Abstract: This article aims to analyze the relative cost of housing in Chile between 1966 and 2022. Specialized literature in this field focuses on four main themes: the impact of the neoliberal model on housing policies, the issue of property and renting, the maintenance of shantytowns, and issues of space and architecture. While there is consensus on the positive impact of social policies on access to housing for low-income families, debates persist regarding poverty and marginality. The research employs the Occupational and Unemployment Survey of Gran Santiago conducted by the Microdata Center of the University of Chile, administered quarterly since 1957 in all districts of Gran Santiago, with an annual survived population of around 10 000 individuals and 2 000 to 3 000 family groups. The findings reveal that: 1) the reduction in the relative cost of housing is more significant in non-poor households than in poor households; 2) in comparison to the international average, there is a decrease in the relative cost from 2000 to 2010, followed by an increase between 2011 and 2017; 3) the relative cost rises in impoverished sectors, particularly in the bottom 10% of income earners; 4) the reduction in relative cost is more pronounced in rented homes than in owned ones.

Resumen: El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el costo relativo de la vivienda en Chile entre 1966 y 2022. La literatura especializada en esta área se centra en cuatro temas principales: el impacto del modelo neoliberal en las políticas de vivienda, el tema de la propiedad y el arriendo, el mantenimiento de campamentos y aspectos relacionados con el espacio y la arquitectura. Aunque hay consenso sobre el impacto positivo de las políticas sociales en el acceso a viviendas para familias de bajos ingresos, persisten debates en torno a la pobreza y la marginalidad. Se utiliza la Encuesta de Ocupación y Desocupación del Gran Santiago del Centro de Microdatos de la Universidad de Chile, aplicada trimestralmente desde 1957 en todas las comunas del Gran Santiago, con una población encuestada anual de alrededor de 10 000 individuos y 2 000 a 3 000 grupos familiares. Los resultados revelan que: 1) la reducción del costo relativo de la vivienda es mayor en hogares no-pobres que en hogares pobres; 2) en comparación con el promedio internacional, hay una disminución en el costo relativo del 2000 hasta el 2010, seguida de un aumento entre 2011 y 2017; 3) el costo relativo aumenta en sectores empobrecidos, especialmente en el 10% de menores ingresos; 4) la reducción del costo relativo es más marcada en casas arrendadas que en propias.

ABSTRACT The dynamics of globalisation have concentrated poverty in certain areas of the urban context, generating a challenge that must be addressed from all disciplines and approaches. However, traditional historiographical currents have not been able to account for the dynamics of the most disadvantaged areas of our cities. Biographical methods, although they have been applied to represent excluded groups, have rarely contemplated urban issues related to them. In this sense, the present research is based on the process of historical reconstruction of the Guadalquivir neighbourhood in Córdoba, Spain through the life stories of its residents, analysing the biographical discourse of 28 key people. The analysis of the life stories from a territorial perspective shows how the technique allows us to generate processes of collective construction of knowledge, as well as to develop emancipatory practices capable of re-signifying the territories and transforming the most vulnerable environments.

RESUMEN Las dinámicas de la globalización han concentrado la pobreza en determinadas zonas del contexto urbano, generando un desafío que debe abordarse por distintas disciplinas y enfoques. No obstante, las corrientes historiográficas tradicionales no han sido capaces de dar cuenta de la dinámica de las zonas más desfavorecidas de nuestras ciudades. Los métodos biográficos, aunque han sido aplicados para representar colectivos en exclusión, raramente han contemplado cuestiones urbanas relativas a ellos. En este sentido, la presente investigación se sustenta en el proceso de reconstrucción histórica del barrio Guadalquivir en Córdoba, España, a través de los relatos de vida de sus vecinas y vecinos, analizando el discurso biográfico de 28 personas clave. El análisis de los relatos de vida desde una mirada territorial muestra cómo la técnica permite generar procesos de construcción colectiva del conocimiento, así como desarrollar prácticas emancipatorias capaces de resignificar los territorios y transformar los entornos más vulnerables.

Abstract The demand for cultural tourism gives raise to processes focused on a greater recognition and representation of the geographically spread historical and artistic heritage that shift the boundaries between the local and the global. In Calabria, the sacred places project (Research of the Landscape in Progress Laboratory – UNIRC) seeks to redraw historical maps and plots through new approaches and contemporary itineraries in a territory that, after the departure of the Grand Tour travelers, has experienced the condition of marginality and periphery. Calabria finds its possible salvation in the places of the sacred, i.e., historical-artistic topos. Thus, the inland landscapes -the destination of monks and mystics who fled from the Mediterranean coast in search of places of silence and meditation- are rediscovered. Paths and sanctuaries become the lines and points of a landscape design and a lost sense of inhabitation. The architectural project contributes to an action of "landscape restoration" grounded on the idea that a figurative and landscape identity has not been finished or defined. This encourages a dialogue between the ancient and the contemporary, and especially, between scenarios of the diffuse city and more recognizable places. The text introduces three examples of the project in the Calabrian territory addressing the idea of the sacred and its relationship with the place at three different scales: the itinerary, the project and history, and the project and the new symbols in the diffuse periphery.

Resumen La demanda de turismo cultural desencadena procesos centrados en un mayor reconocimiento y representación del patrimonio histórico y artístico geográficamente disperso, desplazando las fronteras entre lo local y lo global. El proyecto de lugares sagrados en Calabria (Investigación del Laboratorio Landscape_inProgress -UNIRC) pretende restaurar mapas y tramas históricas junto con nuevos enfoques e itinerarios contemporáneos, en un territorio que, tras el paréntesis de los viajeros del Grand Tour, ha experimentado una condición de marginalidad y periferia. Calabria encuentra en los lugares de lo sagrado su posible redención como topos histórico-artísticos, redescubriendo los paisajes del interior, ya destino de monjes y místicos que, desde las costas mediterráneas, huían en busca de lugares de silencio y meditación. Caminos y santuarios constituyen líneas y puntos de un diseño del territorio y de un modo de habitarlo que se ha perdido. El proyecto de arquitectura contribuye a una acción de "restauración del paisaje", en la idea de no considerar acabada y definida una identidad figurativa y paisajística. Esto favorece el diálogo entre lo antiguo y lo contemporáneo, y sobre todo entre los escenarios de la ciudad difusa y los lugares más reconocibles. El texto presenta tres ejemplos en el territorio calabrés que abordan la idea de lo sagrado y su relación con el lugar a tres escalas diferentes: el proyecto y el itinerario, el proyecto y la historia, y el proyecto y los nuevos símbolos en la periferia difusa.

Resumen A la luz del multifacético repertorio neoyorquino diseñado por Hélio Oiticica (HO) entre 1971 y 1972, presentamos una interpretación interartística comparativa sobre tres artefactos entrelazados que, de diferentes maneras, esbozan una reflexión sobre la isla de Manhattan y su condición de capital simbólica de un imperio contemporáneo. Desde el epicentro de este imperio, sondeamos los márgenes de una civilización que el artista pretende sabotear a través de una encarnación subvertida de sus mitos y paradigmas. Los símbolos asociados a este topónimo se reiteran — evocando los mismos rasgos fálicos — en el ideograma inventado por HO para la película Agripina é Roma Manhattan (1972), en esta misma heliopelícula y en el heliotexto “Barnbilônia” (1971), acompañado de numerosos dibujos. Al analizar estas obras experimentales (una película, un texto con dibujos y una imagen-ideograma), vemos una cohesión ética y estética entre estas tres composiciones de la misma altura y del mismo creador. Estas “invenciones” condensan elementos esenciales en la vida-obra del autor, sintetizando aspectos de su proyecto estético e ideológico. Por ejemplo, en estas obras, se alegoriza la visión del autor respecto a la decadencia metropolitana de imperios (pasados y presentes), representada como fálica, basada en la violencia y la opresión, en contraste con imaginarios de marginalidad y rebelión “subterrânia”. (HO 197 1972 maneras contemporáneo paradigmas , (1972) Barnbilônia “Barnbilônia 1971, (1971) imagenideograma, imagenideograma imagen imagen-ideograma) creador invenciones “invenciones vidaobra vida obra ideológico ejemplo pasados presentes, presentes presentes) fálica opresión subterrânia. subterrânia . “subterrânia” 19 (1972 (1971 imagen-ideograma “subterrânia 1 (197 (19 (1 (

Resumo À luz do multifacetado repertório nova-iorquino projetado por Hélio Oiticica (HO) entre 1971 e 1972, apresentamos uma interpretação comparativa interartística sobre três artefatos entrelaçados que, por meio de diferentes formas, traçam uma reflexão sobre a ilha de Manhattan e sobre o seu estatuto de capital simbólica de um império contemporâneo. Desde o epicentro desse império, sondam-se as margens de uma civilização que o artista pretende sabotar mediante uma encarnação subvertida dos seus mitos e paradigmas. Símbolos associados com esse topônimo se reiteram — evocando as mesmas feições fálicas — no ideograma inventado por HO para o filme Agripina é Roma Manhattan (1972), nesse mesmo héliofilme e no héliotexto “Barnbilônia” (1971), acompanhado por numerosos desenhos. Ao analisar essas obras experimentais (um filme, um texto com desenhos e uma imagem-ideograma), constatamos uma coesão ética e estética entre essas três composições, coevas, do mesmo criador. Nessas “invenções”, condensam-se elementos essenciais na obra-vida do autor, sintetizando aspetos do seu projeto estético e ideológico. Por exemplo, nessas obras, alegoriza-se a visão do autor no que diz respeito à decadência metropolitana de impérios (do passado e do presente), representados como fálicos, alicerçados na violência e na opressão, em contraste com imaginários de marginalidade e de rebeldia “subterrânia”. novaiorquino nova iorquino (HO 197 1972 formas contemporâneo sondamse sondam paradigmas , (1972) Barnbilônia “Barnbilônia 1971, (1971) imagemideograma, imagemideograma imagem imagem-ideograma) composições coevas criador invenções, invenções “invenções” condensamse condensam obravida obra vida ideológico exemplo alegorizase alegoriza presente, presente presente) fálicos opressão subterrânia. subterrânia . “subterrânia” 19 (1972 (1971 imagem-ideograma “invenções “subterrânia 1 (197 (19 (1 (

Abstract In light of the multifaceted New York repertoire planned by Hélio Oiticica (HO) between 1971 and 1972, we present an interartistic comparative interpretation on three intertwined artifacts that, in different ways, outlines a reflection on the island of Manhattan and its condition as the symbolic capital of a contemporary empire. From the epicenter of this empire, the margins of a civilization that the artist seeks to sabotage through a subverted incarnation of its myths and paradigms are explored. The symbols associated with this toponym are reiterated — evoking the same phallic features — in the ideogram invented by HO for the film Agripina é Roma Manhattan (1972), in this same heliofilm, and in the heliotext “Barnbilônia” (1971), accompanied by numerous drawings. When analyzing these experimental works (a film, a text with drawings and an image-ideogram), we see an ethical and aesthetic cohesion among these three contemporary compositions by the same creator. These “inventions” condense essential elements in the author’s life-work, synthesizing aspects of his aesthetic and ideological project. For example, in these works, the author’s vision of the metropolitan decline of empires (past and present) is allegorized, represented as phallic, based on violence and oppression, in contrast with imaginaries of marginality and clandestine rebellion called “subterrânia”. (HO 197 1972 ways empire explored , (1972) heliofilm Barnbilônia “Barnbilônia 1971, (1971) imageideogram, imageideogram image image-ideogram) creator inventions “inventions authors author s lifework, lifework life work, work life-work project example past allegorized oppression subterrânia. subterrânia . “subterrânia” 19 (1972 (1971 image-ideogram “subterrânia 1 (197 (19 (1 (

The multiple accounts of Nomsimekwana Mdluli of Mkhambathini from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries provide an opportunity to examine how a small polity in central Natal confronted the position of King Shaka Zulu in accounts of their past. Nomsimekwana kaMcoseli experienced the centralisation of polities east of the Drakensberg Mountains in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries that disturbed life at Mkhambathini, near the confluence of the Msunduze and Mngeni rivers. Forced to pledge their allegiance to other polities or come under attack, Mcoseli, his heir Nomsimekwana, and their followers affiliated themselves first with the Ngwane, later the Mkhize, then the Zulu, and eventually the British. Their associations waned and shifted as the threats changed - armies, hunger, marauders cast as amazimu, and Boer settlers - before Nomsimekwana Mdluli finally returned home to re-establish a chiefdom from the remnants who survived the transformation of the region. I flesh out the biographies and backstories of those involved in the creation and afterlives of these oral accounts of the Mdluli past. These accounts stress marginality and the impact of state consolidation on an amalala polity of Natal, as well as the persistence of amalala identities into the mid-twentieth century. Isifinyezo

The inaugural Gerald Kraak anthology titled Pride and Prejudice (The Gerald Kraak Anthology: African Perspectives on Gender, Social Justice and Sexuality) (2017) is a collection of poetry, fiction, journalism, photography, and scholarly writing that focuses on queer and other marginalised identities in Africa. The individual contributions place the queer cultural outsider at the centre of the text. The power of the anthology's collective voice challenges normative subjectivity and its practices of exclusion by showcasing the subjects' joy and suffering, and, through the collectivisation of individual experience, new possibilities arise for a recentred queer subjectivity that challenges imposed normative boundaries. The process of writing is a relatively private activity to explore and express identity and sexuality. In contrast to the privacy of writing is the act of sharing this writing with an audience that witnesses these private and often hidden identities and sexualities. This article focuses on how this anthologised collection of marginalised cultural 'others' shifts the borders of what is considered deviant by reading the entries through Judith Butler's concepts of 'legibility', where the outsider is placed at the narrative centre. CONTRIBUTION: This article contributes to studies on marginality, queer African literature, genre and anthologies

BACKGROUND: South African narratives of and by early childhood development (ECD) practitioners often focus on policies, practices and perspectives in research. While these are important for the development of the field, the voices of ECD practitioners, in this marginalised space, are silent. AIM: This article aims to understand: Who are the ECD practitioners? What are the conditions of their lives and livelihoods? How do they negotiate opportunities for employment, socio-economic growth and further education and training? SETTING: The study describes the marginality of ECD practitioners by narrating the lived experience of work and post-school education and training of one mature woman in the Western Cape. By narrating a single story, the stories of others unfold; working in similar circumstances and negotiating the same opportunities in the harsh reality of poverty and oppression. Employing a narrative methodology is a commitment to decolonising the practice of research, where voices of the 'Other' are centralised and amplified METHODS: An intersectional lens forms the theoretical grounding for this article with life history interviews as its primary form of data collection. RESULTS: Adult women ECD practitioners are mainly poor, black and female. They pursue access into higher education to improve their lives and livelihoods. CONCLUSION: The intersections that shape their lives limit their opportunities for access and success. CONTRIBUTION: The power of narrative research, displayed in this article, ensures that voice is used to move the lived experiences of black women ECD practitioners from the margins to the centre.

This article will suggest that the sentiments underlying the infamous phrase 'not white enough then, not black enough now', are of the wounds of colonial racism, the persistence of coloured-identity as exclusive (not white and not black), and a response to the perception of black-African exclusion of coloured people from democratic liberties. Considering this, the article will suggest that in terms of Christian theology, black theology is (remains) a suitable candidate to unpack the issues of coloured marginality and systematic exclusion. This reflection is therefore underpinned by the opinion that the phrase 'not white enough then, not black enough now' can be read as a theo-political statement. Thus, tensions surrounding coloured identity in a post-1994 South Africa could be constructively addressed by means of harvesting positive theological resources for articulating 'colouredness' from the reflection of local black theologians. CONTRIBUTION: The underlying conviction is that black theology is a theology capable of encompassing the present-day experience of 'colouredness' in the South African context, in all its diversity and complexity.

Resumo Objetivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a efetividade de uma intervenção baseada na Inteligência Emocional (IE) e nas artes. Método. Para alcançar esse objetivo, implementou-se um programa didático visando ao desenvolvimento da IE, envolvendo 55 alunos do Ensino Fundamental, com idades entre 8 e 12 anos. O programa concentrou-se em atividades artísticas e musicais e foi aplicado em uma escola com elevados índices de marginalidade e exclusão social. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de pré-teste, pós-teste e pós-teste diferido, utilizando o Questionário TMMS24 para avaliar a IE em três dimensões: atenção, clareza e reparação emocional. Resultados. Após a coleta de dados, foi analisado o desempenho dos alunos nas dimensões emocionais e constatou-se que ocorreram melhorias significativas na maioria das dimensões estudadas. Conclusão. Os principais resultados obtidos mostram a utilidade que estes programas podem ter na melhoria da IE de estudantes em ambientes desfavorecidos.

Resumen Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la efectividad de una intervención basada en la inteligencia emocional (IE) y las artes. Método. Se llevó a cabo un programa didáctico para el desarrollo de la IE, con 55 estudiantes de educación primaria con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 años. Se centró en actividades artísticas y musicales. Los sujetos participantes pertenecían a un colegio con altos índices de marginalidad y exclusión social. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un pretest, un postest y un postest diferido, con el cuestionario TMMS24, para evaluar la IE en tres dimensiones: atención, claridad y reparación emocional. Resultados. Después de la recolección de datos, se analizó el desempeño estudiantil en las dimensiones emocionales y se encontró que se había mejoras significativas en la mayoría de las dimensiones estudiadas. Conclusiones. Los principales resultados obtenidos muestran la utilidad que estos programas pueden tener a la hora de mejorar la IE de estudiantes de entornos desfavorecidos.

Abstract Objective. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of an intervention based on Emotional Intelligence (EI) and the arts. Method. A didactic program was conducted to develop EI with 55 Primary Education students, ranging from 8 to 12 years old. The program focused on artistic and musical activities. The participants belonged to a school with high rates of marginality and social exclusion. The data were collected through a pretest, a post-test, and a deferred post-test, with the TMMS24-Questionnaire, to assess EI in three dimensions: attention, clarity, and emotional repair. Results. After data collection, the study analyzed the students’ performance in the emotional dimensions; it found significant improvements in most of the dimensions studied. Conclusions. The main results show the usefulness of these programs in improving the EI of students in disadvantaged environments.

Resumen: Los estudios que explican la desactivación de movimientos sociales urbanos como efecto de políticas neoliberales entregan una imagen generalizadora del fenómeno. En otras palabras, no se hacen cargo adecuadamente de cómo ocurre esa desmovilización en sectores o grupos particulares. Tampoco explican por qué algunos grupos se movilizan pese a exponerse a esas mismas políticas públicas. Este artículo se concentra en las políticas dirigidas a la pobreza urbana en Chile para entregar una explicación diferente del fenómeno de la desmovilización. Se basa en trabajo de campo realizado en barrios desaventajados de Santiago de Chile y en otros estudios empíricos para generar un marco analítico innovador relacionado con la desmovilización social en sectores populares urbanos. Dicho marco tiene tres componentes: cierre de las oportunidades políticas, marginación espacial y gobernanza socializadora. Eso permite distinguir factores necesarios y suficientes en un modelo teórico que admite casos excepcionales que no sucumben a la desmovilización social.

Abstract: Studies explaining the demobilization of urban social movements as the result of neoliberal policies deliver a generalizing image of the issue. In other words, they do not adequately address how demobilization occurs in specific areas or groups. Also, they do not explain why some groups mobilize despite being exposed to the same policies. This article focuses on the politics of the Chilean urban poor to provide a different explanation of their demobilization. Based on fieldwork conducted in underprivileged neighborhoods of Santiago, Chile, as well as other empirical studies, the paper creates a novel analytical framework for the demobilization of communities in the urban margins. The framework includes three components: precluded political opportunities, spatial marginalization, and socializing governance. It also distinguishes necessary and sufficient factors, thus producing a theoretical model that admits exceptional cases that do not succumb to social demobilization.

Resumo: Os estudos que explicam a desativação dos movimentos sociais urbanos como efeito das políticas neoliberais fornecem uma imagem generalizada do fenômeno. Em outras palavras, eles não abordam adequadamente como essa desmobilização ocorre em determinados setores ou grupos. Tampouco explicam por que alguns grupos se mobilizam apesar de se exporem a essas mesmas políticas públicas. Este artigo enfoca as políticas voltadas para a pobreza urbana no Chile para oferecer uma explicação diferente do fenômeno da desmobilização. Baseia-se no trabalho de campo realizado em bairros desfavorecidos de Santiago do Chile e outros estudos empíricos para gerar um quadro analítico inovador relacionado a desmobilização social em setores populares urbanos. Este quadro tem três componentes: fechamento de oportunidades políticas, marginalização espacial e socialização da governança. Isso permite distinguir fatores necessários e suficientes em um modelo teórico que admite casos excepcionais que não sucumbem à desmobilização social.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta un análisis espacio-temporal sobre asesinatos de mujeres en León, Guanajuato. A partir de los crímenes georreferenciados (2016-2020) por María Salguero, se proponen algunas hipótesis estadísticas para estudiar sus posibles patrones espaciales. Con ellas se argumenta que femicidios y feminicidios son perpetrados bajo ciertas condiciones ambientales, como el tipo de lugar y el momento del día. Este fenómeno ocurre casi exclusivamente dentro de la zona urbanizada del municipio, y ha variado en su distribución espacial año con año. Los crímenes han tendido a suceder en zonas con un grado de marginación urbana medio, y en zonas de transición entre grados alto y bajo. Una posible medida para su ocurrencia en la vía pública es atender puntos específicos de la ciudad, pero los cometidos en domicilios presentan una distribución aleatoria, lo que sugiere que cualquiera podría ser escenario de un feminicidio. Concluimos con un conjunto de reflexiones y nuevas hipótesis posibles de estudiar.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a spatio-temporal analysis on female murders in Leon, Guanajuato. Thanks to the work on georreferenced crimes (2016-2020) by María Salguero, we propose a set of statistical hypotheses to study their spatial patterns. With these hypotheses we suggest they are likely to be committed when a set of environmental conditions are met, such as the type of place and time of day. This phenomenon is predominantly urban and has varied its spatial distribution year to year: crimes have tended to occur in areas with a medium degree of urban marginalization, and in transition zones between those with high and low degrees. At street level a possible solution is to look after certain locations, nevertheless, women’s murders in residences exhibit a random distribution, which suggests that any home could be the setting of one. Lastly, we conclude with a set of reflections and hypotheses for further study.

Abstract: Feminists take a variety of different approaches to discussions of the law, and many researchers have focused on studying the possibility of employing feminist legal methods of “doing” and “knowing” in law. Feminist authors discuss the possibility of applying feminist methods to question truth claims in law and challenge the power relations the law creates and recreates based on markers such as gender, race, and class. We have organized our work around three components of a method developed by Katharine Bartlett-the woman question, feminist practical reasoning and consciousness-raising-to analyze the knowledge produced regarding the imprisonment of women for drug offenses in Brazil in the 21st century. We consider how feminist methods may be applied in this and other contexts which involve a great deal of marginalization. Drawing on Ochy Curiel’s interpretation of the concept of the coloniality of knowledge, we ask: How can we decolonize feminist methods in order to adapt them to the needs and realities of the Global South? We focus on the idea of translation, advocated for by a number of Latin American and North American authors whose work touches on themes of centrality (North) and marginality (South), as a method of producing “connected epistemologies” which encourage alliances and challenge reductionist interpretations of feminist theories. Our aim is to contribute to a horizontal dialogue between the Global North and South in feminist studies without disregarding the uniqueness of the realities of our research subjects.

Resumen: Entre las diversas dimensiones que pueden tomar los feminismos en su interacción con el derecho, muchas investigadoras se han centrado en estudiar la posibilidad de emplear métodos legales feministas para «hacer» y «saber» en derecho. Autoras feministas discuten las posibilidades de aplicar métodos feministas para cuestionar las pretensiones de verdad que produce el derecho y las relaciones de poder que crea y recrea a partir de marcadores sociales como el género, la raza y la clase. En nuestra investigación, trabajamos con tres ejes de un método desarrollado por Katharine Bartlett -la pregunta por la mujer, el razonamiento práctico feminista y el incremento de conciencia- para analizar el conocimiento producido acerca de la criminalización de las mujeres por tráfico de drogas en Brasil en el siglo XXI. Reflexionamos sobre cómo aplicar métodos feministas en este y otros contextos de marginación. Trabajando con la interpretación del concepto de colonialidad del saber de Ochy Curiel, nos preguntamos: ¿cómo podemos decolonizar los métodos feministas para adaptarlos a las necesidades y la realidad del Sur global? Utilizamos la idea de traducción desarrollada por algunas autoras latinoamericanas y norteamericanas que transitan por espacios de centralidad (Norte) y marginalidad (Sur) en sus obras como una forma de producción de «epistemologías conectadas» que estimulan alianzas y confrontan interpretaciones reduccionistas de las teorías feministas. Con este trabajo, buscamos contribuir al diálogo horizontal en los estudios feministas entre el Norte y el Sur globales sin descuidar la singularidad de las realidades de los sujetos estudiados.

Resumen. Este artículo propone un recorrido por las narrativas de identidad y territorialización de nueve jóvenes habitantes del Conglomerado Oriente de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. La investigación buscó comprender la experiencia de la marginalidad urbana y los elementos que la componen. Como resultado se encontraron cuatro núcleos de significado en los relatos: el movimiento permanente, la maleabilidad del territorio, la domesticación de la incertidumbre y el silenciamiento de lo étnico. Se plantea, además, la riqueza y vigencia del concepto de marginalidad, así como la necesidad de profundizar en los estudios sobre este fenómeno desde la experiencia vivida.

Abstract. This article proposes a route through the narratives about identity and territorialization of nine young inhabitants of the Eastern Cluster in Cali, Colombia. This research sought to understand the urban marginality experience and the elements that compose it. As a result, we found four core meanings in these narratives: a permanent movement; territorial malleability; the domestication of uncertainty, and the silencing of ethnicity. In addition, this research explores the richness and contemporary validity within the concept of marginality, as well as the need to deepen the research on this phenomenon from the lived experience.

Abstract: This essay has two objectives: to problematize Infrarrealism as an avant-garde (neo-avant-garde or revolutionary avant-garde) and to explore those elements that would sustain it as such. It is because of that interstice of being either a neo-avant-garde or a revolutionary avant-garde that we propose that Infrarrealism would demand a critical-historical analysis, in the light of the tradition of the concept of avant-garde. Due to its own disruptive, polyphonic and rhizomatic nature, where the urban has transformed its own work and in that city they have found their lair (“the dead end”, as Mario Santiago wrote), we propose five central axes for the conformation of this movement, and that converse closely with the elements of a series of avant-gardes, especially Latin American: 1) the city as a symbolic space for artistic experimentation; 2) the flâneur and drift; 3) polyphony, as a group architecture and production mechanism; 4) the (self-) marginalization of culture; and 5) a vital ethic, which becomes a defense of the artist's integrity.

Resumen: Este ensayo busca problematizar al Infrarrealismo en tanto vanguardia (neovanguardia o vanguardia revolucionaria) y explorar aquellos elementos que la sustentan. En dicho intersticio se propone que el Infrarrealismo demandaría un análisis crítico-histórico, a la luz de la tradición del concepto de vanguardia. Por su propia naturaleza disruptiva, polifónica y rizomática, donde lo urbano ha transformado su propia obra y en aquella ciudad han encontrado su guarida, proponemos cinco ejes centrales para la conformación de este movimiento: 1) la ciudad como espacio simbólico para la experimentación artística; 2) el flâneur y deriva; 3) la polifonía, en tanto arquitectónica grupal y mecanismo de producción 4) La (auto)marginación de la cultura; y 5) una ética vital, que deviene en defensa de la integridad del artista.

Abstract: This article analyzes how dynamics of interpersonal violence configure the working conditions of low-income merchants in an important commercial area of Mexico City that has experienced growing insecurity. Based on ethnographic research, the text centers on the experiences of vendors (in streets, shopping plazas and public markets) suffering economic and institutional vulnerability. It analyzes how these and other actors in the neighborhood (leaders, petty criminals and organized criminals) turn to violence as a resource (culturally and morally constituted in heterogeneous ways) in order to create and preserve socio-spatial micro-orders as part of a broader quest for economic gain.

Resumen: En este artículo, a partir de una investigación etnográfica, se analizan escenarios y dinámicas de violencia interpersonal que configuran condiciones laborales del comercio popular, en una importante centralidad de la Ciudad de México, marcada por inseguridad creciente. Desde la experiencia de comerciantes (en vía pública, plazas y mercados), en circunstancias de vulnerabilidad económica e institucional, se examina cómo distintos actores (comerciantes, líderes, delincuentes menores y crimen organizado) recurren a violencias como un recurso (constituido cultural y moralmente de forma heterogénea) para establecer y conservar micro-órdenes de relaciones socioespaciales, en la búsqueda de preservar u obtener acceso a ganancias económicas.