The water resources within the lower section of the Upper Vaal catchment, where the Vaal Barrage is situated, are highly utilised and developed, and water quality regulation has become a contested space between resource users and the regulators. The credibility and scientific defensibility of discharge standards in water-use licences (WULs), the relationship between upstream and downstream waste loads, the relationship between flows and water quality standards in WUL, and the water quality components of the resource quality objectives (RQOs) are being contested. This study explores the perceptions and motivations underlying these contestations as a contribution to scientific understanding of water quality management in a highly developed system. Perceived unrealistic RQOs, perceived lack of scientific credibility of the methods for deriving water quality standards in WUL, data inadequacy, as well as poor institutional capacity were identified as the top motivations for contesting applicable regulatory instruments in the catchment. Punitive measures, incentives, and education and awareness-raising were identified as key to accelerating compliance. Overall, this paper contributes to our general understanding of the intricacies of water quality management within a contested space. SIGNIFICANCE: Water quality management in South Africa is increasingly becoming a contested space, particularly in catchments that are highly developed and utilised. The findings in this study imply that (1) there is a need for a multi-pronged approach to increase water quality compliance, (2) there is a need for trust within the regulatory system to foster confidence among actors and stakeholders, and (3) transparent, open processes and scientifically credible and defensible methods, and data are needed for deriving standards in water-use licences (WULs).

Resumen Esta investigación planteó como objetivo identificar recomendaciones para reducir la contaminación visual en entornos urbanos mediante la comparación de la "Ley Ciudad Limpia" de Londrina, Brasil y la "Ordenanza que Regula la Instalación de Medios Publicitarios y Propaganda Electoral en el Espacio Público y Privado" de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado y comparativo, destacando similitudes y diferencias entre ambas regulaciones, subrayando la necesidad de una adecuada gestión para proteger el paisaje urbano y a los ciudadanos que lo habitan. Se sugirió la implementación de medidas derivadas de la "Ley Ciudad Limpia" en Portoviejo para lograr un mejor manejo y control sobre aspectos técnicos de la rotulación comercial y de igual manera reducir el impacto ambiental causado en los espacios públicos de la urbe.

Abstract This research aimed to identify recommendations to reduce visual pollution in urban environments by comparing the "Clean City Law" of Londrina, Brazil and the "Ordinance Regulating the Installation of Advertising Media and Electoral Propaganda in Public and Private Space" from Portoviejo, Ecuador. A detailed and comparative analysis was carried out, highlighting similarities and differences between both regulations, underlining the need for adequate management to protect the urban landscape and the citizens who inhabit it. The implementation of measures derived from the "Clean City Law" in Portoviejo was suggested to achieve better management and control over technical aspects of commercial signage and likewise reduce the environmental impact caused in the city's public spaces.

Abstract The new economic actors are part of the transforming process pursued by the Cuban nation in the search for greater economic-social development and are born under the protection of new legislation that bets on the participation of all sectors of the country. The preparation and education of its representatives are in the hands of the University, which establishes links with companies and the population in order to promote the necessary professional training throughout life, which should not be framed in age groups, in a specific space or time, where the most important thing is the desire to better oneself. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the need for the creation of a diploma course for the training of economic actors. Different materials and methods were used, starting from a dialectical-materialist approach in a mixed approach; among the theoretical methods used are: analysis-synthesis, abstract-concrete, historical-logical, induction-deduction and as empirical methods and techniques: scientific, simple, systematic and non-participant observation. An initial diagnosis was also carried out on the systematization of research results. The experience provided made it possible to affirm that the new postgraduate program provides a group of training actions and offers the necessary management tools for the new economic actors, which can be seen in the main impacts obtained.

Resumo Os novos atores econômicos fazem parte do processo de transformação da nação cubana na busca de um maior desenvolvimento econômico e social e nascem sob a proteção de uma nova legislação comprometida com a participação de todos os setores do país. A preparação e a educação de seus representantes estão nas mãos da Universidade, que estabelece vínculos com as empresas e a população para promover a formação profissional necessária ao longo da vida, que não deve ser enquadrada em faixas etárias, em um espaço ou tempo específico, onde o mais importante é o desejo de se aperfeiçoar. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a necessidade da criação de um curso de diploma para a formação de agentes econômicos. Foram utilizados diferentes materiais e métodos, partindo de uma abordagem dialético-materialista em uma abordagem mista; entre os métodos teóricos utilizados estavam: análise-síntese, abstrato-concreto, histórico-lógico, indução-dedução, e como métodos e técnicas empíricas: observação científica, simples, sistemática e não-participante. Também foi realizado um diagnóstico inicial sobre a sistematização dos resultados da pesquisa. A experiência proporcionada permitiu afirmar que o novo curso de pós-graduação proporciona um conjunto de ações de formação e oferece as ferramentas de gestão necessárias para os novos atores econômicos, o que pode ser observado nos principais impactos obtidos.

Resumen Los nuevos actores económicos forman parte del proceso transformador que persigue la nación cubana en la búsqueda de un mayor desarrollo económico-social y nacen bajo el amparo de nuevas legislaciones que apuestan por la participación de todos los sectores del país. La preparación y educación de sus representantes están en manos de la Universidad, la cual establece vínculos con las empresas y la población en aras de propiciar la formación profesional necesaria a lo largo de toda la vida, que no se debe enmarcar en grupos etarios, en un espacio ni un tiempo determinado, donde lo más importante es el deseo de superarse. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la necesidad de la creación de un diplomado para la formación de los actores económicos. Se emplearon diferentes materiales y métodos que partieron de un enfoque dialéctico materialista en un enfoque mixto; dentro de los métodos teóricos utilizados se encuentran: el análisis-síntesis, el abstracto-concreto, el histórico-lógico, la inducción-deducción y como métodos y técnicas empíricos: la observación científica, simple, sistemática y no participante. También se llevó a cabo un diagnóstico inicial sobre la sistematización de resultados investigativos. La experiencia aportada permitió afirmar que el nuevo posgrado aporta un grupo de acciones de formación y ofrece las herramientas de gestión necesarias para los nuevos actores económicos, lo cual se aprecia en los principales impactos obtenidos.

Resumen: Podríamos caracterizar ambos proyectos en esta sección como “buenos vecinos”, cada uno ofreciendo espacios que trascienden sus roles institucionales y se conectan con la comunidad de manera independiente. En el Parque Nanhu, en Mengzi, China, la Librería Avant-Garde subvierte los ideales modernistas de claridad y funcionalidad de las circulaciones con un giro escheriano. Escaleras, rampas y superficies inclinadas configuran rutas múltiples y superpuestas a través del edificio, creando intercambios inesperados con su interior. La terraza pública en la cubierta y la estructura parcialmente elevada extienden los itinerarios y programas del parque al edificio, integrando asimismo la experiencia de la lectura en el paisaje que lo rodea. En Bruselas, la escasez de espacio para escuelas secundarias llevó a dos municipios vecinos de Bélgica a adquirir un edificio de oficinas y encargar su transformación en la Escuela Karreveld. El proyecto se desarrolló en dos fases: la primera conservó la estructura y priorizó la reutilización de los materiales existentes. La segunda fase introdujo dos nuevos volúmenes para acomodar funciones adicionales. Estrategicamente ubicados, los nuevos pabellones liberan el exterior para áreas de recreación vecinales. Accesos independientes permiten el uso del pabellón deportivo fuera del horario escolar, respondiendo tanto a las necesidades de la escuela como a las del barrio.

Abstract: We could characterize both projects in this section as “good neighbors,” each offering spaces that transcend their institutional roles and engage the community independently. In Nanhu Park, in Mengzi, China, the Avant-Garde Bookstore subverts modernist ideals of the clarity and functionality of circulations with an Escherian twist. Stairs, ramps, and inclined surfaces configure multiple and overlapping routes through the building, offering unexpected exchanges with its interior. The public rooftop terrace and the partially elevated structure extend the park’s public itineraries and programs into the building, and by the same token, integrate books and the act of reading into the park’s landscape. In Brussels, the shortage of space for secondary schools led two neighboring municipalities in Belgium to acquire an office building and commission its transformation into the Karreveld School. The project was developed in two phases: the first preserved the structure and prioritized the reuse of existing materials. The second phase introduced two new volumes to accommodate additional functions. Strategically placed, the new pavilions free up exterior space for neighborhood recreational areas. Independent access points allow the sports pavilion to be used outside school hours, serving the needs of the school and the neighborhood.

Abstract: This study focuses on the implementation of real-time 360° video for the initial training of elementary education mathematics teachers through tele-immersion. It examines how this technology influences the perception, interpretation, and decision-making of preservice teachers, referred to as noticing ability. Based on a descriptive qualitative design, the interactions and decisions of 32 future teachers involved in collaborative statistical problem-solving classes were analyzed. The methodology included four phases of collaboration and reflection, supported by a knowledge management and tele-immersion model using 360° cameras. The results indicated that tele-immersion facilitated a deep immersion in real pedagogical contexts, improving perception and decision-making skills at the level of experienced teachers. The immersion, in synergy with the collaboration between practicing teachers and academic trainers, facilitated an effective transition in several key categories, such as: the role, from student to teacher; the space, from university classroom to school classroom; the knowledge, from general to specific in solving and guiding statistical problems; and the activity, from design to implementation. Despite technical challenges, tele-immersion proved to be an invaluable tool for teacher training, promoting a deeper and more effective integration between theory and practice.

Resumen: Este estudio se centra en la implementación de videos 360° en tiempo real para la formación inicial de profesores de matemáticas de educación básica mediante la tele-inmersión. Se analiza cómo esta tecnología influye en la capacidad de noticing de los estudiantes de pedagogía; es decir, su percepción, habilidades interpretativas y toma de decisiones. A partir de un diseño cualitativo descriptivo, se examinaron las interacciones y decisiones de 32 futuros docentes involucrados en clases de resolución colaborativa de problemas estadísticos. La metodología abarcó cuatro fases de colaboración y reflexión, apoyadas en un modelo de gestión del conocimiento y tele-inmersión utilizando cámaras 360°. Los resultados indicaron que la tele-inmersión facilita un involucramiento profundo en contextos pedagógicos reales, lo que mejora la percepción y capacidad de tomar decisiones desde el contacto con el nivel de docentes experimentados. La inmersión, en sinergia con la colaboración entre docentes en ejercicio y formadores académicos, propició una transición efectiva en varias categorías clave como: el rol, desde estudiante a profesor; el espacio, del aula universitaria al escolar; el conocimiento, de uno general a uno específico en la resolución y guía de problemas estadísticos; y la actividad, desde el diseño hasta la implementación. A pesar de los desafíos técnicos, la tele-inmersión demostró ser una herramienta invaluable para la formación docente, al promover una integración más profunda y efectiva entre teoría y práctica.

Abstract Introduction. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, also known as Wilkie syndrome, is a rare entity in which a reduction in the aorto-mesenteric angle or space determines extrinsic compression with obstruction of the distal third of the duodenum, demonstrating characteristic symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction. The mainstay of treatment is conservative medical management with nutritional repletion, with the aim of increasing the thickness of the retroperitoneal fat and thereby resolving duodenal compression. Clinical case. A 16-year-old patient, with a chronic course marked by abdominal pain, constipation, bloating, heartburn and weight loss. Initially was treated as an acid-peptic disease, with poor improvement. Imaging studies were performed, which documented a decrease in the aorto-mesenteric angle. Conclusion. Based on the symptoms and findings on diagnostic images, the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome was made, which is a cause of intestinal obstruction with a very low incidence. Its clinical presentation includes a wide variety of symptoms, among which abdominal pain and weight loss stand out. Confusion with other more common diseases is common, such as acid-peptic disease, gastrointestinal reflux and malabsorption. Its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, so it is important to know this entity and consider it in the study of patients with the aforementioned symptoms.

Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior, también conocido como síndrome de Wilkie, es una entidad infrecuente en la que una reducción del ángulo o espacio aorto-mesentérico determina una compresión extrínseca con obstrucción del tercio distal del duodeno, demostrando síntomas y signos característicos de obstrucción intestinal. El pilar del tratamiento es el manejo médico conservador con repleción nutricional, con el objetivo de aumentar el grosor de la grasa retroperitoneal y con esto resolver la compresión duodenal. Caso clínico. Paciente de 16 años, con un curso crónico marcado por dolor abdominal, estreñimiento, distensión, pirosis y pérdida de peso. Inicialmente se trató como una enfermedad ácido-péptica, con pobre mejoría, por lo que se realizaron estudios imagenológicos con lo que se documentó una disminución del ángulo aortomesentérico. Resultado. Se instauró un manejo médico con un protocolo de repleción nutricional por vía oral, para lograr ganancia de peso y evitar la cirugía. Conclusión. Con base a los síntomas y hallazgos en imágenes diagnósticas se hizo el diagnóstico de síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior, que es una causa de obstrucción intestinal con muy baja incidencia. Su presentación clínica incluye gran variedad de síntomas, entre los que destaca el dolor abdominal y la pérdida de peso. Es frecuente la confusión con otras enfermedades más frecuentes, como enfermedad ácido-péptica, reflujo gastrointestinal y malabsorción. Su diagnóstico requiere un alto índice de sospecha, por lo que es importante conocer esta entidad y considerarla en el estudio de pacientes con los síntomas mencionados.

Abstract (Introduction): Coastal areas constitute the interface between land and marine environments, connected through multiple natural and socioecological processes that contribute to human well-being. (Objective): Identify land and marine uses and activities with mutual implications and biophysical processes in the northern region of the Bonaerense Coastal Ecosystem (Argentina), in order to evaluate the degree of compatibility or conflict between these activities, with emphasis on the fishing activity. (Methodology): The land-sea-land (T-M-T) methodological analysis was applied. Uses and activities (U&A) and biophysical processes of marine and land origin were determined. Interactions between marine-land and biophysical processes T-M-T were identified for further categorization and analysis. (Results): A total of 121 U&A sea-land-sea (L-S-L) interactions related to fishing were detected. Medium conflicts were mainly caused by competition for space or resources and were associated with the coexistence of U&A (tourism, fishing, and communication activities), both spatially and temporally. Of the total, 68 negative interactions were observed between biophysical processes and U&A L-S-L, which were linked to climatic events and the effects of climate change (variation in sea surface temperature, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, as well as variations in sediment transport and coastal erosion). (Conclusions): The analysis carried out constitutes an advancement in the study of U&A T-M-T in coastal-marine areas of the Atlantic coast and their interactions, with emphasis on fishing activities, as a contribution to their management with an ecosystemic approach.

Resumen (Introducción): Los espacios litorales constituyen la interfaz entre los ambientes terrestres y marinos, conectados por múltiples procesos naturales y socioecológicos, proporcionando bienes y servicios ecosistémicos para el bienestar humano. (Objetivo): Identificar los usos y actividades tanto terrestres como marinos con implicancias mutuas y los procesos biofísicos en la región norte del Ecosistema Costero Bonaerense (Argentina), con el fin de evaluar el grado de compatibilidad o conflicto entre estas actividades, con énfasis en el sector pesquero. (Metodología): Se aplicó el análisis metodológico tierra-mar-tierra (T-M-T). Se determinaron los usos y actividades (UyA), así como procesos biofísicos de origen marino y terrestre. Se identificaron las interacciones entre UyA marinos y terrestres, y procesos físicos T-M-T, para su posterior categorización y análisis de las interacciones previamente identificadas. (Resultados): Se notaron 121 interacciones de UyA T-M-T vinculadas con la pesca. Predominaron los conflictos medios por competencia de espacio o recursos y se relacionaron con la coexistencia espacial y temporal de UyA (turísticas, pesquera y comunicaciones). Se detectaron 68 interacciones negativas entre los procesos biofísicos y UyA asociados a eventos climáticos e impactos derivados del cambio climático (modificaciones en la temperatura superficial del mar, circulación atmosférica y oceánica, así como variaciones en el transporte de sedimentos y erosión costera). (Conclusiones): El análisis efectuado constituye un avance en el estudio entre UyA T-M-T en zonas litorales costero-marinas de la costa atlántica y de sus interacciones, con énfasis en la actividad pesquera, como aporte a la gestión de aquellos, con un enfoque ecosistémico.

RESUMEN El español académico se ha convertido en una opción de creciente valor para sostener los estudios de Medicina en el caso de los educandos no hispanohablantes; es esta la relevancia de su gestión educativa en las universidades cubanas como espacio de renovación académica para extranjeros provenientes de distintas culturas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer las principales tendencias históricas de la gestión educativa del español académico para estudiantes de Medicina no hispanohablantes. Se emplearon métodos científicos del nivel teórico como el histórico-lógico y el analítico-sintético, se realizó la revisión documental de planes de estudio y otros documentos, así como artículos científicos publicados. Se asumió el método holístico-dialéctico para el análisis general de la evolución histórica de la gestión educativa aludida. La revisión documental realizada permitió el establecimiento de hitos que marcan tres etapas del proceso. El análisis se realizó teniendo en cuenta indicadores como potencialidades del currículo para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa, rasgos interaccionales de la educación en el trabajo y contextos de inmersión formativa e intercultural. Se revelaron como tendencias que no se aprovechan los contextos de inmersión como recursos instrumentales idóneos para el aprendizaje comunicativo de la profesión de estudiantes de Medicina no hispanohablantes. Se constata que se requiere una gestión educativa del español académico para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa a partir de la educación en el trabajo.

ABSTRACT Academic Spanish has become an increasingly valuable option to support medical studies for non-Spanish speaking students; this is the relevance of its educational management in Cuban universities as a space for academic renewal for foreigners from different cultures. This article aims to expose the main historical trends in the educational management of academic Spanish for non-Spanish speaking medical students. Theoretical scientific methods such as historical-logical and analytical-synthetic were used, and the documentary review of curricula and other documents, as well as published scientific articles, was carried out. The holistic-dialectical method for the general analysis of the historical evolution of the mentioned educational management was assumed. The documentary review made it possible to establish milestones that mark three stages of the process. The analysis was carried out taking into account indicators such as the potential of the curriculum for the development of communicative competence, interactional features of education at work and contexts of formative and intercultural immersion. They were revealed as trends that do not take advantage of immersion contexts as ideal instrumental resources for communicative learning in the profession of non-Spanish speaking medical students. It is noted that an educational management of academic Spanish is required for the development of communicative competence based on education at work.

Abstract (Introduction): Coastal areas constitute the interface between land and marine environments, connected through multiple natural and socioecological processes that contribute to human well-being. (Objective): Identify land and marine uses and activities with mutual implications and biophysical processes in the northern region of the Bonaerense Coastal Ecosystem (Argentina), in order to evaluate the degree of compatibility or conflict between these activities, with emphasis on the fishing activity. (Methodology): The land-sea-land (T-M-T) methodological analysis was applied. Uses and activities (U&A) and biophysical processes of marine and land origin were determined. Interactions between marine-land and biophysical processes T-M-T were identified for further categorization and analysis. (Results): A total of 121 U&A sea-land-sea (L-S-L) interactions related to fishing were detected. Medium conflicts were mainly caused by competition for space or resources and were associated with the coexistence of U&A (tourism, fishing, and communication activities), both spatially and temporally. Of the total, 68 negative interactions were observed between biophysical processes and U&A L-S-L, which were linked to climatic events and the effects of climate change (variation in sea surface temperature, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, as well as variations in sediment transport and coastal erosion). (Conclusions): The analysis carried out constitutes an advancement in the study of U&A T-M-T in coastal-marine areas of the Atlantic coast and their interactions, with emphasis on fishing activities, as a contribution to their management with an ecosystemic approach.

Resumen (Introducción): Los espacios litorales constituyen la interfaz entre los ambientes terrestres y marinos, conectados por múltiples procesos naturales y socioecológicos, proporcionando bienes y servicios ecosistémicos para el bienestar humano. (Objetivo): Identificar los usos y actividades tanto terrestres como marinos con implicancias mutuas y los procesos biofísicos en la región norte del Ecosistema Costero Bonaerense (Argentina), con el fin de evaluar el grado de compatibilidad o conflicto entre estas actividades, con énfasis en el sector pesquero. (Metodología): Se aplicó el análisis metodológico tierra-mar-tierra (T-M-T). Se determinaron los usos y actividades (UyA), así como procesos biofísicos de origen marino y terrestre. Se identificaron las interacciones entre UyA marinos y terrestres, y procesos físicos T-M-T, para su posterior categorización y análisis de las interacciones previamente identificadas. (Resultados): Se notaron 121 interacciones de UyA T-M-T vinculadas con la pesca. Predominaron los conflictos medios por competencia de espacio o recursos y se relacionaron con la coexistencia espacial y temporal de UyA (turísticas, pesquera y comunicaciones). Se detectaron 68 interacciones negativas entre los procesos biofísicos y UyA asociados a eventos climáticos e impactos derivados del cambio climático (modificaciones en la temperatura superficial del mar, circulación atmosférica y oceánica, así como variaciones en el transporte de sedimentos y erosión costera). (Conclusiones): El análisis efectuado constituye un avance en el estudio entre UyA T-M-T en zonas litorales costero-marinas de la costa atlántica y de sus interacciones, con énfasis en la actividad pesquera, como aporte a la gestión de aquellos, con un enfoque ecosistémico.

Abstract This paper evaluates the process of occupation, appropriation, and activation of the Paraguayan space throughout the major historical periods. During the colonial era, the province of Paraguay was marginal and peripheral, with limited occupation in the Asunción region. Independence did not bring significant territorial changes, and international wars deepened spatial imbalances. In the 20th century, political instability and wars limited the modification of the geographical structure. Only in the second half of the century, with regional policies and integration with Brazil, was a territorial reconfiguration achieved, albeit with inequalities. Currently, the challenges of occupation and integration have been overcome, and new challenges of sustainable management and development of the regions are being faced.

Resumen Este trabajo evalúa el proceso de ocupación, apropiación y activación del espacio paraguayo a lo largo de los grandes periodos históricos. Durante la época colonial, la provincia del Paraguay fue marginal y periférica, con una ocupación limitada a la comarca asuncena. La independencia no supuso mayores cambios territoriales y las guerras internacionales profundizaron los desequilibrios espaciales. En el siglo XX, la inestabilidad política y las guerras limitaron la modificación de la estructura geográfica. Sólo en la segunda mitad del siglo, con políticas regionales y la integración con Brasil, se logró una reconfiguración territorial, aunque con desigualdades. Actualmente, se han superado los desafíos de ocupación e integración, y se enfrentan nuevos retos de gestión y desarrollo sostenible de las regiones.

Abstract Introduction: Healthcare professionals often contend with significant emotional burdens in their work, including the impact of negative emotions, such as stress and anxiety, which can have profound consequences on immediate and long-term healthcare delivery. In this paper a stress estimation algorithm is proposed based on the classification of negative valence emotions in speech recordings. Methods: An end-to-end machine learning pipeline is proposed. Two distinct decision models are considered, VGG-16 and SqueezeNet, while sharing a common constant Q power spectrogram input for acoustic representation. The system is trained and evaluated using the RAVDESS and TESS emotional speech datasets. Results: The system was evaluated for individual emotion classification (multiclass problem) and also for negative and neutral or positive emotion classification (binary problem). The results achieved are comparable to previously reported systems, with the SqueezeNet model offering a significantly smaller footprint, enabling versatile applications. Further exploration of the model's parameter space holds promise for enhanced performance. Conclusion: The proposed system can constitute a feasible approach for the estimation of a low-cost non-invasive biomarker for negative emotions. This allows to raise alerts and develop mitigating actions to the burden of negative emotions, being an additional management tool for healthcare services that allows to maintain quality and maximize availability.

Resumo Introdução: Os profissionais de saúde enfrentam frequentemente cargas emocionais significativas no seu trabalho, incluindo o impacto de emoções negativas, como o stress e a ansiedade, que podem ter graves consequências no desempenho das suas funções de prestação de cuidados de saúde imediatos e também na sua própria saúde a longo prazo. Neste artigo, é proposto um algoritmo de estimativa do stress baseado na classificação de emoções de valência negativa em gravações de fala. Métodos: É proposto um pipeline de aprendizagem automática de ponta a ponta. São considerados cenários de modelos de decisão distintos, o VGG-16 e o SqueezeNet, que partilham uma entrada comum de espetrograma de potência Q constante para representação acústica. Os sistemas são treinados e avaliados utilizando os conjuntos de dados de fala emocional RAVDESS e TESS. Resultados: O sistema foi avaliado para a classificação de um conjunto de emoções (problema multiclasse) e também para a classificação de emoções negativas e neutras, distinguindo-as das positivas (problema binário). Os resultados obtidos são comparáveis aos dos sistemas anteriormente registados, com o modelo SqueezeNet a oferecer uma pegada significativamente mais pequena, permitindo aplicações versáteis. Uma exploração mais aprofundada do espaço de parâmetros do modelo não foi exaustiva e por isso é promissora para a melhoria do desempenho. Conclusão: O sistema proposto pode constituir uma abordagem viável para a estimativa de um biomarcador não-invasivo de baixo custo para emoções negativas. Isto permite ativar alertas e desenvolver ações de mitigação para a presença de emoções negativas, sendo uma ferramenta de gestão adicional para os serviços de saúde que permite manter a qualidade e maximizar a sua disponibilidade.

ABSTRACT Airbnb is a digitally mediated short-term rental platform. Its presence in cities has generated impacts on the economy, society and urban space. Investigating the spatial distribution of Airbnb units is a path to understanding its presence and combat the externalities. Little has been described about Airbnb’s presence in Latin-American cities. This paper mainly aims to verify if there is a relationship between the location of the Airbnb market and the housing rental market. Drawing on demographic data and the Airbnb website, we identify the predominant regions of Airbnb and the rental market uses. We conclude that: (1) Airbnb predominates in touristy leisure cities; (2) Tourist activities are decisive for the location of Airbnb units; (3) Airbnb uses long-term rental inventory on a secondary basis; (4) The spatial distribution of the pre-existing vacation rental market determines Airbnb’s distribution.

RESUMO O Airbnb é uma plataforma de aluguel mediado digitalmente. Sua presença nas cidades gera impactos econômicos, sociais e no espaço urbano. Investigar a distribuição espacial dos anúncios do Airbnb é um caminho para compreensão da sua presença e combate às externalidades. Pouco foi descrito sobre a distribuição espacial do Airbnb nas cidades latino-americanos. O objetivo principal é verificar se há relação entre a localização do mercado Airbnb e os mercados de aluguel. Através de levantamento de dados demográficos e do site Airbnb, são identificadas as regiões de predominância dos usos Airbnb e as de mercado de aluguel. Concluiu-se: (1) o Airbnb predomina em cidades turísticas de lazer; (2) as atividades turísticas são determinantes para a localização do Airbnb; (3) o Airbnb utiliza o estoque de aluguel de longa duração de forma secundária; (4) a distribuição espacial do Airbnb é determinada pela distribuição do mercado de alugueis de curta duração.

Resumen: En 2009 se formuló el macroproyecto San José en Manizales (Colombia) para renovar 111 hectáreas de tejido urbano en el área central de la ciudad. Se buscaba entregar, dentro del plazo de una década, más de 3500 viviendas de interés social y a la vez desarrollar una zona de usos mixtos. Catorce años después, solo el 6% del proyecto se ha desarrollado y los recursos públicos comprometidos fueron agotados. Este artículo evalúa dicho proyecto a partir del análisis trialéctico de producción del espacio que sugieren Bourdieu y otros autores, adaptados a las realidades de la política de vivienda social en Colombia. Se definieron tres variables de análisis: normas, espacio y derechos. La integración de ellas permitió develar el habitus de los tomadores de decisiones en la planeación-gestión del proyecto. El análisis hermenéutico de las transformaciones producidas en el espacio-tiempo permite demostrar que la operación urbana se orienta a desmantelar los instrumentos democráticos de financiación de la vivienda social a través de un giro normativo que prioriza las medidas de excepción para eludir el reparto equitativo de cargas y beneficios. Se presenta una tensión entre las actuaciones urbanas integrales previstas en el ordenamiento territorial nacional y el proyecto urbano general rescatado de las prácticas del urbanismo decimonónico.

Abstract: In 2009 the San José macro-project was formulated in Manizales (Colombia) to renew 111 hectares of urban fabric in the central area of the city. In a decade it was intended to provide more than 3,500 social housing units and develop a mixed-use area. Fourteen years later, only 6% of the project has been developed and the public resources committed have been exhausted. This article evaluates this project based on the trialectic analysis of the production of space suggested by Bourdieu and other authors, adapted to the realities of social housing policy in Colombia. Three variables of analysis were defined: Norms, Space and Rights. The integration of these variables made it possible to unveil the habitus of the decision makers in the planning-management of the project. The hermeneutic analysis of the transformations produced in space-time makes it possible to demonstrate that the urban operation is oriented towards dismantling the democratic instruments of social housing financing through a normative turn that prioritizes the measures of exception to avoid the equitable distribution of burdens and benefits. There is a tension between the integral urban actions foreseen in the national territorial planning and the general urban project rescued from the practices of nineteenth-century urbanism.

Abstract This article describes the ways in which, within the Proyecto Arqueológico Barrancas (PAB), we have collaborated to management and valuation of the archaeological cultural heritage of the town of Barrancas (Cochinoca Department, Jujuy). One of its objectives is to present the theoretical-methodological framework from which we understand the management and enhancement of this heritage, such as public archeology and public communication of science. The second objective of this paper is to present the products and activities that the research team carried out to visibilize and value the archaeological heritage of Barrancas. These products are posters, a book, lectures at schools, training for local tourist guides, participatory excavation workshops and advice on the creation and management of the Barrancas Archaeological Interpretation Center. We highlight that this Center, inaugurated in 2020, has established itself as a space for meetings, work and exchange for many social actors, including the PAB. In conclusion, we understand that there is value in socializing our work among participatory environments and in seeking to make the information available to diverse actors. This helped these actors appropriate and redefine our work based on their own interests and feelings of identity.

Resumen El presente artículo describe cómo, en el Proyecto Arqueológico Barrancas (PAB), hemos trabajado para colaborar con la puesta en valor y gestión del patrimonio cultural arqueológico de la localidad de Barrancas (Departamento Cochinoca, Jujuy). Uno de sus objetivos es presentar los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos desde los cuales entendemos la gestión y puesta en valor de dicho patrimonio, como son la arqueología pública y la comunicación pública de la ciencia. El segundo objetivo del trabajo es presentar las producciones y actividades que el equipo de investigación realizó para la puesta en valor del patrimonio arqueológico de Barrancas. Estos productos son afiches, un libro, charlas en colegios, capacitaciones a guías de turismo locales, talleres de excavación participativa y asesoramiento en la creación y manejo del Centro de Interpretación Arqueológica de Barrancas. Destacamos que este último, inaugurado en 2020, se ha consolidado como un espacio de encuentros, trabajo e intercambio para muchos actores sociales, incluyendo al PAB. Concluyendo, entendemos que haber socializado nuestro trabajo en ámbitos participativos y buscando que la información quede a disposición de actores diversos, ha contribuido a que cada uno de ellos pudiera apropiárselos y resignificarlos en función de sus propios intereses y sentimientos identitarios.

Abstract Density guides (DG) are fundamental tools for silviculture, because they allow a better distribution of the growth space within the stand. The objective of this work was to construct and apply two DGs derived from a potential model (PM) and an exponential model (EM) for the thinning simulation. Two forest management objectives were tested: (1) To conserve, and (2) To change the proportion of species in the stand. Information from 1 346 minimum forest management units (MFMUs) with mixed species was used. The MFMUs were projected within the DGs in terms of the Stand Density Index (SDI), with respect to a maximum SDI (SDI max ). An MFMU was then randomly selected to deal with the aftereffects of thinning according to the two objectives aforementioned. The SDI max were 883 (PM) and 800 (EM), on the basis of which the Langsaeter growth zones were defined as a percentage: 70 % imminent mortality, 40 % constant growth, and 20 % free growth. The thinning simulations indicated that in both 1 and 2, a greater tree and basimetric area removal was projected when using the PM DG than with the EM DG. The two DGs have implications for the final harvest projection due to the structure and definition of the SDIs.

Resumen Las guías de densidad (GD) son herramientas fundamentales para la silvicultura porque permiten realizar una mejor distribución del espacio de crecimiento dentro del rodal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue construir y aplicar dos GD derivadas de un modelo potencial (MP) y uno exponencial (ME) para la simulación de aclareos. Se probaron dos objetivos de manejo forestal: (1) Para conservar, y (2) Para cambiar la proporción de especies del rodal. Se usó la información procedente de 1 346 unidades mínimas de manejo forestal (UMMF) con mezcla de especies. Las UMMF se proyectaron dentro de las GD en términos del Índice de Densidad de Rodal (IDR), con respecto a un IDR máximo (IDR max ). Después se seleccionó una UMMF de forma aleatoria para prescribir secuelas de aclareos de acuerdo con los dos objetivos planteados. Los IDR max fueron de 883 (MP) y 800 (ME), con los cuales se definieron las zonas de crecimiento de Langsaeter en forma porcentual: 70 % mortalidad inminente, 40 % crecimiento constante y 20 % crecimiento libre. Las simulaciones de aclareos indicaron que, tanto en 1 como en 2, se proyectó una mayor remoción de árboles y de área basal cuando se usó la GD del MP con respecto a la GD del ME. Las dos GD tienen implicaciones en la proyección de la cosecha final debido a la estructura y a la definición de los IDR.