Resumo Este artigo oferece uma alternativa de recorte metodológico para o campo da Smart city, partindo de uma revisão bibliográfica temporal e análise empírica da Smart city Konza Technopolis (Quênia), da smartificação de São Paulo (SP/Brasil), e da Smart city Laguna (CE/Brasil). As experiências Smart city desenvolvem-se desde o final de 1990, detendo maior expressividade no espaço urbano a partir dos anos 2010, concomitantemente ao aumento das pesquisas a seu respeito. Atualmente, a temática apresenta elevado nível de discussão e amadurecimento e, dada sua amplitude, torna-se necessário o direcionamento analítico, devido às particularidades relativas às três categorias aqui apresentadas: (1) as Smart cities desenvolvidas a partir do zero; (2) as iniciativas voltadas às cidades consolidadas; e (3) os empreendimentos imobiliários. Quênia, Quênia , (Quênia) SP/Brasil, SPBrasil SP/Brasil SP Brasil (SP/Brasil) CE/Brasil. CEBrasil CE/Brasil . CE (CE/Brasil) desenvolvemse desenvolvem se 1990 2010 respeito Atualmente amplitude tornase torna analítico apresentadas 1 (1 zero 2 (2 consolidadas 3 (3 imobiliários (Quênia (SP/Brasil (CE/Brasil 199 201 ( 19 20

Abstract This article offers an alternative methodological framework for the smart city field, starting from a chronological literature review and empirical analysis of the smart city Konza Technopolis (Kenya), the smartification of São Paulo (State of São Paulo, Brazil), and the Smart City Laguna (State of Ceará, Brazil). Smart city experiences have been developed since the late 1990s, with greater expressiveness in the urban space from the 2010s onwards, concomitantly with an increase in the number of studies about the theme. Currently, the theme demonstrates a high level of discussion and maturity. Given its breadth, an analytical focus is necessary to address the particularities related to the three categories presented here: (1) smart cities developed from scratch; (2) initiatives aimed at consolidated cities; and (3) real estate developments. field Kenya, Kenya , (Kenya) State Brazil, Brazil Brazil) Ceará Brazil. . 1990s s onwards Currently maturity breadth here 1 (1 scratch 2 (2 3 (3 developments (Kenya (

ABSTRACT Peruvian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has great acceptance and demand in the national and international textile market due to the excellent quality of its extra-long fiber, durability and resistance. To evaluate cotton cultivar performance, we need to use tools such as drones + sensors. However, these tools have not been widely used in the Peruvian agricultural area. Here we evaluated seven agro-morphological characters of 21 accessions of Del Cerro cotton cultivar from the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation of Peru with high-throughput phenotyping methods. We employed a Matrice 300 RTK unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with the MicaSense Dual Red Edge Blue multispectral sensor to assess plant height, yield, and spectral signature during physiological maturity stage; other morphological characters were manually scored. Multispectral monitoring revealed the phytosanitary status of the crop, which begins to enter senescence after 130 d after sowing (DAS) due to the decrease of the vegetation indices (VI). Pearson correlations between yield and VI showed favorable values, exceeding 0.60 at 94 DAS for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), relative vigor index (RVI), and normalized difference red edge index (NDRE). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the same date, a significant correlation was found between NDVI and yield. Additionally, yield prediction equations were generated with the normalized difference water index (NDWI) showing an R value of 0.74 at 130 DAS. The findings of this study suggest that remote sensing evaluation is suitable for estimating ‘Del Cerro’ cotton yield in infrared (IR) bands, providing a tool for germplasm evaluation that can influence decision-making and better conservation strategies.

RESUMEN Este estudio examina cómo cambian las emociones de futuros maestros hacia los contenidos científicos (seres vivos y ecosistemas) al participar en una intervención indagatoria en la construcción de hoteles en un Parque Natural de España. La muestra incluyó alumnos del Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Huelva matriculados en una asignatura de didáctica de las ciencias. Se utilizó un cuestionario tipo Likert para medir la intensidad de catorce emociones en tres momentos: antes, durante y después de la intervención. También se realizaron entrevistas, observaciones y narrativas para identificar las causas del cambio. Los resultados indicaron un aumento significativo en emociones positivas, especialmente la satisfacción, y una disminución en emociones negativas, como el aburrimiento. Este cambio se atribuye a la naturaleza biológica de los temas y su integración en el Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido. Se recomienda incorporar la educación emocional en la formación inicial de maestros para promover la autorregulación y el aprendizaje emocional.

RESUMO Este estudo examina como mudam as emoções de futuros professores em relação aos conteúdos científicos (seres vivos e ecossistemas) ao participar de uma intervenção investigativa na construção de hotéis em um Parque Natural da Espanha. A amostra incluiu alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Primária da Universidade de Huelva, inscritos em uma disciplina de didática das ciências. Utilizou-se um questionário tipo Likert para medir a intensidade de quatorze emoções em três momentos: antes, durante e depois da intervenção. Também foram realizadas entrevistas, observações e narrativas para identificar as causas da mudança. Os resultados indicaram um aumento significativo nas emoções positivas, especialmente a satisfação, e uma diminuição nas emoções negativas, como o tédio. Essa mudança é atribuída à natureza biológica dos temas e sua integração no Conhecimento Didático do Conteúdo. Recomenda-se incorporar a educação emocional na formação inicial de professores para promover a autorregulação e a aprendizagem emocional.

ABSTRACT This study examines how the emotions of future teachers towards scientific content (living beings and ecosystems) change when participating in an inquiry-based intervention focused on building hotels in a Natural Park in Spain. The sample included students from the Primary Education Teaching Degree at the University of Huelva, participating in a science didactics course. A Likert-type questionnaire was used to measure the intensity of fourteen emotions at three moments: before, during, and after the intervention. Additionally, interviews, observations, and narratives were conducted to identify the causes that justify the change. The results show that positive emotions recorded the highest intensities at all three moments. There was an increase in all positive emotions, with satisfaction being particularly significant. All negative emotions decreased, especially boredom. Moreover, the change is attributed to the biological nature of the topics and their integration into Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Initial training should incorporate emotional education into a professional knowledge model that includes self-regulation strategies to facilitate emotional maturity and learning.

Abstract The broiler industry supplies quality protein, which is in constant development. It seeks productive strategies that improve production, health, growth, and survival and reduce the poultry industry's diseases, stress, and long-term environmental impact. Broiler chickens are exposed to numerous microorganisms that alter production, and this is an opportunity for yeasts to promote the growth of organisms, stimulate the immune system, improve health, promote changes in intestinal structure, and inhibit pathogens. This review summarizes the current knowledge and effect of active yeast species on raising chickens, nutrition, immunity, digestibility, changes in intestinal structure, and pathogens on those organisms. Due to their nutritional value, active yeasts are used as natural and alternative ingredients in broiler chickens. They are a source of b-glucans, chitin, nucleic acids, mannan-oligosaccharides, b-carotene, and vitamins. Enzymes they produce improve intestinal maturity and digestion. The immune and antioxidant properties of yeasts play an essential role as probiotics and immunostimulants to enhance the resistance of broilers against common viral and bacterial diseases. Bioactive products generated by active yeasts can improve intestinal microbiota and positively alter the immune response, phagocytosis, encapsulation, etc. Different active yeast species and strains have been used and have generated exciting results. They are popular as beneficial candidates for nutrition by maintaining broiler chickens’ health's and well-being conditions. Future studies must understand the functioning and effect of species and strains on broiler chickens in their different processes, the use of new research tools (proteomics, radioisotopes, real-time molecular biology, etc.) can facilitate these studies.

ABSTRACT Delays in soybean harvesting can limit seed viability and vigor. In this study, soybean cultivar seeds’ physiological and sanitary quality was evaluated in response to harvest delay. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks, arranged in a split-plot scheme, with three replicates. The plots were represented by the cultivation of two soybean cultivars (BMX Bônus IPRO and BMX Olimpo IPRO), while the subplots were represented by three harvest times [0, 7, 14 days after the seed’s full maturity (stage R8)]. The following characteristics of the physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds were measured: water content, plant emergence, total dry matter, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and seed health. The delay in the soybean harvest affects the seeds’ physiological and sanitary quality. Seeds harvested seven days after full maturity have a higher incidence of Aspergillus flavus and Macrophomina sp. In comparison, seeds harvested 14 days after full maturity have a higher incidence of Phomopsis sp. and Fusarium sp.

Abstract This text presents results of bibliographic research, with a qualitative bias. Gramsci’s writings from his youth and maturity in prison were analyzed, as well as those of commentators, with a view to understanding how the management of the unitary school by the Sardinian communist was conceived. Considering that the management of the unitary school was not defined by Gramsci, we sought to infer this from what he produced textually and in his activism with the factory councils and political parties. It is concluded that the purpose of managing the unitary school is democratic, because it is defined by trying to collaborate with overcoming the historical division between those who are leaders and those who are directed by them, between those who govern and those who are governed by them, which is typical of class society, in a process that includes experiment on the “school floor”..

Resumo Este texto apresenta resultados de investigação de tipo bibliográfica, com viés qualitativo. Foram analisados escritos de Gramsci da juventude e da maturidade carcerária, bem como de comentadores, com vistas a entender como foi concebida a gestão da escola unitária pelo comunista sardo. Considerando que a gestão da referida escola não foi definida por Gramsci, procurou-se inferir isso do que ele produziu textualmente e na militância nos conselhos de fábrica e nos partidos políticos. Conclui-se que é democrática a finalidade da gestão da escola unitária, porque se define por tentar colaborar com a superação da histórica divisão dirigidos e dirigentes, governantes e governados, que é própria da sociedade de classes, em um processo que inclui o experimento no “chão da escola”.

Resumen Este texto presenta resultados de investigación bibliográfica, con un sesgo cualitativo. Se analizaron los escritos de Gramsci desde su juventud y madurez en prisión, así como los de comentaristas, con el fin de comprender cómo se concibió la gestión de la escuela unitaria por parte del comunista sardo. Considerando que la gestión de la escuela unitaria no fue definida por Gramsci, buscamos inferirlo de lo que él produjo textualmente y en su activismo con los consejos de fábrica y los partidos políticos. Se concluye que el propósito de la gestión de la escuela unitaria es democrático, porque se define en intentar colaborar con la superación de la división histórica entre quienes son líderes y quienes son dirigidos por ellos, entre quienes gobiernan y quienes son gobernados por ellos, lo cual es típico de la sociedad de clases, en un proceso que incluye experimentos en el “piso de la escuela”.

ABSTRACT The search for more sustainable systems of rice cultivation, especially in relation to water use, has included the evaluation of more-efficient irrigation systems in addition to alternative water sources. The aim of this study was to conduct a phytosociological survey of weeds in rice crops irrigated by subsurface drip with different concentrations of treated dairy effluent, maintaining the soil moisture at saturation or field capacity. A pilot scale experiment was carried out in a protected environment using a randomised block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The IAC 301 cultivar (Arborio rice) was chosen. The phytosociological surveys were carried out on four different dates, and considered the composition as well as the distribution of plant species in each of the applied treatments, using the importance value index (IVI) to evaluate the influence of each treatment. The results showed that cultivating irrigated rice, giving priority to water management, altered the ecology of invasive plants. Fourteen weed species were identified, distributed over 10 families. The effluent dose did not alter the incidence of invasive plants, and only at the final evaluation was there a reduction in the IVI value at effluent concentrations of 50% and 75%. For soil moisture, the highest IVI values occurred on the first two days of the survey under saturated conditions; this result was reversed closer to plant maturity, when the IVI values were higher at field capacity. cultivation use moreefficient efficient sources capacity scheme replications 30 Arborio chosen dates treatments (IVI treatment management plants identified 1 families 50 75 75% conditions maturity 3 7

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma estratégia de seleção e obter progênies de aveia branca precoces, homogêneas para o florescimento e com acréscimos a massa de grãos da panícula, conciliados aos estímulos ambientais controlados pela temperatura do ar. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Augusto Pestana, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O delineamento experimental de blocos aumentados com testemunha intercalar, os tratamentos regulares correspondem a 238 progênies de aveia branca e o tratamento comum foi representado pela testemunha comercial (URS Taura) disposta em três repetições. A seleção para peso de grãos por panícula, porcentagem de plantas floridas, dias para maturidade fisiológica e acúmulo de graus-dia devem-se a uma alta contribuição genética, o que indica uma seleção promissora para esses caracteres já nas gerações iniciais de melhoramento. O acúmulo de graus dias para a maturidade fisiológica define que 41,94% das progênies são selecionadas como precoces. O índice de distância genótipo ideótipo (MGIDI) selecionou 20% das progênies da aveia branca com maior uniformidade do florescimento, menor acúmulo de graus dias e alto potencial de massa de grãos por panícula. RESUMO precoces panícula ar Pestana Sul Brasil intercalar 23 URS Taura repetições floridas grausdia dia devemse devem se genética melhoramento 4194 41 94 41,94 MGIDI (MGIDI 20 2 419 4 9 41,9 41,

ABSTRACT: The development of a selection strategy and to obtain a precocious white oat progenies, homogeneous for flowering and with additions to panicle grain mass, reconciled to environmental stimuli controlled by air temperature. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Augusto Pestana, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was in augmented blocks with intermediate control, the regular treatments corresponded to 238 white oat progenies and the common treatment was represented by the commercial control (URS Taura) arranged in three replications. The selection for grains weight per panicle, percentage of flowered plants, days to physiological maturity and accumulation of degrees day are due to a high genetic contribution, which indicated promising selection for these characters already in initial breeding generations. The accumulation of degrees days for physiological maturity defines that 41.94% of the progenies are selected as precocious. The genotype ideotype distance index (MGIDI) selected 20% of the white oat progenies with greater flowering uniformity, less accumulation of degrees days and high potential for grain mass per panicle. ABSTRACT temperature Pestana Sul Brazil 23 URS Taura replications plants contribution generations 4194 41 94 41.94 MGIDI (MGIDI 20 uniformity 2 419 4 9 41.9 41.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar o índice de rendimento, o índice de rendimento de campo, a uniformidade e o ciclo de maturação de quinze genótipos de Coffea canephora cultivados em diferentes ambientes da Amazônia Ocidental. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Amazonas, em Itacoatiara e Manaus, e em Rondônia, em Porto Velho, Brasil. A interação entre genótipos x ambientes foi significativa, indicando que os clones apresentaram desempenho diferenciado entre os ambientes. A superioridade dos coeficientes genotípicos sobre aqueles de natureza ambiental sugere predominância dos efeitos genéticos na expressão dos índices de rendimento e da uniformidade de maturação. O índice de rendimento médio foi de 24,68% e o rendimento de campo de 22,57%, sendo o ambiente Itacoatiara com as maiores médias. A uniformidade de maturação de frutos teve uma média geral de 63,02%, com Porto Velho apresentando a maior uniformidade média (71,78%). A cultivar BRS1216 apresentou o melhor desempenho para os índices de rendimento e proporcionou maior ganho de seleção na média dos ambientes, apresentando adaptabilidade ampla para o índice de rendimento usual e adaptabilidade para ambientes favoráveis ao rendimento de campo. BRS3210 e BRS3220 se destacaram com mais 82% de uniformidade de maturação na média das localidades, porém a primeira com adaptabilidade para ambientes favoráveis e a segunda para ambiente desfavorável. BRS3220 também se destacou pela superioridade média para o rendimento de campo, exibindo ampla adaptabilidade e alta estabilidade fenotípica. Os clones avaliados apresentaram ciclos de maturação conforme o esperado. Ocidental Amazonas Manaus Rondônia Brasil significativa 2468 24 68 24,68 2257 22 57 22,57% médias 6302 63 02 63,02% 71,78%. 7178 71,78% . 71 78 (71,78%) BRS BRS121 BRS321 BRS322 82 localidades desfavorável fenotípica esperado 246 2 6 24,6 225 5 22,57 630 0 63,02 717 71,78 7 (71,78% BRS12 BRS32 8 24, 22,5 63,0 71,7 (71,78 BRS1 BRS3 22, 63, 71, (71,7 (71, (71 (7 (

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the outturn index, field outturn index, uniformity of maturity, and maturation cycle of fifteen Coffea canephora genotypes grown in different environments of the Western Amazon. Conducted in Amazonas (Itacoatiara and Manaus) and Rondônia (Porto Velho), the research evaluated the performance of ten cultivars and five promising genotypes from Embrapa. The genotype × environment interaction was significant, indicating different performance of clones across environments. Genotypic coefficients surpassed environmental ones, indicating a genetic influence on outturn indices and uniformity of maturity. The mean outturn index was 24.68%, and the field outturn index was 22.57%, with Itacoatiara having the highest mean values. The overall mean fruit uniformity of maturity was 63.02%, with Porto Velho achieving the highest mean uniformity value (71.78%). The cultivar BRS1216 exhibited the best performance for outturn indices and provided the highest gain from selection across environments, showing wide adaptability for the outturn index and adaptability to environments favorable for field outturn. Cultivars BRS3210 and BRS3220 achieved more than 82% uniformity of maturity across locations, with BRS3210 adapting to favorable environments and BRS3220 adapting to unfavorable ones. Additionally, BRS3220 had a high mean field outturn index, indicating wide adaptability and high phenotypic stability. The evaluated Amazon Robusta clones and cultivars displayed the expected maturation cycles. Manaus Velho, , Velho) Embrapa significant ones 2468 24 68 24.68% 2257 22 57 22.57% values 6302 63 02 63.02% 71.78%. 7178 71.78% . 71 78 (71.78%) BRS BRS121 BRS321 BRS322 82 locations Additionally stability cycles 246 2 6 24.68 225 5 22.57 630 0 63.02 717 71.78 7 (71.78% BRS12 BRS32 8 24.6 22.5 63.0 71.7 (71.78 BRS1 BRS3 24. 22. 63. 71. (71.7 (71. (71 (7 (

RESUMO Objetivou-se estudar a fenologia reprodutiva e o requerimento térmico de duas espécies de pitaia nas condições climáticas do extremo Norte da Amazônia. O experimento foi realizado no município de Boa Vista, Roraima durante dois ciclos produtivos (2020/2021 e 2021/2022). Utilizou-se duas espécies de pitaia, a Selenicereus costaricensis, com frutos de casca vermelha e polpa roxa e formato cilíndrico e a Hylocereus polyrhizus, com frutos de casca e polpa vermelha e formato alongado. Selecionou-se 10 plantas de cada espécie, dividindo-as em quatro quadrantes, sendo selecionado 10 cladódios por quadrante e 2 gemas floral por cladódio, totalizando 800 flores por espécie, as quais foram acompanhadas da intumescência da gema até a colheita dos frutos. Avaliou-se os períodos fenológicos da poda até a colheita dos frutos, baseando-se na descrição dos estádios fenológicos da escala Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry (BBCH). As condições climáticas influenciaram as espécies entre os anos, principalmente devido as variações de temperatura do ar no momento da que antecede as fenofases. As variações entre os anos ocasionaram um aumento no ciclo produtivo de 20 dias para S. costaricensis e 34 dias para H. polyrhizus entre o primeiro (2020/2021) e segundo (2021/2022) ano produtivo. As propriedades organolépticas das espécies apresentaram excelentes resultados, como sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e relações sólidos solúveis/ acidez titulável, inerente as espécies. A maturidade fisiológica completa de frutos de H. costaricensis e H. polyrhizus ocorre aos 31 e 38 dias após a antese (DAA), quando os frutos apresentam coloração vermelho intenso da casca e da polpa. Objetivouse Objetivou se Amazônia Vista 2020/2021 20202021 2020 2021 (2020/202 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2022 2021/2022) Utilizouse Utilizou alongado Selecionouse Selecionou 1 espécie dividindoas dividindo quadrantes cladódio 80 Avaliouse Avaliou baseandose baseando BBCH. BBCH (BBCH) fenofases S 3 H (2021/2022 resultados solúveis DAA, DAA , (DAA) 2020/202 2020202 202 (2020/20 2021202 2021/202 8 (BBCH (2021/202 (DAA 2020/20 202020 (2020/2 202120 2021/20 (2021/20 2020/2 20202 (2020/ 20212 2021/2 (2021/2 2020/ (2020 2021/ (2021/ (202 (2021 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the reproductive phenology and thermal requirements of two dragon fruit species grown under the climate conditions of northern Amazon. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, during two production cycles (2020-2021 and 20212022). Two dragon fruit species were used: Hylocereus costaricensis, which produces cylindrical fruits with a red skin and purple pulp; and Hylocereus polyrhizus, which produces elongated fruits with red skin and pulp. Ten plants of each species were selected and divided into four quadrants; ten cladodes were selected per quadrant and two flower buds were selected per cladode, totaling 800 flowers for each species. The plants were monitored from the beginning of flower bud intumescence until fruit harvest. Phenological periods were evaluated from production pruning to fruit harvest, based on the phenological stage descriptions of the Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry (BBCH) scale. Climate conditions affected the species over the years, mainly due to variations in air temperature preceding phenophases. Variations between years increased the production cycle in 20 days for H. costaricensis and 34 days for H. polyrhizus from the first (2020-2021) to the second (2021-2022) production year. Organoleptic properties of species showed excellent results, including soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS to TA ratio. Complete physiological maturity of H. costaricensis and H. polyrhizus fruits occurred at 31 and 38 days after anthesis, respectively, when the fruits presented an intense red skin and pulp. Amazon Vista Roraima Brazil 20202021 2020 2021 (2020-202 20212022. 20212022 . 20212022) used pulp quadrants cladode 80 harvest BBCH (BBCH scale phenophases 2 H 3 2022 (2021-2022 year results SS, , (SS) TA, (TA) ratio anthesis respectively 2020202 202 (2020-20 2021202 8 (2021-202 (SS (TA 202020 (2020-2 202120 (2021-20 20202 (2020- 20212 (2021-2 (2020 (2021- (202 (2021 (20 (2 (

Resumen Introducción: Semaprochilodus laticeps es una especie de pez de agua dulce originaria de la cuenca del Orinoco, explotada en Colombia en dos etapas distintas de su ciclo de vida: alevín (para el comercio ornamental) y adulto (para el mercado de consumo). Esta doble explotación de alevines y adultos genera preocupación sobre la estabilidad poblacional de la especie. Objetivo: Evaluar la sostenibilidad de la explotación de la especie en estas dos etapas de vida. Método: Entre junio y diciembre de 2017 se muestrearon 1 277 ejemplares de S. laticeps. Los parámetros poblacionales se estimaron utilizando datos de frecuencia de tallas con la rutina ELEFAN 1 del paquete FISAT II. La longitud de primera madurez (Lm) y la de máximo rendimiento (Lopt) se determinaron mediante ecuaciones de Froese y Binohlan. El análisis de la población virtual se realizó basándose en el análisis de cohorte de longitud de Jones. Resultados: Los parámetros poblacionales fueron los siguientes: K = 0.75, L∞ = 53.1 cm LE, Z = 2.92 año-1, M = 1.24 año-1 y F = 1.68. Lm se estimó en 29.6 cm SL y Lopt en 33.4 cm SL. En particular, el 96.3 % del pescado capturado en la pesquería de consumo superó Lm y el 80 % superó Lopt. El análisis de la población virtual sugirió que una fracción muy baja (0.85 %) de la población fue capturada como alevines, posiblemente atribuible a la mortalidad natural. Conclusiones: Con base en los hallazgos, al no identificarse indicadores de sobreexplotación, se recomienda continuar con el doble uso de S. laticeps. Se recomienda mantener las medidas de protección existentes, así como una veda durante el período reproductivo, para garantizar una explotación pesquera sostenible. Los resultados obtenidos pueden servir como referencia para analizar la situación de otras especies actualmente capturadas para el mercado tanto ornamental como de consumo.

Abstract Introduction: Semaprochilodus laticeps is a freshwater fish species native to the Orinoco Basin that is exploited in Colombia at two different stages of its life cycle: fry (for the ornamental trade) and adults (for the consumer market). This double exploitation of juveniles and adults raises concerns about the population stability of the species. Objective: To evaluate the sustainability of the exploitation of the species in these two life stages. Methods: 1 277 specimens of S. laticeps were sampled between June and December 2017. Population parameters were estimated from length-frequency data using ELEFAN 1 routine of the FISAT II package. Length at first maturity (Lm) and length at maximum yield (Lopt) were determined using the Froese and Binohlan equations. Virtual population analysis was performed based on Jones length cohort analysis. Results: Population parameters were as follows: K = 0.75, L∞ = 53.1 cm LE, Z = 2.92 yr-1, M = 1.24 yr-1 and F = 1.68. Lm was estimated to be 29.6 cm SL and Lopt at 33.4 cm SL. Of note, 96.3 % of the fish caught in the consumer fishery exceeded Lm and 80 % exceeded Lopt. The results of the virtual population analysis suggested that a very low proportion (0.85 %) of the population was caught as fry, possibly due to natural mortality. Conclusions: Based on the results, as no indicators of overexploitation were identified, it is recommended to continue with the dual use of S. laticeps. It is recommended to maintain the existing conservation measures, such as the closed season during the reproductive period, to ensure sustainable fishery exploitation. The results obtained can serve as a reference to analyze the situation of other species currently fished for both the ornamental (fry) and food (adult) markets.

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto del almidón de mandioca como recubrimiento (biofilm) en la conservación y calidad del fruto de la papaya cv. "Maradol" durante la etapa poscosecha. Se evaluó la reducción de la actividad metabólica, la pérdida de agua y el aumento del período de comercialización. Se empleó un arreglo factorial 4 x 4 en un diseño completamente al azar, con 4 concentraciones (0, 1, 2 y 3% m/v de almidón en 100 mL de agua, gelatinizado a 75ºC durante 30 min) y 4 tiempos de evaluación (4, 8, 12 y 16 días poscosecha). Se evaluaron las propiedades físico-químicas: pérdida de masa fresca, apariencia externa, índice de color de la cáscara, pH, sólidos solubles y acidez titulable. A los 16 días, todos los frutos con recubrimiento presentaron una pérdida de masa fresca de 1,9 a 2,6 veces menor que el control, y un color amarillo en 25 a 50% de la superficie de la cáscara, en comparación con 50 a 75% en los controles. El pH disminuyó conforme aumentó la acidez titulable, y se observaron menores niveles de sólidos solubles que en los frutos control durante todo el período. Los resultados demostraron que el uso de la biopelícula fue efectivo, destacándose la concentración del 3% como alternativa para la conservación, al incrementar el tiempo de vida útil durante los 16 días poscosecha, con estadios de madurez inferiores al control y mejor apariencia externa.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to determine the effect of cassava starch coating (biofilm) on the conservation and quality of papaya fruit cv. "Maradol" during the post-harvest stage. The study evaluated the reduction of metabolic activity, water loss, and the extension of the commercialization period. A 4 x 4 factorial arrangement was used in a completely randomized design, with 4 concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3% w/v of starch in 100 mL of water, gelatinized at 75ºC for 30 min) and 4 evaluation times (4, 8, 12, and 16 days post-harvest). The physicochemical properties evaluated were: fresh mass loss, external appearance, peel color index, pH, soluble solids, and titratable acidity. After 16 days, all coated fruits showed a fresh mass loss 1.9 to 2.6 times lower than the control, and yellow coloration in 25 to 50% of the peel surface, compared to 50 to 75% in control fruits. The pH decreased as titratable acidity increased, and lower levels of soluble solids were observed compared to control fruits throughout the period. The results demonstrated that the cassava starch biofilm was effective, with the 3% concentration standing out as an alternative for conservation, increasing shelf life during the 16-day post-harvest period, showing lower maturity stages than the control and better external appearance.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar áreas de oportunidad en la gestión de compras, sus operaciones y funciones en pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector metalmecánico de la ciudad de Gómez Palacio, Durango, México. Se planteó la hipótesis de que existen prácticas en el área de compras que se gestionan de manera deficiente y que representan áreas de oportunidad para su mejora contribuyendo con ello a mejorar la eficacia y la eficiencia de la cadena de suministro. Para obtener la información necesaria se aplicó un cuestionario diseñado en Google forms a una muestra no probabilística de 13 empresas del ramo metalmecánico de la ciudad de Gómez Palacio, Durango., México. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba no paramétrica para muestras pequeñas Kruskal-Wallis y el estadístico Chi cuadrado. La prueba de maduréz de las prácticas se realizó con el uso del modelo SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de la identificación de debilidades en el proceso, permitieron encontrar áreas de oportunidad en algunas prácticas de compras, asi como también áreas de oportunidad específicas para las 13 empresas estudiadas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify areas of opportunity in purchasing management, its operations, and functions in small and medium-sized companies in the metal-mechanic sector in the city of Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. The hypothesis was raised that there are practices in the purchasing area that are poorly managed and that represent areas of opportunity for improvement, thereby contributing to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the supply chain. To obtain the necessary information, a questionnaire designed in Google forms was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 13 companies in the metal-mechanic industry in the city of Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for small samples and the Chi-square statistic. The maturity test of the practices was carried out using the SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model) model. The results, obtained through the identification of weaknesses in the process, made it possible to find areas of opportunity in some purchasing practices, as well as also specific opportunity areas for the 13 companies studied.

Resumen. Los tambores y roncadores (Sciaenidae) son parte importante de la composición específica de las capturas costeras en el Golfo de California, México. Dentro de este grupo de especies, la curvina rayada (Cynoscion reticulatus) destaca por su alto potencial pesquero, gran demanda y debido a que ha incrementado su valor de mercado. La curvina rayada ha estado bajo constante presión pesquera durante los últimos 20 años. Sin embargo, se necesita contar con información biológica actual o puntos de referencia que permitan establecer medidas de manejo pesquero. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la longitud estándar media de madurez sexual (LE 50 ) utilizando varios modelos para sugerir una talla mínima de captura (TMC) de C. reticulatus en la costa sur de Sinaloa. Para esto, se realizaron muestreos mensuales en las descargas de la flota costera desde diciembre de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021 en la costa sur de Sinaloa. La LE 50 se evaluó con base en 3 modelos candidatos (Gompertz, Lysack y White) a través de un enfoque binomial. Los intervalos de confianza para la LE 50 se estimaron utilizando perfiles y contornos de verosimilitud, y se utilizó el criterio de información de Akaike (CIA) para seleccionar el mejor modelo. Se examinaron un total de 284 individuos, de los cuales 131 se utilizaron en el análisis. El modelo de White fue el más adecuado; sin embargo, con base en los pesos de CIA, los 3 modelos mostraron un rendimiento similar, por lo que la LE50 (24.48 cm; IC 95% 12.9-36.0 cm) se estimó como el promedio de estos. Por último, como medida de manejo, proponemos una TMC bajo un enfoque precautorio de 36 cm LE para C. reticulatus en la costa sur de Sinaloa.

Abstract. Drums and croakers (Sciaenidae) are important to the species composition of coastal catches in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Among these species, the striped corvina (Cynoscion reticulatus) stands out because of its high fishery potential, high demand, and increased market value. The striped croaker has been under constant fishing pressure over the past 20 years. Still, there needs to be current biological information or reference points to allow the establishment of management measures for fisheries. The objective of the present study was to estimate the mean standard length at sexual maturity (SL 50 ) of females using various models and to suggest a minimum catch size (MCS) for C. reticulatus off the southern coast of Sinaloa. Monthly samplings of coastal fishery landings were done from December 2020 to December 2021 on the south coast of Sinaloa. The SL 50 was evaluated based on 3 candidate models (Gompertz, Lysack, and White) through a binomial approach. Confidence intervals for SL 50 were estimated using likelihood profiles and contours, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best model. A total of 284 individuals were examined, of which 131 were used in calculations. White’s model was the most adequate; however, based on AIC weights, all 3 models performed similarly, and SL 50 (24.48 cm; C.I. 95% 12.9-70 36.0 cm) was estimated as their average. As a management measure, we propose a precautionary MCS of 36 cm SL for C. reticulatus off southern Sinaloa.

Resumo Incorporar o BIM na formação de profissionais tornou-se uma demanda e um tema de grande importância para o ensino superior. Existem várias propostas de implementação curricular do BIM. No entanto, na maioria dos casos, são específicos de uma única universidade oudomínio, não contemplam políticas acadêmicas ou simplificam a prática segmentando o conhecimento. Este trabalho propõe um protocolo para a implementação curricular do BIM semelhante aoda indústria, considerando aspectos de processo, tecnologia e políticas alinhados com a missão da instituição de ensino e com as competências existentes. Pesquisa-ação foi o método utilizado. Três ações foram realizadas: (1) proposição, (2) sistematização e (3) aplicação. As ações foram realizadas em ciclos de forma incremental, resultando em (1) diretrizes, (2) ferramentas de apoio e (3) planos de implementação. Duas universidades brasileiras participaram de estudos-piloto do Projeto Construa Brasil. Os estudos-piloto inspiraram uma rede de células BIM que aplicaram as diretrizes curriculares de implementação BIM em larga escala. As diretrizes mostraram-se genéricas e abrangentes, orientando a transformação com base empírica para a tomada de decisão dos acadêmicos. A facilitação de um especialista BIM foi confirmada como fator essencial de sucesso. Observa-se que, mesmo com uma tímida introdução de competências BIM em um escopo limitado de soluções de engenharia, o impacto na maturidade BIM do currículo é significativo. tornouse tornou se superior entanto casos oudomínio conhecimento indústria processo existentes Pesquisaação Pesquisa ação utilizado 1 (1 proposição 2 (2 3 (3 aplicação incremental estudospiloto estudos piloto Brasil escala mostraramse mostraram abrangentes acadêmicos sucesso Observase Observa engenharia significativo (

Abstract Incorporating BIM in the education of professionals has become a demand and a topic of high importance for higher education. Several proposals for a curricular implementation of BIM exist. However, in most cases, they are specific to a single university or domain, do not consider academic policies or simplify practice by segmenting knowledge. This work proposes a protocol for the curricular implementation of BIM similar to the industry, considering aspects of process, technology, and policies aligned with the educational institution's mission and with existing competencies. Action research was the used method. Three actions were conducted: (1) proposition, (2) systematization and (3) application. The actions were executed in cycles incrementally, resulting in (1) guidelines, (2) supporting tools and (3) implementation plans. Two Brazilian universities participated in pilot studies of Project Construa Brasil. The pilot studies inspired a network of BIM cells that have synchronously applied curricular BIM implementation guidelines on a large scale. The guidelines proved to be generic and comprehensive, guiding the transformation with an empirical basis for the academics' decision-making. Leadership of a BIM specialist was confirmed as an essential factor of success. It is observed that even with a timid introduction of BIM competence in a limited scope of engineering solutions, the impact on the BIM maturity curriculum is significant. exist However cases domain knowledge industry process technology institutions institution s competencies method conducted 1 (1 proposition 2 (2 3 (3 application incrementally plans Brasil scale comprehensive academics decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making success solutions significant (