Abstract Introduction: The use of arthropods in ecological studies in the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia focused mainly on spiders, butterflies, ants, and dung beetles; therefore, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the other groups such as Geadephaga in this ecosystem. Objective: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations and the effect of environmental conditions on the diversity of the Geadephaga communities in two TDF fragments in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: This study was conducted during four sampling events between February and June 2018, each lasting four days, and four nights. Four sampling stations were selected in each locality (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM and Reserva La Flecha = RLF), separated 350 m one from another, with square plots of 50 × 50 m. A light trap was installed in the center of each square, while pitfall traps were installed in the four vertices, and manual capture, beating sheets and leaf litter sieve were carried out. Results: A total of 348 Carabidae and 114 of Cicindelidae were captured. In both fragments, the richness and abundance presented the lowest values in dry season, while the highest values were observed during the rainy season. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) was the most abundant species in RCM during rainy season. Conclusions: The richness variation and abundance of Geadephaga corresponds to a seasonal pattern at both locations. A high dissimilarity between the communities of Geadephaga from the two fragments was found, despite having similar environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espacio-temporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.

Abstract Introduction: Recent ecological studies have found a positive correlation between habitat structure and animal communities that inhabit them. Generally, such studies try to test the hypotheses that animal species diversity increases in complex and heterogeneous habitats since they may provide more potential niches that structurally simpler habitats. Objective: In this research, the effect of habitat complexity and heterogeneity, and structural habitat characteristics on the butterfly community (Papilionoidea) inhabiting three vegetation covers (shrubs, highland forest and paramo) was evaluated in high-montane ecosystems of the Central Cordillera, Antioquia department, Colombia. Methods: From January to July 2012, butterflies were systematically sampled using Van Someren Rydon traps. Simultaneously, complexity, heterogeneity, and vegetation structure were quantified using 0.04 ha circular plots established around the traps. Results: We reported 108 species, 48 genus and five families of butterflies. Butterfly richness and abundance were sensible to both complexity and heterogeneity of the vegetation covers, as well as to changes in the vegetation structure, showing strong correlations with habitat characteristics. Butterfly diversity was highest in the shrub habitat (1D = 25.02; 2D = 11.97), followed by the highland forest (1D = 15.83; 2D = 9.42) and paramo (1D = 12.36; 2D = 7.86). Moreover, richness and abundance of butterfly species were positively associated with the increase in canopy cover and vegetation density in horizontal and vertical strata. Conclusion: These findings underline the importance of preserving the heterogeneity of habitats and vegetation structure in the Andean high-montane ecosystems to maintain the diversity and abundance of butterflies, highlighting the need for conservation and management policies that consider the complexity and diversity of these ecosystems.

Resumen Introducción: Recientes investigaciones han mostrado correlaciones positivas entre la estructura del hábitat y las comunidades animales que los habitan. Generalmente, estos estudios evalúan la hipótesis de una mayor diversidad de animales en hábitats complejos y heterogéneos, ya que éstos pueden ofrecer un mayor número de nichos potenciales a diferencia de aquellos estructuralmente más simples. Objetivo: Se evaluó el efecto de la complejidad, la heterogeneidad y la estructura del hábitat sobre una comunidad de mariposas diurnas (Papilionoidea) en tres tipos de coberturas vegetales (rastrojo, bosque y páramo) ubicadas en ecosistemas de alta montaña sobre la cordillera Central, departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Métodos: Entre enero y julio del 2012, se realizaron capturas de mariposas utilizando trampas Van Someren Rydon y se cuantificó la complejidad, la heterogeneidad y la estructura de la vegetación a partir de parcelas circulares de 0.04 ha establecidas alrededor de las trampas. Resultados: Se reportó un total de 108 especies, 48 géneros y cinco familias de mariposas. La riqueza y la abundancia de especies de mariposas fueron sensibles tanto a la complejidad y heterogeneidad de las coberturas vegetales como a los cambios en la estructura de la vegetación, mostrando fuertes correlaciones con las características del hábitat. El rastrojo presentó la mayor diversidad de mariposas (1D = 25.02; 2D = 11.97), seguido por el bosque (1D = 15.83; 2D = 9.42) y el páramo (1D = 12.36; 2D = 7.86). Adicionalmente, la riqueza y abundancia de mariposas se asoció positivamente con la cobertura de dosel y la densidad de vegetación de los estratos verticales y horizontales. Conclusión: Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de conservar la heterogeneidad de los hábitats y la estructura vegetal en los ecosistemas de alta montaña andinos, para mantener la diversidad y abundancia de las mariposas, resaltando la necesidad de políticas de conservación y manejo que consideren la complejidad y diversidad de estos ecosistemas.

Resumen Últimamente se ha descrito una disminución de la abundancia y diversidad de insectos, así como una alteración del régimen de incendios forestales. Debido a la sensibilidad de las mariposas a los cambios ambientales, se estudió la riqueza de mariposas en 2 bosques, uno afectado por un incendio y otro sin indicios de fuego. Mediante el muestreo en transectos, así como la captura de mariposas con trampas durante las 4 estaciones del año, se determinó la diversidad florística y de mariposas. El análisis de los datos obtenidos mostró que el bosque con fuego presentaba una mayor diversidad de flores y mariposas que el área control. Comparando los 2 bosques, se confirmó una disimilitud de 27% y 41% entre la riqueza de especies de flores y mariposas, respectivamente. Además, se observó una variación significativa en la presencia de flores y mariposas a lo largo del año en el área quemada, la cual no fue significativa en el área control. Por lo tanto, es importante estudiar el efecto de los incendios forestales en la diversidad vegetal y animal, y considerar sus resultados en los planes de manejo forestal.

Abstract Recently, a decrease in insect abundance and diversity has been described, as well as an alteration of the forest fire regime. Due to the sensitivity of butterflies to environmental changes, we studied the richness of butterflies in two forests, one affected by fire and the other without signs of fire. By means of transect sampling and butterfly trapping during the 4 seasons of the year, the floristic and butterfly diversity was determined. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the forest with fire had a greater diversity of flowers and butterflies than the control area. Comparing the 2 forests, a dissimilarity of 27% and 41% was confirmed between the species richness of flowers and butterflies, respectively. In addition, a significant variation in the presence of flowers and butterflies was observed throughout the year in the burned area, which was not significant in the control area. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of forest fires on plant and animal diversity, and to consider their results in forest management plans.

ABSTRACT The Tropical Dry Forest is a highly threatened ecosystem, the anthropic alterations have produced a fragmentation of its habitats and degradation of its ecological interactions and diversity. Despite the abundant literature on the diversity of butterflies and their changes in intervened ecosystems, little is known about changes in butterfly-plant interaction networks. In this study, we compared the ecological networks of Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea, and Angiosperms between preserved and intervened forests in the rainy and dry seasons. Four strips of 50 meters by 4 meters were sampled in each zone and season, visiting each strip three times per season, recording the visiting floral butterflies for 90 minutes on each occasion, for a total of 72 hours of observations per unit of study. The estimated parameters of the networks were nesting, connectivity, diversity, generality, and robustness. In the conserved area, the nesting value shows a greater number of specialists, while the connection shows a lower average of possible interactions. The generality showed in this area a higher average of links per floral visitor and the diversity of Shannon showed a greater diversity of interactions. The rainy season obtained higher connection, diversity, nesting, generality, and robustness compared to the dry season. The results highlight the importance of analyzing not only the diversity of butterflies, but also their interactions, since these are important factors that allow us to have a better understanding of the state of the ecosystems, and the different effects that they can have depending on different anthropic alterations.

RESUMEN El Bosque Seco Tropical es un ecosistema altamente amenazado, las alteraciones antrópicas han producido fragmentación de sus hábitat y degradación de sus interacciones ecológicas y diversidad. A pesar de la abundante literatura sobre diversidad de mariposas y sus cambios en ecosistemas intervenidos, poco se conoce sobre cambios en las redes de interacción mariposa-planta. En este estudio se compararon las redes ecológicas de Papilionoidea y Hesperoidea y Angiospermas entre bosque seco conservado e intervenido en época de lluvia y sequía. Se muestrearon cuatro franjas de 50 metros por 4 metros en cada zona y época, visitando cada franja en tres ocasiones por época, registrando las mariposas visitantes florales durante 90 minutos en cada ocasión, para un total de 72 horas de observaciones por unidad de muestreo. Los parámetros estimados de las redes fueron anidamiento, conectancia, diversidad, generalidad y robustez. En la zona conservada el valor de anidamiento evidenció mayor cantidad de especialistas, mientras que la conectancia evidenció menor promedio de posibles interacciones. La generalidad mostró en esta zona mayor promedio de enlaces por visitante floral y la diversidad de Shannon mostró mayor diversidad de interacciones. La época de lluvia obtuvo mayor conectancia, diversidad, anidamiento, generalidad y robustez en comparación con la época seca. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de analizar no solo la diversidad de mariposas sino también sus interacciones, pues son un factor importante ya que permiten conocer mejor el estado de los ecosistemas, además de comprender las diferentes afectaciones que pueden experimentar en función de las alteraciones antrópicas.

Resumen Los lepidópteros son uno de los grupos de organismos más grandes que existen, conocidos comúnmente como mariposas o polillas, los cuales en su estado larval son considerados como las plagas más dañinas en la agricultura. Larvas de lepidópteros fueron colectados del cultivo del higo y trasladadas bajo condiciones ambientales controladas y alimentadas bajo una dieta artificial. Se realizó una identificación de las larvas colectadas, así como la determinación de su ciclo de vida. Además, se determinó la fertilidad y eclosión de los huevos que ovipositaban los adultos en parejas. Se identificó al lepidóptero como Estigmene albida, insecto perteneciente a la superfamilia Noctuidae, familia Erebidae, el cual cuenta con poca información reportada en la literatura. El ciclo de vida consistió en 57 días, desarrollando cinco estadíos larvales con características similares a las reportadas para E. acrea, especie del mismo género y de mayor importancia como plaga agrícola. En promedio, las hembras que copularon y produjeron huevos viables pusieron 377,4 huevos por hembra, de los cuales se desarrollaron 222,4 larvas por hembra, siendo estos resultados menores a los reportados para E. acrea, pudiendo estas variables ser afectadas por la alimentación, la temperatura y la especie con la que se trabaja. Además, se logró colectar larvas de E. albida parasitadas por un taquínido identificado como Carcelia sp. En conclusión, este artículo brinda uno de los primeros reportes de E. albida atacando cultivos agrícolas y brinda información sobre su ciclo de vida y fertilidad. Además, es el primer reporte de este insecto atacando el cultivo del higo y de Carcelia sp. parasitando larvas de este lepidóptero.

Abstract Lepidoptera is one of the largest groups of organisms, known commonly as butterflies or moths, which in their larval state, are considered the most harmful agricultural plagues. Lepidoptera larvae were collected from a fig crop, transferred under controlled environmental conditions, and fed an artificial diet. An identification of the larvae collected was performed, as well as the determination of their life cycle. Additionally, the fertility and egg hatching rate were determined from the eggs laid by the adults placed in couples. The lepidopteran species was identified as Estigmene albida, an insect from the Noctuidae superfamily, Erebidae family, and with very few information reported in the literature to date. The life cycle consisted of 57 days, developing 5 larval stages, with similar characteristics to those reported for E. acrea, a species from the same genus with more known importance as a crop plague. On average, the females that mated and laid viable eggs, placed 377.4 eggs, from which 222.4 per female developed larvae. These results were less than those reported for E. acrea; however, these variables could have been affected by the diet, the temperature and the species worked with. Also, it was possible to collect larvae from E. albida parasited with the tachinidae Carcelia sp. In conclusion, this study provides one of the first reports of E. albida affecting crops and provides information of their life cycle and fertility. It is also the first report of this insect affecting specifically a fig crop and of Carcelia sp. parasiting larvae of this lepidoptera.

ABSTRACT Chickpea is a commercially exploited crop on a relatively new scale in Brazil, that is why, little information on the main pests is available. Mostly caterpillars showing Heliothinae morphological characteristics have emerged in production areas. In order to point out the species of these insects in chickpea fields produced in the Federal District and the surrounding areas, this study aimed to determine the morphological and molecular identification of these invertebrates in order to assist producers in pest management in a more sustainable way. Caterpillars were hand-collected directly from the plants in six sites and the moth collection was collected using light traps in four sites, monthly, in 2017 and 2018. The morphological identification was made through the adult insect genitalia and the subsequent molecular identification was performed using the cytochrome oxidase I enzyme with the quantitative PCR technique, which resulted in the development of an efficient and low-cost DNA extraction protocol to be used in samples under unfavorable storage conditions. Morphological and molecular studies showed the presence of Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Chloridea virescens and Chloridea subflexa, with a predominance of Chloridea virescens in chickpea plants. Chloridea subflexa was verified for the first time feeding on chickpeas in Brazil. Brazil why available areas way handcollected hand monthly 201 2018 technique lowcost low cost conditions armigera zea 20 2

RESUMO O grão-de-bico é uma cultura com exploração comercial em escala relativamente nova no país e, por isso, há poucas informações disponíveis sobre as principais pragas, majoritariamente lagartas, com características morfológicas de Heliothinae, que têm surgido nas áreas de produção. Com o intuito de apontar as espécies desses insetos no grão-de-bico produzido no Distrito Federal e região produtora em seu entorno, este trabalho foi realizado para a identificação morfológica e molecular desses invertebrados para auxiliar os produtores no manejo de pragas de forma mais sustentável. Foram realizadas coletas manuais de lagartas diretamente nas plantas em seis locais e a coleta de mariposas com o uso de armadilhas luminosas em quatro locais, mensalmente, durante os anos de 2017 e 2018. A identificação morfológica foi feita através da genitália dos insetos adultos e a posterior identificação molecular foi realizada através da enzima citocromo oxidase I com a técnica de PCR quantitativo, o que resultou no desenvolvimento de um protocolo de extração de DNA eficiente e de baixo custo para o uso em amostras sob condições desfavoráveis de armazenamento. Os estudos morfológico e molecular resultaram na constatação da presença de Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Chloridea virescens e Chloridea subflexa, com predominância de Chloridea virescens nas plantas de grão-de-bico. Foi registrada pela primeira vez Chloridea subflexa se alimentando em grão-de-bico no Brasil. grãodebico grão bico isso Heliothinae produção entorno sustentável mensalmente 201 2018 quantitativo armazenamento armigera zea grãodebico. bico. Brasil 20 2

Abstract Areas planted with Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake variety platyphylla F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) expand annually in most regions of Brazil. Many lepidopteran species defoliate this plant, but with damage varying per species. The objective of this study was to identify the pest status of lepidopteran defoliators based in the faunistic analysis of these insects and of their natural enemies on E. urophylla variety platyphylla plantations in a representative producing region of Brazil. Adult moths of lepidopterans and of their natural enemies were captured using a light trap, installed every two weeks, from September 2016 to August 2018. A total of 183, 10, three and 139 lepidopteran species was captured and classified as primary, secondary, without defined importance to eucalypt plants and non-identified with 1,419, seven, 465 and 876 individuals, respectively. Two primary pest species were constants, two accessories and six accidentals and all secondary ones were accidentals. Six primary pest species were common and dominant and four non-dominants. Faunistic indices indicated the main lepidopteran species that should be monitored in pest management programs. Seven hymenopteran species (65 individuals), three dipterans (49 individuals) and two hemipterans (four individuals) were the natural enemies collected using light traps. The monitoring of lepidopteran pests with light traps can contribute to the management and to reduce damage and control costs for these species, besides identifying natural enemies for biological control programs in Eucalyptus plantations. ST S T S.T F Muell Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae Brazil plant E trap weeks 201 2018 183 10 13 nonidentified non identified 1419 1 419 1,419 seven 46 87 individuals respectively constants nondominants. nondominants dominants. dominants non-dominants 65 (6 , 49 (4 20 18 141 41 1,41 4 8 6 ( 2 14 1,4 1,

Resumo Áreas plantadas com Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake variedade platyphylla F. Muell. (Myrtaceae) se expandem anualmente na maioria das regiões do Brasil. Muitas espécies de lepidópteros desfolham esta planta, mas com danos que variam de acordo com a espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o status de praga de lepidópteros desfolhadores com base na análise faunística desses insetos e de seus inimigos naturais em plantios de E. urophylla variedade platyphylla em uma região produtora representativa do Brasil. As mariposas e seus inimigos naturais foram capturadas com armadilha luminosa, instalada quinzenalmente, de setembro de 2016 a agosto de 2018. Um total de 183, 10, três e 139 espécies de lepidópteros foram capturadas e classificadas como primária, secundária, sem importância definida para eucaliptocultura e não identificadas com 1419, sete, 465 e 876 indivíduos, respectivamente. Duas espécies de pragas primárias foram constantes, duas acessórias e seis acidentais e todas as secundárias foram acidentais. Seis espécies de pragas primárias foram comuns e dominantes e quatro não dominantes. Os índices faunísticos indicaram as principais espécies de lepidópteras que devem ser monitoradas em programas de manejo de pragas. Sete espécies de himenópteros (65 indivíduos), três dípteros (49 indivíduos) e dois hemípteros (quatro indivíduos) foram os inimigos naturais coletados com armadilha luminosa. O monitoramento de lepidópteros-praga com armadilha luminosa pode contribuir para o manejo e redução de danos e custos de controle para essas espécies, além de identificar inimigos naturais para programas de controle biológico em cultivos de eucalipto. ST S T S.T F Muell Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae Brasil planta espécie E quinzenalmente 201 2018 183 10 13 primária secundária 1419 sete 46 87 indivíduos respectivamente constantes 65 (6 , 49 (4 lepidópterospraga eucalipto 20 18 1 141 4 8 6 ( 2 14

Abstract Ceratocampinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is the second most diverse subfamily of Saturniidae with 300 species described in 30 genera from southern Canada to northern Argentina. Species of this subfamily are widely distributed in Southeast Brazil, with many endemics to the Cerrado, and important as indicators of ecosystem quality. Specimens of Ceratocampinae were collected in the Parque Estadual do Mirador, Maranhão state, Brazil. Adeloneivaia acuta (Schaus, 1896), Adeloneivaia schubarti Barros & O. Mielke, 1970, Eacles penelope (Cramer, 1775) and Megaceresa pulchra (Bouvier, 1923) are recorded for the first time in Maranhão state and Northeast Brazil and Eacles fairchildi May & Oiticica, 1941, only for Maranhão. The record of five Ceratocampinae (Saturniidae) species increases the knowledge on the diversity and the importance of preserving those of this subfamily in the Cerrado biome of Maranhão state and the Northeast region of Brazil. Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera 3 Argentina quality Mirador Schaus, Schaus (Schaus 1896, 1896 , 1896) O Mielke 1970 Cramer, Cramer (Cramer 1775 Bouvier, Bouvier (Bouvier 1923 Oiticica 1941 (Saturniidae 189 197 177 192 194 18 19 17 1

Resumo Ceratocampinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) é a segunda subfamília mais diversa de Saturniidae com 300 espécies descritas em 30 gêneros do sul do Canadá ao norte da Argentina. Espécies desta subfamília estão amplamente distribuídas no Sudeste do Brasil, com muitas endêmicas do Cerrado e importantes como indicadores da qualidade do ecossistema. Espécimes de Ceratocampinae foram coletados no Parque Estadual do Mirador, estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Adeloneivaia acuta (Schaus, 1896), Adeloneivaia schubarti Barros & O. Mielke, 1970, Eacles penelope (Cramer, 1775) e Megaceresa pulchra (Bouvier, 1923) são registradas pela primeira vez no estado do Maranhão e Nordeste do Brasil e Eacles fairchildi May & Oiticica, 1941 apenas para o Maranhão. O registro de cinco espécies de Ceratocampinae (Saturniidae) aumenta o conhecimento sobre a diversidade e a importância da preservação das espécies dessa subfamília no bioma Cerrado maranhense e na região Nordeste do Brasil. Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera 3 Argentina ecossistema Mirador Schaus, Schaus (Schaus 1896, 1896 , 1896) Mielke 1970 Cramer, Cramer (Cramer 1775 Bouvier, Bouvier (Bouvier 1923 Oiticica 194 (Saturniidae 189 197 177 192 19 18 17 1

Resumen Se determinan las relaciones biogeográficas entre áreas aisladas de bosque tropical húmedo de México a partir de sus faunas de mariposas. Los análisis se hicieron a partir de los registros de 676 especies pertenecientes a las familias Papilionidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae y Nymphalidae en unidades geográficas de Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí y Campeche, mediante el uso de algoritmos de parsimonia y similitud. Ambos métodos corroboraron que las unidades mejor estudiadas forman un grupo consistente: Sierra de Juárez-Los Tuxtlas-Chajul-Huichihuayán, mientras que Soconusco representa el área más diferenciada.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the biogeographical relationships between isolated areas of tropical rainforests in Mexico from their butterfly faunas. The analysis were made from the records of 676 species belonging to the families Papilionidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae in 12 geographic units in Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí and Campeche, through the use of parsimony and similarity algorithms. Both methods corroborated that the best studied units form a consistent group: Sierra de Juárez–Los Tuxtlas–Chajul–Huichihuayán, while Soconusco represents the most differentiated area.

Abstract Population studies about butterflies in the Colombian Caribbean are scarce, which is why we analyzed the variation in the population structure and displacement of Hamadryas in different land uses in a fragmented landscape in Montes de María, San Jacinto, Bolívar. Six samplings were conducted between March and June, 2018. Seven sampling stations were located in the study area where 5 Van Someren-Rydon traps baited with fermented fruit mix were placed in each station. Using the capture-mark-recapture method, 541 individuals of the genus Hamadryas were recorded (including 312 males and 229 females). The most abundant species was H. feronia with 291 individuals recorded and the least frequent was H. amphinome with 33 individuals records. Sex ratios varied, although the number of males was always greater and the females experienced greater travel distance. The age structure and recapture showed a peak of imagos emergence for these butterflies between April-June. Finally, the variation in the abundance of Hamadryas is mainly associated with variables such as canopy cover, indicating that this factor plays a determining role in the population dynamics of this group of butterflies.

Resumen Los estudios poblacionales de mariposas en el Caribe colombiano son escasos, razón por la cual se analizó la estructura poblacional y el desplazamiento de Hamadryas Hübner (1806) en diferentes usos del suelo en un paisaje fragmentado en los Montes de María, San Jacinto, Bolívar. Se realizaron 6 muestreos entre marzo y junio de 2018. En el área de estudio se ubicaron 7 estaciones donde se colocaron 5 trampas Van Someren-Rydon cebadas con mezcla de fruta fermentada. Mediante el método de captura-marcaje-recaptura, se registraron 541 individuos del género Hamadryas (312 machos - 229 hembras). La especie más abundante fue H. feronia (Linnaeus, 1758) con 291 individuos registrados y la menos frecuente H. amphinome (Linnaeus, 1767) con 33 registros. Las proporciones sexuales variaron, aunque el número de machos siempre fue mayor y las hembras experimentaron una mayor distancia de desplazamiento. La estructura de edades y las recapturas mostraron un pico de emergencia de imagos entre abril-junio. Por último, la variación de la abundancia de Hamadryas se asocia, principalmente, con la cobertura del dosel, indicando que este factor juega un papel determinante en la dinámica poblacional de este grupo de mariposas.

Resumen Introducción: Una actividad económica que ha tenido auge en la última década en la altillanura es la forestación de sabanas con alteraciones antrópicas, pero se desconoce su papel en la conservación de las mariposas frugívoras de los bosques de galería dentro de los núcleos forestales. Objetivo: Comparar la diversidad de mariposas frugívoras en plantaciones de eucalipto y bosques de galería, y el papel de las variables ambientales. Métodos: Utilizamos trampas Van Someren-Rydon, dos réplicas de cuatro trampas, en cada uno de los cuatro hábitats muestreados simultáneamente desde diciembre 2020 hasta julio 2021: plantación de eucaliptos de cuatro años; plantación de eucaliptos de seis años; bosque de galería de suelo seco y bosque de galería anegado. También registramos diez variables abióticas, estructurales, alimentarias y de hábitat. Resultados: Recolectamos 227 especímenes de mariposas frugívoras (30 especies, 23 géneros y 5 subfamilias de la familia Nymphalidae). Había más especies en los bosques. Las especies de mariposas variaron más del 50 % entre los hábitats; Satyrinae fue más diversa en las plantaciones. Conclusión: La forestación en esta área proporciona hábitats para algunas especies de mariposas frugívoras de los remanentes de bosques naturales adyacentes. Las forestaciones representan un escenario de alteración intermedia entre las dos unidades de paisaje dominantes en la región.

Abstract Introduction: An economic activity that has boomed in the last decade in Colombian highlands is the afforestation of anthropized savannas, but its role in the conservation of fruit-feeding butterflies of gallery forests within forest cores is unknown. Objective: To compare the diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies in eucalyptus plantations and gallery forests, and the role of environmental variables. Methods: We used Van Someren-Rydon traps, two replicates of four traps, on each of four habitats sampled simultaneously from December 2020 to July 2021: four-years-old eucalyptus plantation; six-years-old eucalyptus plantation; dry soil gallery forest and waterlogged gallery forest. We also recorded ten abiotic, structural, food and habitat variables. Results: We collected 227 specimens of fruit-feeding butterflies (30 species, 23 genera, and 5 subfamilies within the family Nymphalidae). There were more species in the forests. The butterfly species varied over 50 % between the habitats; Satyrinae were more diverse in plantations. Conclusion: Afforestation in this area provides habitats for some species of fruit-feeding butterflies from adjacent natural forest remnants. Afforestations represent an intermediate disturbance scenario between the two dominant landscape units in the region.

Resumen Objetivo: reportar las mariposas de la tribu Morphini de la Colección de Entomología del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Cauca (Popayán, Colombia). Alcance: publicar un listado de especies, y realizar análisis museológicos, biológicos y de historia natural sobre la tribu Morphini del MHN-Unicauca. Metodología: se revisó la Colección de Entomología del MHN-Unicauca para identificar las especies de la tribu Morphini y realizar análisis descriptivos sobre temas museológicos y un análisis de la calidad del inventario encontrado. Resultados: se examinaron 117 especímenes de mariposas de la tribu Morphini del MHN-Unicauca (Popayán, Colombia), pertenecientes a tres especies del género Antirrhea Hübner [1822], una especie de Caerois Hübner [1819] y siete especies (12 subespecies) de Morpho Fabricius [1807]. Conclusiones: los 117 ejemplares examinados pertenecen 16 subespecies, siendo la más abundante M. helenor rugitaeniatus con 39 especímenes. Sin embargo, los análisis estadísticos indican que para la zona, potencialmente se pueden encontrar 39,08 subespecies, lo que se explicaría por la gran complejidad del área de influencia del MHN-Unicauca. Este análisis permite ubicar a la tribu Morphini como un grupo de gran potencial de estudio.

Abstract Objective: To report the butterflies of the Morphini tribe in the Entomology Collection of the Natural History Museum of Universidad de Cauca (MHN-Unicauca) (Popayan, Colombia). Scope: To publish a list of species, and carry out museological, biological and natural history analyses about the tribe Morphini in the Entomological Collection of MHN-Unicauca. Methodology: The Entomological Collection of MHN-Unicauca was reviewed to identify the species of the Morphini tribe and to carry out descriptive analyses on museological themes and an analysis of the quality of the inventory found. Main results: A total of 117 specimens of butterflies of the Morphini tribe of the Entomology Collection of MHN-Unicauca (Popayan, Colombia), belonging to three species of the genera Antirrhea Hübner, [1822], one species of Caerois Hübner, [1819] and seven species (12 subspecies) of Morpho Fabricius [1807], were examined. Conclusions: The 117 specimens examined belonged to 16 subspecies, the most abundant being M. helenor rugitaeniatus with 39 specimens. However, statistical analyses indicate that possibly 39.08 subspecies can be found for the area which would be explained by the great complexity of the area of influence of the MHN-Unicauca. This analysis allows defining the Morphini tribe as a group with great study potential.