Abstract This research was conducted for the purpose to evaluate the contribution Giant petrels and Brown skuas nestings in the formation of ornithogenic soils by the phosphatization process in Harmony Point, Maritime Antarctic. Ten nests were selected to collect topsoil samples (0-20 cm), from 0 m up to 20 m away, with regular spacing of 2 m. The analysis of the samples included the physical, chemical, mineralogical and geochemical analyzes. Phosphate minerals were identified. The presence of high content of some trace elements, such as Zn, Cu and Sr is associated with the bird’s excrements. Total-P and bioavailable-P recorded higher levels. This result demonstrates the importance of the time factor in the bird’s nesting, as well as in the development of the soil in these soil-forming environment. Phosphatization in these areas is not restricted to the specific location of the nest, since high values of P have been identified at distances between 8 and 12 m, from de nest’s top. This suggests the transport of P rich solutions and phosphatized material along fractures by the freeze-thaw cycles, contributing to increase the geographical expression of this phenomenon in this ice-free area, consequently the development of soils and the establishment of vegetation. Point Antarctic 020 (0-2 cm, cm , cm) away physical chemical analyzes elements Zn birds bird s excrements TotalP Total bioavailableP bioavailable levels nesting soilforming forming environment nest 1 top freezethaw freeze thaw cycles icefree ice free area vegetation 02 (0- (0 (

Resumen La gestión eficiente de conflictos entre los usos y actividades en el medio marino-costero es fundamental para el éxito de la Planificación Espacial Marina (PEM). Nuestro objetivo fue el de realizar un geo-análisis de usos y actividades presentes en la jurisdicción de las Capitanías de Puerto de Tumaco y Guapi en Colombia para identificar los posibles conflictos presentes. Utilizamos información geográfica de usos y actividades del medio marino-costero disponible en geo-portales nacionales, se consultó a 23 expertos interinstitucionales para realizar la ponderación de las matrices de conflictos, se realizó un análisis de las interacciones entre los usos y actividades apoyados de análisis espacial, se identificaron los principales conflictos en función de criterios específicos y se realizó la cartografía para la ubicación de los conflictos. Se generó una base de datos con 39 capas geográficas, se encontró la mayor densidad de usos y actividades en aguas interiores, la fauna marina obtuvo el 11,81 % del total de interacciones, se identificaron 73 conflictos potenciales, donde el 23.29% correspondió a un Índice de Conflicto alto y el 57.53 % de los conflictos ocurrieron entre usuario-ambiente. Con estos resultados aportamos a la gestión de los litorales colombianos dentro del contexto de la PEM.

Abstract The efficient management of conflicts between uses and activities in the marine-coastal environment is fundamental for the success of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Our aim was to conduct a geo-analysis of uses and activities present in the jurisdiction of the harbor master of Tumaco and Guapi in Colombia to identify potential conflicts. We used geographic information on uses and activities of the marine-coastal environment available in national geo-portals, 23 interinstitutional experts were consulted to carry out the weighting of the conflict matrices, an analysis of the interactions between the uses and activities supported by spatial analysis was carried out, the main conflicts were identified according to specific criteria and the cartography for the location of the conflicts was carried out. A database with 39 geographic layers was generated, the highest density of uses and activities was found in inland waters, marine fauna obtained 11.81 % of the total interactions, 73 potential conflicts were identified, where 23.29 % corresponded to a high Conflict Index and 57.53 % of the conflicts occurred between user-environment. With these results, we contribute to the management of Colombian marine-coastal within the context of the MSP.

Resumen: Las indagaciones sobre los paisajes culturales no antropogénicos, como son los entornos marinos, revelan dinámicas insospechadas por el resurgimiento de ecosofías ajenas a la economía globalizada y a la territorialización como base de la apropiación y posterior explotación indiscriminada. Perturbadas por las errancias de la geoingeniería, varias regiones del mundo se asoman recientemente a claves argumentales con puntos comunes que podrían revitalizar biosferas no humanas y, en ellas, las humanas. La atención a las dinámicas marítimas exige considerar el océano como una entidad. Siguiendo las aún inspiradores lecturas históricas de Fernand Braudel, al ampliar la “mediterraneidad” que él formuló, estaríamos poniendo a prueba otro concepto de cambio de mentalidad por gubernamentalidad: los maritorios, una conceptualización desde la arquitectura en Chile en la década de 1970. A partir de estudios de caso tratamos ejemplos significativos en el Mediterráneo, en el Caribe y en océanos y ríos asiáticos que aportan al actual debate sobre los mares como espacios habitados, como ecosistemas acuáticos frágiles al tiempo que reveladores

Abstract: Enquiries into non-anthropogenic cultural landscapes, such as marine environments, reveal unsuspected dynamics due to the resurgence of ecosophies that are alien to the globalised economy and territorialisation as a basis for appropriation and subsequent indiscriminate exploitation. Disturbed by the wanderings of geo-engineering, several regions of the world have recently touched on key arguments with points in common that could revitalise nonhuman biospheres and, in them, human ones. When considering maritime dynamics, the ocean must be seen as an entity. Following the ever-inspiring historical literatures of Fernand Braudel and expanding on the “mediterraneity” he formulated, we would be testing another concept involving a change in mentality of governmentality: “maritoriums”, a conceptualisation from 1970s Chilean architecture. Based on case studies, we will discuss significant examples in the Mediterranean, the Caribbean and Asian oceans and rivers that contribute to the current debate on the seas as inhabited spaces, as fragile and revealing aquatic ecosystems.

Abstract The present work aims to present some geohistorical notes about the production of beach space in Northeast Brazil, based on bibliographic research. The Brazilian beach space results from different social practices, some of which emerged through the absorption of behaviors and lifestyles arising from modern westerns. The social appropriation of beaches on the coast of the Northeast took place in the mid-19th century, when local elites turned to the sea, in the context of the incorporation of the so-called "modern maritime practices" (therapeutic baths, vacations, etc.), colonizing an environment previously intended only for “traditional maritime practices” (fishing, defense, and port activity). The transformation and consumption of these spaces were based on the establishment of second homes and infrastructure aimed at the development of tourist activity. In the first part of this article, we characterize the environment and socially on the Northeastern coast, in order to demonstrate the predominance of the beach environment and its social and economic value. Then we seek to discuss the production of beach space in the Northeast, pointing out the geohistorical factors linked to its valorization. Finally, we briefly present the process of production of beach space in a large northeastern city, Recife, highlighting the historical process of appropriation and valorization of its beaches. Brazil research practices westerns mid19th midth mid 19th th century sea socalled so called therapeutic baths vacations etc., etc etc. , etc.) traditional fishing, fishing (fishing defense activity . activity) article value Finally city Recife

Resumo O espaço praiano brasileiro resulta de diferentes práticas sociais, algumas das quais surgidas mediante absorção de comportamentos e estilos de vida advindos da moderno ocidentalidade. A apropriação social das praias no litoral do Nordeste se deu em meados do século XIX, quando as elites locais se voltaram para o mar, no contexto de incorporação das chamadas “práticas marítimas modernas" (banhos terapêuticos, vilegiatura etc.), colonizando um ambiente antes destinado apenas para às “práticas marítimas tradicionais” (pesca, defesa e atividade portuária). A valorização e o consumo desses espaços foram calcados no estabelecimento de segundas residências e de infraestruturas voltadas ao desenvolvimento da atividade turística. O presente trabalho buscou apresentar alguns apontamentos teóricos a propósito da produção do espaço praiano no Nordeste do Brasil, baseando-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e geo-histórica. O artigo está dividido em três partes. Na primeira, caracteriza-se geoambiental e socialmente o litoral Nordestino, afim de demonstrar a predominância do ambiente das praias e o seu valor social e econômico. Em seguida, procura-se discorrer sobre a produção do espaço praiano no Nordeste, apontando os fatores geo-históricos ligados à sua valorização. Por fim, apresenta-se sumariamente o processo de produção do espaço praiano em uma grande cidade nordestina, o Recife, destacando o histórico processo de apropriação e valorização de suas praias. sociais ocidentalidade XIX mar modernas banhos terapêuticos etc., etc etc. , etc.) tradicionais pesca, pesca (pesca portuária. portuária . portuária) turística Brasil baseandose baseando geohistórica. geohistórica geo histórica. histórica geo-histórica partes primeira caracterizase caracteriza Nordestino econômico seguida procurase procura geohistóricos históricos fim apresentase apresenta nordestina Recife

Abstract Active layer and permafrost are important indicators of climate changes in periglacial areas of Antarctica, and the soil thermal regime of Maritime Antarctica is sensitive to the current warming trend. This research aimed to characterize the active layer thermal regime of a patterned ground located at an upper marine terrace in Half Moon Island, during 2015-2018. Temperature and moisture sensors were installed at different soil depths, combined with air temperature, collecting hourly data. Statistical analysis was applied to describe the soil thermal regime and estimate active layer thickness. The thermal regime of the studied soil was typical of periglacial environment, with high variability in temperature and water content in the summer, resulting in frequent freeze-thaw cycles. We detected dominant freezing conditions, whereas soil temperatures increased, and the period of high soil moisture content lasted longer over the years. Active layer thickness varied between the years, reaching a maximum depth in 2018. Permafrost degradation affects soil drainage and triggers erosion in the upper marine terrace, where permafrost occurrence is unlikely. Longer monitoring periods are necessary for a detailed understanding on how current climatic and geomorphic conditions affect the unstable permafrost of low-lying areas of Antarctica (marine terraces). trend Island 20152018. 20152018 2015 2018 2015-2018 depths data environment summer freezethaw freeze thaw cycles increased years unlikely lowlying low lying terraces. terraces . terraces) 2015201 201 2015-201 201520 20 2015-20 20152 2 2015-2 2015-

Resumen El artículo se posiciona desde las criminologías verde y azul para analizar la problemática de la pesca ilegal en la Argentina. Con base en el estudio de instrumentos normativos y entrevistas, el estudio aborda el rol de la Prefectura Naval Argentina (PNA) dentro de la zona económica exclusiva (ZEE) y más allá de la milla 200 frente al accionar pesquero lesivo por parte de buques extranjeros. Por un lado, el artículo se enfoca en el uso del derecho penal como instrumento de control de la pesca ilegal, poniendo de sobresalto las problemáticas y limitaciones de este abordaje. Por otro lado, el estudio se enfoca en el trabajo de la PNA en búsqueda de soluciones no punitivas. Principalmente, se analizan la intervención de esta agencia de seguridad en el caso Huali 8 identificado por la PNA como un “cambio de paradigma” en el control de la pesca ilegal dentro de la ZEE y el trabajo intersectorial e interdisciplinario como respuesta no punitiva para la pesca no reglamentada en el espacio marítimo más allá de la milla 200. En su conjunto, desde el paradigma crítico de las criminologías verde y azul, este artículo busca poner el foco en el Sur global y en como una de las agencias destinadas a ejercer poder punitivo buscó explorar cauces de acción alternativos, priorizando el cuidado del medio acuático sin necesidad de más pena.

Abstract The article takes a green and blue criminology stance to analyze the problem of illegal fishing in Argentina. Based on the study of regulatory instruments and interviews, the study addresses the role of the Prefectura Naval Argentina (PNA) within the exclusive economic zone (ZEE) and beyond mile 200 in the face of harmful fishing actions by foreign vessels. On the one hand, the article focuses on the use of criminal law as an instrument to control illegal fishing, highlighting the problems and limitations of this approach. On the other hand, the study focuses on the work of the PNA in the search for non-punitive solutions. It mainly analyzes the intervention of this security agency in the Huali 8 case, identified by the PNA as a "paradigm shift" in the control of illegal fishing within the ZEE, and the intersectoral and interdisciplinary work as a non-punitive response to unregulated fishing in the maritime space beyond mile 200. As a whole, from the critical paradigm of green and blue criminologies, this article seeks to focus on the global South and on how one of the agencies destined to exercise punitive power sought to explore alternative courses of action, prioritizing the care of the aquatic environment without the need for more punishment.

As technology expands and spreads worldwide, the maritime industry and maritime crime are rapidly evolving While the heightened adoption of digital technologies has positively impacted the efficient and prompt execution of tasks like maritime surveillance, policing, monitoring, and early warning systems, it has also brought about significant challenges that impact the interconnected network of maritime actors. This dilemma can be attributed to geographical location, surveillance, and navigation systems of ports, vessels, and other state intuitions. With the emergence of cyber threats, West Africa is poised to face a dual-pronged threat at its ports and shores, affecting the broader security environment of coastal states as actors in the maritime domain are increasingly using digital technologies. Moreover, these threats demonstrate a path for maritime criminals to evolve into maritime cybercriminals. The central theme of this article is the connection between cybercrime and maritime crimes, and the cybercrimes that have found a lucrative avenue in the maritime industry. It also discusses cybercrime in maritime criminal activities occurring in West Africa, and the implications for the maritime and cyber landscape of the region. Finally, the article concludes with approaches for dealing with the risks posed by maritime cyber risks.

Abstract Many maritime disasters lead to oil pollution, which undermines ecosystem balance, human health, the prosperity of countries and coastal areas across borders, and people’s livelihoods. This is a problem that affects the whole world. Governments must strive to ensure that operations in the marine environment are safe and avoid oil pollution by adopting methods that anticipate future scenarios to mitigate the effects of this pollution when it occurs. This study investigates a method of managing contaminated coastal areas, aiming to contribute to the management of the environmental crisis caused by disasters through the use of online collaborative mapping by volunteer collaborators. Volunteer collaborators have been sending georeferenced data and photographs of locations affected by pollution. This information is processed and printed on a cartographic basis created by the web-mapping platform, Google MyMaps©. Photos of 90 locations were plotted on the map, and the pictures demonstrate that the oil slicks that reached the Brazilian coast had very different shapes and consistency. This research can contribute as a participatory monitoring tool during and after oil spills, promoting the oriented preservation of marine ecosystems through citizen science.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es examinar las presencias y reconfiguraciones locales de la institucionalidad ambiental en Islote, una isla del Caribe colombiano. Mediante el trabajo de campo etnográfico que tuvo lugar durante el año 2010, parte del 2011 y visitas posteriores en el 2018, se estudia la organización sociopolítica y el prestigio individual como factores locales que contradicen las expectativas y políticas de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Los resultados de la observación participante, entrevistas etnográficas y participación en talleres de las entidades ambientales muestran que la presencia de las instituciones ambientales se separa de su significado local y adquiere otra forma, se convierte en un espacio burocrático de representación externa que es reconfigurado localmente. Inspirada en el concepto de simplificación colonial de Page West (2006), muestro cómo, tanto los isleños como la entidad ambiental, pasan por un proceso de reconfiguración mutua, que genera relaciones, en su mayoría, conflictivas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to examine the presence and local reconfigurations of environmental institutions in Islote, an island of the Colombian Caribbean. Through the ethnographic-field work that took place during 2010, part of 2011, and subsequent visits in 2018, I study how socio-political organization and individual prestige are local factors that contradict National Natural Parks of Colombia's expectations and policies. The results of the participant observation, ethnographic interviews, and participation in workshops of environmental entities show that the presence of environmental institutions separates from its local meaning and acquires another form; it becomes a bureaucratic space of external representation locally reconfigured. Inspired by the concept of colonial simplification of Page West (2006), I show how both the islanders and the environmental entity go through a process of mutual simplification that mostly generates conflictive relations.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é examinar as presenças e reconfigurações locais da institucionalidade ambiental no Islote, uma ilha do Caribe colombiano. Através do trabalho de campo etnográfico que aconteceu durante o ano 2010, parte do 2011 e visitas posteriores no ano 2018, se estuda a organização sociopolítica e o prestígio individual como fatores locais que contradizem as expectativas e políticas de Parques Nacionais Naturais da Colômbia. Os resultados da observação participante, entrevistas etnográficas e participação em workshops das entidades ambientais, mostra que a presença das instituições ambientais se separa de seu significado localmente e adquire outra forma, se converte-se em um espaço burocrático de representação externa que é reconfigurado localmente. Inspirada no conceito de "simplificação colonial" de Page West (2006) mostra-se como, tanto os ilhéus quanto a entidade ambiental, passam por um processo de simplificação mútua gerando relações, em sua maioria conflitivas.

RESUMEN Por el momento, las organizaciones de todo el mundo se encuentran en un entorno que cambia constantemente en varios aspectos, incluidos los desarrollos tecnológicos, las preferencias de los clientes, los mercados emergentes y la globalización. En este entorno, el concepto de agilidad, especialmente la agilidad de la fuerza laboral, es una herramienta valiosa para las organizaciones y puede ayudarlas considerablemente a hacer frente a esta situación. Dado que un número sustancial de académicos han estudiado el concepto de agilidad desde el punto de vista técnico hasta ahora, y han descuidado el aspecto de recursos humanos, este estudio tiene como objetivo, en primer lugar, investigar el concepto de agilidad de la fuerza laboral a través de un modelo que incorpora impulsores, prácticas, estrategias que propugnan y estimulan la implementación de este concepto y examinan las relaciones entre estas variables y, en segundo lugar, determinan los resultados de la implementación del sistema de agilidad laboral. La muestra del presente estudio fue seleccionada entre el personal y los gerentes de la Organización de Puertos y Marítima de Irán, que tenían una licenciatura o un título superior y trabajaban en el campo de la gestión de recursos humanos. Además, utilizamos un cuestionario para evaluar la variable. Según los hallazgos, a excepción de la relación entre los impulsores y los resultados de la implementación, se han respaldado todas las demás relaciones entre los impulsores, las prácticas, las estrategias y los resultados. JEL: M1, F10, L1

ABSTRACT For the time being, organizations throughout the world are in an environment that is constantly changing in various aspects including technological developments, customers’ preferences, emerging markets, and globalization. In this environment, the concept of agility, especially workforce agility, is a valuable tool for organizations and can assist them considerably to cope with this situation. Given that a substantial number of scholars have studied the concept of agility from the technical point of view up until now, and have neglected the human resource aspect, this study has two aims: First, to, investigate the concept of workforce agility through a model incorporating drivers, practices, strategies advocating and stimulating the implementation of this concept while examining the relationships between these variables; and second, to determine the results of implementing a workforce agility system. The sample of the present study was selected from the staff and managers of the Ports and Maritime Organization of Iran, and namely those who had a bachelor’s degree or higher and were working in the field of human resource management. Additionally, we used a questionnaire to evaluate the variable. According to the findings, except for the relationship between drivers and implementation results, all other relationships between drivers, practices, strategies, and results have been supported. JEL: M1, F10, L1

RESUMEN. Este artículo aborda el tema de la relación del hombre con el mar en el caso de la sociedad peruana. Para ello, parte de la hipótesis de que esta relación no puede explicarse solamente desde el universo inteligible sino desde el mundo sensible, y analiza la correlación e influencia entre los conceptos de conciencia marítima (entendida como los conocimientos sobre el mar) e identidad marítima. Se aplicó un test de conocimientos y una escala tipo Likert a una muestra de 262 individuos. Al analizar los resultados, se encuentra una correlación positiva débil entre las dos variables y una influencia de un 12,2 % de los conocimientos sobre la identidad marítima. Con base en ello, se concluye que la identidad marítima explica más adecuadamente la relación del hombre con el mar.

ABSTRACT. This article addresses the Peruvian society's relationship with the sea. It parts from the hypothesis that this relationship cannot be explained from the intelligible universe alone but also from the sensory world. To this end, it analyzes the correlation and influence between the concepts of maritime awareness (understood as knowledge about the sea) and maritime identity, employing a Likert scale to rank the knowledge tests of a sample of262 individuals. The results of the analysis showed a weak positive correlation between the two variables and a 12.2% influence of the knowledge on maritime identity. Based on this, it is concluded that maritime identity explains more adequately the relationship of humans with the sea.

Abstract The two-dimensional ray tracing method allows an easy and fast modeling of tropospheric propagation in the microwave frequency range. A version of this method that determines ray trajectories, amplitudes and delays of the electromagnetic field, as well as the propagation loss in a two-dimensional inhomogeneous environment will be described. The implemented algorithm may consider generalized maps of modified refractivity (or refractive modulus), including not only the vertical gradients, but also their horizontal variations along the path between transmitter and receiver. Next, the present paper will discuss the results from the application of a model of evaporation duct height to data from instruments installed in sea buoys located along the Brazilian coast. Finally, the results from the application of the ray-tracing model to evaporation ducts will be presented, to analyze the propagation of microwave signals in the maritime environment. These results will also be compared with corresponding ones from the software Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System 3.6, based on the numerical solution of a parabolic equation.

Resumo Moçambique tem um dos litorais mais extensos da África. Para historiadores, os exemplos mais óbvios das conexões que ligam Moçambique ao oceano Índico são a exportação de ouro, marfim e escravos, nem como a importação de têxteis indianos. Sem minimizar a importância dessas conexões, este artigo chama a atenção para diversos outros elementos que contribuíram e continuam a desempenhar um papel nas relações entre Moçambique e o oceano Índico. O artigo explora a cultura marítima dos habitantes da costa moçambicana, incluindo esforços contemporâneos para proteger o meio ambiente e desenvolver a indústria da pesca, destacando aspectos mais mundanos do comércio entre Moçambique e seus parceiros comerciais através do Canal de Moçambique. Finalmente, discutem-se as conexões humanas emaranhadas em todas essas redes econômicas.

Abstract Mozambique’s coastline is one of the longest in Africa. For historians, the most obvious examples of the connections linking Mozambique to the Indian Ocean are the export of gold, ivory and slaves, and the import of Indian textiles. Without minimizing the importance of these linkages, this article draws attention to several other elements that have contributed and continue to play a role in the relationship between Mozambique and the Indian Ocean. The article explores the maritime culture of the inhabitants of coastal Mozambique, including contemporary efforts to protect the environment and develop the fishing industry, also highlighting more mundane aspects of trade between Mozambique and its trading partners across the Mozambique Channel. Finally, we discuss the human connections that were enmeshed in all of these economic networks.

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta um conjunto de temas considerados relevantes na elaboração de uma agenda de pesquisa sobre espaços marítimos. Parte de um campo de conhecimento específico - geografia - a fim de suscitar diálogo com outros campos de conhecimento. O espaço marítimo é definido como superfície de extensão imprecisa, onde são realizadas atividades, atribuídos usos específicos, e demarcados territórios; envolve, portanto, vias de comunicação e circulação como rotas de navegação, canais transoceânicos, águas abrigadas e margeadas por istmos, prolongamento do relevo terrestre na plataforma continental e zonas de interface flúvio-marinha e terra-mar. Foram definidos quatro temas: a) circulação; b) fronteiras e limites; c) recursos; e d) meio ambiente, vinculados a questões mais amplas como redes e fluxos internacionais, regulação espacial, conflitos e tensões, vulnerabilidade de zonas de interface terra-mar. Conceitos como espaço marítimo, e superfícies de regulação são enfatizados para a construção de um diálogo no campo interdisciplinar.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce a set of themes deemed as significant in the preparation of an agenda of research about maritime spaces. It starts from a specific knowledge field - geography - in order to raise a connection with other knowledge fields. Maritime space is defined as a surface of inaccurate extension where activities are carried out, specific uses are assigned, and territories are delimitated; therefore, it involves communication and circulation routes such as navigation routes, transoceanic canals, waters sheltered and bordered by isthmuses, prolongation of the topography in the continental shelf and zones of fluvio-marine and land-sea relations. Four points were defined: a) circulation; b) frontiers and borders; c) resources; and d) the environment, associated with broader issues such as international flows and networks, spatial regulation, conflicts and tensions, vulnerability of zones of land-sea relation. Concepts as maritime space and regulation surfaces are reinforced in order to build a connection in the interdisciplinary field.

Resumen El presente artículo presenta un conjunto de temas tomados como relevantes en la elaboración de uma agenda de investigación sobre los espacios marítimos. El espacio marítimo se define como superficie de extensión imprecisa donde se realizan actividades, atribuidos usos específicos, y demarcados territorios; se refiere, por lo tanto, a vías de comunicación y circulación como rutas de navegación, canales transoceánicos, aguas abrigadas y margenadas por istmos, prolongación del relieve terrestre en la plataforma continental y zonas de interfaz fluvio-marina y tierra-mar. Parte de um campo de conocimiento especifico para suscitar dialogo com otros campos de conocimiento. Se definieron cuatro temas: circulaciòn, fronteras y limites, recursos naturales y médio ambiente que son vinculados a cuestiones más amplias como redes y flujos internacionales, regulación espacial; conflictos y tensiones;vulnerabilidad en zonas de interfaz tierra-mar. Conceptos como espacio marítimo y superfícies de regulación se enfatizan para la construcción de um dialogo en el campo interdisciplinario.

This paper analyzes the dynamics of naval power in the international context of the 21st Century. It addresses how the competition for the rearrangement of global power between the statuquist and revisionist actors of the international system is re- flected in the dispute over the seas. It is argued that, the United States’ hegemonic naval power being on the decline and new naval power being on the rise, the maritime space has become the great fracture zone of the present.

Este artículo, estudia la dinámica del poder naval en el contexto internacional del Siglo XXI. En él se analiza de qué forma la competencia por el reacomodamiento de poder mundial, entre los actores statuquistas y revisionistas del sistema internacional, se plasma en la disputa por el ámbito marítimo. Se sostiene que, en el marco de la decaden- cia de Estados Unidos como poder naval hegemónico y el ascenso de nuevos poderes navales, el espacio marítimo se ha convertido en la gran zona de fractura de este tiempo.