unsuccessful attempt at early retirement. She was referred for social support due to financial difficulties resulting from her inability to return to work. Discussion/Conclusion: This case describes a case of non-IgE-mediated asthma in a domestic worker and highlights the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) in workplaces with exposure to respiratory irritants. The use of PPE could have prevented the development of occupational asthma by mitigating the harmful effects of prolonged exposure to cleaning products. The prognosis for occupational asthma is generally poor, with avoidance of exposure being the primary method of control, as pharmacological treatments have limited impact when exposure persists. This case also illustrates the biopsychosocial consequences of occupational disease, with negative effects on the patient’s quality of life and financial independence, underscoring the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing such cases.

RESUMO Introdução: A asma brônquica é uma doença inflamatória crónica das vias aéreas com prevalência de cerca de 7% na população portuguesa, afetando indivíduos de todas as idades. A asma ocupacional representa entre 5% e 20% dos casos de asma de início tardio e está frequentemente associada à exposição a irritantes químicos ou outros agentes no local de trabalho. O diagnóstico precoce e a intervenção, incluindo a remoção do agente causal, são fundamentais para melhorar o prognóstico. Este caso clínico descreve o desenvolvimento de asma ocupacional numa mulher com longa exposição a produtos irritantes no exercício da sua profissão como trabalhadora do serviço doméstico. Com o presente relato de caso pretende-se destacar a importância do diagnóstico precoce e da utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual na prevenção da asma ocupacional, bem como as consequentes implicações biopsicossociais. Caso Clínico: Apresenta-se o caso de uma mulher de 62 anos, trabalhadora do serviço doméstico desde os treze anos, com antecedentes de rinite alérgica, perturbação depressiva, osteoporose e cirurgia a uma hérnia epigástrica. Após a realização de uma tomografia computorizada pulmonar, foram identificados nódulos no pulmão direito. A paciente não referiu sintomatologia respiratória relevante. No entanto, durante a consulta de pneumologia, referiu sensação de opressão torácica com o esforço e em ambientes com cheiros intensos nos últimos seis anos, sintomas que desvalorizava até então. As provas de função respiratória revelaram hiperreatividade brônquica ligeira, confirmada através de uma prova de broncoconstrição com metacolina. Com base nesses achados e na história ocupacional, foi assumido o diagnóstico de asma não IgE mediada. A paciente iniciou tratamento com terapêutica inalatória com fluticasona/vilanterol. Devido à sua profissão, que envolvia exposição diária a produtos irritantes, foi notificada a suspeita de doença profissional. Nos anos seguintes, a paciente apresentou agravamento da sintomatologia respiratória e, consequentemente, depressiva, o que conduziu ao seu despedimento e tentativa de reforma antecipada, que foi indeferida. A paciente foi referenciada para apoio social devido às dificuldades económicas resultantes da incapacidade para retomar a atividade laboral. Discussão/Conclusão: Este caso clínico descreve um quadro de asma não IgE mediada numa trabalhadora do serviço doméstico e evidencia a importância da proteção individual em ambientes de trabalho com exposição a agentes irritantes respiratórios. A utilização de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs) poderia ter prevenido o desenvolvimento da asma ocupacional, mitigando os efeitos nocivos da exposição prolongada a produtos de limpeza. O prognóstico da asma ocupacional é geralmente mau, sendo a evicção da exposição o principal método de controlo, uma vez que os tratamentos farmacológicos têm impacto limitado quando a exposição persiste. Este caso ilustra também as consequências biopsicossociais da doença ocupacional, com efeitos negativos sobre a qualidade de vida e independência financeira da utente, sublinhando a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar para a sua gestão.

Abstract Cuba is increasingly promoting innovation and productive chains as paths to development. In this context, the health sector is a prioritized area. Objective: To describe the experience of developing productive chains supporting the creation of biomedical innovation projects. Methodology: As part of a case study, theoretical and empirical methods were used to identify lines of research in the medical university with potential for chain value, to assess limitations in the design of this type of project to review the literature and analyze methodological proposals related to the topic, structuring a methodological guide, and describing the design of two biomedical research. Key Findings: The focus on productive chains allowed the integration of productive actors and scientific entities to generate products of greater value, resulting from biomedical research. Conclusions: The experience shows benefits to the development of scientific, productive, and technological capabilities of the local health system by means of university-business relationships.

Resumen Cuba apuesta cada vez más por la innovación y los encadenamientos productivos como vías de desarrollo. En este contexto, el sector de la salud constituye un ámbito priorizado. Objetivo: Ilustrar experiencias en el desarrollo de proyectos de encadenamiento productivo como contribución a la innovación biomédica. Metodología: Como parte de un estudio de caso, se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos para identificar líneas de investigación con potencialidades para generar cadenas de valor, valorar limitaciones en el diseño de este tipo de proyectos, revisar la literatura sobre propuestas metodológicas relativas al tema y estructurar una guía metodológica que permitiera describir, en la práctica, el diseño de dos investigaciones biomédicas. Resultados principales: El enfoque hacia encadenamientos productivos permitió la integración de actores productivos y entidades de ciencia para generar productos de mayor valor, resultantes de la investigación biomédica. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia demuestra beneficios en el desarrollo de capacidades científicas, productivas y tecnológicas del sistema de salud en el territorio a través de la relación universidad-empresa.

Resumo Cuba aposta cada vez mais na inovação e nas cadeias produtivas como meio de desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, o setor de saúde é uma área prioritária. Objetivo: Ilustrar experiências no desenvolvimento de projetos de cadeias produtivas como uma contribuição para a inovação biomédica. Metodologia: Como parte de um estudo de caso, foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos para identificar linhas de pesquisa com potencial para gerar cadeias de valor; para avaliar as limitações na elaboração desse tipo de projeto; para revisar a literatura sobre propostas metodológicas sobre o assunto; para estruturar um guia metodológico que nos permitisse descrever, na prática, a elaboração de duas pesquisas biomédicas. Principais resultados: A abordagem de cadeias produtivas permitiu a integração de atores produtivos e entidades científicas para gerar produtos de maior valor resultantes da pesquisa biomédica. Conclusões: Esta experiência demonstra benefícios no desenvolvimento de capacidades científicas, produtivas e tecnológicas do sistema de saúde no território por meio da relação universidade-empresa.

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic, first reported in December 2019, affected every sector of every country worldwide. Health services were the first to experience the direct impact. Blood services were advised to decrease blood utilisation in anticipation of reduced blood collections. The South African National Blood Services (SANBS) saw a substantial decline in blood demand following the institution of strict national lockdown measures, but the impact of the epidemic and various mitigation strategies remained unknown. OBJECTIVE. This retrospective study reviews red blood cell (RBC) utilisation during a 4-year period from 2019 to 2022 in the South African (SA) population, stratified by public and private healthcare sectors. METHODS. To measure the impact of COVID-19, blood utilisation pre COVID-19 was compared with an acute COVID-19 period and a post-acute period. Each period covered 450 days. Blood utilisation was evaluated against the background of reported COVID-19 cases and national lockdown regulations. RESULTS. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, overall RBC utilisation dropped by ~17%. The initial decline was more pronounced in the public sector. Overall, utilisation recovered to pre-COVID-19 levels in the post-acute COVID-19 period, but at different rates in the public and private sectors. CONCLUSION. There was a significant change in RBC utilisation during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, much more pronounced in the public sector, which services 85% of the SA population. During the post-acute COVID-19 period, blood utilisation recovered, but at a much slower rate in the public sector. The COVID-19 pandemic accentuated the differences in blood utilisation patterns between the public and private healthcare sectors in SA, and each sector's resilience in adapting to the challenges of the epidemic.

Abstract Introduction: The exponential development of the digital society and the permanent updating of information produce a favorable change in health professionals training. Objective: To expose the results in virtual training with EndNote for the teaching staff at the University of Medical Sciences of Las Tunas in the course 2023. Methods: A descriptive observational and longitudinal study was developed from October 9th to November 18th ,2023. Twenty-one professors were selected from the university by means of the non-intentional probabilistic sampling. Some data were gathered by means of two mixed questionnaires and the observation of the products of the activity of those involved. Tabulation and descriptive analysis of information was carried out using measures of absolute frequency, percentages, median and interquartile range using SPSS version 25 software. Results: The 21 participants in the experience developed the tasks set in the training with the use of the software, 90.5 % were women. The students had not received any prior training with EndNote nor were they familiar with it. A median of 10 was assigned to the importance of learning to use it and 9 to satisfaction with the training received. The skills evaluated had satisfactory results with a median of 4 or 5. Conclusions: The training described at the University of Medical Sciences of Las Tunas was satisfactory. The participants recognized the importance of learning how to use the program for their professional performance, but they identified the poor connection and lack of electricity as negative.

Resumen Introducción: El desarrollo exponencial de la sociedad digital y la actualización permanente de información producen un cambio favorable en la formación de los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Exponer los resultados en el entrenamiento virtual con EndNote a docentes en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas en el curso 2023. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte longitudinal del 9 de octubre al 18 de noviembre de 2023. Fueron seleccionados 21 docentes de la universidad mediante el muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Fueron recolectados algunos datos mediante dos cuestionarios mixtos y la observación de los productos de la actividad de los implicados. Se realizó la tabulación y análisis descriptivo de información mediante medidas de frecuencia absoluta, porcentajes, mediana e intervalo intercuartílico con el empleo del software SPSS versión 25. Resultados: Los 21 participantes en la experiencia elaboraron las tareas planteadas en el entrenamiento con el uso del software, 90,5 % fueron mujeres. Los estudiantes no habían recibido ningún entrenamiento previo con EndNote ni lo conocían. Se asignó mediana 10 a la importancia de aprender a utilizarlo y 9 a la satisfacción por el entrenamiento recibido. Las habilidades evaluadas tuvieron resultados satisfactorios con mediana 4 ó 5. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento descrito en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas resultó satisfactorio. Los participantes reconocieron la importancia de aprender el uso del programa para su desempeño profesional, pero identifican como negativo la conexión deficiente y falta de electricidad.

BACKGROUND. Trends data up to 2018 suggest that tobacco smoking was increasing in South Africa (SA), but only limited information is available on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current pattern of use of tobacco and nicotine products (TNPs). OBJECTIVES. To assess trends in sociodemographic patterns in the use of TNPs and the extent to which sociodemographic factors and non-cigarette tobacco use may explain possible changes in rates of TNP use between 2017/18 and 2021. METHODS. Data from three waves (2017, 2018 and 2021) of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (total N=8 140) were analysed. The sociodemographic correlates of current daily and non-daily use of factory-manufactured cigarettes (FMCs), roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes, waterpipe/hubbly, electronic cigarettes (ECigs), snuff (a smokeless tobacco) and any combination of FMCs, RYO cigarettes and waterpipe/hubbly ('current smoking') in 2017/18 (pre-pandemic) were compared with those for 2021 (during the pandemic). Chi-square analyses and generalised linear models were used to compare the prevalence of TNP use between the two periods. A Blinda-Oaxaca decomposition analysis was also used to explore the roles of various sociodemographic factors, including any differences in the use of TNPs, that may explain any observed differences in smoking rates between 2017/18 and 2021. RESULTS. Current smoking increased significantly from 22.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.4 - 24.5) in 2017/18 to 27.6% (95% CI 24.3 - 31.1) in 2021 (p=0.009). Smoking of FMCs did not change significantly overall between these two periods (20.1% v. 22.1%; p=0.240), except for a significant increase among those who self-identified as black African and a decrease among those who self-identified as coloured and those currently employed. However, the use of waterpipe/hubbly, ECigs, RYO cigarettes and snuff increased significantly. Women, individuals aged <35 years and black Africans had the largest increase in waterpipe/hubbly and ECig use. A decomposition analysis showed that increased waterpipe/hubbly and RYO use explained 52% and 15%, respectively, of the increase in smoking rates, while lower employment during 2021 compared with 2017/18 explained 15% of the increase in smoking rates during 2021. CONCLUSION. The use of all TNPs continued to increase in SA, particularly among women and unemployed people. These findings have policy and practice implications for addressing socioeconomic disparities in tobacco-related diseases.

RESUMEN El uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos devino en la aparición de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos (AMR), por lo que el uso racional de estos medicamentos se vuelve sumamente necesario. Por lo tanto, una alternativa es el uso de la integración farmacocinética / farmacodinámica (PK/PD), una herramienta utilizada en medicina humana y veterinaria, para determinar la optimización del régimen de dosis. La optimización de la pauta posológica permite establecer terapias con mayor precisión y probabilidad de éxito clínico, además de minimizar la toxicidad y la propagación de la resistencia antimicrobiana. Los estudios de integración PK/PD están incluidos en las pautas de la European Medicines Agency (EMA) para evaluar productos médicos; sin embargo, esta herramienta debe ser más generalizada. Además, en 2015, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estableció optimizar las dosis de antimicrobianos como uno de los cinco puntos críticos para ayudar a reducir la propagación de la ARM, donde la integración PK/PD se puede usar para esto propósito. Por lo tanto, esta revisión tuvo como objetivo dilucidar los aspectos de la integración de PK/PD en la selección y optimización de los regímenes de dosificación para aumentar la conciencia sobre su desarrollo y uso por parte de los médicos veterinarios.

ABSTRACT The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), so the rational use of these medications becomes extremely necessary. Thus, an alternative is the use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) integration, a tool used in human and veterinary medicine, to determine dosing regimen optimization. Optimizing the dosage regimen makes it possible to establish therapies with greater precision and probability of clinical success, in addition to minimizing toxicity and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. PK/PD integration studies are included in the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines for evaluating medical products; however, this tool needs to be more widespread. Additionally, in 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) established optimizing antimicrobial doses as one of the five critical points to help reduce the spread of AMR, so PK/PD integration can be used for this purpose. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the aspects of PK/PD integration in the selection and optimization of dosing regimens to increase awareness of their development and use by veterinary practitioners.

Ten spyte van onlangse voortuigang, moet Suid-Afrika nog sy ekonomiese potensiaal in die mediese tegnologie bedryf ten volle ontwikkel. Tog bly dit onseker watter dele van die uitgebreide mediese toestelbedryf Suid-Afrika moet prioritiseer. Hierdie artikel gebruik die inset-uitset produkruimte (IO-PS) metodologie om sleutelareas binne die mediese toestelbedryf te identifiseer wat die bedryf se potensiaal sal ontsluit in Suid-Afrika. Die analise het die gebruik van 'n hiërargiese kartering van die industrie as inset tot die 'IO-PS'-analise, behels. Daarna is die uitset van die metode ontleed en geïnterpreteer. Die mees belowende produkte vir verdere ontwikkeling onder verskeie scenario's was geïdentifiseer.

Despite recent gains, South Africa is yet to fully develop its economic potential in the medical technologies industry. Yet it remains uncertain which parts of the extended medical technologies industry South Africa should prioritise. This paper uses the input-output product space (IO-PS) methodology to identify key areas in the medical technologies industry that are likely to unlock the industry's potential in South Africa. The analysis involved using a hierarchical mapping of the industry as input to the IO-PS analysis. Thereafter, the outputs of the methodology were analysed and interpreted. The most promising products for further development under various scenarios were identified.

Abstract Objective To carry out a narrative review on the use of marketing strategies in child nutrition, as well as potential implications for health professionals and children. Data source Searches were carried out on the PubMed, SciELO, and Google platforms, using the terms “child nutrition” or “industrialized baby food” or “infant formula” or “breast milk” or “breastfeeding” and “marketing”, with original articles, review articles, institutional reports, institutional position documents and websites considered relevant to the topic being analyzed. Data synthesis Children's food marketing started with the industrialization of food and the resulting actions aimed at increasing sales and meeting commercial interests. Since its inception to the present, infant formulas have been the most widely used products, which has impacted breastfeeding practices. International and national institutions, that care for children's health, are searching for strategies to limit the abusive marketing of industrialized children's foods. Marketing strategies interfere with medical knowledge and actions, potentially influencing the guidance provided by pediatricians to families, and finally, compromising healthy eating practices at a critical period in life, with possible long-term effects. Conclusions Health professionals, especially pediatricians, must provide the best care for children and families, and need to maintain the search for quality scientific information, not influenced by conflicts of interest. Updated and critical knowledge on the part of healthcare professionals can curb marketing strategies that aim to influence their actions. nutrition PubMed SciELO platforms formula breast milk “breastfeeding marketing, , “marketing” articles reports analyzed Childrens Children s interests present products institutions childrens foods families finally life longterm long term effects information interest “marketing

ABSTRACT It is well known that the most common way to reduce the effects of Inclusive methodological strategy for teaching - learning football in students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the physical culture class (ADHD) has historically been through pharmacological products. However, it is irrefutable that the influence of physical exercise has avoided undesirable side effects and has achieved significant favorable changes in patients. This physical activity was basically implemented preventively, mainly under medical, chronic conditions and disabilities, also to contribute to the cognitive and behavioral sphere. The objective of this work consisted of proposing a group of methodological recommendations in the Physical Education class to improve the living conditions of children with ADHD in the Sagrado Corazón Fiscomisional Educational Unit of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. The empirical methods used were scientific observation, the survey applied to students and the interview directed to teachers. Once these recommendations were implemented, a survey of both components of the process was also used to obtain a preliminary assessment of the effect of this proposal, because it turned out to be a methodological aid of high value to prepare teachers and students in their influences as a counselor in the case of the teacher and as an academic social collective in the case of the group of students.

RESUMEN Es bien sabido que la forma más común de reducir los efectos del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad ha sido históricamente a través de productos farmacológicos. Sin embargo, es irrefutable que la influencia del ejercicio físico ha evitado indeseables efectos secundarios y ha logrado cambios favorables significativos en los pacientes. Esta actividad física fue implementada básicamente de forma preventiva, principalmente bajo condiciones médicas, crónicas y discapacidades, también para contribuir a la esfera cognitiva y comportamental. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en proponer un grupo de recomendaciones metodológicas en la clase de Educación Física para mejorar las condiciones de vida de niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en la Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional Sagrado Corazón de Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Los métodos empíricos que se utilizaron fueron la observación científica, la encuesta aplicada a estudiantes y la entrevista dirigida a profesores; también se emplea, una vez implementadas estas recomendaciones, una encuesta a ambos componentes del proceso para obtener una valoración preliminar sobre el efecto de esta propuesta, debido a que resultó ser una ayuda metodológica de alto valor para preparar los profesores y estudiantes en sus influencias como orientador en el caso del profesor y como colectivo social académico en el caso del grupo de estudiantes.

RESUMO É bem sabido que a forma mais comum de reduzir os efeitos do transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade tem sido historicamente por meio de produtos farmacológicos. Contudo, é irrefutável que a influência do exercício físico evitou efeitos colaterais indesejáveis e alcançou mudanças favoráveis significativas nos pacientes. Essa atividade física foi implementada basicamente de forma preventiva, principalmente em condições médicas, crônicas e deficiências, também para contribuir na esfera cognitiva e comportamental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um conjunto de recomendações metodológicas nas aulas de Educação Física para melhorar as condições de vida de crianças com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade na Unidade Educacional Fiscomisional Sagrado Corazón de Esmeraldas, Equador. Os métodos empíricos utilizados foram a observação científica, o inquérito aplicado aos alunos e a entrevista dirigida aos professores; Uma vez implementadas estas recomendações, recorre-se também a um levantamento de ambas as componentes do processo para obter uma avaliação preliminar do efeito desta proposta, porque se revelou uma ajuda metodológica de elevado valor para preparar professores e alunos nas suas influências. como conselheiro no caso do professor e como coletivo social acadêmico no caso do grupo de alunos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil das crianças atendidas na emergência de um hospital de referência pediátrica no sul do Brasil, vítimas de intoxicação exógena aguda entre 2016 e 2021, caracterizar os agentes tóxicos e descrever os fatores que se relacionam à internação hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e analítico, com dados de prontuários de hospital pediátrico entre julho de 2016 e junho de 2021, por consulta às fichas de notificação compulsória. Foram avaliadas características das vítimas; do incidente; tipo de substância envolvida e classe; procedimentos realizados; necessidade de internação hospitalar, desfecho e necessidade de UTI. Calcularam-se frequências absolutas e relativas para as variáveis categóricas e medidas de tendência central e dispersão para as numéricas. Regressão logística binária foi realizada para identificar as variáveis associadas à internação. Resultados: Houve 411 atendimentos, com idade média de 7,2±5,5 anos, predomínio do sexo feminino (59,9%). A maioria das intoxicações ocorreu em domicílio (82,1%) e por via oral (93,7%). Produtos químicos ou de limpeza foram majoritários nas crianças com até um ano de idade, sendo os medicamentos os principais agentes nas demais faixas etárias. Resultaram em internações 38,7% dos casos, sendo as variáveis associadas: quantidade de agentes envolvidos, tipo de substância envolvida, medicamento que atua no Sistema Nervoso Central, recorrência, motivação (acidental/intencional) e realização de exames simples. Conclusões: Mais ações preventivas são necessárias, como legislações e maior orientação aos pais sobre a forma de armazenamento de produtos em ambiente doméstico, de modo a reduzir o número de intoxicações exógenas na população pediátrica. Objetivo Brasil 201 2021 hospitalar Métodos analítico compulsória incidente classe realizados UTI Calcularamse Calcularam numéricas Resultados 41 atendimentos 7255 7 2 5 7,2±5, anos 59,9%. 599 59,9% . 59 9 (59,9%) 82,1% 821 82 1 (82,1% 93,7%. 937 93,7% 93 (93,7%) etárias 387 38 38,7 casos envolvidos Central recorrência acidental/intencional acidentalintencional acidental intencional (acidental/intencional simples Conclusões necessárias doméstico 20 202 4 725 7,2±5 59,9 (59,9% 82,1 8 (82,1 93,7 (93,7% 3 38, 72 7,2± 59, (59,9 82, (82, 93, (93,7 7,2 (59, (82 (93, 7, (59 (8 (93 (5 ( (9

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the profile of children assisted in the Emergency Room of a Children reference Hospital in the South of Brazil, victims of acute poisoning between 2016 and 2021, to characterize the toxic agents and to present the factors related to hospitalization. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive and observational study with data collection from medical records at a children’s hospital from July 2016 to June 2021 based on the compulsory notification forms. The characteristics of victims, of the incident, the type and class of the substance involved, the procedures demanded and the need for the Intensive Care Unit were evaluated. The outcome considered was hospitalization. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the categorical variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for the numerical ones. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify variables related to hospitalization. Results: There were 411 consultations, with the mean age of 7.2±5.5 years, and predominance of females (59.9%). Most of the poisoning occurred at home (82.1%) and orally (93.7%). Chemicals or cleaning products were the main agents in children up to 1 year of age, whereas in the other age groups accidents occurred most frequently with medicines. Hospital admission occurred in 38.7% of the cases, with related variables being: number of agents, type of substance involved, medication that acts on the Central Nervous System, recurrence, motivation (accidental/intentional), and performance of simple exams. Conclusions: More preventive actions are needed, such as legislation, as well as greater guidance to parents on how to store products in the domestic environment, in order to reduce the number of exogenous intoxications in the pediatric population. Objective Brazil 201 hospitalization Methods Retrospective childrens s 202 forms incident involved evaluated ones Results 41 consultations 7255 7 2 5 7.2±5. years 59.9%. 599 59.9% . 59 9 (59.9%) 82.1% 821 82 (82.1% 93.7%. 937 93.7% 93 (93.7%) medicines 387 38 38.7 cases being System recurrence accidental/intentional, accidentalintentional accidental/intentional , accidental intentional (accidental/intentional) exams Conclusions needed legislation environment population 20 4 725 7.2±5 59.9 (59.9% 82.1 8 (82.1 93.7 (93.7% 3 38. (accidental/intentional 72 7.2± 59. (59.9 82. (82. 93. (93.7 7.2 (59. (82 (93. 7. (59 (8 (93 (5 ( (9

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The identification and understanding of dietary factors and other characteristics that influence gestational weight gain can contribute to the formulation of strategies to promote healthy eating habits before and during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between dietary patterns, sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, and health-related behaviors in pregnant women. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on women undergoing prenatal care in the Unified Health System of Colombo, Paraná, Brazil, from February 2018 to September 2019. METHOD: A weekly food frequency questionnaire was administered, and dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis. Median regression models were constructed to identify the associations between dietary pattern scores and variables. RESULTS: Complete data were obtained from 495 pregnant women. Three dietary patterns were identified: 1) “healthy,” with higher factor loadings for the weekly consumption of raw vegetables, cooked vegetables, and fresh fruits; 2) “Western,” including soft drinks or artificial juice, candies, milk, and dairy products, and processed cold meat; and 3) “traditional,” beans and meat. Pregnant women aged 30 years or older (coefficient [Coef.] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–1.33) with moderate/intense physical activity (Coef. 0.32, 95% CI 0.02–0.62) had higher adherence to the “healthy” pattern. Adolescents and smokers adhered more to the “traditional” pattern (Coef. 0.17, 95% CI 0.01–0.33). CONCLUSION: Age, smoking status, and physical activity were associated with dietary patterns in pregnant women. BACKGROUND pregnancy OBJECTIVE healthrelated health related SETTING crosssectional cross sectional Colombo Paraná Brazil 201 2019 METHOD administered analysis variables RESULTS 49 1 healthy, “healthy, vegetables fruits 2 Western, Western “Western, juice candies milk products meat 3 traditional, traditional “traditional, coefficient Coef. Coef [Coef. 086 0 86 0.86 95 [CI 0.38–1.33 038133 38 33 moderateintense moderate intense (Coef 032 32 0.32 0.02–0.62 002062 02 62 “healthy “traditional 017 17 0.17 0.01–0.33. 001033 0.01–0.33 . 01 0.01–0.33) CONCLUSION Age status 20 4 “Western [Coef 08 8 0.8 9 0.38–1.3 03813 03 0.3 0.02–0.6 00206 6 0.1 00103 0.01–0.3 0. 0.38–1. 0381 0.02–0. 0020 0010 0.01–0. 0.38–1 038 0.02–0 002 001 0.01–0 0.38– 0.02– 00 0.01– 0.38 0.02 0.01 0.0

Abstract Biomedical waste management is an integral part of health care as being the mainstay of hospital cleanliness, hygiene, and maintenance activities. Medical care is crucial for human health but mismanagement of biomedical waste harms the flora and fauna of ecosystem on earth, and badly influences the human health. Due to their stability, biomedical wastes are not eliminated by the solid or sewage treatment plants, and get bioaccumulated in environment, and eventually get to population through various means. They are harmful due to their potential carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and other toxicities. Current disposal techniques employed in disposing biomedical wastes are sewage/drains, incineration, and landfills. These practices are normally costly and might transform pollutants from one toxic form to another. Whereas bioremediation is an inexpensive method of employing naturally occurring microorganisms or plants to detoxify man-made pollutants to harmless products that make soil fertile as well in the process. Researchers have also evolved genetically engineered microbes to remediate environmental pollutants including radionuclides. Phytoremediation is also a type of sustainable methods, which is reasonable and competent in handling heavy metals and radioactive waste generated from hospitals. In this article, we have summarized rational applications of bioremediation techniques of using effective microorganisms and plants in enhanced removal of several recalcitrant pollutants including biomedical waste. Our review highlights the challenges and future perspectives to bioremediate non-biodegradable and potentially toxic hospital wastes. cleanliness hygiene activities earth stability environment means carcinogenicity genotoxicity mutagenicity toxicities sewagedrains drains sewage/drains incineration landfills another manmade man made process radionuclides methods hospitals article nonbiodegradable non biodegradable

Resumo: O objetivo foi descrever a gravidade das complicações relacionadas ao aborto, os fatores relacionados às complicações, os tipos de tratamento e a experiência de atendimento no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em vinte hospitais (dez no Distrito Federal, três em Rondônia e sete no Maranhão). Durante três meses, todos os dados de todas as mulheres tratadas por aborto/aborto espontâneo foram coletados. A gravidade das complicações foi definida de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. As mulheres com hemorragia, infecção ou lesão de órgãos foram convidadas a responder a uma entrevista sobre a experiência do atendimento. A análise estatística foi realizada usando o teste de qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão de Poisson. Entre as 1.683 mulheres incluídas, 82,5% tiveram complicações leves, 13,6% tiveram complicações moderadas, 3,2% tiveram condições potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida (PLTC, acrônimo em inglês) e 0,7% tiveram resultados maternos graves (SMO, acrônimo em inglês). A maioria das mulheres (94,2%) precisou de esvaziamento uterino. Entre elas, 91,5% precisaram de esvaziamento cirúrgico (com ou sem uso de uterotônicos) e 8,5% usaram apenas uterotônicos. O método de esvaziamento cirúrgico mais frequente foi a curetagem (66,9%), seguido pela aspiração manual a vácuo (32,3%). Os fatores associados à PLTC/SMO vs. complicações leves foram ter idade gestacional ≥ 13 semanas (razão de prevalência - RP = 3,09; intevalo de 95% de confiança - IC95%: 1,42-6,72), ter sido tratado no Maranhão (RP = 0,27; IC95%: 0,12-0,63) e em Rondônia (RP = 0,64; IC95%: 0,20-0,99). Os fatores associados às complicações moderadas vs. leves foram expulsão dos produtos da concepção antes da chegada ao serviço de saúde (RP = 2,55; IC95%: 1,64-3,96) e ter sido tratado no Maranhão (RP = 0,58; IC95%: 0,38-0,87). A maioria das mulheres que responderam à entrevista foi tratada com gentileza (95,6%), no entanto, 66,7% se sentiram estressadas e 10,1% relataram que suas preferências não foram respeitadas durante a internação. Nove em cada dez mulheres atendidas em hospitais públicos brasileiros devido a complicações relacionadas ao aborto são submetidas a algum procedimento cirúrgico, sendo o mais comum a curetagem uterina. Aproximadamente quatro em cada 100 mulheres apresentam complicações graves. É fundamental garantir o fornecimento de equipamentos para aspiração manual a vácuo e incentivar programas de educação médica continuada para aumentar a conscientização dos profissionais de saúde sobre tratamentos mais seguros para evacuação uterina.

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Abstract: This study aimed to describe the severity of abortion-related complications, factors associated with complications, the types of management and the experience of care in Brazil. A cross-sectional study in twenty hospitals (10 in Federal District, 3 in Rondônia and 7 in Maranhão). For 3 months, all women treated for abortion/miscarriage had their data collected. The severity of complications was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Women with hemorrhage, infection or organs injury were invited to answer an interview about experience of care. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and Poisson regression models. Among 1,683 women included, 82.5% had mild complications, 13.6% had moderate complications, 3.2% had potentially life-threatening conditions (PLTC) and 0.7% had severe maternal outcomes (SMO). Most women (94.2%) required uterine evacuation. Among these, 91.5% required surgical evacuation (with or without the use of uterotonics) and 8.5% used only uterotonics. The most frequent surgical evacuation method was curettage (66.9%), followed by manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) (32.3%). Factors associated with PLTC/SMO vs mild complications were having a gestational age ≥ 13 weeks (pravlence ratio - PR = 3.09; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI: 1.42-6.72), having been treated in Maranhão (PR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.12-0.63) and in Rondônia (PR = 0.64; 95%CI: 0.20-0.99). Factors associated with moderate vs. mild complications were expulsion of products of conception before arrival to health facility (PR = 2.55; 95%CI: 1.64-3.96) and having been treated in Maranhão (PR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.38-0.87). Most women who responded to the interview were treated kindly (95.6%), however, 66.7% felt stressed and 10.1% reported that their preferences were not respected during hospitalization. Nine out of ten women treated in Brazilian public hospitals due to abortion-related complications undergo some surgical procedure, the most common of which is uterine curettage. Approximately four in every hundred women experience severe complications. It is essential to ensure the supply of equipment for MVA and to encourage continuing medical education programs to increase the awareness of healthcare professionals about safer treatments for uterine evacuation.

ABSTRACT Objective: To construct and validate an instrument to assess events related to maintaining the sterility of processed healthcare products. Methods: This methodological study developed the instrument through analysis by a panel of experts, focusing on the integrity of commonly used packaging: spunbond-meltblown-spunbond and medical-grade paper. The instrument was analyzed using the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio (≥ 0.80) and modified Kappa (≥ 0.74). The instrument underwent pre-testing. Results: Six experienced professionals participated in the expert panel. After two rounds, the final version of the instrument contained five dimensions. In the pre-test, 30 nursing professionals participated, of whom 86.67% considered the instrument good, and 90% found it understandable. Conclusion: The construction and validation followed literature recommendations. The instrument is available, aiding in the safe use of processed healthcare products. Objective products Methods experts packaging spunbondmeltblownspunbond spunbond meltblown medicalgrade medical grade paper ≥ ( 0.80 080 0 80 0.74. 074 0.74 . 74 0.74) pretesting. pretesting pre testing. testing pre-testing Results rounds dimensions pretest, pretest test, test pre-test 3 8667 86 67 86.67 good 90 understandable Conclusion recommendations available 0.8 08 8 07 0.7 7 866 6 86.6 9 0. 86.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar instrumento para avaliar evento relacionado à manutenção da esterilidade de produtos para saúde processados. Métodos: Estudo metodológico para desenvolver instrumento mediante análise por comitê de juízes. Considerou-se como aspecto norteador a integridade das embalagens mais utilizadas na prática: a de não tecido e a de papel grau cirúrgico. A análise foi realizada pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, Razão de Validade de Conteúdo ≥ 0,80 e Kappa modificado ≥ 0,74. Submeteu-se o instrumento ao pré-teste. Resultados: Participaram do comitê de juízes seis profissionais experientes na temática. Após duas rodadas, chegou-se à versão final do instrumento, contendo cinco dimensões. No pré-teste, participaram 30 profissionais de enfermagem, dos quais 86,67% consideraram o instrumento bom; e 90%, compreensível. Conclusões: A construção e validação seguiu as recomendações da literatura. O instrumento está disponível para ser utilizado, auxiliando no uso seguro do produto para saúde. Objetivo processados Métodos Considerouse Considerou se prática cirúrgico 080 0 80 0,8 074 74 0,74 Submeteuse Submeteu préteste. préteste pré teste. teste pré-teste Resultados temática rodadas chegouse chegou dimensões préteste, teste, 3 enfermagem 8667 86 67 86,67 bom 90 90% compreensível Conclusões literatura utilizado 08 8 0, 07 7 0,7 866 6 86,6 9 86,

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar instrumento para evaluar evento relacionado a manutención de la esterilidad de productos para salud procesados. Métodos: Estudio metodológico para desarrollar instrumento mediante análisis por comité de jueces. Considerado como aspecto rector la integridad de envases más utilizados en la práctica: de no tejido y de papel grado quírurgico. Realizado análisis por Índice de Validez de Contenido y Razón de Validez de Contenido ≥ 0,80 y Kappa modificado ≥ 0,74. Sometido el instrumento a pre-prueba. Resultados: Participaron del comité de jueces seis profesionales experientes en la temática. Trás dos rondas, fue constituída la versión final del instrumento, conteniendo cinco dimensiones. En la pre-prueba, participaron 30 profesionales de enfermería, en que 86,67% consideraron el instrumento bueno; y 90%, comprensible. Conclusion: La construcción y validación siguió las recomendaciones de la literatura. El instrumento está disponible para ser utilizado, auxiliando el uso seguro del producto para salud. Objetivo procesados Métodos práctica quírurgico 080 0 80 0,8 074 74 0,74 preprueba. preprueba pre prueba. prueba pre-prueba Resultados temática rondas dimensiones preprueba, prueba, 3 enfermería 8667 86 67 86,67 bueno 90 90% comprensible Conclusion literatura utilizado 08 8 0, 07 7 0,7 866 6 86,6 9 86,