Resumen Introducción: El tricoblastoma es una neoplasia que por su baja frecuencia no se sospecha clínicamente, pero que debe ser diferenciada de un carcinoma de células basales a través del estudio histopatológico. Objetivo: Reportar un tumor sumamente raro que se presenta en sitios donde es frecuente observar carcinomas basocelulares. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 34 años, quien mostraba un nódulo deconsistencia firme y bordes definidos en la región frontal derecha. En laevaluación histológica, se encontró un nódulo hipodérmico bien circunscrito,constituidopormasasynidosdecélulasbasaloidesgrandesconnúcleoovoideo y nucléolo visible con empalizada periférica y algunos folículos rudimentarios. Ante estos signos histopatológicos, se planteó el diagnóstico diferencial con carcinoma de células basales y tricogerminoma,yaqueestasneoplasiaspresentanelementos comunes. La inmunohistoquímica mostró que las células tumorales eran positivas en mayor o menor porcentaje parap63,p53,CK20,Bcl2yCD10. Conclusiones: Pensar en el diagnóstico de un tricoblastoma es un reto, ya que tiene características similares al carcinoma de células basales y a otros tumores benignos foliculares como el tricogerminoma. Por ello, es necesario interrelacionar los hallazgos histomorfológicos con los resultados inmunohistoquímicos.

Abstract Introduction : Trichoblastoma is a neoplasm that is not clinically suspected due to its low frequency but must be differentiated from basal cell carcinoma through histopathological study. Aim : To report an extremely rare tumor that occurs in places where it is common to see basal cell carcinomas. Clinical case : The case of a 34-year-old patient is presented, who showed a nodule of firm consistency and defined edges on the right side of the forehead. In the histological evaluation a well-circumscribed hypodermal nodule was found consisting of masses and nests of large basaloid cells with an ovoid nucleus and visible nucleolus with peripheral palisade and some rudimentary follicles. Given these findings, the differential diagnosis with basal cell carcinoma and trichogerminoma was raised, since these neoplasms have common elements. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells were positive in a higher or lesser percentage for: p63, p53, CK20, Bcl2 and CD10. Conclusions : Diagnosingatrichoblastoma is a challenge since it has characteristics similar to basal cell carcinoma and other benign follicular tumors such as trichogerminoma, so it is necessary to interrelate the histomorphological findings with the immunohistochemical results.

Resumo O nematoide-das-galhas Meloidogyne incognita está entre os fatores bióticos que afetaram enormemente a produção e a qualidade da cultura do tomate. O nematoide parasita de ovos, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Pl), é considerado um dos mais promissores agentes no controle e superação desse fitopatógeno. O efeito nematicida do isolado nativo Pl AUMC 10149 na sobrevivência de juvenis de segundo estágio e na eclosão dos ovos de M. incognita em diferentes momentos de exposição foi testado in vitro. Os dados obtidos mostraram que o Pl deu um percentual máximo de mortalidade de J2 (97.6%) e inibição da eclosão dos ovos (79.8%) após 72 horas de exposição. A potencialidade de Pl e de Bio-Nematon para controlar M. incognita infectando tomate foi conduzida em diferentes tempos de aplicação in vivo. Nove tratamentos com cinco repetições foram usados para tais bioagentes em comparação com o nematicida Oxamyl. Cada muda foi inoculada com 1.000 J2s de nematoide / vaso e 10 mL de Pl (1×1010 CFU/mL). Ou suspensão de esporos Bio-Nematon (1×108 CFU/mL) 10mL/pot. Os resultados indicaram que os tratamentos mais eficazes na redução da população de nematoides, número de galhas e desovas de M. incognita nas raízes das plantas foram realizados com Pl pré-plantio e pós-infecção com Pl (Rf 1.9), dando um aumento significativo no comprimento da planta (64.9%), massa fresca (72.52%) e massa seca da parte aérea (163.41%) sem impactar negativamente o meio ambiente. Portanto, o presente estudo confirmou que o uso de P. lilacinum AUMC 10149 pode ser usado como um suplemento prático para o manejo ecologicamente correto de nematoides-das-galhas no Egito.

Abstract Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is among the biotic factors which has greatly affected both the yield and the quality of the tomato crop. The egg parasitic nematode, Purpureocillium lilacinum (Pl) is considered as one of the most promising agents in controlling and overcoming this plant pathogen. The nematicidal effect of the native isolate Pl AUMC 10149 on second stage juvenile’s survival and egg hatching of M. incognita at different times of exposure was tested in vitro. The obtained data showed that Pl gave a maximum percentage of J2 mortality (97.6%) and egg hatching inhibition (79.8%) after 72 hours of exposure. The potentiality of Pl as well as Bio-Nematon to control M. incognita infecting tomato was conducted using different times of application in vivo. Nine treatments with five replicates were used for such bioagents compared with the nematicide Oxamyl. Each seedling was inoculated with 1000 J2s of nematode/pot and 10 mL of Pl (1x1010 CFU/mL) or Bio-Nematon spore suspension (1x108 CFU/mL) 10mL/pot. The results indicated that the most effective treatments in reducing nematode population, number of galls and egg masses of M. incognita in plant roots was performed with treatment by Pl pre-planting and post-infection with Pl (Rf 1.9) giving a significant enhancement in plant length (64.9%), fresh weight (72.52%) and shoot dry weight (163.41%) without negatively impacting environment. Therefore, the present study confirmed that using P. lilacinum AUMC 10149 can be used as a practical supplement to environmentally friendly disease management of root-knot nematodes in Egypt.

Resumo Os aspectos de bioecologia e infestação de Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em plantas são pouco conhecidos. Esse inseto se alimentou das folhas de beldroega comum, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) por dois anos consecutivos, o que desencadeou seu estudo nos cinco anos seguintes em Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a bioecologia e os aspectos da infestação de N. platensis em plantas de P. oleracea em campo e laboratório. A duração média (± DP) dos estágios de ovo, larva e pupa foi de 3,6 ± 0,89, 11,5 ± 2,81 e 10,7 ± 1,97 dias, respectivamente. Os números médios de posturas e ovos por fêmea (± DP) foram de 3,8 ± 1,16 e 891,6 ± 116,83, respectivamente. A porcentagem de plantas infestadas foi de 59, 74, 0, 78 e 75% e os números médios de larvas por planta (± DP) variaram de 0,7 ± 0,45 a 1,6 ± 0,49 indivíduos, respectivamente de 2015 a 2019. Larvas de N. platensis infestaram plantas de P. oleracea em quatro dos cinco anos avaliados.

Abstract The bioecology and infestation aspects of Neotuerta platensis Berg, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on plants are poorly known. This insect fed on the leaves of common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) for two consecutive years, which triggered its study in the following five years in Januária, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the bioecology and infestation aspects of N. platensis on P. oleracea plants in the field and laboratory. The mean duration (± SD) of the egg, larva and pupa stages was 3.6 ± 0.89, 11.5 ± 2.81 and 10.7 ± 1.97 days, respectively. The mean numbers of egg masses and eggs per female (± SD) were 3.8 ± 1.16 and 891.6 ± 116.83, respectively. The percentage of infested plants was 59, 74, 0, 78 and 75% and the mean numbers of larvae per plant (± SD) ranged from 0.7 ± 0.45 to 1.6 ± 0.49 individuals, respectively from 2015 to 2019. Neotuerta platensis larvae infested P. oleracea plants in four out of five years evaluated.

RESUMEN Introducción: Un bocio se considera intratorácico cuando más de un 50 % de la glándula tiroides está en el mediastino, o sea, por debajo del nivel del estrecho torácico superior. Se trata de una enfermedad poco frecuente que padece aproximadamente el 3 % de los pobladores del mundo. La incidencia del bocio nodular ha disminuido debido a la ingestión en algunos países de sal yodada y alimentos ricos en yodo. Esta enfermedad alcanza alrededor del 10 % de las masas mediastínicas. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente masculino, operado de bocio endotorácico en la provincia de Cienfuegos. Presentación de caso: Se presenta un paciente masculino, de 48 años de edad, que acude a consulta y refiere aumento de volumen del cuello en la región anterior, que se acompaña de decaimiento y en ocasiones disfagia tanto a los alimentos líquidos como a los sólidos. Además, refiere ligera disnea que tolera adecuadamente cuando realiza las actividades de la vida diaria. Por tratarse de una enfermedad poco frecuente, se considera de interés científico publicar el caso para conocimiento de los profesionales dedicados al estudio y tratamiento de las afecciones tiroideas. Conclusiones: El bocio endotorácico es una entidad poco frecuente y en todos los casos requiere de intervención quirúrgica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A goiter is considered intrathoracic when more than 50 % of the thyroid gland is in the mediastinum; in other words, below the level of the superior thoracic outlet. It is a rare disease that affects approximately 3 % of the world’s population. The incidence of nodular goiter has decreased due to the ingestion of iodized salt and iodine-rich foods in some countries. This disease accounts for about 10 % of mediastinal masses. Objective: To present the case of a male patient operated on for endothoracic goiter in the province of Cienfuegos. Case presentation: The case is presented of a 48-year-old male patient who comes for consultation referring a volume increase in the anterior neck region, accompanied by decay and sometimes dysphagia to both liquid and solid food. In addition, he reports slight dyspnea that he tolerates adequately when performing daily living activities. Since this is a rare disease, it is considered of scientific interest to publish the case for the knowledge of professionals dedicated to studying and treating thyroid disorders. Conclusions: Endothoracic goiter is a rare entity and, in all cases, requires surgical intervention.

Resumen: El desarrollo del arte de la ópera china en la época moderna ha cambiado mucho con el tiempo. Explicar la esencia del arte de la ópera china y la música vocal desde la teoría de la hermenéutica y la estética de la recepción occidental moderna es beneficioso para ordenar el contexto y las características de desarrollo de la ópera china en diferentes momentos. Al mismo tiempo, proporcionar un método de análisis sistemático para la estética moderna de la ópera y la música vocal promueve el desarrollo estético del arte y contribuye a la innovación de la forma y la refinación técnica del arte de la ópera y la música vocal nacional. La investigación comienza con el análisis teórico de la hermenéutica y la estética de la recepción y verifica y explora la historia de desarrollo de la ópera china. El análisis de la esencia artística de la ópera y la música vocal se resumirá principalmente desde la perspectiva del objeto del texto operístico y el sujeto del público estético. El propósito de esta investigación es explicar las características esenciales del arte de la ópera y la música vocal desde la relación entre el sujeto y el objeto. Además, tiene como objetivo examinar la relación entre el comportamiento de comprensión de las masas y el comportamiento de resumen de los creadores y artistas para el arte de la ópera y la música vocal. Resumen tiempo momentos nacional Además

Abstract: The development of Chinese opera art, in modern times, has greatly changed with the times. Explaining the essence of Chinese opera and vocal music art from the Western modern hermeneutics and reception aesthetics theory is conducive to sorting out the development context and characteristics of Chinese opera in different times. At the same time, providing a systematic analysis method for modern opera and vocal music aesthetics promotes the aesthetic development of the art and contributes to the form innovation and technical refinement of domestic opera and vocal music art. The research starts with the theoretical analysis of hermeneutics and reception aesthetics and verifies and explores the development history of Chinese opera. The analysis of the artistic essence of opera and vocal music will be summarized mainly from the perspective of the object of the opera text and the subject of the aesthetic audience. The purpose of this research is to explain the essential characteristics of opera and vocal music art from the relationship between the subject and the object. Besides, it aims to examine the relationship between the understanding behavior of the masses and the creators and performers’ summary behavior for opera and vocal music art. Abstract times time audience Besides performers

Resumen Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 35 años, are nador durante ocho años, con diagnóstico reciente de tuberculosis pulmonar y esclerosis sistémica, que ingre só por cuadro de disnea y mal estado general. Se realizó radiografía de tórax donde se evidenció neumotórax grado I, en la tomografía de tórax, también presentó masas hiperdensas confluyentes, asociadas a un patrón de neumonía intersticial no especifica (NSIP), hallazgos compatibles con silicosis pulmonar complicada. Debi do al avanzado estadio clínico, no pudieron realizarse estudios diagnósticos invasivos ni estudios de función pulmonar. Como tratamiento inicial se colocó un tubo de avenamiento pleural, se realizó tratamiento antifímico y se indicó oxigenoterapia crónica domiciliaria. Se remitió al paciente a consultorios de enfermedades intersticia les y reumatología para un manejo multidisciplinario, aunque el cuadro infeccioso contraindicó la posibilidad de un tratamiento inmunosupresor. Finalmente, el pa ciente falleció bajo cuidados paliativos. La inhalación de sílice es la causa de la silicosis, pero también está implicada en el desarrollo de la esclerosis sistémica (síndrome de Erasmus) y aunque comparten un factor de riesgo común, es raro encontrar ambas enfermedades coexistiendo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven donde ambas condiciones se presentaron de manera agresiva, con el objetivo de remarcar la importancia de la búsqueda activa de las enfermedades por exposición y sus condiciones asociadas.

Abstract We present the case of a 35-year-old male patient, sandblaster for eight years, recently diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and systemic sclerosis, who was admitted with dyspnea and poor general condition. Chest X-ray showed a grade I pneumothorax, and on the chest tomography he presented confluent hyperdense masses associated with a pattern of non- specific in terstitial pneumonia (NSIP), findings compatible with complicated silicosis. Due to the advanced clinical stage, neither invasive diagnostic test nor pulmonary func tion test could be performed. Initial treatment included placement of a pleural drainage tube, antituberculosis treatment and chronic home oxygen. The patient was referred to the interstitial disease and rheumatology de partments for multidisciplinary management, although the infectious condition contraindicated the possibility of immunosuppressive treatment. The patient eventu ally died under palliative care. Silica inhalation is the cause of silicosis, but it is also implicated in the devel opment of systemic sclerosis (Erasmus syndrome) and although they share a common risk factor, it is rare to find both diseases coexisting. We present the case of a young patient in whom both diseases presented aggres sively, with the aim of highlighting the importance of actively searching for expositional diseases and associ ated conditions.

ABSTRACT Conjunctival leiomyosarcoma is a very rare soft tissue malignancy. Herein, we describe a conjunctival leiomyosarcoma case in a patient with another rare disease, xeroderma pigmentosum. The 27-year-old single-eyed xeroderma pigmentosum patient complained of exophytic mass covering the ocular surface in her left eye. A vascular, hemorrhagic mass covering the entire ocular surface of the left eye was identified on the examination. Thus, total mass excision surgery was performed. The pathological diagnosis was compatible with conjunctival leiomyosarcoma. Additional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery were not accepted by the patient. No recurrence or metastasis was observed during the 5-year follow-up. Both primary conjunctival leiomyosarcoma and xeroderma pigmentosum are very rare diseases. Conjunctival masses in xeroderma pigmentosum patients should be approached carefully, and histopathological examination is warranted. For conjunctival leiomyosarcoma, early diagnosis, localized, unspread disease, and complete resection provide the best prognosis.

RESUMO O leiomiossarcoma da conjuntiva é um tumor maligno de tecidos moles muito raro. Aqui é descrito um caso de leiomiossarcoma da conjuntiva em um paciente com xeroderma pigmentoso, que também é uma doença rara. Um paciente de 27 anos de idade com xeroderma pigmentoso de olho único queixou-se de uma massa exofítica cobrindo a superfície ocular do olho esquerdo. Ao exame, foi observada uma massa vascular hemorrágica cobrindo toda a superfície ocular do olho esquerdo. Foi realizada uma cirurgia de excisão total dessa massa. O diagnóstico patológico foi compatível com leiomiossarcoma da conjuntiva. O paciente recusou qualquer quimioterapia, radioterapia ou cirurgia adicional. Nenhuma recidiva ou metástase foi observada durante o acompanhamento de 5 anos. Tanto o leiomiossarcoma primário da conjuntiva quanto o xeroderma pigmentoso são doenças muito raras. Massas conjuntivais em pacientes com xeroderma pigmentoso devem ser abordadas com cuidado e deve-se realizar um exame histopatológico. Para o leiomiossarcoma conjuntival, o diagnóstico precoce, uma doença localizada e não disseminada e a ressecção completa proporcionam o melhor prognóstico.

The trajectory from the clinical identification of a benign liver mass to establishing a precise diagnosis is perplexing and arduous. Related contributory factors are that such lesions are encountered infrequently and that there is a nonavailability of dedicated paediatric radiologists in the developing world. The objective of this study was to review the spectrum of benign liver lesions in children and their typical imaging features. Cross-sectional imaging of all paediatric patients (< 18 years) with liver lesions (single and multiple) performed in the institute from 01 January 2018 to 01 January 2019 as well as those acquired at outside institutions and referred to the institute for management was included. Ultrasound was done as the first line of investigation in all the cases with suspicious liver masses and retrospectively performed in referral cases in whom CT or MRI was already done. Images were analysed by two senior radiologists. Most of the cases were diagnosed based on clinical, biochemical and imaging findings, and biopsy was only performed in equivocal cases. Most of the benign liver lesions in the paediatric age group were hepatic haemangioma and mesenchymal hamartomas. A simplified clinical-radiologic paradigm should be established for benign liver lesions in children to assist in reaching the correct diagnosis. CONTRIBUTION: The article demonstrates the salient radiological findings of various benign liver lesions in the paediatric age group and the role of demographic, clinical and biochemical findings, which plays a substantial role in the diagnosis and avoids unnecessary biopsies.

Resumen: Los leiomiomas son masas de células musculares lisas bien diferenciadas que generalmente se desarrollan en los sistemas gastrointestinal, genitourinario y hepatobiliar y pueden encontrarse debajo de la mucosa intacta. Este reporte describe un caso de leiomioma intestinal en una cotorrita australiana (Melopsittacus undulatus) en cautiverio, diagnosticado post mortem mediante histopatología utilizando tinción con hematoxilina-eosina. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer reporte de leiomioma intestinal en una cotorrita australiana.

Abstract: Leiomyomas are masses of well-differentiated smooth muscle cells that generally develop throughout the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and hepatobiliary systems, and may be found beneath intact mucosa. This report describes a case of intestinal leiomyoma in a captive Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) diagnosed post-mortem through histopathology using hematoxylin-eosin staining. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of intestinal leiomyoma in a Budgerigar.

Resumo: Os leiomiomas são massas de células musculares lisas bem diferenciadas que geralmente se desenvolvem ao longo dos sistemas gastrointestinal, geniturinário e hepatobiliar, e podem ser encontrados abaixo da mucosa intacta. Este relato descreve um caso de leiomioma intestinal em um periquito-australiano (Melopsittacus undulatus) em cativeiro, diagnosticado post mortem através de histopatologia usando coloração de hematoxilina-eosina. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro relato de leiomioma intestinal em um periquito-australiano.

The aim of this article is to point out that Black Consciousness and Black Theology are conceptually and philosophically comrades in arms, fighting side-by-side for the liberation of the oppressed masses, especially the black people emerging from apartheid South Africa. Through the literature review, the two philosophical disciplines are historically sketched, defined, and compared. The Setswana idiom, Di ya thoteng di bapile (comradeship), like many African proverbs and idioms, is philosophically employed as a way of decolonising theology. The idiom is used to demonstrate the symbiotic relationship between Black Consciousness and Black Theology in fighting against structural injustices in societies. Historical evolvement of the two disciplines is narratively presented to demonstrate how the two philosophies can continue to fight together towards the liberation of the marginalised masses in post-apartheid South Africa. The article concludes by sketching some strategic initiatives that can be undertaken to create the space for these two disciplines to symbiotically lead to the liberation of people living under the new form of political, cultural and socio-economic marginalisations. The strategic initiatives include the enhancement of self-reliance, prophetic role, and dialogical processes that lead to emancipation of those who sense self-pity, dependency syndrome, and loss of sense of quality life. These initiatives can be achieved through symbiotic cooperation of Black Consciousness and Black Theology, eventually leading to human liberation from any form of oppression. CONTRIBUTION: There is a symbiotic cooperation of Black Consciousness and Black Theology, eventually leading to human liberation from any form of oppression

Addressing a myriad of complex social, economic and political issues in the South African context requires that we draw from a variety of voices. This postcolonial reflection draws on the work of Vuyani Vellem's African spirituality to highlight how it can help Africans conceptualise race epistemologically. The contribution emerged out of an article presented at a conference themed 'unthinking West. The article employed the concepts of liminality and threshold to discuss the ambivalence encountered by Vuyani Vellem and highlights how his theological convictions still present unsettling ideological aftershocks within the unjust structures of society. CONTRIBUTION: This contribution is a black liberation theological reflection, which laments how Vellem did not live to witness the full realisation of his dreams regarding the liberation of the black masses. The article identifies racial discrimination and misconceptions on African spirituality as some examples of the 'unsettling aftershocks' regarding challenges, which Vellem confronted within the unjust structures of South African society.

Maldonado Bay is situated on the northeastern shore of the River Plate estuary. Some hydrological and biological characteristics of the area were investigated during a complete year. The survey encompassed the characterization and circulation of main water masses in the bay, water quality, zooplankton composition and dynamics, and settlement and growth of the mussel Mytilus. The sample strategy was designed to cope with the high spatial and temporal variability of the estuary.

Abstract Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a transmissible pulmonary malignancy of sheep caused by a beta-retrovirus currently named Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). Club cells (formerly Clara cells) in the bronchiole and type II pneumonocytes in the alveoli are the target oncogenic cells for this virus. Characterized clinically by intermittent cough, abundant nasal discharge, and progressive weight loss, the tumors randomly involve all lung lobes or have a cranioventral distribution mimicking bronchopneumonia. The definitive diagnosis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma requires identifying Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus or associated specific proteins in neoplastic cells such as JSRV-Env oncogenic protein. A two-year-old Male Pelibuey sheep with a history of chronic cough and progressive weight loss was treated unsuccessfully with antibiotics and died a few days later. Postmortem examination revealed lung edema and several nodular to locally extensive masses in the lungs. Microscopically the tumoral tissues were composed of clusters of neoplastic epithelial cells exhibiting a lepidic growth pattern typical of pulmonary carcinoma. Tumoral cells were immunopositive for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus-Env oncogenic protein. Based on these findings, the final diagnosis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma was made.

Resumen El adenocarcinoma pulmonar ovino es una neoplasia pulmonar transmisible del ganado ovino causada por un beta retrovirus actualmente denominado retrovirus Jaagsiekte de las ovejas (JSRV). Las células Club (anteriormente llamadas células de Clara) de los bronquiolos y los neumocitos de tipo II de los alvéolos son las células oncogénicas que constituyen el objetivo de este virus. Se caracteriza clínicamente por tos intermitente, secreción nasal abundante y pérdida de peso progresiva, los tumores afectan aleatoriamente a todos los lóbulos pulmonares o tienen una distribución cráneo-ventral que simula una bronconeumonía. El diagnóstico definitivo del adenocarcinoma pulmonar ovino requiere que se identifique el retrovirus Jaagsiekte de las ovejas RVJO-Env, o bien, la presencia de proteínas específicas asociadas en las células neoplásicas, tales como la proteína oncogénica JSRV-Env. Un ovino Pelibuey macho de dos años con un historial de tos crónica y pérdida de peso progresiva fue tratado sin éxito con antibióticos y murió unos días más tarde. El examen post mortem reveló edema pulmonar y varias masas nodulares localmente extensas en los pulmones. A nivel microscópico, los tejidos tumorales estaban compuestos por grupos de células epiteliales neoplásicas que mostraban un patrón de crecimiento lepídico típico del carcinoma pulmonar. Las células tumorales fueron inmunopositivas para la proteína oncogénica Env del retrovirus Jaagsiekte de la oveja. Con base en estos hallazgos, se hizo el diagnóstico final de adenocarcinoma pulmonar ovino.

Resumen En perros, cuando se observa una masa en la vejiga a través del uso de ultrasonografía, el diagnóstico presuntivo es de un tumor maligno. En humanos, es común la presencia de coágulos por causas de hematuria no controlada. El caso clínico se trata de un perro macho de raza mixta de 7 años de edad, con antecedentes clínicos de hematuria 6 meses y presencia de garrapatas. Estudios ecográficos de vejiga se realizaron durante un mes. Los estudios mostraron una masa en el trígono vesical, que cubría el 80 % del lumen vesical sin sombra acústica. Se realizó una cistotomía y se encontró una masa ovalada, con bordes irregulares y aspecto de sangre coagulada, que no estaba adherida al tejido vesical. El diagnóstico histológico mostró que la masa mostraba eritrocitos y células inflamatorias polimorfonucleares: neutrófilos y células mononucleares como macrófagos, mezclados con moderados hilos de fibrina compatibles con un coágulo vesical. Por lo tanto, el diagnóstico fue una masa benigna y no un carcinoma de células transicionales como suele ser habitual. No necesariamente las masas encontradas en vejiga son una proliferación neoplásica.

Abstract In canines, when a mass in the bladder is observed by ultrasonography, a malignant tumor is a presumptive diagnosis. In humans, it is common in the presence of clots due to uncontrolled hematuria. We describe the case of a 7-year-old male mixed breed dog, with a clinical history of hematuria 6 months and presence of ticks. Ultrasound studies of the bladder were performed for one month. The evaluations showed a mass in the bladder trigone, covering 80% of the bladder lumen without acoustic shadow, and then a cystectomy was performed. An oval mass was found with irregular borders and clotted blood appearance, with not adherent to the bladder tissue. The histological diagnosis of the mass showed erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells: neutrophils and mononuclear cells such as macrophages, mixed with moderate fibrin threads compatible with a bladder clot. Therefore, the diagnosis was a benign mass and not a transitional cell carcinoma as usual. Masses found in the bladder are not necessarily a neoplastic proliferation.

Abstract Among several works, constructions in rock masses are the most complex in engineering, due to many uncertainties of the environment. Tunnel construction is a case in point. A common problem found in tunnel excavations with the use of explosives is the occurrence of overbreak beyond the boundary line of the tunnel. Many researchers worldwide have proposed forecasting techniques based on the use of regression models or machine learning, however, these require many samples and variables, such as the explosive rate and rock mass. Predicting overbreak before blasting is essential in project management, as it can modify parameters of the blasting plan, design, schedule and employee safety. Therefore, this study sought to employ an exponential smoothing model, which could predict the percentage (%) of overbreak in a tunnel section, based solely on the previous overbreak values. This time series methodology has never been used before in tunnel excavations, although it is used in the financial market. The technique was tested in one Brazilian tunnel. The model proved to be very efficient in predicting overbreak in tunnel construction, since it can be adjusted at each advance. The model can be adjusted as a function of α: where α is close to zero, the model prioritizes past events, while for α close to 1, it prioritizes recent events. The best fit occurred with α = 0.9; 0<α<1.