ABSTRACT Introduction Personality disorders are an underdiagnosed entity and lead to high absenteeism and low productivity. Patients with histrionic personality disorder display intense emotion, attention seeking behaviour and manipulation. Clinical case report This is a case report of a 52-year-old woman, working as a hospital operational assistant, with a history of histrionic PD, major depression and fibromyalgia. In an Occupational Medicine examination after sick leave, she reports worsening of depressive symptoms and intensification of pain complaints, presenting apparent motor and cognitive slowing. Return to work was initially authorized, however, after two days, a new examination is requested by her superior, who is unable to find a suitable position for the employee. After further clinical observation and considering the history and medical reports, she is considered temporarily unfit to perform any role. Discussion/Conclusion It is important to highlight the challenge of Occupational Health in the professional reintegration of employees with psychiatric pathology. Constant updating and consolidation of knowledge in Mental Health are fundamental.

RESUMO Introdução As perturbações da personalidade são uma entidade subdiagnosticada e condicionam elevado absentismo e baixa produtividade. Pacientes com perturbação da personalidade histriónica caraterizam-se pelo seu dramatismo, emoções intensas, procura de atenção e tentativa de manipulação. Caso clínico Os autores descrevem o caso de uma mulher de 52 anos, a trabalhar como assistente operacional hospitalar, com antecedentes de perturbação da personalidade histriónica, depressão major e fibromialgia. Refere, em exame de Medicina do Trabalho após certificado de incapacidade temporária, agravamento dos sintomas depressivos e intensificação das queixas álgicas, apresentando aparente lentificação motora e cognitiva. É inicialmente autorizado o regresso ao trabalho mas, dois dias depois, é pedida nova consulta pela chefia, por não conseguir encontrar um posto adequado à colaboradora. Após nova observação clínica e tendo em conta os antecedentes e os relatórios médicos, é considerada temporariamente inapta para o desempenho de qualquer função. Discussão/Conclusão É importante realçar o desafio da Saúde Ocupacional na reintegração profissional de colaboradores com patologia psiquiátrica sendo essencial, para isso, a constante atualização e consolidação de conhecimentos na área da Saúde Mental.

INTRODUCTION: No standardised assessment instrument that covers all the components of in-hand manipulation (IHM) with evidence of instrument development and psychometric properties appropriate for South African children is currently available for occupational therapists. The University of the Free State In-Hand Manipulation Assessment Instrument (UFS IHMAI) is in the process of development to gain recognition as a standardised assessment instrument for children in South Africa. This article reports on the first and second stages of the face- and content validation process of the UFS IHMAI. METHOD: A quantitative descriptive study design with a convenient sampling method was used. Participants provided their expert judgment by completing an EvaSys© online questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty-five occupational therapists with experience in paediatric hand function, and registered with the HPCSA and OTASA participated. The participants agreed (above 80% consensus) that the instrument's content is relevant and representative to assess all components (separately and as a whole) of IHM that it was intended to measure. Participants' comments and practical recommendations will form an important knowledgebase for the instrument developers to use in the third stage of content validity, namely revising and refinement. CONCLUSION: The results confirmed the face- and content validity of the UFS IHMAI and supported the further development and psychometric testing of the assessment instrument for children in South Africa. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This article builds upon prior studies in which therapists in South Africa have recognised the necessity for an in -hand-manipulation (IHM) assessment. It offers a concise overview of instrument development theory and delineates the iterative process employed in developing the first draft of the University of the Free State In-Hand Manipulation Assessment Instrument (UFS IHMAI). Additionally, this article furnishes background details regarding the proposed instrument's content, administration, and scoring guidelines. It also incorporates therapists' perspectives as end-users, providing informed perceptions and consensus on the content validity of the proposed instrument. The suggestions provided by the participating therapist working within the South African context can be employed by the researchers to inform the revision, reconstruction, and refinement of the instrument. Subsequently, the revised version will undergo another round of content validity testing (with experts in instrument development, and in the field) and other psychometric testing. As instrument development is an iterative and ongoing refinement process, the implication of this research might only become apparent after further studies.

Resumen: Las clases de Geometría son complicadas de entender para los estudiantes porque es difícil imaginarse las formas de las figuras que se estudian y sus características. En esta investigación, se diseñaron clases basadas en el constructivismo, que fueron aplicadas a estudiantes de una carrera de educación. El objetivo fue validar esta propuesta de clases, que hacen énfasis en la participación activa del estudiante en su formación, donde se proponen actividades que incentivan el aprendizaje mediante el uso de materiales manipulables, software educativo y aplicaciones de la geometría a la vida cotidiana. La investigación fue un estudio de caso que tuvo un enfoque cualitativo. Se diseñaron 4 clases y se intervino a un grupo de 40 estudiantes de una carrera de educación y mediante un grupo focal se reflexionó sobre su experiencia con la propuesta. Como resultado, los estudiantes mencionaron que les motivó trabajar con métodos activos y en colaboración con sus compañeros; que la manipulación de recursos didácticos concretos y virtuales les facilita la comprensión de temas que usualmente son complejos. En conclusión, el desarrollo de clases constructivistas plantea al docente el uso de nuevas metodologías y recursos educativos, que incentiven a los estudiantes a lograr aprendizajes significativos y duraderos.

Abstract: Geometry classes are always complicated for students to understand, because it is difficult to imagine the shapes of the figures being studied and their characteristics. In this research, classes based on constructivism were designed, which were then applied to students of an education career, the objective was to validate this proposal for classes that emphasize the active participation of the student in their training, where activities are proposed that encourage learning through the use of manipulatives, educational software and applications of geometry to everyday life. The research is a case study that had a qualitative approach, 4 classes were designed and a group of 40 students from an education degree were interviewed, then, using the focus group technique, they reflected on their experience with the new classes. As a result, the students mentioned that they are motivated to work with active methods and in collaboration with their classmates, that the manipulation of concrete and virtual teaching resources makes it easier for them to understand topics that are usually complex. In conclusion, the development of constructivist classes proposes to the teacher the use of new methodologies and educational resources, which motivate and encourage students to achieve significant and lasting learning.

Resumen La democracia en la era digital trae consigo nuevas preocupaciones en medio de la atmósfera de desconfianza, la crisis de la representación y la fatiga democrática que contribuye a elevar los zumbidos y profundiza la confusión, especialmente en época electoral. En tal sentido, la aldea digital introduce nuevas prácticas que deben ser entendidas y debatidas al girar en torno a un individualismo hiperinformado manipulado que afecta la democracia liberal. El debate público en clave con la comunicación pública virtual y, al mismo momento, los colaterales para el proyecto democrático debe ser objeto de reflexión ante la abierta manipulación buscando la frontera entre el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión y la censura previa.

Resumo A democracia na era digital traz consigo novas preocupações no meio da atmosfera de desconfiança, da crise de representação e da fadiga democrática que contribui para aumentar o burburinho e aprofundar a confusão, especialmente em tempo de eleições. Neste sentido, a aldeia digital introduz novas práticas que devem ser compreendidas e debatidas, uma vez que gira em torno de um individualismo manipulado e hiper-informado que afecta a democracia liberal. O debate público em termos de comunicação pública virtual e, ao mesmo tempo, os danos colaterais ao projeto democrático devem ser objeto de reflexão face à manipulação aberta, procurando a fronteira entre o exercício da liberdade de expressão e a censura prévia.

Abstract Democracy in the digital age brings with it new concerns amid the atmosphere of mistrust, the crisis of representation and democratic fatigue that contributes to heightened buzz and deepens confusion, especially in electoral times. In this sense, the digital village introduces new practices that must be understood and debated as they revolve around a manipulated hyper-informed individualism that affects liberal democracy. The public debate in key with virtual public communication and, at the same time, the collaterals for the democratic project must be the object of reflection before the open manipulation seeking the border between the exercise of freedom of expression and prior censorship.

Abstract The article approaches population aging and euthanasia from an ethical perspective based on the principles of ontologically grounded personalist bioethics. The principles of dignity of the person, respect for physical life, solidarity, subsidiarity, justice and the common good are highlighted and shown how they apply in both contexts. The importance of an honest dialogue on euthanasia is emphasized, avoiding manipulation of language. It is emphasized that any discussion of euthanasia must be supported by thorough ethical reflection and that the rights of the elderly must be always protected. The article approaches these complex issues from a perspective that values the dignity and rights of older people and promotes their well-being, while thoughtfully and responsibly discussing the ethical issues surrounding euthanasia.

Resumen El artículo aborda el envejecimiento poblacional y la eutanasia desde una perspectiva ética basada en los principios de la bioética personalista ontológicamente fundamentada. Se resaltan los principios de la dignidad de la persona, el respeto a la vida física, la solidaridad, la subsidiariedad, la justicia y el bien común y se muestra cómo se aplican en ambos contextos. Se enfatiza la importancia de un diálogo honesto sobre la eutanasia, evitando la manipulación del lenguaje. Se destaca que cualquier discusión sobre la eutanasia debe ser respaldada por una reflexión ética profunda y que los derechos de las personas mayores deben protegerse en todo momento. El artículo aborda estas cuestiones complejas desde una perspectiva que valore la dignidad y los derechos de las personas mayores y promueva su bienestar, al tiempo que se discuten de manera reflexiva y responsable las cuestiones éticas en torno a la eutanasia.

An investigation into moving electromagnetic near-field hotspots inside a resonant cavity is presented. The investigation focused on simulating an alternative approach to microwave thermal ablation of tumours by manipulating the interaction between electromagnetic near fields instead of utilising an interstitial antenna. The methodology comprised comparing various electromagnetic field solvers, verifying the simulation techniques, characterising a rectangular resonant cavity, and attempting to manipulate the position of its hotspots by introducing a feed phase shift. The effects of dielectric media were also investigated. Progressive hotspot movement was achieved using input phase manipulation between 2.55 and 2.7 GHz with the feeds on opposite walls. No pattern change was evident at the system's eigenfrequencies, indicating a constant field pattern at its resonant peaks. Furthermore, it was determined that the characteristic modes of the system were narrowband, such that the addition of dielectric material altered the system's resonance. Therefore, the application of this method to thermal ablation, which requires high precision, accuracy and control, was deemed impractical. Future recommendations include using adjustable geometry to design field patterns, comparing dielectric media with significant thermal mass, and investigating the 'inverse problem' to create a specific current distribution around the resonant cavity and induce the desired hotspot patterns.

Resumen: Este artículo explora los desafíos que presenta a la bioética la emergencia del transhumanismo en Occidente. La exploración es abordada desde una perspectiva de investigación genealógica, que tiene por objetivo preguntarse por las condiciones de inteligibilidad del transhumanismo y a partir de allí analizar sus impactos en la actualización de un debate central en bioética, a saber, los límites a la manipulación de la vida humana. El transhumanismo, habitando la crisis del humanismo que le antecede y compele, reactualiza la cuestión de la condición humana presentando una línea argumental que al menos autoriza a formular de nuevo la pregunta límite: ¿podemos, o acaso debemos, ir más allá de lo humano?.

Abstract: This article explores the challenges presented to bioethics by the emergence of transhumanism in the West. The exploration is approached from a genealogical research perspective. A genealogical investigation aims to question the conditions of intelligibility of transhumanism and from there analyze its impacts on the updating of a central debate in bioethics, namely: the limits to the manipulation of human life. Transhumanism, inhabiting the crisis of humanism that precedes and compels it, updates the issue of the human condition by presenting a line of argument that at least authorizes to formulate again the limit question: can we/should we go beyond the human?.

Resumo: Este artigo explora os desafios apresentados à bioética pela emergência do transumanismo no Ocidente. A exploração é abordada a partir de uma perspectiva de pesquisa genealógica. Uma investigação genealógica visa indagar sobre as condições de inteligibilidade do transumanismo e a partir daí analisar seus impactos na atualização de um debate central na bioética, a saber: os limites à manipulação da vida humana. O transumanismo, habitando a crise do humanismo que o precede e o compele, atualiza a questão da condição humana ao apresentar uma linha de argumentação que ao menos nos autoriza a formular novamente a questão límite: podemos ou devemos ir além do que é humano?.

Abstract Currently, several industries have opted for the use of Cannabis sativa for different purposes, this time the capacity of the hemp stem fiber in conjunction with the Ralstonia eutropha bacterium for innovation of biodegradable plastics is highlighted, taking advantage of its potential for the generation of PHB (Polyhydroxybutyrate). This review article supports the analysis of sources such as scientific articles and research papers related to the artisanal and industrial manipulation of hemp fibers, as well as previous research regarding the production of PHA by the bacteria. The perspective is to develop a methodology with easily accessible resources in Colombia. The results show that the investigations carried out recently and the raw material is a good factor in economy, management, and progress; Additionally, different studies show that cassava is recognized as a great source of carbon that increases the potential for PHB production by the bacteria. It is concluded that its composting does not require third parties. Still, only the environment because of the power that Ralstonia eutropha has to produce PHB and that under conditions of physiological stress, it is capable of degrading, allowing to reduce the impact of the degradation of the material in the environment without contamination or residual microplastics.

Resumen Actualmente varias industrias de diversa índole han apostado por el uso de Cannabis sativa con diferentes fines, en esta ocasión se resalta la capacidad que tiene la fibra del tallo de cáñamo en conjunto con la bacteria Ralstonia eutropha para la generación de plásticos biodegradables, aprovechando su potencial para la generación de PHB (Polihidroxibutirato). En este artículo de revisión se sustenta el análisis de fuentes como artículos científicos y trabajos de investigación relacionados con la manipulación artesanal e industrial de las fibras de cáñamo, así como también investigaciones previas con respecto a la producción de PHA por parte de la bacteria Ralstonia eutropha. La perspectiva es desarrollar una metodología con recursos de fácil acceso en Colombia. Los resultados arrojan que las investigaciones realizadas recientemente y la materia prima son un buen factor en cuanto economía, manejo y progreso; adicionalmente diferentes estudios evidencian que la yuca se ha reconocido como una gran fuente de carbono que permite aumentar el potencial de producción de PHB por parte de la bacteria. Se concluye que su compostaje no requiera de terceros, solamente del ambiente gracias al poder que posee la Ralstonia eutropha de producir PHB, y que bajo condiciones de estrés fisiológico es capaz de degradarse completamente permitiendo disminuir el impacto de la descomposición del material en el medio ambiente, sin contaminaciones o microplásticos residuales.

Abstract Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium producing staphylococcal enterotoxins, responsible worldwide for outbreaks of staphylococcal poisoning. Objective: To determine the genotypification and prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus type B, C, D, and E in nasopharyngeal smears of food-handlers. Material and method: Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained of 100 food-handlers from food services of Chillán city, after signing informed consent, the samples were transported to 4 ° C, and then inoculated for 48 hours at 37 ° C in Baird Parker Agar plates. After the confirmatory tests of catalase and coagulase for Staphylococcus aureus, DNA extraction and subsequent molecular identification of enterotoxin type B, C, D, and E were performed by means of conventional PCR amplification. Results: The 38% of the sample was positive by Staphylococcus aureus. Of the total carriers of the bacteria, it was identified that 28.9% produced enterotoxin type B and 7.9% produced type E enterotoxin, of this 2.6% were producers of both enterotoxins. The presence of enterotoxins C and D was not detected by PCR. Conclusions: The 38% of 100 the food-handlers studied carry Staphylococcus aureus, and 36,8% of them produce enterotoxins B and E, representing 14% of the total group of study. Our observation suggests the necessity of strict protocols of food manipulation to prevent contamination of food with S. aureus.

Resumen Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus es una bacteria Gram positiva productora enterotoxinas estafilocócicas, responsables a nivel mundial de brotes por intoxicación estafilocócica. Objetivo: Determinar la genotipificación y prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigénico tipo B, C, D y E en frotis nasofaríngeos de manipuladores de alimentos de Chile. Material y método: Este estudio se realizó en una muestra de 100 manipuladores de alimentos de servicios de alimentación de Chillán. Realizando en una primera etapa, previa firma de consentimiento informado, muestreo nasofaríngeo en los lugares de trabajo. Las muestras se trasladaron a 4°C, para luego ser inoculadas por 48 horas a 37 °C en placas Agar Baird Parker. Posterior a las pruebas confirmativas de catalasa y coagulasa para Staphylococcus aureus, se realizó extracción de ADN y posterior identificación molecular de enterotoxina tipo B, C, D y E, mediante la amplificación por PCR convencional. Resultados: El 38% de la muestra estaba colonizada por Staphylococcus aureus. Del total de portadores de la bacteria se identificó que el 28,9% producían la enterotoxina tipo B y el 7,9% producían la enterotoxina tipo E, de estos un 2,6% era productor de ambas enterotoxinas. No se detectó presencia de las enterotoxinas C y D. Conclusiones: El 38% de los 100 manipuladores de alimentos de servicios de alimentación estudiados es portador de Staphylococcus aureus, y 36,8% de estos producen enterotoxinas B y E, representando un 14% del grupo total de estudio.

Abstract Multiple human burial sites have been found in Northeastern Patagonia. In the Negro River valley, burials share certain characteristics such as being in elevated areas and being reused for both burials and other activities. This pattern extends in the valley of the Colorado River and the Atlantic Coast. To the South of the Negro River, in the lowlands or “travesía”, there is no information available regarding mortuary sites. By contrast, there is information immediately to the South of the travesía, in the Somuncurá foothills and plateau. In this region, the mortuary sites differ from those in the North by their emplacement in small rock shelters, their exclusive use for mortuary purposes, and generally having funerary accompaniment. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the human remains of the Aguada Cecilio site (Somuncurá foothills, Río Negro, Argentina) and discusses them regarding the variability of bioarchaeological record from the interior of Northeast Patagonia during the late Holocene. The site contains only subadult remains with signs of postmortem manipulation and an associated projectile point. Its inclusion into the regional bioarchaeological evidence made it possible to discuss the variation in the funerary pattern between the North and South interior of Northeastern Patagonia.

Resumen En el Noreste de Patagonia se han hallado múltiples sitios con entierros humanos. En el valle del río Negro los entierros comparten ciertas características, tales como ubicarse en sectores elevados y reutilizarse para realizar entierros y otras actividades. Este patrón también se observa en el valle del río Colorado y en la costa atlántica de Patagonia. Hacia el Sur del río Negro, en los bajos o “travesía”, no hay información sobre sitios mortuorios, pero sí inmediatamente al Sur de la travesía, en el piedemonte y meseta de Somuncurá. En esta región los sitios funerarios se distinguen de los del Norte por ubicarse en oquedades rocosas, ser únicamente de entierro y por lo general contener acompañamiento mortuorio. Este trabajo presenta los resultados del análisis de los restos humanos del sitio Aguada Cecilio (piedemonte de Somuncurá, Río Negro, Argentina) y los discute en relación con la variabilidad del registro bioarqueológico del Noreste de Patagonia durante el Holoceno tardío. El sitio contiene únicamente restos de subadultos con signos de manipulación postmortem y una punta de proyectil asociada. Su incorporación a la información bioarqueológica regional permitió discutir la variación en el patrón funerario entre el Norte y Sur del interior del Noreste de Patagonia.

Abstract Introduction: Biohacking's emergence has reshaped scientific research, especially within transhumanism and biological manipulation. Evaluating its impact on the scientific community is crucial for defining future research directions and communication in this field. Objective: To critically examine perspectives, approaches, and debates in academic literature to develop a comprehensive understanding of the ethical, social, and cultural implications of technological advancement within the transhumanist context. Methods: SCOPUS and bibliometric analysis were employed to quantify biohacking's influence. Social Network Analysis identified key themes and research focus areas. Results: North American and European countries led in scientific productivity. Published articles and citation impact showed a moderate to low index. Social Network Analysis highlighted ethical considerations, social implications, and an emerging discourse on cognitive evolution. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for comprehensive education and communication strategies to ensure that the public is well-informed about the risks, benefits, and ethical considerations associated with genetic modification technologies. Therefore, more research on legislation and regulations is required.

Resumen Introducción: La aparición del biohacking ha reconfigurado la investigación científica, especialmente en el ámbito del transhumanismo y la manipulación biológica. Evaluar su impacto en la comunidad científica es crucial para definir futuras direcciones de investigación y comunicación en este campo. Objetivo: Examinar críticamente perspectivas, enfoques y debates en la literatura académica para desarrollar una comprensión global de las implicaciones éticas, sociales y culturales del avance tecnológico dentro del contexto transhumanista. Métodos: Se empleó la base de datos SCOPUS y análisis bibliométricos para cuantificar la influencia del biohacking. El análisis de redes sociales identificó temas clave y áreas de investigación. Resultados: Los países norteamericanos y europeos lideraron la productividad científica. Los artículos publicados y el impacto de las citas mostraron un índice de moderado a bajo. El análisis de redes sociales puso de relieve consideraciones éticas, implicaciones sociales y un discurso emergente sobre la evolución cognitiva. Conclusión: Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de estrategias integrales de educación y comunicación para garantizar que el público esté bien informado sobre los riesgos, beneficios y consideraciones éticas asociados a las tecnologías de modificación genética. Por lo tanto, se requiere más investigación sobre legislación y normativa.

Resumo Introdução: A emergência do biohacking veio remodelar a investigação científica, nomeadamente no domínio do transhumanismo e da manipulação biológica. A avaliação do seu impacto na comunidade científica é crucial para definir futuras direcções de investigação e comunicação neste domínio. Objetivo: Examinar criticamente perspectivas, abordagens e debates na literatura académica para desenvolver uma compreensão abrangente das implicações éticas, sociais e culturais do avanço tecnológico no contexto transhumanista. Métodos: A base de dados SCOPUS e a análise bibliométrica foram utilizadas para quantificar a influência do biohacking. A análise de redes sociais identificou os principais temas e áreas de investigação. Resultados: Os países da América do Norte e da Europa lideraram a produtividade científica. Os artigos publicados e o impacto das citações revelaram uma taxa moderada a baixa. A análise da rede social destacou considerações éticas, implicações sociais e um discurso emergente sobre a evolução cognitiva. Conclusão: Os resultados sublinham a necessidade de estratégias abrangentes de educação e comunicação para garantir que o público esteja bem informado sobre os riscos, benefícios e considerações éticas associadas às tecnologias de modificação genética. Por conseguinte, é necessária mais investigação sobre legislação e regulamentação.

BACKGROUND: Limited scientific evidence guides hand rehabilitation towards improved hand function, and safe early return to work. Grasp types, the subunits of object manipulation and the forces which may improve functional outcomes, have been identified as missing links that may inform rehabilitation after second to fifth metacarpal fractures, through progression of basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of the study was to collect ADL forces through grasp types to inform hand rehabilitation for second to fifth metacarpal fractures. METHODS: This cross-sectional, quantitative study included 32 conveniently sampled healthy adults aged 20 and 59 years. Thirty-one (31) ADLs, both basic and instrumental, each associated with a predominant grasp type, were tested. The participants donned two testing gloves, with force sensing resistors (FSRs) glued to the fingertips, the ADLs were performed, and forces measured. The researcher imported the force data into an Excel spreadsheet for both descriptive and inferential analyses with STATA. RESULTS: Fourteen males and 18 females, with a mean age of 37 years, participated. Statistically significant differences between genders were found for seven grasp types. Three thumb-adducted power palm grasps, three thumb-abduction precision pad grasps, and one thumb-abduction power palm grasp constituted the testing. Light and heavy ADLs and their associated grasp types were identified CONCLUSION: To ensure optimal hand function, early safe return to ADLs should be the goal of second to fifth metacarpal fracture rehabilitation and may be achieved by incorporating active grasp types as exercises with graded resisted grasp types and ADLs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: • Occupational therapists can incorporate grasp types in their observation during assessments of individuals who sustained second to fifth metacarpal fractures to determine the subcomponents of functional deficits. • Hand rehabilitation may be augmented by incorporating grasp types in isolation during unresisted active joint range of motion. • Occupational therapists, guided by the analysis of hand functioning, can incorporate ADLs with the predominant grasp types which may improve hand function. • Grasp force data may guide safe and early return to function.

ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to analyze the encoding-decoding relationships that occur in the communication process based on the brain mechanism. It is established how this process in communication is not covered by the cerebral hemispheres but by the mechanism of implicit and explicit systems. The received information enters one of these systems in accordance with the tactics of processing and regulates the subsequent human activity. Throughout the study, the symptoms of the explicit and implicit systems were explained in parallel, and the roles of these systems in human behavior were determined. The peculiarities of these two different phenomena have been revealed based on the media market, which is relevant to the process of communication. Advertising acts, created based on pre-planned intentions, more accurately demonstrate in this regard the form in which the buyer's activity is manipulated. Thanks to studies conducted, it is known that the manipulation of the activity of the opposite side is carried out by the implicit system. Implicatures, which have a special place in the implicit system, are considered as the main concepts here. According to the results of the study, it is possible to influence the implicit system and regulate future activities based on expressions used correctly and appropriately from a pragmatic point of view in any communication process.

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las relaciones de codificación-decodificación que se dan en el proceso de comunicación a partir del mecanismo cerebral. Se ha establecido cómo este proceso en la comunicación no está abarcado por los hemisferios cerebrales, sino por el mecanismo de sistemas implícitos y explícitos. La información recibida ingresa a uno de estos sistemas de acuerdo con las tácticas de procesamiento y regula la actividad humana posterior. A lo largo del estudio, se explicaron en paralelo los síntomas del sistema explícito e implícito y se determinaron los roles de estos sistemas en el comportamiento humano. Las peculiaridades de estos dos fenómenos diferentes se han revelado a partir del mercado de los medios de comunicación, que es relevante en el proceso de comunicación. Los actos publicitarios creados sobre la base de intenciones previamente planificadas demuestran con mayor precisión a este respecto la forma en que se manipula la actividad del comprador. Gracias a los estudios realizados se sabe que la manipulación de la actividad del lado opuesto la realiza el sistema implícito. Aquí se consideran como conceptos principales las implicaturas, que ocupan un lugar especial en el sistema implícito. Según los resultados del estudio, es posible influir en el sistema implícito y regular las actividades futuras a partir de expresiones utilizadas correcta y adecuadamente desde un punto de vista pragmático en cualquier proceso comunicativo.

Resumen La visión por computadora (VC) puede ser un proceso que facilite algunas tareas en la gestión de inventarios, por medio de este proceso se puede realizar un análisis permanente de un inventario y así mantener registro de todos los movimientos realizados, entregando un reporte instantáneo cuando sea requerido. Esto supone una mejora en la seguridad, ya que al mantener un control estricto de los elementos existentes en el inventario se puede saber si un elemento pertenece o no a un inventario o cuando se retira o agrega un elemento, tras esta necesidad de control de inventario, surge la necesidad de diseñar un sistema inteligente que pueda facilitar el control de inventarios. Mediante la combinación de 2 frameworks, se realiza la creación de un algoritmo capaz de realizar la identificación y conteo de objetos, así como la identificación de la mano para determinar cuándo se realiza una manipulación humana al inventario. Para lograr este objetivo, se utilizaron dos algoritmos: MediaPipe y YOLOv5 combinado con el dataset de COCO, el primero se usó para la detección de manos y el segundo identifica y cuenta los objetos. Después de las pruebas realizadas al algoritmo se determina que el reconocimiento de manos de MediaPipe tuvo una precisión del 96% y la detección y clasificación de objetos usando YOLO fue de 43.7%. Teniendo como retos el algoritmo la superposición, la oclusión/auto oclusión de los objetos, o la pérdida de foco de los elementos debido al sensor.

Abstract Computer vision (CV) can be a process that facilitates some tasks in inventory management, through this process a permanent analysis of an inventory can be performed and thus keep record of all movements made, delivering an instant report when required. This means an improvement in security, since by keeping a strict control of the existing elements in the inventory it is possible to know if an element belongs or not to an inventory or when an element is removed or added, after this need for inventory control, the need arises to design an intelligent system that can facilitate inventory control. Through the combination of 2 frameworks, the creation of an algorithm capable of performing the identification and counting of objects, as well as the identification of the hand to determine when a human manipulation is performed to the inventory. To achieve this objective, two algorithms were used: MediaPipe and YOLOv5 combined with the COCO dataset, the first one was used for hand detection and the second one identifies and counts the objects. After testing the algorithm, it was determined that the hand recognition of MediaPipe had an accuracy of 96% and the detection and classification of objects using YOLO was 43.7%. Challenges for the algorithm were overlapping, occlusion/self-occlusion of objects, or loss of focus of items due to the sensor.

Abstract Actions to combat COVID-19 exposed the ills of a historically unequal society, visible in precarious basic sanitation, loss of employment/income and increased poverty. With the main sources of data being the Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, the World Health Organization and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, this article analyzes the impacts of the pandemic on social inequalities in Latin America, focusing on Brazil, preceded by a sociological debate on poverty, exclusion and inequality. The data indicates that the pandemic has intensified social inequalities, with the more privileged classes strengthening their positions and the poorest classes being drastically affected in different aspects depending on class, ethnic-racial, gender, age, conditions health, making them even more vulnerable to the risk of illness and death. Finally, there is an appeal for the construction of a less unfair and more supportive society, grounded on collective struggles, with a democratic and egalitarian society on the horizon.

Resumo As ações de combate à COVID-19 expuseram as mazelas de uma sociedade historicamente desigual, visíveis no precário saneamento básico, na perda de emprego/renda e no aumento da pobreza. Tendo como fontes principais dos dados a Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, a Organização Mundial de Saúde e o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, este artigo analisa os impactos da pandemia nas desigualdades sociais na América Latina, com foco no Brasil, precedido por um debate sociológico sobre pobreza, exclusão e desigualdade. Os dados indicam que a pandemia intensificou as desigualdades sociais, com as classes mais favorecidas a reforçarem as suas posições e as classes mais pobres a serem drasticamente afetadas em diferentes aspetos, em função da pertença de classe, étnico-racial, de género, idade, condições de saúde, tornando-as ainda mais vulneráveis ao risco de doença e morte. Por fim, apela-se à construção de uma sociedade menos injusta e mais solidária, alicerçada em lutas coletivas, tendo no horizonte uma sociedade democrática e igualitária.