Resumo: Este estudo investigou os efeitos da percepção do vínculo parental, variáveis sociodemográficas e gestacionais na intensidade do apego materno-fetal (AMF) no contexto de gestação de alto risco. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal com 119 participantes. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal - Versão Breve e o Parental Bonding Instrument. Os resultados da análise de regressão linear múltipla foram estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05). O modelo final explicou 28,7 % da variância do AMF e foi composto pelas variáveis de superproteção paterna, cuidado paterno, idade da mulher, idade gestacional e suporte do pai do bebê. Reitera-se que a intensidade do AMF é multideterminada, envolvendo aspectos da história de vida, sociais e situacionais. A percepção da mulher acerca do vínculo paterno durante sua infância e adolescência e o apoio do pai do bebê no período gestacional destacam-se como fatores influentes para a vinculação materno-fetal, indicando a importância do envolvimento paterno ao longo do ciclo vital. São pontuadas implicações para a prática profissional, bem como limitações e recomendações de estudos futuros.

Resumen: Este estudio investigó los efectos de la percepción del vínculo parental, las variables sociodemográficas y gestacionales en la intensidad del apego materno-fetal (AMF) en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y transversal con 119 participantes. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal-Versión Breve y el Instrumento de Vínculo Parental. Los resultados del análisis de regresión lineal múltiple fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < .05). El modelo final explicó el 28.7 % de la varianza del AMF y estuvo compuesto por las variables de sobreprotección paterna, cuidado paterno, edad de la mujer, edad gestacional y apoyo del padre del bebé. Se reitera que la intensidad del AMF es multideterminada, lo que involucra aspectos de la historia de vida, sociales y situacionales. La percepción de la mujer sobre el vínculo paternal durante su infancia y adolescencia, así como el apoyo del padre del bebé durante el período gestacional, destacan como factores influyentes en el apego materno-fetal, lo que indica la importancia de la participación paterna a lo largo del ciclo vital. Se puntualizan implicaciones para la práctica profesional, así como limitaciones y recomendaciones para estudios futuros.

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of perceived parental bonding, sociodemographic and gestational variables on the intensity of maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in the context of high-risk pregnancies. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study involving 119 participants. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale-Brief Version, and the Parental Bonding Instrument were administered. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis were statistically significant (p < .05). The final model explained 28.7 % of the variance in MFA and included the variables of paternal overprotection, paternal care, maternal age, gestational age, and the support from the baby's father. We emphasize that MFA intensity is multidetermined, involving aspects of life history, social, and situational factors. The woman’s perception of paternal bonding during her childhood and adolescence, as well as the support from the baby's father during the gestational period, are highlighted as influential factors for maternal-fetal attachment, indicating the importance of paternal involvement throughout the life cycle. Implications for professional practice, as well as limitations and recommendations for future studies are discussed.

Abstract Introduction: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life affect emotional response during adolescence. To study the effect of early rearing on emotional response, animal models such as maternal separation (MS) and social enrichment (SE) by community nesting have been useful. However, the comparison of the effect of MS and SE on anxiety-related behaviours in adolescent rats is unknown. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of MS and SE on the emotional response of adolescent rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Method: Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups according to the rearing condition. In the MS group, pups were separated daily from their dams for 180 minutes, from postnatal day (P) 2 to 14. In the SE group, two females that gave birth synchronously were housed in a cage with a litter of eight pups. Females from control standard housing (SH) were individually housed and kept with their offspring until weaning (P23). On P32, anxiety-related measures were evaluated using an EPM. Results: MS and SE increase anxiety-related behaviours and locomotion in rats exposed to the EPM. SE had sex-dependent effects on anxiety-related measures, increasing vertical activity in females and horizontal activity in males. MS but not SE increased body weight gain in female rats. Conclusion: Adverse or favourable rearing conditions early in life may result in an increased anxiety phenotype in the EPM during adolescence. It is likely that the favourable effect of SE depends on the number of dams per communal nest.

Resumen Introducción: Las condiciones de crianza adversas o favorables en etapas tempranas de la vida afectan la respuesta emocional durante la adolescencia. Para estudiar el efecto de la crianza temprana sobre la respuesta emocional, han sido útiles modelos animales como la separación materna (SM) y el enriquecimiento social (ES) mediante anidamiento comunitario. Sin embargo, se desconoce la comparación del efecto de la SM y el ES sobre las conductas relacionadas con la ansiedad en ratas adolescentes. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende evaluar los efectos de la SM y el ES sobre la respuesta emocional de ratas adolescentes expuestas al test del laberinto en cruz elevado (EPM). Método: Las ratas Wistar preñadas se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en tres grupos según la condición de crianza. En el grupo SM, las crías fueron separadas diariamente de sus madres durante 180 minutos, desde el día postnatal (P) 2 hasta el 14. En el grupo ES, dos hembras que parieron de forma sincronizada se alojaron en una caja con una camada de ocho crías. Las hembras del alojamiento estándar de control (SH) se alojaron individualmente y se mantuvieron con sus crías hasta el destete (P23). En P32, se evaluaron las medidas relacionadas con la ansiedad mediante un EPM. Resultados: La SM y el ES aumentan las conductas relacionadas con la ansiedad y la locomoción en las ratas expuestas al EPM. El ES tuvo efectos dependientes del sexo en las medidas relacionadas con ansiedad, aumentando la actividad vertical en las hembras y la actividad horizontal en los machos. La SM, pero no el ES, incrementó la ganancia de peso corporal en las ratas hembra. Conclusiones: Condiciones de crianza adversas o favorables en etapas tempranas de la vida pueden dar lugar a un fenotipo de ansiedad aumentado en el EPM durante la adolescencia. Es probable que el efecto favorable del ES dependa del número de hembras por nido comunitario.

Abstract Introduction. Postpartum anxiety after childbirth is a common condition among pregnant women due to reasons such as the uncertainty of experiencing pregnancy and childbirth for the first time, or previous negative experiences. Fear of childbirth can affect the mother’s baby care process. Objective. This study was conducted analytically with a single-subject design to determine the effects of maternal concerns about childbirth and the postpartum period on obsessive and compulsive behaviors related to baby care. Materials and methods. The study was conducted with 260 mothers. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, and the scales ‘Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period’, and ‘Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care’. The data were analyzed using the SPSS™ software to calculate percentages, mean values, t tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression analysis. Results. A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between participant scores of the ‘Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period’ and the ‘Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care’ scales (p < 0.01). The regression model showed that 18.0% of the total variance in the obsessive and compulsive behaviors of mothers in the postpartum was explained by the fear of childbirth and the postpartum period (corrected R2 = 0.180). Conclusions. Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period were moderate. However, as the fear of women regarding childbirth and the postpartum period increased, their postpartum obsessive and compulsive behaviors about baby care also increased.

Resumen Introducción. La ansiedad del parto y el posparto es una condición común entre las mujeres embarazadas por la incertidumbre de vivir el embarazo y el parto por primera vez o por previas experiencias negativas. El miedo al parto puede afectar el proceso del cuidado del bebé de la madre. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de las preocupaciones maternas sobre el parto y el puerperio y su efecto sobre las conductas obsesivas y compulsivas relacionadas con el cuidado del bebé. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó con 260 madres. Los datos fueron recolectados en el formulario de información descriptiva y se usaron la “Escala de miedo al parto y al período posparto” y la de “Comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el período posparto relacionados con el cuidado del bebé”. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante el software SPSS™ mediante el cálculo de porcentajes, promedio, prueba t, ANOVA, correlación de Pearson y análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados. Se encontró una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la “Escala de miedo al parto y del período posparto” y la de “Comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el período posparto relacionadas con el cuidado del bebé” (p < 0.01). En el modelo creado por análisis de regresión se observó que el 18,0% del cambio en la escala de comportamientos obsesivos-compulsivos estaba explicado por el miedo al parto y al puerperio (R2corregido = 0,180). Conclusiones. En el estudio se determinó que el miedo al parto y al puerperio era moderado. Sin embargo, a medida que aumentaba el puntaje de miedo al parto y al período posparto, también aumentaban los comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el puerperio relacionados con el cuidado del bebé.

Abstract Screening for anemia in pregnancy is routine clinical practice, given its prevalence and impact on maternal and fetal health. Iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia, however, it can occur in the absence of anemia and must be treated. Nevertheless, the measurement of ferritin in the absence of anemia is not consensual and, according to some authors, may lead to a lack of adequate treatment for pregnant women with iron deficiency, without anemia. A commonly adopted strategy that can minimize this risk, involves universal iron supplementation in pregnancy, which, in turn, also deserves reflection and scrutiny, since inadequate iron supplementation in pregnancy can also produce deleterious maternal and fetal effects. The purpose of this article is to reflect on clinical practice in this context, where guidelines can be ambiguous or even contradictory.

Resumo O rastreio da anemia na gravidez é realizado na prática clínica, justificando-se pela sua prevalência e impacto na saúde materna e fetal. A principal causa de anemia é a ferropenia; no entanto, esta pode existir na ausência de anemia, carecendo na mesma de orientação terapêutica. Contudo, o doseamento de ferritina na ausência de anemia não é consensual, podendo, de acordo com alguns autores, conduzir à privação de tratamento adequado de grávidas com ferropenia sem anemia. Uma estratégia comummente adotada que pode minimizar esse risco passa pela suplementação universal com ferro na gravidez que, por sua vez, merece também reflexão e crítica, uma vez que a suplementação inadequada com ferro na gravidez pode também produzir efeitos deletérios maternos e fetais. O objetivo do artigo é refletir sobre a prática clínica neste âmbito, onde as orientações podem ser ambíguas ou até mesmo contraditórias.

Abstract Obesity has been associated with poorer reproductive outcomes after ART treatments, affecting the quality of embryos, endometrial receptivity, and the risk of gestational complications. The decision to delay IVF/ICSI treatments to promote weight loss must be carefully considered, especially in older women. Future research should focus on weight loss interventions tailored to patients’ age and BMI, with longitudinal studies to assess the effects of these interventions. Promoting healthy lifestyles and controlled weight loss is essential, but risks and benefits must be carefully weighed to optimize reproductive treatments.

Resumo A obesidade tem sido associada a piores desfechos reprodutivos após tratamentos de PMA, afetando a qualidade embrionária, a recetividade endometrial e o risco de complicações gestacionais. A decisão de adiar tratamentos de FIV/ICSI para promover a perda de peso deve ser considerada nas mulheres mais velhas. A investigação futura deve focar-se em estudos longitudinais para avaliar os efeitos de intervenções de perda de peso adaptadas à idade e ao IMC. A promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis e a perda de peso controlada são essenciais, mas os riscos e benefícios devem ser cuidadosamente ponderados para otimizar os tratamentos reprodutivos.

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the health sector globally and in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVE. To review the effects of COVID-19 on maternal, perinatal and reproductive health outcomes and service utilisation in SA. METHODS. Three routine national data collection systems were sourced: the District Health Information System, the Saving Mothers reports of the National Committee on Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and the Saving Babies reports from the National Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Committee using data from the Perinatal Problem Identification Program. RESULTS. There were 35% and 8% increases in maternal and stillbirth mortality rates, respectively, in 2020 and 2021, which correlated with the COVID-19 waves. However, in 2022, rates returned to pre-COVID levels. Antenatal visits and facility births showed little change, but there was a shift to more rural provinces. The use of oral and injectable contraceptives and termination of pregnancy services decreased markedly in 2020 and 2021, with a sustained shift to long-acting reversible contraceptives. The increase in maternal deaths was predominantly due to COVID-19 respiratory complications, but also an increase in obstetric haemorrhage. Stillbirths increased significantly (10%) for birthweights between 2 000 g and 2 499 g, categorised mostly as unexplained stillbirths or preterm labour, but no increase in neonatal deaths was observed. Administrative avoidable factors increased by 24% in the 2020 - 2022 triennium, but there was no increase in patient/community level or healthcare provider-related avoidable factors during the pandemic years. CONCLUSION. COVID-19 caused a marked increase in maternal death and stillbirth rates in 2020 and 2021 due to both direct effects of the virus and indirect effects on functioning of the health system. The continued, although modified, health-seeking behaviour of women and the rapid return to pre-COVID-19 mortality rates demonstrates enormous resilience in women and the health system.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the perceptions of indigenous women and healthcare personnel in the Altos de Chiapas after Prospera, aiming to shed light on how the program changed maternal and child health care, specifically in relation to the presence or absence of economic incentives. Materials and Methods: Grounded in grounded theory, the study utilized nine focus group interviews with women (54 participants) and nine semi-structured interviews with seven nurses and two doctors. Results: The relationship between women and healthcare personnel within the Prospera framework was perceived as an obligation driven by economic incentives, rather than being viewed as shared responsibility. Intervention topics, such as health orientation talks and medical consultations that required attendance at the medical unit, saw a decrease in participation by most women after the program concluded. This shift in dynamics suggests that the relationship built around economic incentives failed to foster sustainable shared responsibility in maternal and child health care after Prospera concluded. Conclusions: In the Prospera program, advantages were observed, such as maternal health monitoring, health talks, and the provision of vitamin supplements. However, the lack of effective shared responsibility and the perception of obligation conditioned by economic incentives influenced the decrease in attendance at medical units and the adoption of preventive care practices, potentially minimizing all the benefits gained. This finding emphasizes the importance of designing social interventions that go beyond mere obligation and promote active and sustainable participation in maternal and child health care.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones de mujeres indígenas y personal de salud en los Altos de Chiapas tras Prospera, para visibilizar cómo el programa cambió la atención de la salud materno-infantil, específicamente en relación con la presencia o ausencia de incentivos económicos. Material y Método: El estudio, basado en la teoría fundamentada, utilizó nueve entrevistas grupales con mujeres (54 participantes) y nueve entrevistas semiestructuradas con siete enfermeras y dos médicos. Resultados: La relación entre las mujeres y el personal de salud en el marco de Prospera fue percibida como una obligación motivada por un incentivo económico, en lugar de ser vista como una corresponsabilidad. Los temas de intervención, como las pláticas de orientación en salud y las consultas médicas que implicaban la asistencia a la unidad médica, al finalizar el programa la mayoría de las mujeres dejaron de asistir. Este cambio en la dinámica sugiere que la relación construida en torno al incentivo económico no logró fomentar una corresponsabilidad sostenible en el cuidado de la salud materno-infantil, después de la conclusión de Prospera. Conclusiones: En el programa Prospera, se observaron ventajas como el monitoreo de la salud materna, pláticas de salud y la provisión de suplementos vitamínicos. Sin embargo, la falta de una corresponsabilidad efectiva y la percepción de obligación condicionada al incentivo económico, influyeron en la disminución de la asistencia a las unidades médicas y en la adopción de prácticas de cuidado preventivo, lo que podría minimizar todas las ventajas obtenidas. Este hallazgo resalta la importancia de diseñar intervenciones sociales, que vayan más allá de la mera obligación y fomenten una participación activa y sostenible en el cuidado de la salud materno-infantil.

Abstract Introduction Although the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as adolescent mothers, very few studies have documented the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in this population. Objective a) Determine the frequency of PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] ≥ 9) in adolescent mothers before (AM-BP) and during (AM-DP) the pandemic, b) Examine psychosocial factors (self-esteem, maternal efficacy, social support, depression and anxiety in pregnancy, planned and wanted pregnancy) in AM-BP and AM-DP, and c) Determine whether being an AM-DP was a significant factor for experiencing PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Method Cross sectional study. Subjects: Forty-one AM-BP recruited at Health Centers and interviewed face to face and forty-one AM-DP surveyed online. Results PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) was 42% (p = .001) more frequent in AM-DP. The groups differed significantly in all psychosocial factors, with AM-DP faring worse. Unadjusted regressions showed that being an AM-DP, having lower maternal efficacy and self-esteem, greater dissatisfaction with social support, and depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy increased PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Adjusted multiple analysis indicated that lower self-esteem was the only factor to maintain its association with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discussion and conclusion The pandemic negatively affected PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) and psychosocial factors in AM-DP, as compared to AM-BP, with self-esteem being the main factor associated with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). In situations of extreme stress as happened in the pandemic, the mental health of adolescent mothers should be prioritized to prevent negative effects such as PPD. PPD preventive and treatment interventions should consider strengthening self-esteem.

Resumen Introducción La pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo en la salud mental de poblaciones vulnerables, como las madres adolescentes, no obstante, escasos estudios documentaron la prevalencia de depresión posparto (DPP) en esta población. Objetivo a) Conocer la frecuencia de DPP (Escala Edinburgh para la Depresión Postnatal [EPDS] ≥ 9) en madres adolescentes antes de la pandemia (MA-AP) y durante la pandemia (MA-DP), b) Examinar algunos factores psicosociales (autoestima, eficacia materna, apoyo social, depresión y ansiedad en el embarazo, embarazo planeado y deseado) en MA-AP y MA-DP, y, c) Analizar si ser MA-DP, fue un factor significativo para experimentar DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). Método Estudio transversal. Participantes: 41 MA-AP captadas en Centros de Salud y 41 MA-DP encuestadas en línea. Resultados La DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) fue 42% (p = .001) más frecuente en las MA-DP. Los grupos difirieron significativamente en todos los factores psicosociales, en detrimento de las MA-DP. Las regresiones no ajustadas mostraron que ser MA-DP, tener menor eficacia materna y autoestima, mayor insatisfacción con el apoyo social, y depresión y/o ansiedad en el embarazo incrementaron la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). El análisis múltiple ajustado indicó que una menor autoestima fue el único factor que mantuvo su asociación con DPP (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discusión y conclusión La pandemia tuvo un efecto negativo en la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) y en factores psicosociales en MA-DP; la autoestima fue el principal factor asociado a la misma. Ante situaciones de estrés extremo, la salud mental de madres adolescentes debería ser prioritaria para prevenir efectos negativos como la DPP. Intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento de DPP deben fortalecer la autoestima.

Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major cause of disability-adjusted life years in young adults. Pregnancy complications have previously been associated with BD. The current study aimed to examine the association between perinatal factors and BD. Methods: We included 3,794 subjects from the 1993 Pelotas population-based birth cohort study. We assessed 27 variables at birth and modeled BD onset at 18 and 22 years. Bivariate analysis was performed by means of binomial logistic regression models. The variables with p-values less than 0.05 were included in a multiple regression with confounders. Results: Maternal smoking was associated with a 1.42-fold increased risk of BD at 18 or 22 years old (95%CI 1.091-1.841), and maternal passive exposure to tobacco with a 1.43-fold increased risk (95%CI 1.086-1.875). No association was found between other perinatal factors and BD after controlling for confounders. Conclusion: The results of the present cohort study corroborate previous reports in the literature indicating a negative effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy. These findings can be further tested and support the development of strategies to prevent the onset development of BD. Objective (BD disabilityadjusted disability adjusted adults Methods 3794 3 794 3,79 199 populationbased population based 2 1 models pvalues p values 005 0 05 0.0 confounders Results 1.42fold 142fold fold 1.42 42 95%CI 95CI CI 95 1.0911.841, 10911841 1.091 1.841 , 091 841 1.091-1.841) 1.43fold 143fold 1.43 43 1.0861.875. 10861875 1.086 1.875 . 086 875 1.086-1.875) Conclusion pregnancy 379 79 3,7 19 00 0. 42fold 142 1.4 4 9 0911 1.0911.841 1091184 1091 1.09 1841 1.84 09 84 1.091-1.841 43fold 143 0861 1.0861.875 1086187 1086 1.08 1875 1.87 08 87 1.086-1.875 37 7 3, 14 1. 1.0911.84 109118 109 1.0 184 1.8 8 1.091-1.84 1.0861.87 108618 108 187 1.086-1.87 1.0911.8 10911 10 1.091-1.8 1.0861.8 10861 1.086-1.8 1.0911. 1.091-1. 1.0861. 1.086-1. 1.0911 1.091-1 1.0861 1.086-1 1.091- 1.086-

Abstract Variability in snake venom composition is well-documented and crucial for understanding snake ecology and predicting snakebites. In this study, we characterize the venom composition and biological activities of newborn female and male Bothrops moojeni and their mother. Our results reveal significant differences between the venom of newborn females and males, demonstrating a broad and diverse range of proteins. The venoms of newborn females showed higher serine protease effects, increased hemorrhagic activity, and greater lethality compared to the venom of newborn males. However, no differences were observed in phospholipase A2 and coagulant activity. The differences in protein composition and toxic activities between maternal and neonatal venom, as well as between the venoms of newborn females and males, contribute to understanding the diverse outcomes of snakebites. These results underscore the importance of considering sex and ontogeny in understanding venom composition in snakes. welldocumented documented snakebites study mother males proteins effects activity However A snakes

Resumo A variabilidade na composição dos venenos de serpentes é bem documentada e crucial para a compreensão da ecologia das serpentes ou do prognóstico dos envenenamentos ofídicos. Nesse estudo, caracterizamos a composição e a atividade biológica do veneno de fêmeas e machos recém-nascidos e sua mãe. Nossos resultados revelaram diferenças significativas entre o veneno de fêmeas e machos recém-nascidos, demonstrando uma ampla e diversificada gama de proteínas. Os venenos de fêmeas recém-nascidas apresentaram mais efeitos de serina protease, aumento da atividade hemorrágica e maior letalidade em comparação ao veneno dos machos recém-nascidos. No entanto, nenhuma diferença foi observada na fosfolipase A2 e na atividade coagulante. As diferenças na composição proteica e nas atividades tóxicas entre o veneno materno e neonatal, bem como entre os venenos de fêmeas e machos recém-nascidos contribuem para a compreensão dos diversos resultados dos acidentes ofídicos. Esses resultados ressaltam a importância de considerar o sexo e a ontogenia na compreensão da composição do veneno desses animais. ofídicos estudo recémnascidos recém nascidos mãe recémnascidos, nascidos, proteínas recémnascidas nascidas protease recémnascidos. nascidos. entanto coagulante neonatal animais

Abstract Animal pollination plays a key role in global agricultural production and especially of monoecious crops, which are essentially dependent on pollinators. The West Indian gherkin fruit (Cucumis anguria L., Cucurbitaceae) is a monoecious vegetable adaptable to adverse abiotic conditions, resistant to diseases, and rich in minerals and vitamins, thus being a relevant alternative for improving nutritional security of socioeconomically vulnerable populations. The knowledge on the influence of pollination and of specific pollinators on chemical characteristics of fruits would help pollinators’ management, but it is still poorly understood. In this study we investigated the influence of pollination on quantitative and qualitative aspects of fruits fruits of West Indian gherkin fruits (Cucumis anguria L., Cucurbitaceae) in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Data on pollination biology and on fruits resulted from controlled crosses (open-OP, cross-CP and Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 pollinations) were compared among crosses: number, length, weight, number of seeds, firmness and chemical traits related to flavor and shelf life. Flowers were pollinated by four bee species, and Apis mellifera was the most frequent. followed by two native bee species. OP and A. mellifera resulted in more fruits than CP. Fruits resulting from OP were heavier than CP and had similar weight when compared to A. mellifera. The other variables did not differ between treatments. The better performance of OP and A. mellifera when compared to CP is probably related to the xenia, i.e., the influence of tissues bearing paternal genes (pollen and pollen tube) in maternal tissues. OP and A. mellifera experiments apparently resulted in the deposition of a greater genotypic diversity of the pollen loads when compared to CP. This result is also explained by the higher functional diversity of pollinators related to OP when compared to CP. This study not only elucidates immediate impacts on yield but also emphasizes the deeper connections between floral biology, pollinator diversity, and sustainable crop production, once West Indian gherkin profit was enhanced by bee pollination. crops Cucumis L L. Cucurbitaceae conditions diseases vitamins populations management understood semiarid semi arid region openOP, openOP open OP, (open-OP crossCP cross Linnaeus 175 pollinations length seeds life species frequent A treatments xenia ie i e i.e. tube 17 i.e 1

Resumo A polinização animal desempenha um papel fundamental na produção agrícola global e especialmente nas culturas monóicas, que são essencialmente dependentes de polinizadores. O maxixe das Índias Ocidentais (Cucumis anguria L., Cucurbitaceae) é uma hortaliça monóica adaptável a condições abióticas adversas, resistente a doenças e rica em minerais e vitaminas, sendo assim uma alternativa relevante para melhorar a segurança nutricional de populações socioeconomicamente vulneráveis. O conhecimento sobre a influência da polinização e de polinizadores específicos nas características químicas dos frutos ajudaria no manejo dos polinizadores, mas é pouco compreendido. Neste estudo investigamos a influência da polinização nos aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos de frutos do semiárido brasileiro. Dados de biologia da polinização e de frutos resultantes de cruzamentos controlados (OP-polinização aberta, CP-cruzada e Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) foram comparados entre cruzamentos: número, comprimento, peso, número de sementes, firmeza e características químicas relacionadas ao sabor e prazo de validade. As flores foram polinizadas por quatro espécies de abelhas, sendo Apis mellifera a mais frequente. OP e A. mellifera resultaram em mais frutos que CP. Os frutos resultantes de OP foram mais pesados que os de CP e apresentaram peso semelhante quando comparados aos de A. mellifera. As demais variáveis não diferiram entre os tratamentos. O melhor desempenho de OP e A. mellifera quando comparado ao CP provavelmente está relacionado à xenia, ou seja, à influência dos tecidos portadores de genes paternos (pólen e tubo polínico) nos tecidos maternos. Experimentos com OP e A. mellifera aparentemente resultaram na deposição de maior diversidade genotípica das cargas polínicas quando comparados com CP. Este resultado também é explicado pela maior diversidade funcional dos polinizadores relacionados ao OP quando comparado ao CP. Este estudo não apenas elucida os impactos imediatos no rendimento, mas também enfatiza as conexões mais profundas entre a biologia floral, a diversidade de polinizadores e a produção agrícola sustentável, uma vez que o lucro do maxixe das Índias Ocidentais foi aumentado mesmo quando polinizado por uma espécie de abelha exótica. monóicas Cucumis L L. Cucurbitaceae adversas vitaminas vulneráveis compreendido brasileiro OPpolinização aberta CPcruzada cruzada Linnaeus 1758 comprimento sementes validade abelhas frequente tratamentos xenia seja pólen polínico maternos rendimento floral sustentável exótica 175 17 1

Abstract Objectives: to describe the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternal mortality in Brazil in 2021. Methods: it is an exploratory study with description of the excess maternal mortality in Brazil for 2021, considering different scenarios: (i) 2015-2019 linear trend; (ii) 2020 observed number of deaths; (iii) 2015-2019 linear trend corrected for general mortality excess; (iv) 2020 observed number of deaths corrected for general mortality excess. Results: compared to the trend of the previous five years, the year 2021 showed an excess mortality of 39% (n=3030). The maternal mortality ratio for 2021 drastically exceeded the SDG target for this indicator, reaching approximately 110 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. In any scenario described, there will be excess maternal mortality in 2021 higher than general mortality and higher than level presented in 2020. Analysis stratified by region demonstrates subnational heterogeneity. Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on maternal health, not only by leading to increased deaths but also by increasing social health inequality. The year 2021 was the most critical period of the pandemic regarding the magnitude of mortality. Barriers to accessing and using essential health services are challenging to achieving health-related Sustainable Development Goals. Objectives Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 Methods scenarios i (i 20152019 2015 2019 2015-201 ii (ii 202 iii (iii iv (iv Results years 39 n=3030. n3030 n n=3030 . 3030 (n=3030) indicator 11 100000 100 000 100,00 births described heterogeneity Conclusion inequality healthrelated related Goals Covid1 1 Covid- 2015201 201 2015-20 20 3 n303 n=303 303 (n=3030 10000 10 00 100,0 201520 2015-2 2 n30 n=30 30 (n=303 1000 0 100, 20152 2015- n3 n=3 (n=30 n= (n=3 (n= (n

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os efeitos da pandemia da Covid-19 na mortalidade materna no Brasil em 2021. Métodos: realizou-se estudo exploratório com descrição do excesso de mortalidade materna no Brasil para 2021, considerando diferentes cenários: (i) tendência linear 2015-2019; (ii) número de óbitos observados em 2020; (iii) tendência linear 2015-2019 corrigida para excesso de mortalidade geral; (iv) número de óbitos observados em 2020 corrigido pelo excesso de mortalidade geral. Resultados: em comparação com a tendência dos cinco anos anteriores, o ano de 2021 apresentou excesso de mortalidade de 39% (n=3030). A razãode mortalidade materna para 2021 ultrapassou a meta dos ODS para este indicador, atingindo um nível superior a 110 mortes maternas por cem mil nascidos vivos. Em qualquer cenário, houve excesso de mortalidade materna em 2021 superior à mortalidade geral em 2020. A análise estratificada por região demonstra heterogeneidade subnacional. Conclusão: a pandemia da Covid-19 teve impacto considerável na saúde materna, não só por levar ao aumento de mortes, mas também por aumentar a iniquidade em saúde. O ano de 2021 foi o período mais crítico da pandemia em termos de mortalidade. Barreiras ao acesso e uso de serviços de saúde são um desafio para alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável relacionados à saúde. Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 Métodos realizouse realizou se cenários i (i 20152019 2015 2019 ii (ii iii (iii 2015-201 iv (iv 202 Resultados anteriores 39 n=3030. n3030 n n=3030 . 3030 (n=3030) indicador 11 vivos cenário subnacional Conclusão Covid1 1 Covid- 2015201 201 2015-20 20 3 n303 n=303 303 (n=3030 201520 2015-2 2 n30 n=30 30 (n=303 20152 2015- n3 n=3 (n=30 n= (n=3 (n= (n

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of weight gain and maternal anemia on postpartum depression. METHODS: This is a prospective, single-center, case-control study. We recorded the demographic characteristics, blood ferritin level, and weight gain during the pregnancy. This study was planned between April 2023 and June 2023 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Ankara Etlik City Hospital. A total of 109 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were assessed with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Weight gain, nutritional education, educational level, mode of delivery, and pregnancy history were asked in person. Ferritin levels at the onset of labor were determined to detect anemia. Twin births, births due to fetal anomalies or intrauterine stillbirths, patients with systemic infections, and patients diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder in the past 6 months whose records were not accessible were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Pregnancy weight gain and percentage of pregnancy weight gain were higher. Serum ferritin levels and nutritional education during pregnancy were lower in the postpartum depression group (p<0.001). These parameters with statistical significance were identified as risk factors in the regression analysis for postpartum depression (p<0.05). In receiver operating characteristics analysis, >15 kg for weight gain, >28.8 for percentage of weight gain in pregnancy, and <19 ng/dL for serum ferritin level were identified as cutoff values (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Nutritional education and vitamin supplementation should be recommended to pregnant women during routine examinations. OBJECTIVE METHODS prospective singlecenter, singlecenter single center, center single-center casecontrol case control 202 Hospital 10 Scale delivery person stillbirths infections RESULTS higher p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 . 0 001 (p<0.001) p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 05 (p<0.05) 15 >1 288 28 8 >28. 19 <1 ngdL ng dL CONCLUSION examinations 20 1 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 > 2 >28 < (p<0.00 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 >2 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Since the 1970s, maternal corticosteroid therapy has been used successfully to induce labor. This allows for better monitoring of parturients and provision of first aid to neonates, improving neonatal viability, as this treatment induces maturation in a variety of fetal tissues, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. Although the effects of corticosteroids are well known, few studies have investigated the influence of this therapy in Santa Inês sheep. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone at two doses (8 and 16 mg) to induce lambing in Santa Inês ewes at 145 days of gestation and assess its effects on neonatal vitality. For this study, 58 ewes raised in an extensive system were investigated. Pregnancy was confirmed after artificial insemination at a set time or after controlled mounting. Ewes were separated into three groups: an untreated control group (G1: 0 mg) and groups treated with two doses of dexamethasone (G2: 8 mg and G3: 16 mg). In total, 79 lambs were born. Their vitality was assessed based on their Apgar score, weight, temperature, and postnatal behavior. SAS v9.1.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) was used to analyze data, considering a 5% significance level for all analyses. The births in the induced groups occurred 48.4 ± 22.1 h after induction, while the ewes that underwent non-induced labor gave birth 131.96 ± 41.9 h after placebo application (p < 0.05), confirming the efficacy of dexamethasone to induce and synchronize labor. The induced and non-induced neonates had similar Apgar scores, temperatures, weights, and postnatal behavioral parameters (p > 0.05). This study showed that inducing labor in Santa Inês ewes at 145 days of gestation with a full (16 mg) or half dose (8 mg) of dexamethasone is an effective technique and does not compromise neonate vitality. 1970s s viability tissues mortality known sheep ( 1 14 5 mounting G1 G (G1 G2 (G2 G3 mg. . total 7 born score weight temperature behavior v913 v v9 3 v9.1. Institute Cary NC data analyses 484 48 4 48. 221 22 22. induction noninduced non 13196 131 96 131.9 419 41 9 41. p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 05 0.05) scores temperatures weights 0.05. (1 (G v91 v9.1 2 1319 13 131. 00 0.0 v9. 0.

ABSTRACT This observational study describes the short- and long-term effects of maternal factors in 226 Holstein heifers and their offspring. We obtained maternal data and information from the dairy register. Young heifers were assessed in the window of 60 to 105 days of life to perform the Calf Health Scoring System and performance index, and blood samples to measure inflammatory biomarkers. Prospective data on reproduction were obtained from dairy farm registers. The eutocic weight was higher than the dystocic calving heifers. Plasma total protein and weight were higher in the offspring of multiparous dams than in those of primiparous dams. Calves that were born lighter and in summer had lower concentrations of total protein and performance indices. The punctuation of the fecal score was higher in calves born in summer and cold months for BRD. Offspring from multiparous dams born at term exhibited greater precocity in terms of age at first artificial insemination and first parturition. Finally, seasonality at birth affected pregnancy loss and age at first calving. Heifers born in winter had lower rates of pregnancy loss than those born in summer. In addition, these animals were more precocious than animals born during the cold seasons. short longterm long 22 register 6 10 index biomarkers registers indices BRD parturition Finally addition seasons 2 1

RESUMO Este estudo observacional descreve os efeitos de curto e longo prazo de fatores maternos em 226 novilhas Holandesas e suas proles. Foram obtidos dados maternos e informações do registro leiteiro. Novilhas jovens foram avaliadas, na janela de 60 a 105 dias de vida, com o escore de saúde, índice de desempenho e amostras de sangue para medir biomarcadores inflamatórios. Dados prospectivos sobre reprodução foram obtidos dos registros da fazenda. O peso das novilhas eutócicas foi superior ao das novilhas que nasceram de parto distócico. A proteína total plasmática e o peso foram maiores nas proles de vacas multíparas do que nas proles das primíparas. Bezerras que nasceram mais leves e no verão apresentaram menores concentrações de proteína total e índices de desempenho. A pontuação do escore fecal foi maior em bezerras nascidas no verão e nos meses frios para DRB. A prole de vacas multíparas nascidas a termo apresentou maior precocidade em relação à idade à primeira inseminação artificial e ao primeiro parto. Finalmente, a sazonalidade ao nascimento afetou a perda de prenhez e a idade ao primeiro parto. As novilhas nascidas no inverno tiveram menores taxas de perda de gestação do que as nascidas no verão. Além disso, esses animais eram mais precoces do que os nascidos nas estações frias. 22 leiteiro avaliadas 6 10 vida saúde inflamatórios fazenda distócico primíparas DRB Finalmente disso frias 2 1