Antibiotic resistance raises concerns about their residues in food and the environment. To produce antibiotic-free dairy products, countries explore new strategies to reduce antibiotic doses in mastitis treatment. Lactoferrins (LF), iron-binding glycoproteins, exhibit species-specific glycosylation affecting their properties. While formulations of bovine lactoferrin have been tested with antibiotics showed synergistic properties increasing the antibacterial properties, other interactions of lactoferrin isoforms with antibiotics remain unclear. This study isolates, purifies, and characterizes buffalo lactoferrin (Bf-LF) and its interaction with amoxicillin. Bf-LF was purified using a Sephacryl S-100 column and monitored spectrofluorometrically. Spectroscopic analysis of Bf-LF interaction with amoxicillin reveals that increasing amoxicillin concentration reduces Bf LF fluorescence, indicating conformational changes. The Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) and binding constant (Ka) measured at 298 K shows values around (2.79 ± 0.29) × 104 L mol-1 and (0.300 ± 0.04) × 104 L mol-1, respectively. UV-Vis spectroscopy shows a red shift (258.08 to 271.83 nm) implying Bf-LF-amoxicillin binding. In silico studies suggest polar interactions between amoxicillin and specific Bf-LF amino acids.

RESUMO: A mastite bovina é a doença mais impactante na indústria de laticínios e é caracterizada por uma complexidade de agentes causais, os quais têm revelado uma variação geográfica entre regiões e países. Os patógenos relacionados à mastite têm sido tradicionalmente classificados como contagiosos ou ambientais, com base na fonte de infecção ou origem e nas vias de transmissão. Além disso, a gravidade das infecções mamárias tem sido associada à virulência dos patógenos, e ao estado imunológico e nutricional dos animais. Considerando esse cenário, investigamos os agentes etiológicos, os escores de gravidade clínica e os dados de dias em lactação (DEL) em 4.273 casos clínicos de mastite bovina em dez fazendas de grande porte, quatro localizadas no sudoeste do estado de São Paulo e seis no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (283/4.273 = 6,6%), Escherichia coli (190/4.273 = 4,4%), Prototheca spp. (112/4.273 = 2,6%) e Streptococcus uberis (95/4.273 = 2,2%) foram os patógenos predominantes isolados. Entre os 4.273 casos clínicos, a pontuação de gravidade clínica estava disponível em 43,8% (1.871/4.273) dos animais. Desses, 69,8% (1.306/1.871), 27,3% (510/1.871) e 2,9% (55/1.871) foram classificados como leves, moderados e graves, respectivamente. Os patógenos foram observados principalmente em amostras obtidas durante os primeiros 100 dias em lactação, e a gravidade clínica foi principalmente classificada como leve. Nossos resultados contribuem para a identificação etiológica, a pontuação de gravidade clínica e os aspectos de ordenha de vacas com mastite em fazendas leiteiras com histórico de infecções mamárias clínicas. RESUMO causais países ambientais transmissão disso animais cenário etiológicos DEL (DEL 4273 4 273 4.27 porte Gerais Brasil 283/4.273 2834273 283 (283/4.27 6,6%, 66 6,6% , 6 6,6%) 190/4.273 1904273 190 (190/4.27 4,4%, 44 4,4% 4,4%) spp 112/4.273 1124273 112 (112/4.27 2,6% 26 2 95/4.273 954273 95 (95/4.27 2,2% 22 isolados 438 43 8 43,8 1.871/4.273 18714273 1 871 (1.871/4.273 Desses 698 69 69,8 1.306/1.871, 13061871 1.306/1.871 306 (1.306/1.871) 27 3 27,3 510/1.871 5101871 510 (510/1.871 29 9 2,9 55/1.871 551871 55 (55/1.871 leves graves respectivamente 10 leve etiológica clínicas 427 4.2 283/4.27 283427 28 (283/4.2 6,6 190/4.27 190427 19 (190/4.2 4,4 112/4.27 112427 11 (112/4.2 2,6 95/4.27 95427 (95/4.2 2,2 43, 1.871/4.27 1871427 87 (1.871/4.27 69, 1306187 1.306/1.87 30 (1.306/1.871 27, 510/1.87 510187 51 (510/1.87 2, 55/1.87 55187 5 (55/1.87 42 4. 283/4.2 28342 (283/4. 6, 190/4.2 19042 (190/4. 4, 112/4.2 11242 (112/4. 95/4.2 9542 (95/4. 1.871/4.2 187142 (1.871/4.2 130618 1.306/1.8 (1.306/1.87 510/1.8 51018 (510/1.8 55/1.8 5518 (55/1.8 283/4. 2834 (283/4 190/4. 1904 (190/4 112/4. 1124 (112/4 95/4. 954 (95/4 1.871/4. 18714 (1.871/4. 13061 1.306/1. (1.306/1.8 510/1. 5101 (510/1. 55/1. 551 (55/1. 283/4 (283/ 190/4 (190/ 112/4 (112/ 95/4 (95/ 1.871/4 1871 (1.871/4 1306 1.306/1 (1.306/1. 510/1 (510/1 55/1 (55/1 283/ (283 190/ (190 112/ (112 95/ (95 1.871/ 187 (1.871/ 130 1.306/ (1.306/1 510/ (510/ 55/ (55/ (28 (19 (11 (9 1.871 18 (1.871 13 1.306 (1.306/ (510 (55 (2 (1 ( 1.87 (1.87 1.30 (1.306 (51 (5 1.8 (1.8 1.3 (1.30 1. (1. (1.3

ABSTRACT: Bovine mastitis is the most impacting disease of dairy industry, and it is characterized by a complexity of causal agents, which have revealed a geographical variation among regions and countries. The mastitis-related pathogens have been traditionally classified as contagious or environmental, based on habits of the microorganisms and transmission routes. Besides, the severity of mammary infections has been associated with the virulence of the pathogens, and immune and nutritional status of the hosts. Considering this scenario, we investigated the etiological pattern, clinical severity scores, and days in milk (DIM) data in 4,273 clinical cases of bovine mastitis among ten large-dairy farms located in Brazil. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (283/4,273 = 6.6%), Escherichia coli (190/4,273 = 4.4%), Prototheca spp. (112/4,273 = 2.6%), and Streptococcus uberis (95/4,273 = 2.2%) were the predominant pathogens isolated. Among 4,273 clinical cases, clinical severity score was available in 43.8% (1,871/4,273) animals. From these, 69.8% (1,306/1,871), 27.3% (510/1,871), and 2.9% (55/1,871) were scored as mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. Pathogens were observed mainly in samples obtained during the first 100 days in milk, and clinical severity scored mainly as mild. Our results contributed to the etiological identification, clinical severity scoring, and milking aspects of mastitic cows in dairy farms with a history of clinical mammary infections. ABSTRACT industry agents countries mastitisrelated related environmental routes Besides hosts scenario pattern scores DIM (DIM 4273 4 273 4,27 largedairy large Brazil 283/4,273 2834273 283 (283/4,27 6.6%, 66 6.6% , 6 6.6%) 190/4,273 1904273 190 (190/4,27 4.4%, 44 4.4% 4.4%) spp 112/4,273 1124273 112 (112/4,27 2.6%, 26 2.6% 2 2.6%) 95/4,273 954273 95 (95/4,27 2.2% 22 isolated 438 43 8 43.8 1,871/4,273 18714273 1 871 (1,871/4,273 animals these 698 69 69.8 1,306/1,871, 13061871 1,306/1,871 306 (1,306/1,871) 27 3 27.3 510/1,871, 5101871 510/1,871 510 (510/1,871) 29 9 2.9 55/1,871 551871 55 (55/1,871 mild moderate severe respectively 10 identification scoring 427 4,2 283/4,27 283427 28 (283/4,2 6.6 190/4,27 190427 19 (190/4,2 4.4 112/4,27 112427 11 (112/4,2 2.6 95/4,27 95427 (95/4,2 2.2 43. 1,871/4,27 1871427 87 (1,871/4,27 69. 1306187 1,306/1,87 30 (1,306/1,871 27. 510187 510/1,87 51 (510/1,871 2. 55/1,87 55187 5 (55/1,87 42 4, 283/4,2 28342 (283/4, 6. 190/4,2 19042 (190/4, 4. 112/4,2 11242 (112/4, 95/4,2 9542 (95/4, 1,871/4,2 187142 (1,871/4,2 130618 1,306/1,8 (1,306/1,87 51018 510/1,8 (510/1,87 55/1,8 5518 (55/1,8 283/4, 2834 (283/4 190/4, 1904 (190/4 112/4, 1124 (112/4 95/4, 954 (95/4 1,871/4, 18714 (1,871/4, 13061 1,306/1, (1,306/1,8 5101 510/1, (510/1,8 55/1, 551 (55/1, 283/4 (283/ 190/4 (190/ 112/4 (112/ 95/4 (95/ 1,871/4 1871 (1,871/4 1306 1,306/1 (1,306/1, 510/1 (510/1, 55/1 (55/1 283/ (283 190/ (190 112/ (112 95/ (95 1,871/ 187 (1,871/ 130 1,306/ (1,306/1 510/ (510/1 55/ (55/ (28 (19 (11 (9 1,871 18 (1,871 13 1,306 (1,306/ (510/ (55 (2 (1 ( 1,87 (1,87 1,30 (1,306 (510 (5 1,8 (1,8 1,3 (1,30 (51 1, (1, (1,3

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar e descrever dificuldades observadas no aleitamento materno em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia de mamoplastia de aumento. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, com a pergunta norteadora: “Quais as possíveis dificuldades na amamentação observadas em mulheres que realizaram a mamoplastia de aumento descritas na literatura?”. A estratégia de busca foi realizada com combinações de descritores para a busca nas bases Lilacs, SciELO, Cochrane CENTRAL, BIREME, Pubmed, ADOLEC, BDENF, MedCarib e literatura cinzenta, sendo 12 de outubro de 2023 a data da última busca. Foram incluídos artigos completos, sem restrição de idioma e tempo de publicação, delineamento observacional, e que analisaram mulheres com histórico de mamoplastia de aumento e possíveis dificuldades na amamentação. Revisão da Literatura: foram incluídos sete artigos. Os estudos identificaram como possíveis dificuldades no aleitamento materno em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia de mamoplastia de aumento: a presença de ingurgitamento mamário, mastite, dor, lesões mamilares e alterações de lactação e de sensibilidade envolvidas no aleitamento materno. Conclusão: espera-se que os resultados apresentados nesta revisão de escopo estimulem o desenvolvimento de evidências mais vigorosas sobre a relação entre estes achados. Objetivo Métodos tratase trata se norteadora Quais literatura. . literatura?” Lilacs SciELO CENTRAL BIREME Pubmed ADOLEC BDENF cinzenta 1 202 completos publicação observacional Literatura mamário mastite dor Conclusão esperase espera achados literatura? 20 2

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify and describe difficulties observed in breastfeeding in women who underwent breast augmentation surgery. Methods: a scoping review, with the guiding question: "What are the possible difficulties in breastfeeding observed in women who have undergone breast augmentation, as described in the literature?". The search strategy was carried out with combinations of descriptors for searching the Lilacs, SciELO, Cochrane CENTRAL, BIREME, Pubmed, ADOLEC, BDENF, MedCarib, and gray literature databases, October 12, 2023 being the date of the last search. Complete articles, without restrictions on language and publication time, observational design, and that analyzed women with a history of breast augmentation and possible difficulties in breastfeeding, were included. Literature Review: seven research articles were included with studies identifying the following as possible difficulties in breastfeeding in women undergoing breast augmentation surgery: the presence of breast engorgement, mastitis, pain, nipple lesions, and changes in lactation and sensitivity involved in breastfeeding. Conclusion: it is expected that the results presented in this scoping review will stimulate the development of more robust evidence on the relationship between these findings. Purpose surgery Methods question What literature. . literature?" Lilacs SciELO CENTRAL BIREME Pubmed ADOLEC BDENF MedCarib databases 12 202 time design Review engorgement mastitis pain lesions Conclusion findings literature? 1 20 2

RESUMEN Boyacá es el quinto departamento productor de leche de Colombia. Estudios previos han demostrado la importancia de las especies de estafilococos coagulasa negativos (CNS) como causas de mastitis subclínica en rebaños lecheros. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el perfil de resistencia a antibióticos en el CNS obtenido de mastitis subclínica y la presencia del gen mecA. El ADN del SNC se tomó de un estudio previo del grupo de investigación y se utilizaron cebadores específicos para la detección del gen mecA en aislados que mostraron resistencia antibacteriana a al menos uno de los siguientes antibióticos: ampicilina, tetraciclina, estreptomicina, oxacilina, penicilina, y enrofloxacina. Los resultados muestran diferentes patrones de resistencia a los antibióticos en los aislados del CNS a pesar de provenir del mismo rebaño. Además, S. chromogenes y S. epidermidis fueron los patógenos más prevalentes, y con mayor presencia del gen mecA (33.4 y 37.5%, respectivamente). Los resultados son similares a los encontrados en otros países y estudios a nivel mundial; sin embargo, la presencia del gen mecA no estuvo asociado a especies como S. capitis, S. sciuri y S. haemolyticus con resistencia fenotípica a oxacilina o penicilina y. por lo tanto, se requiere más investigación sobre otros genes posiblemente asociados con esto.

ABSTRACT Boyacá is Colombia’s fifth-largest milk-producing department. Previous studies have shown the importance of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) species as causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy herds. This work aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile in CNS obtained from subclinical mastitis, and the presence of the mecA gene. CNS DNA was taken from a previous study of the research group, and specific primers were used for the detection of the mecA gene in isolates that showed antibacterial resistance to at least one of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and enrofloxacin. The results show different patterns of antibiotic resistance in the CNS isolates despite being obtained from the same herd. In addition, S. chromogenes and S. epidermidis were the most prevalent pathogens, and with the highest presence of the mecA gene (33.4 and 37.5% respectively). The results are like those found in other countries and worldwide studies, however, the presence of the mecA gene was not associated in some species such as S. capitis, S. sciuri, and S. haemolyticus with phenotypic resistance to oxacillin or penicillin, therefore, more research is required on other genes possibly associated with this.

Abstract Bovine mastitis is a disease that affects the farms of small and medium producers in the cantons of Cayambe and Pedro Moncayo, Pichincha Province-Ecuador. Treating this disease is not easy due to the different microorganisms that cause it. This study focused on the molecular determination by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the etiological agents of mastitis, having multiple advantages when recognizing family, gender and species of microorganisms. It is a method capable of detecting resistance genes of antibiotics, an important analysis when diagnosing and treating diseases. The aim of this research is to identify bacteria causing bovine mastitis by using biochemical and molecular tests. Biochemical tests such as: Gram staining, Catalase, Coagulase, and Mannitol Salt Agar were efficient to obtain pure strains and determine the gender of some bacteria. Specific primers (RNA16S) were used for the molecular identification of 9 etiological agents causing the disease in the productive units. The microorganisms found were Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Sphingomonas sp., Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, mostly present in clinic mastitis. To detect resistance genes, specific primers were used, of which 7 samples presented the gene for resistance to blaTEM (β-lactam) and 6 samples presented the gene for resistance to tetA (tetracyclines). Multi-resistance was identified in the species Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Sphingomonas sp.

Resumen La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad que afecta a las ganaderías de pequeños y medianos productores de los cantones Cayambe y Pedro Moncayo, Provincia de Pichincha-Ecuador. El tratamiento de esta enfermedad resulta complicado debido a la variedad de microorganismos que la provocan. El presente estudio se enfocó en la determinación molecular por medio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de los agentes etiológicos de la mastitis. Esta técnica presenta múltiples ventajas al reconocer familia, género y especie de microorganismos, y es un método capaz de detectar genes de resistencia de antibióticos, lo que resulta importante al momento de diagnosticar y tratar enfermedades. El objetivo de esta investigación se centró en la identificación de bacterias causantes de la mastitis bovina, utilizando pruebas bioquímicas y moleculares. Las pruebas bioquímicas como tinción Gram, Catalasa, Coagulasa, y Agar Manitol Sal fueron eficientes para obtener cepas puras y determinar el género de algunas bacterias. Se utilizaron primers específicos (RNA16S) para la identificación molecular de 9 agentes etiológicos causantes de la enfermedad en las unidades productivas. Los microorganismos encontrados fueron; Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Sphingomonas sp., Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, la mayoría presentes en mastitis clínica. Para detectar genes de resistencia se utilizaron primers específicos, de los cuales 7 muestras presentaron el gen para resistencia a blaTEM (β-lactámicos) y 6 muestras presentaron el gen para resistencia a tetA (tetraciclinas). Se identificó multirresistencia en las especies: Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Sphingomonas sp.

ABSTRACT El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los microorganismos asociados a la prevalencia de mastitis subclínica en cabras lecheras de Boyacá. Se realizó un estudio transversal con muestreo por conveniencia y se incluyeron 256 individuos. Las muestras de leche se tomaron en forma aséptica, directamente de la glándula mamaria y se transportaron al laboratorio a una temperatura de 4 °C. En el laboratorio, las muestras fueron sometidas al California Mastitis Test (CMT), y solo aquellas con un valor de CMT 2 y 3 fueron seleccionadas para cultivo microbiano en agares y posteriormente identificadas con pruebas bioquímicas. La prevalencia general de mastitis subclínica fue del 26.56%, lo que corresponde a 136 mitades mamarias. De esta prevalencia, el 73% de las muestras presentaron crecimiento microbiano asociado a la enfermedad. Los principales agentes microbianos asociados a la mastitis subclínica fueron los estafilococos coagulasa negativos y estafilococos coagulasa positivos con 24 y 26%, respectivamente. Asimismo, otro hallazgo importante fue la presencia de bacterias gramnegativas como E. coli y algunos hongos en 4 y 2%, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to determine the microorganisms associated with the prevalence of subclinical mastitisindairygoatsfromBoyacá.Across-sectionalstudywithconvenience sampling was performed, and 256 individuals were included for analysis. Milk samples were taken aseptically directly from the mammary gland and transported to the laboratory at a temperature of 4 °C. In the laboratory, the samples were submitted for the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and only those with a value of CMT 2 and 3 were selected for microbial culture in agars and subsequently identified with biochemical tests. The general prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 26.56%, which corresponds to 136 mammary halves. From this prevalence, 73% of the samples presented microbial growth associated with the disease. The main microbial agents associated with subclinical mastitis were coagulase-negative staphylococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci with 24 and 26% respectively, likewise, another important finding was the presence of gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and some fungi in 4 and 2% respectively.

RESUMEN La mastitis linfocítica o mastitis diabética es una patología benigna rara, caracterizada por una inflamación fibrótica de la mama, causando gran preocupación por la simulación de un carcinoma. Está asociada por lo general a la diabetes tipo 2, aunque pueden presentarse en otras patologías autoinmunes y además en pacientes sin comorbilidades. Se presenta en caso clínico de una paciente joven sin comorbilidades que consulto en consultorio de patología mamaria por tumor mamario. Se realizó una biopsia percutánea por trucut con confirmación histológica de mastitis linfocítica, se realizó control cercano observándose remisión clínica e imagenológica de la lesión en 6 meses de seguimiento. Se presenta el caso a fin de recalcar la importancia del diagnóstico histológico percutáneo de la lesión para determinar la naturaliza de la misma, constatándose una patología benigna que no requiere resección, evitando así causar deformidades que podrían afectar psicológicamente a la paciente.

ABSTRACT Lymphocytic mastitis or diabetic mastitis is a rare benign pathology, characterized by fibrotic inflammation of the breast, causing great concern due to the simulation of carcinoma. It is generally associated with type 2 diabetes, although it can occur in other autoimmune pathologies and also in patients without comorbidities. The clinical case of a young patient without comorbidities who consulted in the breast pathology clinic due to a breast tumor. A percutaneous trucut biopsy was performed with histological confirmation of lymphocytic mastitis, close control was performed, observing clinical and imaging remission of the lesion in 6 months of follow-up. The case is presented in order to emphasize the importance of percutaneous histological diagnosis of the lesion, to determine its nature, confirming a benign pathology that does not require resection, thus avoiding causing deformities that could psychologically affect the patient.

ABSTRACT Tuberculous mastitis (TM) is a rare cause of breast disease. The test sensitivity for TM is low and sometimes characterized by idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Both have different treatments; however, many patients are treated with presumptive TM (P-TM). We present fifteen women with confirmed TM or P-TM. We found 4% (5/124) of TM and 8% (10/124) of P-TM, grouped according to their diagnosis, with no differences between them, except for follow-up and treatment time. P-TM is an entity that must be considered based on clinical and radiological suspicion and is associated with presumptive pathological data. (TM disease treatments however PTM. PTM P . (P-TM) TM. 4 5/124 5124 5 124 (5/124 8 10/124 10124 10 (10/124 PTM, TM, diagnosis them followup follow up time data (P-TM 5/12 512 12 (5/12 10/12 1012 1 (10/12 5/1 51 (5/1 10/1 101 (10/1 5/ (5/ 10/ (10/ (5 (10 ( (1

Abstract To determine the situation of subclinical mastitis in Ecuador, 255 goats were sampled from 47 farms distributed in two geographic regions (mountain and plain). The results of bacteriological analysis of pre-milking and milking milk samples milk production, somatic cell count (SCC), chemical composition, and freezing point, were obtained from each goat. The prevalence of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) was 42,4 %. It varied significantly (p<0,05) by breed; higher in the breeds: Others 61,9 % and Crossbreeds 52,6 % compared to Saanen 41,0 % and Creole 35,4 %). Regarding geographical regions, it was higher in farms in the mountain region 49,2 % than in the plain region 36,1 %. Prevalence was also slightly higher in goats with ≥3 births, although the number of births was not significant. A 90 % of IMI were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), 5 % by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the remaining 5 % by Gram-negative bacteria.. Goats with subclinical mastitis showed higher SSC compared to IMI-free goats (logSCC cels/mL = 5,98±0,06 vs. 5,74±0,05, p<0,001). IMI by S. aureus exhibited the highest increase in SSC (logSSC cels/mL = 6,52±0,23), followed by CNS (5,93±0,05) and those not infected (5,66±0,04), showing significant differences (p<0,05) among them. The isolated Gram-negative bacteria hardly modified SCC (logSCC = 5,68±0,21). Milk yield and the milk quality variables registered did not differ significantly between healthy and IMI-affected udders.

Resumen Para determinar la situación de la mastitis subclínica caprina en Ecuador, se muestrearon 255 cabras de 47 explotaciones distribuidas en dos zonas geográficas (Montaña y Llano). De cada cabra se registraron los resultados del análisis bacteriológico en muestras de leche previo al ordeño y de la leche ordeñada la producción de leche, el recuento de células somáticas (RCS), la composición química y el punto de congelación. La prevalencia de infección intramamaria (IIM) subclínica fue del 42,4 %, y varió significativamente (p<0,05) en los factores raza (más elevada en las razas Otras 61,9 % y Cruces 52,6 % respecto a las razas Saanen 41,0 % y Criolla 35,4 %) y la zona geográfica (superior en granjas de Montaña 49,2 % que en Llano 36,1 %). La prevalencia también fue ligeramente mayor en cabras de ≥3 partos, si bien el factor número de parto no alcanzó a ser significativo. El 90 % de las IIM fueron causadas por estafilococos coagulasa negativo (ECN), un 5 % por Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) y el 5 % restante por bacterias Gram negativas. Las cabras con mastitis subclínica mostraron un RCS más elevado en comparación con las cabras libres de IIM (logRCS cels/mL = 5,98±0,06 vs. 5,74±0,05, p<0,001). Las IIM por S. aureus fueron las que mostraron mayor incremento del RCS (logRCS cels/mL = 6,52±0,23), seguidas por los ECN (5,93±0,05) y las no infectadas (5,66±0,04), presentando diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre sí. Las bacterias Gram negativas aisladas apenas modificaron el RCS (logRCS = 5,68±0,21). La producción de leche y las variables registradas de calidad de la leche no difirieron significativamente entre las ubres sanas y las afectadas por IIM.

Abstract Brazil is a large sheep and cow producer, and the development of new strategies for the treatment of lamb umbilical cord healing as well as the bovine mastitis is very important. The aim of this study was to develop emulgels containing propolis, curcumin and andiroba oil for the treatment of mastitis and umbilical cord healing in animals. The formulations were composed of poly (acrylic acid) derivative (Carbopol 974P or polycarbophil), Brazilian green propolis extract, curcumin, and andiroba oil. The systems were investigated as the activity on umbilical cord healing of newborn lambs, and evaluation of the prevention of mastitis in dairy cows. The emulgels effectively promoted umbilical cord healing, preventing infections. Moreover, they were effective for reducing the somatic cell count a health indicator for mammary glands in cows. These findings suggest that these formulations can potentially treat cattle mastitis and improve lambs' umbilical cord healing. producer important animals acrylic acid Carbopol P polycarbophil, polycarbophil , polycarbophil) extract lambs cows infections Moreover

RESUMO O objetivo do presente ensaio clínico foi avaliar o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e o comportamento de vacas diagnosticadas com mastite clínica (MC) leve ou moderada, provocada por patógenos Gram negativos ou com cultura negativa. Os casos foram designados para o grupo controle negativo ou grupo tratamento, o qual recebeu uma infusão intramamária de ciprofloxacino por três dias consecutivos. O comportamento foi avaliado por meio de coleiras que monitoram os tempos de ruminação, de atividade e de ócio. Cochos eletrônicos foram utilizados para registrar o comportamento alimentar e o CMS. Além disso, a produção média diária de leite, a composição do leite, a contagem de células somáticas e a contagem de leucócitos também foram avaliadas. A partir de 67 casos de MC, 23 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram designados para o grupo controle negativo (n=13) e para o grupo tratamento (n=10). Não foram encontradas diferenças no comportamento entre os grupos, durante o período experimental. Ademais, não houve diferença para o CMS, o comportamento alimentar e os demais parâmetros, entre o controle negativo e os casos tratados. Assim, o tratamento seletivo não trouxe impactos negativos sobre os parâmetros estudados. Essa estratégia terapêutica pode ser benéfica por reduzir custos e o uso de antimicrobianos, nas propriedades leiteiras. CMS (CMS MC (MC moderada negativa consecutivos ruminação ócio disso leite avaliadas 6 2 n=13 n13 n 13 (n=13 n=10. n10 n=10 . 10 (n=10) grupos experimental Ademais tratados Assim estudados antimicrobianos leiteiras n=1 n1 1 (n=1 (n=10 n= (n= (n

ABSTRACT The aim of the present negatively controlled, randomized clinical trial was to assess dry matter intake (DMI) and behavior in cows with mild and moderate naturally occurring CM caused by gram-negative or culture-negative pathogens. Enrolled cases were assigned to either the negative control or to the treatment group, which received one infusion of intramammary ciprofloxacin for three consecutive days. Behavior was assessed through neck collars which monitors rumination, activity, and rest times. Electronic feeders were used to record feeding behavior and DMI. Also, average daily milk yield, milk composition, somatic cells count (SCC), and white blood cells count (WBC) were evaluated. Of a total of 67 cases of CM, 23 met the criteria to enter the experiment and were enrolled to the negative control (n=13) and to the treated group (n=10). There was no difference in behavior between groups throughout the studied period. Also, no difference was found in DMI, feeding behavior and in the other parameters between negative control and treated cases. Therefore, the selective treatment did not have negative impacts on behavior and DMI, as well as in the other parameters. This therapeutic strategy can be beneficial since reduces costs and the use of antimicrobials in dairy farms. controlled DMI (DMI gramnegative gram culturenegative culture pathogens days rumination activity times Also yield composition SCC, SCC , (SCC) WBC (WBC evaluated 6 2 n=13 n13 n 13 (n=13 n=10. n10 n=10 . 10 (n=10) period Therefore farms (SCC n=1 n1 1 (n=1 (n=10 n= (n= (n

ABSTRACT. Four strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis were assessed as to in vitro sensitivity to four commercial disinfectants (chlorine, polvidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, and lactic acid) used in teat pre- and post-dipping, in the presence and absence of organic matter. The concentration of the disinfectants was determined in accordance with the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Four isolates identified as S. aureus from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were subjected to susceptibility testing against disinfectants through an absorbance evaluation at 600 nm on a spectrophotometer. Exposure times (15”, 30”, 60” and 90”) were clocked, and streaking was performed in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium. The iodine sample presented a lower concentration (1.9%) than that given by the manufacturer (2.5%). There was greater (p < 0.05) in vitro disinfectant activity for chlorhexidine and chlorine, with and without organic matter. However, inhibition by organic matter occurred more intensely in the iodine disinfectant (99.0%). The inhibition percentage of S. aureus against iodine and lactic acid at 15, 30, 60 and 90 s was numerically lower than against chlorhexidine and chlorine, regardless of organic matter. Therefore, chlorhexidine and chlorine have greater inhibitory activity against S. aureus, both with and without organic matter. ABSTRACT (chlorine polvidoneiodine, polvidoneiodine polvidone iodine, polvidone-iodine pre postdipping, postdipping post dipping, dipping post-dipping Pharmacopoeia S spectrophotometer 15 , (15” 30 30” 90” clocked BHI (BHI medium 1.9% 19 1 9 (1.9% 2.5%. 25 2.5% . 2 5 (2.5%) p 0.05 005 0 05 However 99.0%. 990 99.0% 99 (99.0%) 6 Therefore (15 3 1.9 (1.9 2.5 (2.5% 0.0 00 99.0 (99.0% (1 1. (1. 2. (2.5 0. 99. (99.0 ( (2. (99. (2 (99 (9

RESUMO Os antimicrobianos são essenciais no tratamento de infecções bacterianas. Mais frequentemente do que qualquer outra classe de antimicrobiano, os antibióticos são uma classe de antimicrobianos usados principalmente para tratar infecções bacterianas. Assim, a saúde humana e a longevidade da vida, bem como o bem-estar dos animais, melhoraram muito com o desenvolvimento de antibióticos como meio de tratamento de doenças infecciosas. A criação de gado leiteiro é essencial para atender à demanda mundial por produtos lácteos. No entanto, o uso inadequado de antibióticos na pecuária leiteira contribui muito para a formação de resistência antimicrobiana. Além disso, a resistência antimicrobiana resultante pode ser transferida para os seres humanos por meio do consumo de produtos lácteos contaminados. Portanto, a comunidade científica tem estudado intensamente a relação entre a pecuária leiteira e a resistência antimicrobiana desde 1983. E, devido à crescente conscientização sobre a resistência antimicrobiana em todo o mundo, os estudos sobre a resistência antimicrobiana na pecuária leiteira aumentaram rapidamente 89 vezes nos últimos vinte anos. Hoje em dia, o desenvolvimento da resistência antimicrobiana na pecuária leiteira está entre os tópicos de pesquisa mais populares. Para esse fim, este estudo é a primeira abordagem bibliométrica que visa orientar estudos futuros, revelando todos os aspectos dos estudos sobre esse assunto entre 1983 e 2023. bacterianas antimicrobiano Assim vida bemestar estar animais infecciosas entanto disso contaminados Portanto E mundo 8 anos dia populares fim futuros 198 2023 19 202 1 20 2

ABSTRACT Antimicrobials are pivotal in treating bacterial infections. More often than any other class of antimicrobial, antibiotics are a class of antimicrobials used primarily to treat bacterial infections. Thus, both human health and life longevity, as well as the welfare of animals, have greatly improved with the development of antibiotics as a means of treating infectious diseases. Dairy farming is essential to satisfying the world's demand for dairy products. Nevertheless, improper use of antibiotics in dairy farming contributes greatly to the formation of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the resulting antimicrobial resistance can be transferred to humans by consuming contaminated dairy products. Therefore, the scientific community has been intensively studying the relationship between dairy farming and antimicrobial resistance since 1983. And, due to the increasing awareness of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, studies on antimicrobial resistance in dairy farming have rapidly increased 89 times in the last twenty years. Today, the development of antimicrobial resistance in dairy farming is among the trending research topics. For this purpose, this study is the first bibliometric approach that aims to guide future studies by revealing all aspects of the studies on this subject between 1983 and 2023. infections Thus longevity animals diseases worlds world s products Nevertheless Moreover Therefore And worldwide 8 years Today topics purpose 198 2023 19 202 1 20 2

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Acustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography in mammary parenchyma and supramammary lymph nodes, for detection of active mastitis in sheep with naturally infected chronic fibrous lesions. 27 female sheep were included and B-mode ultrasound and ARFI elastography images were obtained, acquiring qualitative (echogenicity and echotexture) and quantitative (shear rate, depth and short/long axis ratio) variables of 48 mammary glands. The glands were divided into three experimental groups: control group (CG) - healthy animals; LSCC- animals that presented fibrous lesions and SCC (somatic cell count) less than 500 x 103 cls/mL; HSCC: animals that presented fibrous lesions and SCC (somatic cell count) more than 500 x 103 cls/mL; The qualitative variables using B-mode ultrasonography, including echotexture and echogenicity, showed no significant differences between the evaluated groups and tissues (p = 0.9336 and p = 0.233, respectively) .In healthy areas of the gland, it was an increasing in shear wave velocity (SWV) in LSCC than in HSCC (p=0.04). When comparing the fibrosis in the LSCC and HSCC groups with their respective normal areas, the velocity increased in both groups: LSCC (p= 0,0007) and HSCC (p= 0,0001). When comparing the areas of fibrosis in LSCC and HSCC with the CG parenchyma, there was an increase in LSCC (p=0.001) and HSCC (p=0.0001). B-mode ultrasound indicate predominance of hypoechoic echogenicity in lymph nodes and reduced short/long axis ratio in cases of active subclinical mastitis. The supramammary lymph node showed increased SWV when comparing the CG with HSCC groups (p=0.02) and GC with LSCC (p=0.04). B-mode ultrasonography is useful for evaluating the mammary parenchyma, however, its application as a standalone diagnostic technique is not recommended. ARFI elastography indicates potential cutoff points for differentiating subclinical mastitis from healed mastitis, highlighting its importance as a tool for distinguishing normal areas from fibrous parenchymal areas. While this study did not establish specific cutoff points due to sample size limitations, further research with larger sample sizes could explore and define these critical thresholds. (ARFI 2 Bmode B mode obtained rate shortlong short long 4 (CG somatic count 50 10 cls/mL clsmL cls mL 09336 0 9336 0.933 0233 233 0.233 respectively In gland (SWV p=0.04. p004 p=0.04 . 04 (p=0.04) p= 0,0007 00007 0007 0,0001. 00001 0,0001 0001 0,0001) p=0.001 p0001 001 (p=0.001 p=0.0001. p00001 p=0.0001 (p=0.0001) p=0.02 p002 02 (p=0.02 however recommended limitations thresholds 5 1 0933 933 0.93 023 23 0.23 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.04 0,000 0000 000 p=0.00 p000 00 (p=0.00 p0000 p=0.000 (p=0.0001 (p=0.0 093 93 0.9 0.2 p0 p=0. 0,00 (p=0.000 (p=0. 09 9 0. p=0 0,0 (p=0 0,

Abstract The work aims to analyze the associations of polymorphic variants of the PRL and BLG genes with resistance and susceptibility to mastitis in Holstein cows. The experimental study consisted of the selection of biomaterial samples from 250 heads of Holstein cows aged 3 years divided into two groups (healthy and with a confirmed diagnosis of mastitis). The determination of animal genotypes was carried out using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The study of the nature of the association of polymorphic variants of the PRL and BLG gene with resistance/increased risk of mastitis established a significant deviation from the theoretically expected distribution of bBLG-HaeIII genotypes in the group of animals suffering from mastitis (the value of χ2 was 0.24). The bBLG-HaeIIIBB genotype can act as a marker of an increased risk of developing mastitis in Holstein cows; its frequency in the group of sick animals exceeds the frequency in the control group by more than 2 times (44.0 compared to 17.0%, respectively). The bBLG-HaeIIIAB genotype is significantly associated with mastitis resistance in Holstein cows; its frequency is 2 times lower than in the control group (28.0 compared to 54.0%). 25 healthy mastitis. . mastitis) polymorphism resistanceincreased bBLGHaeIII bBLG HaeIII χ 0.24. 024 0.24 0 24 0.24) bBLGHaeIIIBB HaeIIIBB 44.0 440 44 (44. 170 17 17.0% respectively. respectively respectively) bBLGHaeIIIAB HaeIIIAB 28.0 280 28 (28. 54.0%. 540 54.0% 54 54.0%) 02 0.2 44. 4 (44 1 17.0 28. (28 54.0 5 0. (4 17. (2 54. (

Resumo O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as associações de variantes polimórficas dos genes PRL e BLG com resistência e suscetibilidade à mastite em vacas holandesas. O estudo experimental consistiu na seleção de amostras de biomateriais de 250 cabeças de vacas holandesas com 3 anos de idade divididas em dois grupos (saudáveis e com diagnóstico confirmado de mastite). A determinação dos genótipos dos animais foi realizada utilizando reação em cadeia da polimerase e polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição. O estudo da natureza da associação de variantes polimórficas do gene PRL e BLG com resistência/risco aumentado de mastite estabeleceu um desvio significativo da distribuição teoricamente esperada dos genótipos bBLG-HaeIII no grupo de animais que sofrem de mastite (o valor de χ2 foi 0,24). O genótipo bBLG-HaeIIIBB pode atuar como marcador de risco aumentado de desenvolvimento de mastite em vacas holandesas; sua frequência no grupo de animais doentes excede a frequência no grupo controle em mais de duas vezes (44,0% contra 17,0%, respectivamente). O genótipo bBLG-HaeIIIAB está significativamente associado à resistência à mastite em vacas holandesas; sua frequência é duas vezes menor que no grupo controle (28,0% contra 54,0%). 25 saudáveis mastite. . mastite) restrição resistênciarisco bBLGHaeIII bBLG HaeIII o χ 0,24. 024 0,24 0 24 0,24) bBLGHaeIIIBB HaeIIIBB 44,0% 440 44 (44,0 170 17 17,0% respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) bBLGHaeIIIAB HaeIIIAB 28,0% 280 28 (28,0 54,0%. 540 54,0% 54 54,0%) 2 02 0,2 44,0 4 (44, 1 17,0 28,0 (28, 54,0 5 0, 44, (44 17, 28, (28 54, (4 (2 (