La comprensión de las prácticas de movilidad de mujeres agricultoras en función de la comercialización de sus productos resulta de suma importancia para identificar sus necesidades y desafíos como grupo social vulnerable. La investigación analizó las prácticas de movilidad y comercialización que utilizan las mujeres agricultoras de la parroquia rural Sinincay, del cantón Cuenca, Ecuador. Mediante la asunción de una metodología mixta de carácter transversal, se aplicaron encuestas para la recolección de información. Los resultados revelaron que las oportunidades para comercializar productos se concentran en el área urbana. El 57.7 de las mujeres comercializa sus productos en lugares no aptos para ello, principalmente en la vía pública, cerca de mercados y plazas. El 72.3 %, al no disponer de vehículo propio dependen de otros medios de transporte, situación que incide en la inversión de tiempo y costo de los desplazamientos. Además, el 93.8 % no forma parte de ninguna organización, lo que conlleva a la realización de la mayoría de viajes de forma individual. Estos hallazgos constituyen un insumo importante para que los organismos pertinentes generen acciones para mejorar la situación de este importante grupo poblacional.

Compreender as práticas de mobilidade das mulheres agricultoras com base na comercialização dos seus produtos é de extrema importância para identificar as suas necessidades e desafios como grupo social vulnerável. A pesquisa analisou as práticas de mobilidade e marketing utilizadas pelas mulheres agricultoras na freguesia rural de Sinincay, no cantão de Cuenca, Equador. Assumindo uma metodologia transversal mista, foram aplicados inquéritos para recolha de informação. Os resultados revelaram que as oportunidades de comercialização dos produtos estão concentradas na zona urbana. 57,7% das mulheres vendem seus produtos em locais não adequados para isso, principalmente na via pública, próximo a mercados e praças. 72,3%, por não possuírem veículo próprio, dependem de outros meios de transporte, situação que afeta o investimento de tempo e custo da viagem. Além disso, 93,8% não fazem parte de nenhuma organização, o que faz com que a maioria das viagens seja feita individualmente. Estas conclusões constituem um contributo importante para que as organizações relevantes possam gerar ações para melhorar a situação deste importante grupo populacional.

Understanding women farmers' mobility practices in marketing their products is of utmost importance in identifying their needs and challenges as a vulnerable social group. The research analyzed the mobility and marketing practices used by women farmers in the rural parish of Sinincay in the canton of Cuenca, Ecuador. Using a mixed methodology of a cross-sectional nature, surveys were applied to collect information. The results revealed that the opportunities for marketing products are concentrated in the urban area. A total of 57.7% of the women market their products in places not suitable for this purpose, mainly on public roads, near markets and squares. Since 72.3 % do not have their own vehicle, they depend on other means of transportation, a situation that affects the investment of time and the cost of travel. In addition, 93.8% do not belong to any organization, which means that most trips are made individually. These findings constitute an essential input for the relevant agencies to generate actions to improve the situation of this important population group.

PURPOSE: Ambidextrous SME innovations and technology models have led to success stories in the past. They face new challenges due to increasing uncertainty in the business environment. Purpose: The study reviews ambidexterity literature to determine trends and themes existing in the body of literature on ambidexterity. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study employed a bibliometric and Vosviewer analysis of 1808 articles published on Scopus database from 1999-2022. The study used several indicators including data overview (scientific production in the area and three field-plot), conceptual structure (co-occurrence network, thematic map, and evolution), keyword analysis, and thematic mapping. FINDINGS/RESULTS: The analysis indicated five main themes on which the ambidexterity literature focuses. The results revealed that the key themes in ambidexterity literature are continuous innovation, knowledge management, dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial and market orientation, enterprise resource management (ERM), and business performance. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The review highlighted that SMEs struggle more in dynamic business environments. Business changes in recent years have proved the importance of innovation, ERM, knowledge management, and dynamic capabilities as beneficial factors for achieving enhanced performance. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The analysis reveals several links in literature and valuable insights into possible models that can be scaled up and replicated across different industries. Themes in the domain mainly focussed on knowledge management, firm performance, digital transformation, open innovation, dynamic capabilities as well as entrepreneurial and marketing orientation The proposed business model can assist SMEs owners and managers in swiftly adapting to unpredictability in the changing business climate caused by the recent pattern of events.

ABSTRACT The article examines the importance of electronic marketing for Paraguayan SMEs, the challenges they face, the successful strategies, and the recommendations provided by 50 business leaders. A qualitative methodology was used, which included interviews with business leaders in Paraguay. The findings revealed that e-marketing is critical to the success and survival of SMEs in today's business environment. In addition, key challenges were identified, such as a lack of knowledge and experience in digital marketing, the allocation of limited financial resources, and a lack of trained personnel. Successful strategies included search engine optimization, social media management, content marketing, and email. It is concluded that this information provides a solid foundation for Paraguayan SMEs to adopt effective electronic marketing strategies and adapt to the characteristics of the Paraguayan market.

RESUMEN El artículo examina la importancia de la mercadotecnia electrónica para las PYMES paraguayas, los desafíos que enfrentan, las estrategias exitosas y las recomendaciones proporcionadas por los 50 líderes empresariales. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa, que incluyó entrevistas a líderes empresariales en Paraguay. Los hallazgos revelaron que la mercadotecnia electrónica es fundamental para el éxito y la supervivencia de las PYMES en el entorno empresarial actual. Además, se identificaron desafíos clave, como la falta de conocimiento y experiencia en marketing digital, la asignación de recursos financieros limitados y la falta de personal capacitado. Las estrategias exitosas incluyeron la optimización de motores de búsqueda, la gestión de redes sociales, el marketing de contenidos y el correo electrónico. Se concluye que con esta información proporciona una base sólida para que las PYMES paraguayas adopten estrategias de mercadotecnia electrónica efectivas y se adapten a las características del mercado paraguayo.

Resumen Introducción. Los insectos comestibles se presentan como una fuente alternativa de proteína generada con prácticas de producción sostenibles con el medio ambiente y de alto valor nutricional. La producción de alimentos con insectos ha aumentado en los últimos años a nivel mundial y se estima que continuará en crecimiento. Costa Rica cuenta con un pequeño número de productores de insectos comestibles, lo que ha conllevado un creciente interés de la academia y entidades estatales por fomentar el sector. Objetivo. Presentar el mercado actual, las oportunidades, los retos y las perspectivas de la producción, procesamiento y comercialización de insectos comestibles a nivel internacional y en Costa Rica. Desarrollo. Se describe el mercado actual de los insectos comestibles a nivel mundial, los principales retos y oportunidades de su producción, procesamiento y comercialización, así como el desarrollo del sector en Costa Rica. Conclusión. A nivel mundial, los principales retos relacionados con la producción de alimentos con insectos son la baja aceptación del consumidor, la falta de tecnologías de producción de insectos y un deficiente marco regulatorio. En Costa Rica, debido a los esfuerzos conjuntos de la academia, el sector público y privado, existe un marco regulatorio base que permite la producción de tres especies de insectos para consumo humano. Los costarricenses tienen la disposición de incluir los insectos en su dieta, pero aún es necesario desarrollar mejores métodos de producción para facilitar el crecimiento del sector.

Abstract Introduction. Edible insects emerge as an alternative source of protein generated with environmentally sustainable production practices and high nutritional value. The production of insect-based food products has increased globally in recent years and it is expected to continue growing. Costa Rica has a small number of edible insect producers, which has led to growing interest from academia and government entities in promoting the sector. Objective. To present the current market, opportunities, challenges, and perspectives of edible insect production, processing, and marketing internationally and in Costa Rica. Development. The current global market for edible insects is described, the main challenges, and opportunities in their production, processing, and marketing, as well as the sector's development in Costa Rica. Conclusion. Globally, key challenges in edible insect production include low consumer acceptance, lack of insect production technologies, and inadequate regulatory framework. In Costa Rica, collaborative efforts from academia, the public, and private sectors have established a basic regulatory framework allowing the production of three insect species for human consumption. Costa Ricans are willing to include insects in their diet, but there is still a need to develop better production methods to facilitate the sector growth.

This research aimed to examine the quandaries of contract cheating faced by higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa. Based on a desktop study utilizing unobtrusive research methods such as documentary analysis and conceptual analysis of authoritative sources to conceptualise and provide context to contract cheating, the data drew secondary data from published journal articles. Findings demonstrated that the key quandaries of contract cheating are attributed to limited awareness of the concept, the undetectable nature of the action, the lack of law (lacuna) from the national point of view, gaps in existing institutional policies on misconduct, ambiguity in the conceptualisation, and expansion in the availability of this practice as evident in the increase use of custom essay websites, essay mills and file-sharing sites across the globe. To address these challenges, South African HEIs need to acknowledge that contract cheating is a problem which exists in institutions. Therefore, South African HEIs must revisit institutional policies on intellectual integrity and include a delineation of contract cheating, making a clear distinction between plagiarism and collusion. Additionally, South African HEIs must raise awareness of contract cheating amongst their students, invest in software that detects authenticity, such as Authorship Investigate, AI-Emma or Ouriginal, and design student-support-intervention marketing strategies to deter students from turning to contract cheating websites. (HEIs Africa articles concept action lacuna (lacuna view misconduct conceptualisation websites filesharing file sharing globe challenges Therefore collusion Additionally authenticity Investigate AIEmma AI Emma Ouriginal studentsupportintervention student support intervention

ABSTRACT The capacity to obtain market insights is a strategic need for companies to remain competitive. Despite this and the massive volume of data generated by consumers every second, companies rarely have the culture of making marketing decisions based on data and, when they do, rarely use consumer data widely available online, especially on social networks. One reason is that these data (e.g. texts) tend to be “dirty”, disorganized and bulky, a so-called unstructured data. The purpose of this article is to discuss the benefits of new types of data that have become more abundant and accessible in Web 3.0 through popular social networks, as well as new methods of analysis, particularly learning methods for prediction. For this, an extensive literature review was carried out and a topic modeling was conducted to get an overview of the data and methods. At the end, the article suggests six main marketing challenges that unstructured data analytics can contribute to overcome, improving companies’ competitiveness.

RESUMEN La capacidad de obtener información sobre el mercado es una necesidad estratégica para que las empresas sigan siendo competitivas. A pesar de esto y del enorme volumen de datos que generan los consumidores cada segundo, las empresas rara vez tienen la cultura de tomar decisiones de marketing basadas en datos y, cuando lo hacen, rara vez utilizan datos de consumidores ampliamente disponibles en línea, especialmente en las redes sociales. Una razón es que estos datos (por ejemplo, textos) tienden a ser "sucios", desorganizados y voluminosos, los llamados datos no estructurados. A pesar de la complejidad que implica extraer valor informativo de estos datos, las empresas pueden obtener conocimientos que pueden mejorar la toma de decisiones y dar como resultado un mayor rendimiento competitivo. El propósito de este artículo es discutir los beneficios de los nuevos tipos de datos que se han vuelto más abundantes y accesibles en la Web 3.0, a través de redes sociales populares, así como los nuevos métodos de análisis, particularmente los métodos de aprendizaje. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una extensa revisión de la literatura y se realizó un modelado de temas para obtener una visión general de los datos y métodos. Al final, el artículo sugiere seis desafíos principales de marketing a los que puede contribuir el análisis de datos no estructurados, mejorando la competitividad de las empresas.

RESUMO A capacidade de obter insights de mercado é uma necessidade estratégica para que as empresas se mantenham competitivas. Apesar disso e do enorme volume de dados gerados pelos consumidores a cada segundo, as empresas raramente têm a cultura de tomar decisões de marketing com base em dados e, quando o fazem, raramente usam os dados do consumidor amplamente disponíveis online, especialmente nas redes sociais. Uma razão é que esses dados (por exemplo, textos) tendem a ser “sujos”, desorganizados e volumosos, os chamados dados não estruturados. Apesar da complexidade envolvida na extração de valor informativo desses dados, as empresas podem obter insights que podem melhorar a tomada de decisões e resultar em maior desempenho competitivo. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os benefícios de novos tipos de dados que se tornaram mais abundantes e acessíveis na Web 3.0, através das populares redes sociais, bem como novos métodos de análise, particularmente métodos de aprendizagem. Para isso, foi realizada uma extensa revisão da literatura e uma modelagem de tópicos para obter uma visão geral dos dados e métodos. No final, o artigo sugere seis desafios principais de marketing com os quais a análise de dados não estruturados pode contribuir, melhorando a competitividade das empresas.

Durante la pandemia, la educación tuvo que adaptarse a la virtualidad, generando desafíos en la enseñanza universitaria de la investigación. Con el fin de sistematizar las experiencias virtuales en la elaboración de proyectos de investigación en una Escuela de Marketing de una universidad pública de Perú, se utilizó el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico para buscar los significados de sus vivencias. Estudiantes de grado y docentes que participaron encontraron que la educación virtual presentó aspectos negativos en la interacción entre tesistas y docentes, pero, a su vez, incentivó al docente a ser autodidacta en la temática y en el manejo de la plataforma virtual. En el desarrollo del proyecto de tesis, tanto el rol del docente en su orientación específica como los asesores delegados por los docentes fueron claves. Además, se utilizó una enseñanza basada en un proceso sistemático, de avance por capítulos que comprenden la tesis

ABSTRACT During the pandemic, education had to adapt to virtuality, generating challenges in the university teaching of research. In order to systematize virtual experiences in the development of research projects in a Marketing School of a public university in Peru, the phenomenological-hermeneutic method was used to search for the meanings of their experiences. Undergraduate students and teachers who participated found that virtual education presented negative aspects in the interaction between thesis students and teachers, but, at the same time, it encouraged the teacher to be self-taught in the subject and in the management of the virtual platform. In the development of the thesis project, both the role of the teacher in his or her specific orientation and the advisors delegated by the teachers were key. In addition, teaching was based on a systematic process, advancing by chapters that comprise the thesis.

Resumo As mudanças globais na economia e a “nova normalidade” como um modo de vida diário significam que o conceito de Imagem está mudando para encontrar um novo local que nos permita responder às novas variáveis que cada pessoa enfrenta. A percepção do tempo, distância sem distância, a virtualidade da imagem define uma nova maneira de significar o conceito de imagem. Sem dúvida, isso também afeta não apenas a percepção, mas a maneira de estruturar o ensino de aspectos como a Cor, quando se acreditava que era impossível ensiná-lo ou diagnosticá-lo com virtualmente a mesma qualidade com que as técnicas são aplicadas pessoalmente. Todas essas variáveis compõem um novo paradigma que marca uma nova direção dentro da linha de pesquisa conceitual em 360º Imagem que começamos a desenvolver em 2019 Diversos autores e especialistas em imagem de países de culturas e costumes tão diferentes quanto Índia, Áustria, México, Brasil e a Argentina compartilham nesta nova edição da UP Academic Cuadernos os novos desafios que têm 2020 como ponto de partida, para que possamos repensar a Imagem conceitualmente neste contexto com um final aberto.

Resumen Los cambios globales en la economía y la “nueva normalidad” como forma de vida diaria hacen que el concepto de Imagen esté cambiando hacia el encuentro de una nueva ubicación que permita dar respuesta frente a nuevas variables con las que se enfrenta cada persona. La percepción del tiempo, la distancia sin distancias, la virtualidad de la imagen define una nueva forma de significar el concepto Imagen. Sin duda esto afecta también no sólo lo perceptible sino la forma de estructurar la enseñanza de aspectos tales como el Color, cuando se creía que era imposible enseñarlo o diagnosticarlo virtualmente con la misma calidad con las que se aplica las técnicas en forma presencial. Todas estas variables conforman un nuevo paradigma que marca un nuevo rumbo dentro de la línea de investigación conceptual en Imagen 360º que comenzamos a desarrollar en 2019 Diversos autores y expertos en Imagen de países con culturas y costumbres tan disímiles como India, Austria, México, Brasil y Argentina nos comparten en esta nueva edición de Cuadremos Académicos de la UP los nuevos desafíos que tienen al 2020 como punto de partida para que podamos repensar conceptualmente la Imagen dentro de este contexto con final abierto.

Abstract The global changes in the economy and the “new normality” as a daily way of life mean that the concept of Image is changing towards finding a new location that allows us to respond to new variables that each person is facing. The perception of time, distance without distances, the virtuality of the image defines a new way of meaning the image concept. Without a doubt this also affects not only the perceivable but the way of structuring the teaching of aspects such as Color, when it was believed that it was impossible to teach or diagnose it with virtually the same quality with which the techniques are applied in person. All these variables make up a new paradigm that marks a new direction within the line of conceptual research in 360º Image that we began to develop in 2019 Diverse authors and experts in Image from countries with cultures and customs as dissimilar as India, Austria, Mexico, Brazil and Argentina share in this new edition of UP Academic Cuadernos the new challenges that have 2020 as a starting point so that we can rethink the Image conceptually in this context with an open end.

Abstract The most recognized theories in marketing were mostly written by authors from the Global North, who were revered within the field for their ideals. Among these, one that deserves to be highlighted is Theodore Levitt, with the theory of globalization of markets, which is considered relevant to this day. However, when analyzing the theory of globalization of markets and the interpretations made about it through a decolonial perspective from Latin America, one can see how much it reproduces coloniality. Therefore, this article analyzed, from the decolonial perspective, with particular attention to the concept of coloniality of power - and its derivations, the coloniality of knowledge, and the coloniality of being - how coloniality is present in the theory of globalization of markets developed by Theodore Levitt. This theory stands for a racial asymmetry between peoples, positions itself as a superior epistemological perspective, and promotes a convergence toward ways of Being associated with the Eurocentric world. However, knowing that this is just one of the theories that make up marketing and reverberate the same colonial logic, the decolonization of marketing in Brazil is proposed. We suggest incorporating the thoughts of authors such as Lélia Gonzalez and Ailton Krenak, who critically debate issues related to globalization, capitalism, and markets. The use of subaltern knowledge outside the area is a theoretical dare necessary to construct a marketing discipline that is less asymmetrical and more consciously oriented to deal with the complexities and challenges of this context.

Resumen Las teorías más reconocidas en marketing fueron escritas en su mayoría por autores del norte global. Entre estos, uno que merece ser destacado es Theodore Levitt, con la teoría de la globalización de los mercados, considerada relevante hasta hoy. Sin embargo, al analizar dicha teoría y sus interpretaciones desde una perspectiva decolonial de América Latina, se puede ver cuánto reproduce la colonialidad. De esta forma, el presente artículo buscó analizar, desde la perspectiva decolonial ‒con especial atención al concepto de colonialidad del poder y sus derivaciones, de colonialidad del saber y de colonialidad del ser‒ cómo la colonialidad está presente en la teoría de la globalización de mercados desarrollada por Theodore Levitt. Dicha teoría reitera una asimetría racial entre los pueblos, se posiciona como una perspectiva epistemológica superior e universal y promueve una convergencia hacia modos de Ser asociados al mundo eurocéntrico. Sin embargo, sabiendo que esta es sólo una entre otras teorías que componen el marketing y que resuenan en la misma lógica colonial, aquí se propone una descolonización del marketing en Brasil. Para ello, se sugiere incorporar el pensamiento de autores como Lélia Gonzalez y Ailton Krenak, quienes debaten críticamente temas relacionados con la globalización, el capitalismo y los mercados. El uso de saberes subalternos fuera del área es una osadía teórica necesaria para construir una disciplina de marketing menos asimétrica y más conscientemente orientada a enfrentar las complejidades y desafíos de este contexto.

Resumo As teorias mais reconhecidas em marketing foram, em sua maioria, escritas por autores do norte global, que foram reverenciados na área por seus ideais. Entre estes, um que merece destaque é Theodore Levitt, com a teoria da globalização de mercados, que é considerada relevante até os dias atuais. Todavia, ao analisar essa teoria e as interpretações feitas a seu respeito por meio de uma perspectiva decolonial da América Latina, percebe-se o quanto ela reproduz a colonialidade. Assim, este artigo buscou analisar, segundo a perspectiva decolonial, com particular atenção ao conceito de colonialidade do poder - e suas derivações, a colonialidade do saber e a colonialidade do ser -, como a colonialidade se faz presente na teoria da globalização de mercados desenvolvida por Theodore Levitt. Tal teoria reitera uma assimetria racial entre povos, posiciona-se como uma perspectiva epistemológica superior e universal e promove uma convergência para formas de Ser associadas ao mundo eurocêntrico. Contudo, sabendo que esta é apenas uma entre outras teorias que compõem o marketing e que reverberam a mesma lógica colonial, propõe-se aqui uma descolonização do marketing no Brasil. Para tanto, sugere-se a incorporação dos pensamentos de autores como Lélia Gonzalez e Ailton Krenak, que debatem criticamente questões relacionadas com a globalização, o capitalismo e mercados. A utilização de conhecimentos subalternizados exteriores à área é uma ousadia teórica necessária para construir uma disciplina do marketing menos assimétrica e mais conscientemente orientada para lidar com as complexidades e os desafios desse contexto.

Resumen El Estado de México es el tercer productor de nopal verdura a nivel nacional, Otumba concentra 57% de la producción estatal. En la década de 2010-2020 la superficie se incrementó 27%, con un aumento de 44% en la producción. Sin embargo, enfrenta una serie de limitantes socioeconómicas y técnicas. El objetivo de la investigación fue diagnosticar los sistemas de cultivo de nopal verdura en Cuautlacingo, Otumba, Estado de México y proponer estrategias para mejorar su funcionamiento. Se trabajó con 47 productores cooperantes a quienes se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado en tres ejes: 1) características socioeconómicas de las unidades de producción; 2) características del sistema de cultivo de nopal verdura; y 3) itinerario técnico del sistema de cultivo de nopal verdura. A través de un análisis de conglomerados se identificaron dos grupos de productores, la problemática que enfrentan son incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, escasa tecnificación, escasa organización y canales de comercialización, necesidad de capacitación y acompañamiento técnico y carencia de impulso gubernamental. Se recomienda conjuntar esfuerzos para planear acciones, atender y desarrollar los nichos de producción de la región y buscar alternativas para aumentar la competitividad del nopal verdura.

Abstract The State of Mexico is the third producer of nopal vegetable nationwide, Otumba concentrates 57% of state production. In the decade 2010-2020 the area increased by 27%, with a 44% increase in production. However, it faces a number of socioeconomic and technical constraints. The objective of the research was to diagnose the nopal vegetable cultivation systems in Cuautlacingo, Otumba and propose strategies to improve their functioning. Work was carried out with 47 cooperating producers to whom a questionnaire structured in the following three axes was applied: 1) socioeconomic characteristics of the production units; 2) characteristics of the nopal vegetable cultivation system; and 3) technical schedule of the nopal vegetable cultivation system. Through a cluster analysis, two groups of producers were identified, the problems they face are incidence of pests and diseases, low technification, poor organization and marketing channels, need for training and technical accompaniment and lack of government impulse. It is recommended to join efforts to plan actions, attend and develop the production niches of the region and seek alternatives to increase the competitiveness of nopal vegetable.

This is a literature review about the performance of the School and Educational Psychologist at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFET). Data collection was done through the electronic library Scielo, Capes Periodicals, Google, Google Scholar and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). Twenty-two productions were selected from articles, book chapters, dissertations and theses. It was observed that there are few productions about the role of the Psychologist in the IFET, although a recent growth has been observed in the last decade. The productions referred to practices in School and Educational Psychology, discussions about demands, challenges and identity of the school and educational psychologist. It was observed that this area of activity still needs a re-signification that considers the institutional determinants in understanding the demands that these professionals face, in addition to delimiting and developing the psychologist's work in this context, having as a guideline the overcoming of the exclusively marketing training.

Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica sobre el desempeño del Psicólogo Escolar y Educativo del Instituto Federal de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología (IFET). La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la biblioteca electrónica Scielo, Periódicos de la Capes, Google, Google Scholar y la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones (BDTD). Se seleccionaron 22 producciones entre artículos, capítulos de libros, disertaciones y tesis. Se observó que existen pocas producciones en cuanto a la actuación del Psicólogo en la IFET, aunque se observa un crecimiento reciente en la última década. Las producciones se refirieron a prácticas en Psicología Escolar y Educativa, discusiones sobre demandas, desafíos e identidad del psicólogo escolar y educativo. Se observó que esta área de actuación aún necesita una nueva significación que considere los determinantes institucionales en la comprensión de las demandas enfrentadas por estos profesionales, además de delimitar y desarrollar el trabajo del psicólogo en este contexto, teniendo como norte la superación de formación exclusivamente en el mercado.

Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura acerca da atuação do Psicólogo Escolar e Educacional no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFET). A coleta de dados foi feita através biblioteca eletrônica Scielo, Periódicos da Capes, Google, Google Acadêmico e pela Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Foram selecionadas 22 produções dentre artigos, capítulos de livro, dissertações e teses. Foi observado que existem poucas produções a respeito da atuação do Psicólogo nos IFET, ainda que tenha sido constatado um crescimento recente na última década. As produções referiram práticas em Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, discussões sobre demandas, desafios e identidade do psicólogo escolar e educacional. Observou-se que essa área de atuação ainda necessita de uma ressignificação que considerem os determinantes institucionais na compreensão das demandas com que se deparam esses profissionais, além de delimitar e desenvolver o fazer do psicólogo nesse contexto, tendo como norte a superação da formação exclusivamente mercadológica.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The turbulent global higher education sector poses significant marketing, branding and management challenges to institutions. In South Africa, the development of new institutions like Sol Plaatje University and the University of Mpumalanga has increased competition in the market, increasing pressure on universities to retain high-performing students in a bid to grow. This study investigates the institutional factors influencing post-graduate students' university loyalty. It examines the relationship between reputation and academic programmes, quality and competencies of academic staff, expenses and grants, facilities and physical environment, career prospects, and sports on university loyalty through the mediating role of attitude DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Data for this quantitative study were gathered from 150 post-graduate students at the University of the Witwatersrand through a close-ended questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science 27 (SPSS), whereby various reliability and validity tests were conducted. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was then used to test the hypotheses FINDINGS: The results obtained indicate a positive and significant relationship between reputation and academic programmes, quality and competencies of academic staff, and career prospects and attitude towards the university. A positive and significant relationship was observed between attitude towards the university and university loyalty RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: Universities should focus on enhancing their reputation and offering cutting-edge academic programmes that are considerably different from those offered by competitors. Quality and competencies of academic staff and maintaining academic excellence must be emphasised. This will encourage recruiters to seek graduates from the institution, resulting in greater career prospects for students MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: By concentrating on the university's reputation and academic programmes, quality and competencies of academic staff, and providing qualifications that lead to good job prospects, positive student attitudes towards the university and, by extension, loyalty will be ensured. This will ensure that universities retain some of their high-performing students JEL CLASSIFICATION: I23, M31

Resumen Los cafeticultores mexicanos enfrentan desafíos complejos con una variedad de temas entrelazados. El presente trabajo es un acercamiento a la compleja red que forma su problemática. Se llevaron a cabo 10 talleres de diagnóstico participativo en los cuatro estados con mayor producción de café en México: Chiapas, Veracruz, Oaxaca y Puebla. Dichos talleres se realizaron en coordinación con ocho organizaciones y en ellos se contó con la presencia de 312 actores sociales. Se identificaron 22 problemas y 23 fortalezas, así como, las relaciones entre ellos. Todo ello se concentró en tres temas centrales: capacidad organizativa, conocimiento y valores éticos, en una red de alta complejidad que genera vulnerabilidad ante intervenciones externas negativas y propicia la migración de jóvenes y la degradación ambiental. En aras de potencializar sus fortalezas es posible mejorar la cultura cafetalera y, en particular, la producción y la comercialización del aromático. El trabajo teórico en torno al concepto de sustentabilidad posibilita reconocer el valor del conocimiento tradicional de campesinos e indígenas, así como de sus relaciones comunitarias de cooperación y economías que les permiten intercambios, pero que no tienen como objetivo central la acumulación de valor monetario, sino la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas, individuales y comunitarias. El resultado de la reflexión abona a la mejor comprensión de las prácticas sustentables en términos funcionales.

Abstract Mexican coffee farmers face complex challenges with a variety of intertwined issues. The present work is an approach to the complex network of their problems. 10 participatory diagnosis workshops were carried out in the four states with the highest coffee production in Mexico: Chiapas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Puebla. These workshops were held in coordination with eight organizations and 312 social actors were present at them. 22 problems and 23 strengths were identified, as well as the relationships between them. All of this was focused on three central themes: organizational capacity, knowledge, and ethical values, in a highly complex network that generates vulnerability to negative external incidents and promotes the migration of young people and environmental degradation. In order to enhance its strengths, it is possible to improve the coffee culture and, in particular, the production and marketing of the aromatic. The theoretical work around the concept of sustainability allows us to recognize the value of the traditional knowledge of peasants and indigenous people, as well as their community relations of cooperation and economies that allow them to exchange, but whose central objective is not the accumulation of monetary value, but rather the satisfaction of human, individual and community needs. The result of the reflection contributes to a better understanding of sustainable practices in functional terms.

Resumo Este estudo analisa a capacidade de as políticas públicas em saúde disputarem sentido na construção de mundo provocada pelos meios de comunicação e a regulamentação estatal da publicidade infantil de alimentos. Estes anúncios influenciam as escolhas alimentares das crianças, formando um paladar habituado ao consumo de ultraprocessados (prejudiciais à saúde) desde a infância. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa entrevistou gestoras em nível federal para compreender a agenda de fortalecimento da regulamentação da publicidade de alimentos destinados ao público infantil executada ao longo de uma década, que tem o intuito de fortalecer as ações de promoção da saúde e contribuir com a prevenção das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. A influência da indústria de alimentos, por meio da indústria de comunicação, tem restringido o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas na área de alimentação no Brasil e o tema precisa de participação social pois a lei existe, mas não é aplicada.

Abstract This study analyzes the ability of public health policies to dispute meaning in the construction, of the world caused by the media and the need for state regulation of food marketing for children. These advertisings influence children’s food choices, forming a palate used to consuming ultra-processed products (harmful to health) since childhood. With a qualitative approach, the research interviewed, over the span of a decade, the public administrators at a federal level to understand the execution of the agenda for strengthening the regulation of advertising of food aimed at children. This agenda aims to strengthen health promotion actions and contribute to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. The influence of the food industry, with the communication industry, has restricted the development of public policies in Brazil, and the topic needs social participation since the existing law is not applied.

Abstract Rapid developments in the era of IoT technologies, coupled with the espousal of social media tools and applications, have promoted the use of data analytics as a means to gain significant insights from unstructured data. Sentiment analysis is an approach that identifies data polarity to classify a text as positive, neutral, or negative. Also referred to as opinion mining or subjective mining, sentiment analysis has applications that range from marketing and customer service to clinical medicine. The application of sentiment analysis in the epoch of big data has proved invaluable in classifying sentiment and, in general, determining opinions from the average person’s frame of mind Several sentiment analysis techniques have been developed over the years. In this regard, this article presents a brief survey on the sentiment analysis applications, as well as feature extraction and sentiment classification techniques. This article surveys various feature extractions techniques and concludes that each technique has its own pros and cons, and can be combined for better results. The survey on classification methods suggests that hybrid methods provide finer results than individual ones. The survey of applications surmises that sentiment analysis as applied to different sectors, helps expand business opportunities. Also, the paper presents a few open challenges in carrying out sentiment analysis.