ABSTRACT This article presents the issue of water access in the context of the Paraguayan Chaco and the alternative that the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), Pro Comunidades Indígenas (PCI), along with indigenous and peasant communities in the area, has been experimenting with to address the problem; from water access to the challenge of its treatment and purification for human consumption. The methodological approach of this research is qualitative, employing participant observation and semi-structured interviews with technicians, coordinators of the implementing institution of the nature-based safe water system, and community leaders. Additionally, bibliographic consultations and review of PCI institutional documents were conducted to obtain secondary data. The results of this study provide a description of PCI's experiences and lessons learned about a nature-based safe water treatment system, which utilizes biofilters such as stone, gravel, sand, and charcoal. This article covers the trials for the construction of the sys- tem, explains its operation, and discusses its implementation in communities. The nature-based safe water system proves effective for small populations and provides a solution to a long-standing problem in the Chaco territory. Its construction is easy, short-term, and much less costly than conventional water treatment systems. Additionally, the joint construction of the system with the residents, technical training in its operation and maintenance, greatly contributes to its sustainability. This article contributes to the identification, application, and study of suitable water systems for areas with difficult access to this vital liquid, such as the Paraguayan Chaco. Furthermore, it is an innovative and eco-friendly system, meaning it is environmentally friendly.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta la problemática del acceso al agua en el contexto del Chaco paraguayo y la alternativa que la Organización No Gubernamental (ONG), Pro Comunidades Indígenas (PCI), junto con las comunidades indígenas y campesinas de la zona, ha venido ensayando para buscar solución a la problemática; desde el acceso al agua hasta el desafío de su tratamiento y potabilización para el consumo humano. El enfoque metodológico de esta investigación es cualitativo, empleando la observación-participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas con técnicos, coordinadores de la institución ejecutora del sistema de agua segura basado en la naturaleza y líderes comunitarios. Además, se realizaron consultas bibliográficas y revisión de documentos institucionales de PCI para obtener datos secundarios. Los resultados de este estudio arrojan la descripción de las experiencias y las lecciones aprendidas de PCI sobre un sistema de tratamiento de agua segura basado en la naturaleza, que utiliza los llamados biofiltros, como piedra, grava, arena y carbón. Este artículo parte de los ensayos para la construcción del sistema, la explicación del funcionamiento de este hasta su implementación en las comunidades. El sistema de agua segura basado en la naturaleza resulta efectivo para poblaciones pequeñas y proporciona una solución a una problemática de larga data en el territorio chaqueño. Su construcción es fácil, de corto plazo y mucho menos costoso que el sistema convencional de tratamiento de agua. Así también, la construcción conjunta del sistema con los pobladores, la capacitación técnica a los mismos en su operación y mantenimiento, contribuyen enormemente a la sostenibilidad de este. Este artículo es una contribución a la identificación, aplicación y estudio de sistemas de agua adecuados para zonas de difícil acceso a este líquido vital, como es el caso del Chaco paraguayo. Además, se trata de un sistema innovador y ecológico, es decir, amigable con el medio ambiente.

Abstract This paper examines the potential of cloud technologies in audiovisual translator education with a particular emphasis on cloud subtitling. The fast-growing global demand for multimedia content has recently led to the significant growth of audiovisual translation (AVT) as both a professional avenue and an academic discipline (Díaz-Cintas, 2019). Developments in cloud computing have profoundly altered work in the language and translation industries in general and media localisation workflows in particular (Díaz-Cintas & Massidda, 2019). The market’s leading stakeholders are currently exploiting cloud technologies in an attempt to maximise resources, extend freelance networks and enhance efficiency. Access to most of these technologies, however, remains restricted to the largest media-streaming and translation service providers, meaning that they cannot be utilised by the public, not least would-be translators and trainers. The umbilical connection between translator education and new technologies, such as cloud computing, calls for a more detailed examination of how cloud subtitling is being integrated into the AVT classroom. Indeed, to be fully employable in an ever-changing market, AVT trainees need to be fully conversant in the latest technologies (Cerezo-Merchán, 2018) and adapt to new ecosystems quickly. The ubiquitous cloud-based revoicing and subtitling editors used in the industry are becoming timidly, albeit steadily, more manifest in higher education. This paper thus examines the uses of cloud subtitling systems in audiovisual translator education following instances of action research (AR) experimentation. It presents the results from a pilot AR study conducted at a translator training institution and ultimately proposes ways to further explore cloud technologies in higher education while fostering academia-industry partnerships. fastgrowing fast growing (AVT DíazCintas, DíazCintas Díaz Cintas, Cintas 2019. 2019 . 2019) Massidda markets market s resources efficiency however mediastreaming streaming providers public wouldbe would trainers classroom Indeed everchanging ever changing CerezoMerchán, CerezoMerchán Cerezo Merchán, Merchán (Cerezo-Merchán 2018 quickly cloudbased based timidly steadily (AR experimentation academiaindustry academia partnerships 201 20 2

Resumo Plataformas de streaming de música têm alterado os modos de consumo com base em sistemas de recomendação e entregas personalizadas. No Twitter/X, observamos postagens de ouvintes comentando sobre ensinar esses sistemas com o intuito de aumentar sua acurácia em relação aos próprios gostos. Mapeamos essas práticas sociocomunicacionais com o objetivo de investigar o que elas entendem por educar algoritmos e como esses relatos expressam performances de gosto musical. Tendo como metodologia a coleta e análise dos conteúdos das publicações realizadas pelos ouvintes, o estudo é baseado em 82 tweets/xs postados entre 2021 e 2022. Neles, identificamos três eixos de sentido: (1) gestão pragmática dos comportamentos com base na ideia de educação; (2) transformações do consumo musical; e (3) performances de um gosto ensinado. Como resultados, propomos a noção de educabilidade algorítmica, que aponta para a naturalização de uma escuta datificada. personalizadas TwitterX Twitter X Twitter/X gostos musical 8 tweetsxs tweets xs 202 2022 Neles sentido 1 (1 educação 2 (2 3 (3 ensinado resultados algorítmica datificada 20 (

Abstract Music streaming platforms have changed consumption modes through recommender systems and personalized deliveries. On Twitter/X, we observed listeners talking about teaching these systems in order to increase their accuracy in relation to their own tastes. We mapped these socio-communicational practices with the aim of investigating what they mean by educating algorithms and how these reports express taste performances. Using the collection and analysis of the contents of publications made by listeners as a methodology, the study is based on 82 tweets/xs posted between 2021 and 2022. In them, we identified three axes of meaning: (1) pragmatic management of behaviors based on the idea of education; (2) transformations in musical consumption; and (3)performances of a taught taste. As results, we propose the notion of algorithmic educability, which points to the naturalization of data-driven listening. deliveries TwitterX Twitter X Twitter/X tastes sociocommunicational socio communicational performances methodology 8 tweetsxs tweets xs 202 2022 them meaning 1 (1 education 2 (2 3performances 3 results educability datadriven data driven listening 20 (

Resumo O valor espiritual atribuído à morte, pelos guardiões do coração do mundo na Serra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colômbia, como em outras culturas indígenas, integra uma preparação social, física, ética, ecológica e emocional para fazer um acompanhamento saudável para a vida após a morte. Sua importância vai muito além de uma visão relacionada a eventos espetaculares ou a desmistificação de sua visão de mundo como “pobres ou vulneráveis”. Por meio de uma reflexão situada dos processos de saúde, doença e cuidado no contexto indígena do final da vida, propomos considerar o significado das ocupações na tríade vida - morte - renascimento, para garantir o direito a uma morte segura e culturalmente apropriada. A dimensão ocupacional, como agente de criação e interpretação dos significados coletivos das comunidades indígenas por meio da espiritugogía precedida por sua ancestralidade, pode oferecer outras perspectivas interculturais de cuidados paliativos milenares e um acompanhamento diferenciado e respeitoso pelos sistemas de saúde. Marta Colômbia social física ética pobres vulneráveis. vulneráveis . vulneráveis” saúde renascimento apropriada ocupacional ancestralidade

Abstract The spiritual value attributed to death, by the guardians of the heart of the world in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, as in other indigenous cultures, integrates a social, physical, ethical, ecological, and emotional preparation to make a healthy accompaniment to life after death. Its importance goes far beyond a vision related to spectacular events or the demystification of the indigenous worldview as being considered “poor or vulnerable”. Through a situated reflection of the health, illness and care processes within an indigenous context at the end of life, we propose to consider the meaning of occupations in the triad of life - death - rebirth, to ensure a compliance with the right of one that alludes to the meaning of a safe and culturally appropriate death. The occupational dimension, as an agent for creating and interpreting the collective meanings of indigenous communities through the espiritugogía preceded by their ancestry, can offer other intercultural perspectives of ancient palliative care and differentiated and respectful support by health systems. Marta Colombia cultures social physical ethical ecological poor vulnerable. vulnerable . vulnerable” rebirth dimension ancestry systems

Resumen El valor espiritual atribuido a la muerte, para los guardianes del corazón del mundo en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, como en otras culturas indígenas, integra una preparación social, física, ética, ecológica y emocional para hacer un acompañamiento saludable a la vida después de la muerte. Su importancia va mucho más allá de una visión relacionada con hechos espectaculares o la desmitificación de su cosmovisión como “pobre o vulnerable”. A través de una reflexión situada de los procesos de salud, enfermedad y cuidado en el contexto indígena del final de la vida, proponemos considerar el sentido de las ocupaciones en la tríada vida - muerte - renacimiento, para garantizar el derecho a una muerte segura y culturalmente adecuada. La dimensión ocupacional, como agente de construcción e interpretación de los significados colectivos de las comunidades indígenas a través de la espiritugogía precedida por su ancestralidad, puede ofrecer otras perspectivas interculturales de cuidados paliativos milenarios y un seguimiento diferenciado y respetuoso por parte de los sistemas de salud. Marta Colombia social física ética pobre vulnerable. vulnerable . vulnerable” salud renacimiento adecuada ocupacional ancestralidad

RESUMO Neste artigo, discutem-se as estratégias utilizadas por onze docentes, participantes de um projeto de pesquisa em didática da literatura, desenvolvido em Barcelona, Espanha, o qual aborda a multimodalidade em obras de ficção digital. São examinadas, a partir de uma perspectiva qualitativa, falas dos sujeitos sobre o processo de produção de sentidos, bem como identificados os desafios interpretativos que emergem na leitura dessas obras durante a elaboração de dispositivos didáticos para uso em sala de aula. A análise se fundamenta em estudos sobre multimodalidade, intermidialidade e ficção digital, aplicados para examinar gravações em vídeo das reuniões de socialização dos docentes sobre a leitura das obras. Como resultados, foram identificadas estratégias relacionadas à necessidade de uma leitura detalhada para observação das relações entre os modos semióticos, à análise de seu papel na obra e ao cotejo com outros sistemas culturais. Também foi verificada, na experiência de leitura, a existência de desafios relacionados às novas formas de narrar proporcionadas pelo ambiente digital. artigo discutemse discutem literatura Barcelona Espanha digital examinadas qualitativa sentidos aula resultados semióticos culturais verificada

ABSTRACT This article explores the strategies employed by eleven teachers participating in a research project on literature didactics in Barcelona, Spain, focusing on multimodality in digital fiction works. Using a qualitative approach, it investigates the discourse of the subjects concerning the process of meaning-making and identifies interpretive challenges encountered in reading these works while developing didactic materials for classroom use. The analysis draws upon research on multimodality, intermediality, and digital fiction, utilizing video recordings of teachers’ meetings dedicated to discussing the reading of these works. The findings reveal strategies that emphasize the necessity of meticulous reading to discern the interplay between semiotic modes and analyze their functions within the works, as well as comparisons with other cultural systems. Additionally, the study uncovers challenges associated with the novel storytelling formats offered by the digital environment in the reading experience. Barcelona Spain approach meaningmaking meaning making use intermediality systems Additionally experience

BACKGROUND: This article affirms and confirms the existence of evaluation epistemologies and methods that are unique to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC OBJECTIVES: Inspired by the Dr Sulley Gariba Memorial Lecture series, 'Made in Africa Evaluation', which has been hosted in various continents, Latin America has delved into the matter, setting out to explore the differences and similarities between us and our sister continent, Africa, and comparing our practice and worldviews with those of others in the Global South METHOD: The preliminary results of that research were used to spark debate and collective reflection at the 2022 LAC Evaluation Conference in Quito, Ecuador RESULTS: The aim of this article is to share some key elements of evaluation from a decolonisation perspective that explains and denounces inequities while enabling us to imagine fairer democratic systems in LAC CONCLUSION: ReLAC - our own regional evaluation network - is proud to have spent the last 20 years strengthening the monitoring & evaluation (M) profession and sharing the distinctive ways that our evaluation communities experience, perceive and understand knowledge in highly diverse cultural, political, social and economic territories throughout the region CONTRIBUTION: We show that evaluation theory and practice must begin with a study of the past, our ancestral and local cultures in order to learn from them and construct our present accordingly. We urge to face the challenge of working with respect, otherness and the dignity of communities, their peoples and territories as we build horizons of meaning for our evaluative practices

The sudden arrival of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in South Africa drastically changed the normal way of life in all sectors. It compelled everyone to look at the meaning of life and death differently and more painfully than before. This article investigates the cultural theories and religious narratives on the meaning of life and death, associated with the pervasiveness of the COVID-19 pandemic. The coronavirus affected individuals, families and communities, some directly or indirectly, no one is or was immune to the virus. The article argues that due to COVID-19 restrictions and lockdowns, culture, religious practices and protocols have been upended. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged inkcubeko nenkolo yabantu [culture, people's religious belief systems and practices]. This article consists of in-depth qualitative interviews with four religious leaders from the Christian and Muslim faiths. Because of the interviews with persons, oral historians conduct open-ended interviews, as a form of social inquiry. Oral history narratives thus connect the individual and the social, drawing on cultural and religious expressions to tell one's story. CONTRIBUTION: The scholarly contribution of this article adds value and significance to oral history research, as a way of collecting and interpreting human memories and experiences on the meaning of life and death during the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses the dreadfulness of the COVID-19 scourge concerning religious and cultural effects, social sciences and people's narrative reflections.

The seemingly innocuous description of Leah as having 'soft' eyes in Genesis 29:17 has captivated scholars and readers for centuries. This article advances an ironic interpretation, suggesting that Leah's 'soft' eyes were not a sign of weakness but, rather, an indication of envy and malevolence, potentially contributing to fertility issues faced by her sister Rachel in terms of the ancient Near Eastern evil eye belief complex. In this context, the article delves into ancient belief systems that entwined beauty, fertility, and the malevolent gaze. CONTRIBUTION: Drawing from biblical texts, historical sources, and contemporary scholarship, this article reveals the intricate layers of meaning within this minor detail

Trafficking in persons (TIP) is a global scourge. In Africa, however, it is most prevalent in West and Central Africa. This paper uses Ghana as a case study to examine efforts to curb this menace at the national level. Drawing on the concept of institutional collaboration, interviews conducted among key stakeholders, and a review of policy documents, we found that the major challenges and gaps faced by institutions working to implement mechanisms for cooperation include disparities in definition of terminologies, financial and logistical constraints, underutilization of online reporting systems, inadequate partner collaborations, a gap in the development of operational guidelines and the drafting of training manuals, operational challenges, and high staff turnover. Despite these challenges, we conclude that there has been significant improvement in coordination activities in Ghana among the various institutional actors, led by the Human Trafficking Secretariat. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that it allows for a critical mapping and appreciation of the challenges that developing countries face in tackling TIP, which then gives meaning to global northern-prescribed international ranking systems (the tier system), which are otherwise meaningless within the global southern context.

Resúmen La pandemia COVID-19 ha redefinido severamente los sistemas de sustentación de la vida humana. Particularmente, el sistema educativo ha enfrentado la virtualización forzada de sus procesos, alarmantes problemáticas de salud mental infanto-juvenil y dificultades para proveer servicios de apoyo psicosocial. Los impactos de esta crisis han sido significativos en Latinoamérica y, especialmente, en Ecuador, pues es uno de los países con mayores problemáticas a nivel sanitario, social y educativo. En este marco, el propósito del artículo es comprender el papel de psicólogas/os escolares en los procesos de recontextualización de políticas educativas emergentes para afrontar la crisis pandémica en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano. Desde una metodología cualitativa con enfoque discursivo se reporta evidencia sobre cómo se han interpretado desafíos de gestión educativa en crisis y cómo se han traducido en prácticas en contextos específicos. Se entrevistó a 7 psicólogas/os que se desempeñaban en Departamentos de Consejería Estudiantil, dispositivo que brinda apoyo psicológico y social en escuelas ecuatorianas. Los datos se analizaron mediante las estrategias discursivas propuestas por Norman Fairclough. Los hallazgos sugieren la configuración de subjetividades heroicas, las cuales constituyen una posición que renuncia a pensar colectiva y colaborativamente las problemáticas enfrentadas. Los discursos de las psicólogas/os sugieren una construcción monstruosa del mundo socioeducativo, donde deben afrontar tareas titánicas. Además, el malestar emerge como elemento articulatorio de las relaciones con otros actores, especialmente con instancias centrales que impulsan nuevas formas de gestión escolar, pero también con familias y estudiantes, quienes son construidos deficitariamente. No obstante, las psicólogas/os construyen estrategias para vincular con los estudiantes, mientras evidencian todas sus acciones ante las instancias de control y las contragolpean cuando es posible. Estos hallazgos se discuten respecto de cómo ampliar perspectivas sobre salud mental escolar y sobre cómo la investigación cualitativa posibilita crear nuevas zonas de sentido en políticas educativas.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has severely redefined human life support systems. In particular, the education system has faced the forced virtualization of its processes, alarming child and adolescent mental health problems, and difficulties in supplying psychosocial support services. The impacts of this crisis have been significant in Latin America and, above all, in Ecuador, as it is one of the countries with the greatest health, social, and educational problems. Within this framework, this article aims to understand school psychologists' role in policy enactment of emerging educational policies to face the pandemic crisis in the Ecuadorian educational system. From a qualitative methodology with a discursive approach, empirical evidence is reported on interpreting the challenges of educational management in crisis and translating them into practices in specific contexts. Interviews were conducted with 7 psychologists who have been working in the Student Counselling Department, a professional staff that offers psychological and social support in Ecuadorian schools. The data has been analyzed through the discursive strategies proposed by Norman Fairclough. The findings suggest the configuration of heroic subjectivities, a professional position that renounces thinking collectively and collaboratively about the problems faced. The psychologists’ discourses suggest a monstrous construction of the educational world, where they must face titanic tasks. Likewise, discomfort emerges as an articulating element of the relationships with other actors, especially with central policy actors that promote new forms of school management, but also with families and students, which are built in deficit. However, psychologists deploy strategies to create bonds with the students, while evidencing all their actions to the control instances and counterattacking them when possible. These findings are discussed with respect to how to expand perspectives on school mental health and how qualitative research can create new meaning zones in educational policy.

This article revisits the movie Mulan (Disney, 1998), by comparing the translation of the song I’ll make a man out of you in German (Sei ein Mann), French (Comme um homme), and Portuguese (Homem ser). Such comparison makes it possible to think about meaning equivalences. The translations converged around the convention of masculinity and the social construction of what it meant to be a man, supported by signs that refer to nature. This paper compares the ways in which versions of the song translated a warlike Chinese ideal of masculinity that made pedagogy of an American ideal of masculinity and success. The context is ideal for gender pedagogy because, in the Confucian Chinese culture, bringing honor to the family was achieved only through impeccable performance of the gender roles. The methodology used in the analysis mixes affective triggers of discourse, queer linguistics, and activist criticism. Among the findings is the presence of bellicose signs and nature in the construction of an idealized masculinity. Also notable is the narrative maintenance of a gendered destiny despite the constitutive flaws of the course. Ultimately, this politically engaged analysis (BAKER, 2013; BALDO, 2020) envisions denouncing the silencing of queer understandings of success as well as the inconsistencies constitutive of gender systems and their cultural translatability that are Disney’s institutional project.

Este artigo revisita a tradução da música I’ll make a man out of you em alemão (Sei ein Mann), francês (Comme um homme) e português (Homem ser), do filme Mulan (Disney, 1998) para pensar equivalências de sentido. Tais equivalências convergem em torno da convenção da masculinidade e da construção social do que significa ser homem e são sustentadas por signos que remetem à natureza. Este artigo compara as formas como as versões da música traduziram um ideal de masculinidade chinês bélico que fazia pedagogia de um ideal americano de masculinidade e de sucesso. O contexto é ideal para a pedagogia de gênero, pois assume-se que na cultura chinesa de Confúcio se conseguia trazer honra à família apenas através do desempenho impecável do papel de gênero. A metodologia para análise mistura gatilhos afetivos do discurso, linguística queer e crítica ativista. Entre as conclusões ressalta-se a presença dos signos bélicos e da natureza na construção de ideais masculinos. Também é notável a manutenção narrativa de um destino de gênero apesar das falhas constitutivas do percurso. Em última instância, esta análise, politicamente engajada (BAKER, 2013; BALDO, 2020) prevê denunciar o silenciamento de versões queer de sucesso e de incoerências constitutivas dos sistemas de gênero e sua tradutibilidade cultural, como projeto institucional da Disney.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar un análisis comparativo de las características de la carrera docente en los sistemas universitarios públicos de Ecuador y Argentina; investigación cuyo enfoque es predominantemente cualitativo, al enmarcarse en la disciplina de la legislación educativa, y metodológicamente asume el método comparativo tomando como base de estudio las regulaciones políticas y normativas. Este propósito se materializa: en primer lugar, con una mirada al significado de la profesión docente (en general y específicamente, en ambos países) y en segundo, a través de un planteamiento de características que intervienen en la organización, la estructura, el marco legal, reglamentos y procesos del sistema universitario; que permiten analizar descriptivamente sobre el acceso a la carrera, la tipología, la promoción y remuneraciones del profesorado. Finalmente, se destacan las diferencias y semejanzas que ambos sistemas poseen entre sí, donde son mayoritarias las coincidencias que facilitan la construcción reflexiva conducente a mejorar los sistemas de carrera del personal académico, con una sinergia de la sostenibilidad financiera y la garantía de los derechos laborales, en procura de la calidad educativa.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the teaching career in the public university systems of Ecuador and Argentina; the research approach is predominantly qualitative, as it is framed within the discipline of educational legislation, and methodologically assumes the comparative method, taking political and normative regulations as a basis for study. This objective is materialized: firstly, with a look at the meaning of the teaching profession (in general and in both countries) and secondly, through an approach of characteristics that intervene in the organization, structure, legal framework, regulations, and processes of the university system; allowing a descriptive analysis of the access to the career, typology, promotion, and remuneration of the teaching staff. Finally, the differences and similarities that both systems have with one another are highlighted, where the majority of coincidences facilitate the reflective construction leading to the improvement of the academic staff career systems, with a synergy of financial sustainability and the guarantee of labor rights, in pursuit of educational quality.

Resilience-promoting interventions, such as the Read-me-to-Resilience intervention strategy, that consists of culturally relevant indigenous stories has been shown to encourage resilience in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) orphans. In this study, educator participants reflected on the protective systems that the Read-me-to-Resilience stories might offer for at-risk learners within their school context. Resilience protective systems include self-regulation, attachment relationships, agency and mastery motivation systems, cultural traditions and religion, cognitive competence and meaning making. The exploration of the Read-me-to-Resilience intervention as a protective strategy was rooted in the social-ecological perspective of resilience, which focuses on positive adjustment to adversity through resilience protective systems. Fifteen South African educators were requested to implement the Read-me-to-Resilience intervention strategy within their school context. Participation in the study was voluntary. An explorative qualitative research approach was used. Three unstructured focus-group interviews were conducted, and research diaries were kept by the participants. The educator participants reported that the indigenous African stories had promoted problem-solving and leadership skills, personal positive strengths and attachment relationships and had stimulated renewed appreciation for resources within the traditional African culture. Relevant literature on protective systems for resilience development supports my research findings. It is proposed that culturally relevant stories, as an inexpensive strategy, should be utilised within the school community to promote adaptive and preventive protective systems for at-risk learners.

Resumo No marco do Desenho Gráfico as expressões documentadas dos diferentes períodos, são parte da história do homem, e apesar que os primeiros vestigios gráficos e de escritura não seguirão um padrão normativo, as criações se deram de um processo lento -com adversidades-, porém finalmente efetivo para a evolução. O desenho gráfico e a tipografia nao ficam de lado nas transformaçõese. Essa escrita aborda o desenho gráfico e a tipografia com perspectiva da comunicacao visual, o cruzamento com a ética no desempenho profissional, apartir das implicações pragmáticas, semânticas e sintáticas de alguns casos de desenho que se apresentam, a análises e confrontação com lo que pudesse ser correto ou incorreto no significado de um desenho. Para tal cruzamento, o ponto de partida se sustenta nos fundamentos do desenho e nas normas tipográficas, estruturas planejadas como sistemas reguladores da ordem, na confrontação com a colocação em cena de suportes gráficos não convencionais, onde ficam vulneráveis os principios acadêmicos do desenho e se quebram as normas tipográficas. No final do documento faremos uma reflexao sobre as manifestações atuais do desenho gráfico e a postura ética do desenhador, tanto de conservadores como de liberáis; se na atualidade realmente “vale tudo”, aspectos que poderão analizar-se e dos que se poderão tirar conclusões apartir do exposto.

Abstract In the framework of Graphic Design, the documented expressions of the different periods are part of the history of man, and although the first graphic and writing traces did not follow a normative pattern, the creations were given in a slow process -with adversities-, but finally effective for the evolution. Inevitable confrontations of thought revolutionized each epoch, signifying small and great achievements for humanity. Graphic design and typography are not left out of the transformations. The foundations of design, typographic standards and methodology were factors that systematized the processes. This paper deals with graphic design and typography with a visual communication perspective, the crossover with ethics in professional performance, from the pragmatic, semantic and syntactic implications of some design cases that presented, the analysis and confrontation with what could be right or wrong in the meaning of a design. The starting point for this crossing is based on the fundamentals of design and typographic norms, structures proposed as regulatory systems or order, in confrontation with the staging of non-conventional graphic supports, where the academic principles of design are violated and typographic norms are broken. At the end of the document, a reflection will be made on the current manifestations of graphic design and the ethical position of designers, both conservative and liberal; if a present “anything goes” aspects that can be analyzed and from which conclusions can be drawn from the above.

Resumen En el marco del Diseño Gráfico las expresiones documentadas de los diferentes períodos, son parte de la historia del hombre, y aunque los primeros vestigios gráficos y de escritura no siguieron un patrón normativo, las creaciones se dieron en un proceso lento -con adversidades-, pero finalmente efectivo para la evolución. El diseño gráfico y la tipografía no quedan al margen de las trasformaciones; los fundamentos del diseño, las normas tipográficas y la metodología fueron factores que sistematizaron los procesos. Pareciera una lucha entre creadores conservadores, ortodoxos del diseño versus liberales posmodernos que desafían a la academia y toda manifestación de diseño regulada por las normas. Este escrito aborda al diseño gráfico y la tipografía con perspectiva de comunicación visual, el cruce con la ética en el desempeño profesional, a partir de las implicaciones pragmáticas, semánticas y sintácticas de algunos casos de diseño que se presentan, el análisis y confrontación con lo que pudiera ser correcto o incorrecto en la significación de un diseño. Para tal cruce, el punto de partida se sustenta en los fundamentos del diseño y las normas tipográficas, estructuras planteadas como sistemas reguladoras de orden, en confrontación con la puesta en escena de soportes gráficos no convencionales, donde se vulneran los principios académicos del diseño y se quebrantan las normas tipográficas. Para el final del documento se reflexionará sobre las manifestaciones actuales del diseño gráfico y la postura ética del diseñador, tanto conservadores como de liberales; si en la actualidad realmente ‘todo vale’, aspectos que se podrán analizar y de las que se podrán sacar conclusiones a partir de lo expuesto.

Abstract Computational systems, by being procedural and interactive, encompass new radical possibilities and augment and extend the way we tell stories. The Interactive Digital Narratives that are created with them are ontological machines that can be formally understood in terms of processes and representations that expose and mask selections of potential action and movement. These qualities change how they construct and establish meaning for readers. This paper will explore meaning-making in Interactive Digital Narratives through an interdisciplinary approach that combines the cognitive theory of enaction with the analysis of the narrative structure in Florence and Her Story. By identifying the different forms that the narrative can take based on the readers’ choices, we seek to comprehend how readers and systems become structurally coupled. We research how the emergent and continuous interactions developed during the reading of an Interactive Digital Narrative are closely intertwined with the readers’ sensory-motor experiences. We shape narratives through how we perceive them, which is essential for sense-making and how we attend to the medium’s specificity.