RESUMEN Introducción: Gram-positive staphylococci are responsible for over 90% of cases of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis, with Staphylococcus epidermidis accounting for approximately 70% of isolated microorganisms. Objetivo: Evualuar la relación entre la virulencia de S. epidermidis y la gravedad de la endoftalmitis en un modelo animal. Metodología: Se dividieron conejos albinos de Nueva Zelanda en dos grupos y se les administraron 100 unidades formadoras de colonias de cepas de S. epidermidis. En el grupo virulento, cuatro conejos recibieron una cepa multirresistente de S. epidermidis portadora de gen mecA, ica y atlE, de la microbiota conjuntival de un paciente y tres conejos la cepa S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 formadora de biopelículas. En el grupo no-virulento, se inocularon cinco conejos con una cepa sensible a todos los antibióticos probados y que carecía de los genes mecA, ica y atlE, también de un paciente y tres conejos recibieron la cepa S. epidermidis ATCC 29122 no productora de biopelícula. Se realizaron exámenes clínicos y ecográficos cada tres horas hasta la aparición de síntomas de endoftalmitis, seguido de evaluaciones clínicas diarias. Las evaluaciones histológicas se realizaron 15 días después de la inoculación. Resultados: El grupo menos virulento mostró una inflamación más leve y un daño intraocular reducido en comparación con el grupo más virulento según observaciones clínicas y ecográficas. Sin embargo, el análisis histopatológico reveló una inflamación similar en todos los grupos, 15 días después de la inoculación. Discusión: Las cepas de S. epidermidis menos virulentas indujeron una inflamación menos grave, como se observó mediante evaluaciones clínicas y ecográficas. Sin embargo, las evaluaciones histopatológicas a largo plazo mostraron efectos comparables a los observados con la cepa más virulenta.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Gram-positive staphylococci are responsible for over 90% of cases of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis, with Staphylococcus epidermidis accounting for approximately 70% of isolated microorganisms. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between S. epidermidis virulence and severity of endophthalmitis in an animal model. Methodology: New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into two groups and administered 100 colony-forming units of S. epidermidis strains. In the virulent group, four rabbits received a multi-antibiotic resistant, mecA, ica, and atlE gene carrying S. epidermidis strain, from a patient´s conjuntival microbiota and three a biofilm-forming S. epidermidis ATCC 35984. In the non-virulent group, five rabbits were inoculated with a strain sensitive to all tested antibiotics and lacking mecA, ica, and atlE genes, also from a patient and three rabbits received the non-producer biofilm S. epidermidis ATCC 29122. Clinical and ultrasound examinations were conducted every three hours until endophthalmitis symptoms appeared, followed by daily clinical assessments. Histological evaluations were performed 15 days post-inoculation. Results: The less virulent group displayed milder inflammation and reduced intraocular damage in comparison to the more virulent group based on clinical and ultrasound observations. Nevertheless, histopathological analysis revealed similar inflammation in all groups, 15 days post-inoculation. Discussion: Less virulent S. epidermidis strains induced less severe inflammation as observed through clinical and ultrasound assessments. However, long-term histopathological assessments showed effects comparable to those seen with the more virulent strain.

Resumo O número de produtos alimentícios com culturas geneticamente modificadas (GM) no mercado global cresceu devido aos avanços na tecnologia de engenharia genética. A legislação que regulamenta a rotulagem e o uso de culturas GM aumentou consideravelmente em todo o mundo para fornecer aos consumidores garantia de saúde e segurança. Ainda não está claro se organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM) estão presentes no mercado de alimentos do Reino da Arábia Saudita em razão da falta de estudos científicos. Este trabalho foi planejado para detectar arroz e batatas GM no mercado de alimentos saudita. Cem amostras de arroz e produtos de arroz não rotulados e 50 amostras de batata e produtos à base de batata foram coletadas aleatoriamente de diferentes mercados de Meca, Riad e Jeddah durante 2022-2023. O método de brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB) foi usado para extrair DNA. O kit de extração de DNA Viviants foi usado para extrair DNA de amido de arroz e batatas fritas. Para encontrar OGMs em amostras, foram utilizados os kits de teste CMOScreen 35S e NOS. Abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas baseadas em DNA foram usadas para rastrear alvos para detecção de PCR de sequências de arroz GM. Os resultados indicaram que 32 (32%) amostras de arroz foram positivas para o promotor CaMV 35S, enquanto nenhum resultado positivo foi detectado para o terminador NOS. Além disso, 30% das amostras de batata foram positivas para o promotor CaMV 35S, e as mesmas amostras foram positivas para a presença do gene Cry V. Pode-se concluir que havia arroz e batatas GM nos mercados de alimentos do Reino da Arábia Saudita. É recomendável estabelecer regulamentações rigorosas e laboratórios certificados para monitorar alimentos geneticamente modificados (GMF) ou safras no mercado saudita. (GM genética segurança OGM (OGM científicos saudita 5 Meca 20222023. 20222023 2022 2023. 2023 2022-2023 CTAB (CTAB fritas S NOS 3 32% (32% disso 30 V Podese Pode GMF (GMF 2022202 202 2022-202 (32 202220 20 2022-20 (3 20222 2 2022-2 ( 2022-

Abstract The number of food products with genetically modified (GM) crops on the global market has increased due to advancements in genetic engineering technology. Legislation regulating the labeling and use of GM crops has increased considerably worldwide to provide consumers with health and safety assurance. It is still unclear whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are present in the food market of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to a lack of scientific studies. This work was planned to detect GM rice and GM potatoes in the Saudi food market. One hundred non-labeled rice and rice product samples and 50 potato and potato samples were collected randomly from different market sites of Makkah, Riyadh and Jeddah during 2022-2023. The cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract DNA. Viviants DNA extraction kit was used to extract DNA from rice starch and potato chips. To find GMOs in samples, CMOScreen 35S and NOS test kits were utilized. DNA-based qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to screen targets for PCR detection of GM rice sequences. The results indicated that 32 (32%) rice samples were positive for CaMV 35S promoter, while no positive result was detected for the NOS terminator. Besides, 30% of potato samples were positive for the CaMV 35S promoter, and the same samples were positive for the presence of the Cry V gene. It could be concluded that there were GM rice and potatoes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's food markets. Establishing strong regulations and certified laboratories to monitor genetically modified foods (GMF) or crops in the Saudi market is recommended. (GM technology assurance (GMOs studies nonlabeled non labeled 5 Makkah 20222023. 20222023 2022 2023. 2023 2022-2023 CTAB (CTAB chips S utilized DNAbased based sequences 3 32% (32% promoter terminator Besides 30 gene Arabias s markets GMF (GMF recommended 2022202 202 2022-202 (32 202220 20 2022-20 (3 20222 2 2022-2 ( 2022-

Abstract: This article seeks to show that the work The Birth of Tragedy was received in Rio de Janeiro (the “Mecca of Northerners”, in José Veríssimo’s expression) from the end of the 19th century, in particular among some members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters and by the reputed music criticism Rodrigues Barbosa (in the dozens of articles about “Tolstoy and Nietzsche”, published in Jornal do Commercio ). In the same way, we intend to reconstruct with historiographic precision the sources and the profile of the authors who read and published the respective work in our country in the first thirty years of its publication. Abstract Mecca Northerners, Northerners , Northerners” Veríssimos Veríssimo s expression th century Tolstoy Nietzsche, Nietzsche Nietzsche” . ) way publication

Resumo: O presente artigo busca mostrar que a obra O nascimento da tragédia foi recepcionada no Rio de Janeiro (a “Meca dos Nortistas”, na expressão de José Veríssimo) a partir do final do século XIX, em particular entre alguns membros da Academia Brasileira de Letras e pelo renomado crítico musical Rodrigues Barbosa (nas dezenas de artigos sobre “Tolstói e Nietzsche”, publicadas no Jornal do Commercio ). Do mesmo modo, visa-se reconstruir com precisão historiográfica o trato com as fontes e o perfil dos autores que leram e divulgaram a respectiva obra em nosso país nos trinta primeiros anos de sua edição. Resumo Meca Nortistas, Nortistas , Nortistas” Veríssimo XIX nas Tolstói Nietzsche, Nietzsche Nietzsche” . ) modo visase visa se edição

Abstract Studies have highlighted melanoma immunogenicity, and the prognostic importance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and mechanisms of tumor immune evasion, such as hyperexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1). High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized blood vessels that can facilitate the lymphocytes migration to the tumor. Here we evaluate the association of HEV density and PDL-1 expression in primary cutaneous melanomas with the presence and degree of TILs and with other clinicopathological variables (age, sex, tumor location, melanoma histological type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, regression signs, mitotic index). HEV density and PDL-1 expression were assessed immunohistochemically in 78 melanoma cases, using a specific antibody, and were detected in 59% and 76% of these, respectively. Positive associations were identified between HEV density and PDL-1 expression with the presence and degree of lymphocytic infiltration, melanoma histological type and ulceration presence. No correlation was found between HEV density and PDL-1 expression. Our findings confirm the HEV role in the recruitment and facilitation of lymphocyte transport in cutaneous melanomas, where HEV density is strongly associated with the degree of TILs. Additionally, PDL-1 hyperexpression suggests a possible mechanism of tumor immune evasion, which may lead to inactivation and reduction of the tumor lymphocytes number. immunogenicity (TILs evasion PDL1. PDL1 PDL . (PDL-1) (HEV PDL- age, age (age sex location thickness signs index. index index) 7 cases antibody 59 76 these respectively infiltration Additionally number (PDL-1 5 (PDL- (PDL

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of 52 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bovine mastitis isolates obtained from 37 dairy herds from the northwest of Portugal against antibiotics belonging to the β-lactam family, evaluate the detection of blaZ and mecA resistance genes, and study the diversity of positive isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. The detection of blaZ and mecA genes was performed using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the diversity of blaZ was evaluated by phylogenetic analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed a prevalence of phenotypic resistance by S. aureus of 52.0% against penicillin and ampicillin, 34.6% against oxacillin, 17.3% against amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, and 21.1% against cefazolin. A prevalence of phenotypic intermediate resistance of 5.7% against penicillin, 9.6% against amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, and 1.9% against ampicillin and cefazolin, respectively, was demonstrated. A 100.0% phenotypic susceptibility was found against piperacillin. Of the 52 S. aureus isolates, 35 (67.3%) were PCR positive for blaZ gene, and isolate 25 was positive for mecA gene. The phylogenetic analysis of partial blaZ gene S. aureus isolates consensus sequences were placed in two different clades, clade A (cluster A, A.1) and B (cluster B), all closely related to animal and/or human S. aureus strains. Isolate 2 appeared in the phylogenetic tree as the most divergent. This study indicates that blaZ resistance gene plays a role in β-lactam resistance in the tested bovine mastitis S. aureus isolates within dairy herds in the northwest of Portugal, especially in case of penicillin and ampicillin antibiotics that have shown a high phenotypic prevalence. Indeed, the proportion of bovine mastitis isolates with phenotypic resistance did not agree with the proportion of those identified for blaZ, as isolates with 100.0% of phenotypic susceptibility for all tested antibiotics also harbored blaZ. BlaZ phylogenetic analysis from S. aureus isolates showed diversity inside or between different herds in the northwest of Portugal. Piperacillin, as a suggestion, could be tested for S. aureus bovine mastitis treatment in the future to evaluate this new possibility of therapy. 5 S (S 3 βlactam β lactam family method (PCR 520 0 52.0 346 34 6 34.6 oxacillin 173 17 17.3 acid 211 21 1 21.1 cefazolin 57 7 5.7 96 9 9.6 19 1.9 respectively demonstrated 1000 100 100.0 piperacillin 67.3% 673 67 (67.3% clades cluster A.1 A1 B, , B) andor strains divergent Indeed Piperacillin suggestion therapy 52. 34. 17. 21. 5. 9. 1. 10 100. 67.3 (67.3 A. 67. (67. (67 (6 (

Resumen: Antecedentes: El cáncer es un problema de salud pública, una de las variables psicosociales en relación con esta enfermedad es el estrés, por tanto es necesario tener una escala que mida el estrés en población hispana con cáncer. Objetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Medida del Estado Actual (MOCS, por sus igla en inglés) en pacientes mexicanos con cáncer. Método: Estudio transversal, instrumental no experimental. Participaron 197 pacientes de 18 a 81 años, de cualquier etapa clínica, en tratamiento o seguimiento del cáncer. Instrumentos: MOCS y termómetro de malestar emocional. Análisis estadísticos: análisis factorial confirmatorio para evaluar el ajuste del modelo a los datos mediante el método de máxima verosimilitud y puntos de corte. Resultados: Se obtuvieron dos modelos, el primero, estado actual autopercibido, con un alfa de .90 varianza explicada de 74.2 %, el segundo, efectos inespecíficos, con un alfa de .61 varianza explicada de 74.3 %. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que ambos modelos tuvieron índices que sugieren estabilidad, ajuste aceptable, se muestran puntajes mediante rangos intercuartílicos para cada modelo. Conclusiones: la versión mexicana del MOCS tiene confiabilidad y validez, su estructura factorial confirmatoria es similar a la versión original. Se recomienda su uso en la práctica clínica e investigación en pacientes con cáncer.

Abstract: Background: Cancer is a public health problem, and stress is one of the psychosocial variables associated to this disease, which calls for the need to have a reliable scale to measures stress in the Hispanic population with cancer. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the Measurement of Current Status (MOCS) Scale in Mexican cancer patients. Method: Study design: Cross-sectional, non-experimental instrumental. A total of 197 patients aged 18-81 years, at any clinical stage, receiving cancer treatment or follow-up were included. Instruments: MOCS and emotional distress thermometer. Statistical analysis: Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the fit of the model to the data using the maximum likelihood estimation and cut-off points. Results: Two models were obtained. The first, self-perceived current state, had an alpha of .90 with an explained variance of 74.2 %; the second, non-specific effect, with an alpha of .61 and an explained variance of 74.3 %. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that both models had indexes suggesting stability and acceptable adjustment. Scores are shown by interquartile ranges for each model. Conclusions: The Mexican version of the MOCS is reliable and valid; with a confirmatory factor structure similar to the original version. Therefore, we support its use in the clinical and research setting with cancer patients.

Resumo: Antecedentes: O câncer é um problema de saúde pública, uma das variáveis psicossociais relacionadas a essa doença é o estresse, portanto, é necessário ter uma escala que meça o estresse na população hispânica com câncer. Objetivo: Determinar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Medição do Estado Atual (MOCS) em pacientes mexicanos com câncer. Método: Desenho do estudo: transversal, instrumental, não experimental. Participaram 197 pacientes com idades entre 18 e 81 anos, em qualquer estágio clínico, em tratamento ou acompanhamento do câncer. Instrumentos: MOCS e Termômetro de desconforto emocional. Análises estatísticas: análise fatorial confirmatória para avaliar o ajuste do modelo aos dados por meio do método de máxima verossimilhança e pontos de corte. Resultados: Foram obtidos dois modelos, o primeiro estado atual autopercebido com um alfa de 0,90 variância explicada de 74,2 %, o segundo efeito inespecífico com um alfa de 0,61 variância explicada de 74,3 %; a análise fatorial confirmatória mostrou que ambos os modelos tiveram índices que sugerem estabilidade, ajuste aceitável e são demonstradas pontuações por meio de intervalos interquartis para cada modelo. Conclusões: a versão mexicana do MOCS tem confiabilidade e validade; sua estrutura fatorial confirmatória é semelhante à versão original. É recomendado para prática clínica e pesquisa em pacientes com câncer.

Abstract This qualitative study aimed to characterize the life context and the meanings attributed to the migration process of Haitian families. Seven Haitian mothers who had children in Brazil participated in the research. In data collection, the combination of in-depth interview and Genogram Mecha were used. The organization and analysis of the data were based on the Grounded Theory and the help of the Atlas.ti 22.1.0 software, from which five categories of analysis emerged. The results showed that the living condition in Haiti was configured as a stressor in the family life cycle and drove the migratory process. It was identified that migration meant the possibility of a life with more security, access to health services, quality education, and job opportunities. It was observed that ambivalence of feelings accompanied the whole migratory process, which, added to the language barrier and the grief experienced, strained the decision to migrate and the arrival in Brazil. families research collection indepth depth used Atlasti Atlas ti 2210 22 1 0 22.1. software emerged security services education opportunities experienced 221 2 22.1 22.

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo objetivou caracterizar o contexto de vida e os significados atribuídos ao processo migratório de famílias haitianas. Participaram da pesquisa sete haitianas, mães, que tiveram filhos no Brasil. Na coleta dos dados, utilizou-se a combinação da entrevista em profundidade e Meca Genograma. A organização e a análise dos dados tiveram como base a Grounded Theory e o auxílio do software Atlas.ti 22.1.0, da qual emergiram cinco categorias de análise. Os resultados evidenciaram que a condição de vida no Haiti configurou-se como estressor do ciclo vital familiar e impulsionou o processo migratório. Identificou-se que a migração significou a possibilidade de vida com mais segurança, o acesso aos serviços de saúde, a educação de qualidade e as oportunidades de emprego. Observou-se que a ambivalência de sentimentos acompanhou todo o processo migratório, que somada à barreira linguística e aos lutos vivenciados, tensionaram a decisão de migrar e a chegada ao Brasil. haitianas mães Brasil utilizouse utilizou se Genograma Atlasti Atlas ti 2210 22 1 0 22.1.0 configurouse configurou Identificouse Identificou segurança saúde emprego Observouse Observou vivenciados 221 2 22.1. 22.1 22.

Resumen: El presente ensayo tiene el objetivo de explicar la importancia de la taxonomía revisada de Bloom, en la redacción de resultados de aprendizaje, para lo cual se plantean recomendaciones de su uso. En el documento se hace mención sobre la necesidad de generar propuestas educativas con mayor vinculación al contexto social, razón por la cual se han emitido políticas que promueven el diseño y la ejecución de planes de estudios centra- dos en el estudiantado. En este sentido, se aborda el trabajo desarrollado por autores como Kennedy (2006) y Biggs y Tang (2011) para la redacción de los resultados de aprendizaje. Finalmente, se desarrolla con un ejemplo, la coherencia que debe existir entre los resultados de aprendizaje, la evaluación y la implementación de las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, en el proceso formativo de la población estudiantil, entendido esto como el alineamiento constructivo. Se concluye que si bien las taxonomías son una guía que propone una clasificación jerárquica de los niveles de desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos y de conocimiento, su uso debe pasar de ser una tarea mecánica a un proceso de reflexión sobre el objeto de estudio de una disciplina académica. También se plantea la importancia de llevar a cabo el proceso de diseño de los resultados en equipos de trabajo, con la capacitación sobre su elaboración y el uso de las taxonomías, para lo cual la participación y acompañamiento de expertos en materia curricular se convierte en un requisito imprescindible.

Resumo: O objetivo deste ensaio é explicar a importância da taxonomia revista de Bloom na redação dos resultados do aprendizado, para os quais são apresentadas recomendações para seu uso. O documento menciona a necessidade de gerar propostas educacionais com maiores vínculos com o contexto social, razão pela qual foram emitidas políticas para promover a concepção e implementação de currículos centrados no estudante. A este respeito, é abordado o trabalho desenvolvido por autores como Kennedy (2006) e Biggs e Tang (2011) para a redacção de resultados de aprendizagem. Finalmente, a coerência que deve existir entre os resultados do aprendizado, a avaliação e a implementação de estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem no processo formativo da população estudantil, entendida como alinhamento construtivo, é desenvolvida com um exemplo. Concluise que, embora as taxonomias sejam um guia que propõe uma classificação hierárquica dos níveis de desenvolvimento dos processos cognitivos e de conhecimento, sua utilização deve passar de uma tarefa mecâ nica a um processo de reflexão sobre o objeto de estudo de uma disciplina acadêmica. Também, sobre a impor- tância de realizar o processo de elaboração dos resultados em equipes de trabalho, comtreinamento sobre sua elaboração e o uso de taxonomias, para o qual a participação e o acompanhamento de especialistas em assuntos curriculares se tornam um requisito essencial.

Abstract:The purpose of this essay is to explain the importance of Bloom’s revised taxonomy in the writing of learning outcomes, for which recommendations for its use are proposed. The document mentions the need to generate educational proposals that are more closely linked to the social context, which is why policies have been issued to promote the design and implementation of student-centered curricula. In this sense, the work developed by authors such as Kennedy (2006) and Biggs and Tang (2011) for the writing of learning outcomes is addressed. Finally, it is developed with an example, the coherence that should exist between learning outcomes, assessment and implementation of teaching-learning strategies, in the formative process of the student population, understood as constructive alignment. It is concluded that although taxonomies are a guide that proposes a hierarchical classification of the levels of development of cognitive and knowledge processes, their use should go from being a mechanical task to a process of reflection on the object of study of an academic discipline. Also, on the importance of carrying out the process of designing the results in work teams, with training on their elaboration and the use of taxonomies, for which the participation and accompaniment of experts in curricular matters becomes an essential requirement.

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou o isolamento e a identificação das bactérias de diferentes microbiotas de lhamas. Para tanto, testes de disco difusão e diagnósticos moleculares para pesquisa de genes de resistência foram realizados. Foram isolados cinco Staphylococcus spp. coagulase positiva e 19 Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativa, 19 Escherichia coli¸ duas Pantoea agglomerans, uma Koserella trabulsii, uma Enterobacter aerogenes e uma Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Entre os isolados de Staphylococcus spp., 79,17% foram resistentes ao sulfazotrim, 45,83% resistentes à penicilina e 20,83% à ampicilina. Foi confirmada a presença do gene mecA em apenas um isolado oxacilina resistente. No teste de disco difusão, 58,3% das enterobactérias foram resistentes à amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico e à cefotaxima, 50% à ceftazidima e ceftriaxona, e 33,3% à amoxicilina. Ainda entre os isolados Gram-negativos, não houve a expressão fenotípica de isolados ESBL. O presente trabalho expôs a presença de microrganismos resistentes a antibióticos em lhamas que não tiveram contato prévio com essas drogas, além da presença do gene mecA em um dos animais. O conhecimento da microbiota bacteriana de diferentes espécies animais tem se tornado cada vez mais importante. Tal relevância se deve à possibilidade de esses microrganismos serem compartilhados entre os animais, os humanos e até mesmo o meio ambiente. tanto realizados spp 1 negativa coli agglomerans trabulsii Pneumoniae 7917 79 17 79,17 sulfazotrim 4583 45 83 45,83 2083 20 20,83 ampicilina resistente 583 58 3 58,3 cefotaxima 50 ceftriaxona 333 33 33,3 Gramnegativos, Gramnegativos Gram negativos, negativos Gram-negativos ESBL drogas importante ambiente 791 7 79,1 458 4 8 45,8 208 2 20,8 5 58, 33, 79, 45, 20,

Abstract Thisstudy aims to understand the exile of Miguel Arraes, who was the governor of Pernambuco State during the 1964 civil--military coup d’état. In the aftermath of the coup, Arraes was arrested and left Brazil in mid-1965, seeking refuge in Algeria, which was known as the “Revolution Mecca” at that time. He remained in exile there until 1979. Meanwhile, he gathered a group of political supporters, which were mainly linked to his deposed government. Together, they developed strategies to resist the dictatorship in Brazil, such as coordinating opposition fronts, publishing complaints of international scope, and participating in the Bertrand Russell II Court. Despite being in exile, he remained under the surveillance of the dictatorial regime, particularly through the actions of the Brazilian embassy in Algiers. In order to do so, we examine memoirs of exile, whistleblowing bulletins published abroad, documents produced by the dictatorial government’s information agencies, as well as diplomatic correspondence exchanged between the Brazilian embassy and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Thus, we seek to understand how exile, although a strategy deployed to cast out those who were considered enemies, eventually became an opportunity for new strategies of resistance and insurgency to take hold. 196 civilmilitary civil military détat. détat d état. état d’état mid1965, mid1965 mid 1965, 1965 mid-1965 Algeria Revolution Mecca time 1979 Meanwhile supporters government Together fronts scope Court regime Algiers so abroad governments s agencies Affairs Thus enemies hold 19 mid196 mid-196 197 1 mid19 mid-19 mid1 mid-1 mid-

Resumo O artigo objetiva compreender o exílio de Miguel Arraes, governador de Pernambuco no momento do golpe civil-militar de 1964. Imediatamente foi preso e, em meados de 1965, conseguiu partir para a Argélia, então conhecida como “Meca da Revolução”. Lá ficou exilado até o retorno, em 1979. Aos poucos, foi aglutinando em torno de si um pequeno grupo de apoiadores, sobretudo vinculados ao seu governo deposto, assim como passou a atuar junto ao governo argelino. Durante o exílio, Arraes agiu, conjuntamente com outros militantes, para a elaboração de estratégias de resistência à ditadura, articulando frentes de oposição, publicando denúncias de alcance internacional, participando do Tribunal Bertrand Russel II, entre outros. Mesmo exilado, Arraes foi mantido sob vigilância da ditadura, sobretudo com a ação da embaixada brasileira. Utilizamos, para tanto, memórias acerca do exílio, boletins de denúncia, a documentação produzida pelos órgãos de informação da ditadura e a correspondência diplomática trocada entre a embaixada brasileira em Argel e o Itamaraty. Buscamos compreender como o exílio, além de uma estratégia utilizada para fazer com que saíssem do país aqueles considerados inimigos, foi também um espaço de rearticulação política e criação de outras formas de resistência. civilmilitar civil militar 1964 1965 Argélia Meca Revolução. Revolução . Revolução” retorno 1979 poucos apoiadores deposto argelino agiu militantes oposição internacional II Utilizamos tanto denúncia Itamaraty inimigos 196 197 19 1

Resumo Staphylococcus aureus é um importante patógeno de origem alimentar associado à intoxicação alimentar e outras infecções múltiplas em seres humanos. Sua presença em alimentos salgados é um problema sério devido ao seu potencial de tolerância ao sal. Um estudo foi realizado para analisar a presença de enterotoxinas produtoras de resistência a drogas S. aureus em peixes salgados do mar de Gwadar. Amostras recém-perseveradas (n = 50) de peixes salgados foram submetidas à análise da presença de S. aureus usando os primers dos genes 16S rRNA e Nuc. Os isolados foram então avaliados quanto à resistência a drogas e potencial de produção de enterotoxinas usando primers específicos para os genes MecA (gene de resistência à meticilina), (SEA) enterotoxina A estafilocócica e (SEB) enterotoxina B estafilocócica genes. Um total de 13/50 (26%) das amostras foi considerado positivas para a presença de S. aureus, confirmadas preliminarmente com perfis bioquímicos e finalmente com a ajuda da presença de genes-alvo. Os isolados foram encontrados com 100% de resistência à meticilina, os quais foram confirmados molecularmente pela presença do gene MecA no genoma. Os isolados 5/13 (38%) foram positivos para SEA e 3/13 (23%) para genes SEB, enquanto 2/13 (15%) foram confirmados tendo os genes SEA e SEB em seu genoma. Também foi verificado que todos os isolados foram capazes de formar biofilme sobre as superfícies de vidro. Concluiu-se que o estudo confirmou a presença de Staphylococcus aurous resistente à meticilina enterotoxigênica (MRSA) em produtos de peixe salgado, o que representa uma grande preocupação para a segurança alimentar. Medidas preventivas e de controle são necessárias para lidar com essa grave preocupação com a segurança alimentar.

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is an important foodborne pathogen associated to food intoxication and other multiple infections in human being. Its presence in salted food is a serious issue due to its salt tolerance potential. A study was conducted to analyze the presence of enterotoxins producing drug resistance S. aureus in salted sea fish from Gwadar. Freshly persevered samples (n=50) of salted fish were subjected to analyze the presence of S. aureus using 16S rRNA and Nuc genes primers. The isolates were then evaluated for drug resistance and enterotoxins producing potential using specific primers for MecA (methicillin resistance gene), (SEA) staphylococcal enterotoxin A and (SEB) staphylococcal enterotoxin B genes. Total 13/50 (26%) of the samples were found positive for the presence of S. aureus, preliminary confirmed with biochemical profiling and finally with the help of target genes presence. The isolates were found showing 100% resistant to methicillin, which were molecularly confirmed by the presence of MecA gene present in genome. The isolates 5/13 (38%) were positive for SEA and 3/13 (23%) for SEB genes, whereas 2/13 (15%) were confirmed having both SEA and SEB genes in its genome. It was also confirmed that all the isolates were capable to form biofilm over the glass surfaces. It was concluded that the study confirmed the presence of enterotoxigenic methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aurous (MRSA) in salted fish product, that poses gross food safety concern. Preventive and control measures are necessary to handle this serious food safety concern.

Resumen Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia del gen mecA en Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) aislados de pacientes atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel en la región Cajamarca, Perú; asimismo, determinar cuál de los dos antibióticos usados como screening fenotípico tiene mayor utilidad para explicar la presencia de dicho gen. Métodos: se analizaron 71 aislamientos bacterianos provenientes de muestras del Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca, la identificación de S. aureus se llevó a cabo mediante el equipo MicroScan. El screening fenotípico para resistencia a meticilina se realizó mediante la técnica de difusión, con discos de cefoxitina y oxacilina. La extracción de ADN se realizó mediante shock térmico, la detección del gen mecA se realizó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS v.25. Resultados: de los 71 aislados, 40 (56,3%) fueron MRSA portadores del gen mecA, la mayoría de estos aislamientos correspondieron a pacientes hospitalizados 22 (31,0%), siendo más frecuentes en muestras de secreción bronquial 27 (38,0%). El screening fenotípico con disco de cefoxitina predijo mejor la presencia del gen mecA [P=0,010; Exp(B)= 12,3] en comparación con el disco de oxacilina. Conclusiones: este estudio demostró alta frecuencia de MRSA mecA positivo en muestras de origen clínico, principalmente de pacientes hospitalizados. Es importante establecer medidas de vigilancia para identificar MRSA en todos los hospitales de la región.

Abstract Objective: to determine the frequency of the mecA gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from patients treated at a third-level hospital in the Cajamarca region, Peru; as well as, to determine which of the two antibiotics used as phenotypic screening is more useful in explaining the presence of said gene. Methods: 71 bacterial isolates were analyzed from samples obtained from the Hospital Regional Docente of Cajamarca. The identification of S. aureus was carried out using the MicroScan system. Phenotypic screening for resistance to methicillin was performed using the diffusion technique with cefoxitin and oxacillin discs. DNA extraction was performed by heat shock, mecA gene detection was performed through polymerase chain reaction. For data analysis, the statistical software SPSS v.25 was used. Results: from 71 isolates, 40 (56,3%) were MRSA carriers of the mecA gene, the majority of these isolates corresponded to hospitalized patients 22 (31,0%), being more frequent in bronchial secretion samples 27 (38,0%). Phenotypic screening with cefoxitin disc was a better predictor for the presence of the mecA gene [P=0,010; Exp(B)= 12,3] compared to the oxacillin disc. Conclusions: It is shown a high frequency of positive MRSA mecA in samples of clinical origin, mainly from hospitalized patients. It is important to establish surveillance guidelines to identify MRSA in all hospitals in the region.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically 27 mecApositive Staphylococcus aureus strains with oxacillin MICs of ≤2 g/ml by Vitek 2, isolated indifferent regions of Uruguay. Susceptibility to oxacillin and cefoxitin was studied by gradient dif-fusion, disk diffusion to cefoxitin, and Phoenix and MicroScan systems. PBP2a was determined.SCCmec typing was performed and the isolates were compared by PFGE. Twenty-six isolateswere susceptible to oxacillin; one strain was susceptible to cefoxitin by disk diffusion and 3strains by gradient diffusion. Phoenix and MicroScan panels detected methicillin resistance in25 and 27 strains, respectively. Twenty-six strains tested positive for PBP2a. Twenty-six strainscarried SCCmec V and 24 belonged to pulsotype A. One strain carried SCCmec IV and did notbelong to pulsotype A. Cefoxitin disk diffusion test and PBP2a detection correctly identified 26of these 27 strains as MRSA. PFGE results suggest the dissemination of a cluster of MRSA carryingSCCmec V.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar fenotípicamente y genotípicamente 27 cepas de Staphylococcus aureus positivas para mecA y con CIM de oxacilina <2 pg/ml según Vitek 2, obtenidas en diferentes regiones del país. La sensibilidad frente a la oxacilina y la cefoxitina se estudió por difusión en gradiente, por disco-difusión (cefoxitina) y por los sistemas Phoenix y MicroScan. Se analizó la portación de PBP2a, se realizó la tipificación de SCCmec y las cepas se compararon mediante PFGE. Resultaron sensibles a oxacilina por difusión en gradiente 26 cepas; una fue sensible a cefoxitina por disco-difusión y 3 lo fueron por difusión en gradiente. Los sistemas Phoenix y MicroScan detectaron resistencia a meticilina en 25 y 27 cepas, respectivamente. Asimismo, 26 cepas portaban PBP2a y 26 cepas mostraron presencia de SCCmec V, 24 correspondieron al pulsotipo A. Una portaba SCCmec IV y no perteneció al pulsotipo A. La prueba de disco-difusión con cefoxitina y la detección de PBP2a identificaron 26 de 27 cepas como MRSA. La PFGE sugiere la diseminación de un grupo MRSA con SCCmec V. © 2022 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Resumen: La infección por coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) se ha expandido rápidamente. En pediatría está des crito un cuadro similar al shock, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) o pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). Los meca nismos de compromiso cardiológico no están aclarados. Objetivo: Describir el compromiso cardio lógico y marcadores inflamatorios en pacientes hospitalizados con MIS-C en un hospital terciario. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, en menores de 15 años portadores de MIS-C. Se obtuvieron variables demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio, incluyendo troponina, péptido natriurético tipo B (proBNP), ecocardiograma y electrocardiograma (ECG). Se comparan pacien tes con/sin compromiso cardiológico (CCC/SCC). Análisis estadístico: QuickCalcs-©2018 GraphPad Software, p < 0,05. Resultados: Trece pacientes con diagnóstico de MIS-C, 9 varones, mediana de edad 9,5 años. Todos presentaron fiebre y dolor abdominal, agregando uno o más de los siguientes síntomas: vómitos, exantema, diarrea, mucosas alteradas y/o edema. Cinco pacientes presentaron compromiso hemodinámico, 9/13 se catalogaron CCC. Las troponinas resultaron elevadas 4,1 veces en CCC (p < 0,05), ProBNP mediana CCC 6.940 pg/ml vs 921 pg/ml en SCC (p < 0,05), Ferritina mediana CCC 482 vs 154 ng/ml en SCC (p < 0,01), plaquetas CCC 106.000 vs SCC 207.000/mm3 (p < 0,05). El Ecocardiograma mostró derrame pericárdico (N = 6), disfunción sistólica leve (N = 4), disfunción moderada (N = 1) y alteraciones coronarias (N = 3). En el ECG, 3 pacientes presentaron alteración transitoria de repolarización y 1 bloqueo auriculoventricular de primer grado. Ninguno requirió apoyo con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea, sin fallecidos. Conclusión: El com promiso cardiológico en niños hospitalizados con MIS-C es frecuente. Nuestra serie mostró síntomas inespecíficos y transitorios; los pacientes con compromiso hemodinámico respondieron precozmen te a tratamiento médico, con una evolución favorable. Los marcadores en pacientes CCC fueron troponina, ProBNP, ferritina y trombocitopenia. El hallazgo ecográfico más frecuente fue derrame pericárdico. Se evidencia la importancia de la evaluación cardiológica tanto clínica como de labora torio en estos pacientes.

Abstract: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread rapidly. In pediatrics, a condition similar to shock is described named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). The mechanisms of cardiological involvement are not clear. Objective: To describe cardiological involvement and inflammatory markers in hospitalized patients with MIS-C in a tertiary hospital. Patients and Method: Observational, retrospective study in children under 15 years of age with MIS-C. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were collected from an electronic platform, including troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP), ultrasound, and electrocardiogram. Patients with / without cardiological involvement (CCC / SCC) were compared. GraphPad QuickCalcs© 2018 Software was used for statistical analysis, considering p < 0.05. Results: Thirteen patients diagnosed with MIS-C, 9 males, median age 9.5 years. All presented with fever and abdominal pain, adding one or more of the following symptoms: vomiting, exanthema, diarrhea, altered mucous membranes and/or edema. Five patients had hemodynamic compromise, 9/13 were categorized as CCC. Troponins were elevated 4.1 times in CCC (p < 0.05), median ProBNP CCC 6940 pg/ml vs 921 pg/ml in SCC (p < 0.05), median Ferritin CCC 482 vs 154 ng/ml in SCC (p < 0.01), platelets CCC 106,000 vs SCC 207,000/mm3 (p < 0.05). Echocardiogram showed pericardial effusion (N = 6), mild systolic dysfunction (N = 4), moderate dysfunction (N = 1) and coronary alterations (N = 3). In the ECG, 3 patients presented transient repolarization disturbance and 1 first-degree atrioventricular block. None required support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, with no deaths. Conclusion: cardiological involvement in hospitalized children with MIS-C is frequent. Our series showed nonspecific and transitory symptoms, and hemodynamic compromise which responded early to medical treatment, with a favorable evolution. The markers in CCC patients were troponin, ProBNP, ferritin, and thrombocytopenia. The most frequent ultrasound finding was pericardial effusion. The importance of both clinical and laboratory cardiological evaluation in these patients is evident.

Resumen Existe información limitada sobre prevalencia y sensibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas de Staphylococcus coagulasa-positivas (CoPS) en entornos veterinarios en Chile. El objetivo de este estudio observacional fue identificar y caracterizar cepas CoPS de perros, duenos, veterinarios y superficies de un hospital veterinario de la Universidad de Chile, determinar la presencia de cepas meticilino-resistentes y evaluar la relación genética entre las cepas. Se colectaron muestras de veterinarios (n = 24), de superficies hospitalarias (n = 10) y de perros sanos (n =40) y sus respectivos duenos (n = 40). Los aislamientos se identificaron mediante PCR y la sensibilidad antimicrobiana se evaluó por difusión en discos y CIM. También se empleó PCR para detectar la presencia del gen mecA; la relación genética entre las cepas se estableció mediante electroforesis de campos pulsantes (PFGE). Se obtuvo un total de 45 cepas de CoPS, 8 de veterinarios, 3 de superficies hospitalarias, 8 de duenos y 26 de perros. Nueve cepas fueron meticilino-resistentes (20%), todas portadoras del gen mecA. Un porcentaje importante de cepas fue resistente a clindamicina (33,3%). Además, las cepas aisladas mostraron una alta diversidad genética. Este estudio sugiere que los veterinarios tienen alto riesgo de portar CoPS resistentes a meticilina (25% versus 2,5% propietarios). Asimismo, nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia de que la clindamicina podría no ser una alternativa empírica para CoPS en el hospital analizado. Este es el primer estudio de CoPS meticilino-resistentes en entornos veterinarios en Chile que considera humanos, mascotas y superficies.

Abstract There is limited information about the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) strains in veterinary settings in Chile. The aim of this observational study was to identify and characterize CoPS strains from dogs, owners, veterinary professionals and surfaces in a veterinary teaching hospital at Universidad de Chile to determine the presence of methicillin-resistant strains and evaluate the genetic relationship among the strains. Veterinarians (n = 24), surfaces (n = 10), and healthy dogs (n = 40) and their respective owners (n = 40) were sampled for CoPS. Isolates were identified by PCRand antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method and MIC. The presence of the mecA gene was evaluated by PCR, and the genetic relationship among the strains was established by PFGE. A total of 45 CoPS strains were obtained, eight from veterinary professionals, three from hospital surfaces, eight from owners and 26 from dogs. Nine of the strains were resistant to methicillin (20%), and all of them carried the mecA gene. A high percentage of the strains was resistant to clindamycin (33.3%). Additionally, the isolated CoPS showed high genetic diversity. This study suggests that veterinarians are in high risk of harboring methicillin-resistant CoPS (25% versus 2.5% from owners) and our results provide evidence that clindamycin could not be an empiric alternative for CoPS in the analyzed hospital. This is the first report of methicillin-resistant CoPS in veterinary settings in Chile, considering humans, pets and surfaces.