Assessing the dynamics of pollutants in the environment is a very complex challenge, primarily because of the large number of variables involved. Thus, in addition to processes that depend on the physicochemical properties of the pollutant and the main characteristics of the contaminated environment, there are less obvious phenomena that also influence the dynamics of pollutants, such as colloid-mediated transport. The objective of this work is to elucidate the main characteristics of this process and its influence on the transport of pollutants through the soil, taking glyphosate as an example. Although this pollutant is strongly retained by soil components, its presence in groundwater is quite frequent, often due to this facilitated transport by colloids. challenge involved Thus colloidmediated colloid mediated example components frequent colloids

Food contamination is a public health problem, and the search for natural additives to increase food stability and safety is challenging. This research aimed to study nanoemulsions produced with coriander essential oil and kefiran, an exopolysaccharide extracted from kefir grains. The composition of coriander essential oil was evaluated, revealing linalool as the main component. An experimental design consisting of six trials was conducted. The NE2 formulation (0.5% kefiran and 1.5% coriander essential oil) exhibited smaller particle size, monodispersity, a lower centrifugal stability coefficient, and higher absolute zeta potential values (> 30 mV), indicating high electrical stability. Morphology, thermal stability, and toxicity tests were performed. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined and applied to commercial cheese. Thermal stability tests demonstrated an increase in the stability of NE2 compared to its individual components, and it was also proven to be non-toxic. The concentration of 25% m v-1 was identified as the minimum bactericidal concentration and was applied to commercial cheese. problem challenging grains evaluated component conducted NE 0.5% 05 0 5 (0.5 15 1 1.5 size monodispersity coefficient > ( 3 mV, mV , mV) Morphology performed cheese components nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic 25 v1 v v- 0.5 (0. 1. 2 0. (0

RESUMO Este estudo foca no desempenho de vacas para produção de carne, criadas nos pântanos do Paraguai, examinando cinco genótipos bovinos; Brahman, Brangus, Nelore, bem como duas raças locais em risco de extinção. O principal objetivo é identificar e classificar variáveis fenotípicas que incluem variáveis sanguíneas, clínicas, de pelagem e saúde, demonstrando ligação causal com o peso vivo das vacas analisadas. Inicialmente, foram identificadas correlações elevadas entre diferentes variáveis incluídas neste estudo, e, então, utilizando técnicas avançadas de aprendizado de máquina e a aplicação de explicações aditivas de Shapley (SHAP), foi proporcionado um entendimento mais profundo dos fatores fortemente associados à adaptabilidade nestes ambientes, e, portanto, o respectivo desempenho zootécnico. A associação entre o componente genotípico bovino ligado à estação do ano mostrou ser o fator influente mais predominante sobre o peso vivo bovino. Variáveis como comprimento do pelo, hematócrito, fosfatase, fósforo, creatina phosphokinase, creatinina, proteína, cortisol, cálcio e a presença de endoparasitas foram destacadas, demonstrando sua importância hierárquica para a seleção animal. Os modelos de ML são ferramentas eficazes para estabelecer hierarquias de relevância em multivariáveis fenotípicas complexas, o que é crucial em programas de melhoramento genético em diferentes espécies zootécnicas, bem como em ambientes especiais e específicos, como os pântanos. carne Paraguai bovinos Brahman Brangus Nelore extinção sanguíneas clínicas saúde analisadas Inicialmente então SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) portanto zootécnico pelo hematócrito fosfatase fósforo phosphokinase creatinina proteína cortisol destacadas animal complexas zootécnicas específicos (SHAP

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the performance of cows for meat production raised in the wetlands of Paraguay, examining five cattle genotypes: Brahman, Brangus, and Nelore, as well as two local breeds at risk of extinction. The main objective is to identify and rank phenotypic variables, including blood, clinical, hair, and health variables, demonstrating causal linkage with the live weight of the cows analyzed. Initially, high correlations were identified between different variables included in this study; then, using advanced Machine learning (ML) techniques and the application of Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), a deeper understanding was provided of the factors strongly associated with adaptability in these environments, and, therefore, the respective zootechnical performance. The association between cattle genotypic components linked with the season of the year proved to be the most influential factor on cattle live weight. Variables such as hair length, hematocrit, phosphatase, phosphorus, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, protein, cortisol, calcium, and the presence of endoparasites were highlighted, demonstrating their hierarchical importance for animal selection. ML models are effective tools for establishing hierarchies of relevance in complex phenotypic multivariable, which is crucial in breeding programs for different zootechnical species and in special and specific environments like wetlands. Paraguay genotypes Brahman Brangus Nelore extinction blood clinical analyzed Initially then (ML SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) therefore length hematocrit phosphatase phosphorus phosphokinase creatinine protein cortisol calcium highlighted selection multivariable (SHAP

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of removing apical dominance at phenological stages on the agronomic traits of soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the 2020/2021 growing season inthe teaching-experimental area of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Ibirubá, under a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement, with three replications. The main plots were composed of five soybean cultivars (DM53i54 IPRO, Zeus IPRO, Lanza IPRO, DM5958 IPRO, and Delta IPRO), and the subplots consisted of the phenological stages of apical dominance removal (control, V2, V4, and V6). Morphological traits were evaluated at different stages. Differences were observed between cultivars, which followed their pre-defined morphologies. Apical dominance removal reduced aspects such as the number of nodes and legumes on the main stem and the first legumeinsertion height. Cultivars developed branching mechanismsas a compensation strategy, increasing the number of legumes on the branches by up to 130%. The removal of the shoot apex can modify morphological aspects in soybean plants,but their yield tends to be maintained. ABSTRACT 20202021 2020 2021 2020/202 teachingexperimental teaching experimental Education Sul Ibirubá splitplot split plot arrangement replications DM53i54 DMi DM i (DM53i5 IPRO DM595 , IPRO) control, control (control V2 V V4 V6. V6 . V6) predefined pre defined morphologies height strategy 130 130% plantsbut plants but maintained 2020202 202 2020/20 DM53i5 (DM53i DM59 13 202020 20 2020/2 DM53i DM5 1 20202 2 2020/

RESUMO: O presente artigo objetiva avaliar o efeito da remoção da dominância apical em estádios fenológicos, nos caracteres agronômicos de cultivares de soja. O experimento foi implantado na área didática-experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Ibirubá, na safra 2020/2021, sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas principais eram compostas pelos cinco cultivares (DM53i54 IPRO, Zeus IPRO, Lança IPRO, DM5958 IPRO e Delta IPRO) e as subparcelas, pelos estádios fenológicos de remoção de dominância apical (testemunha, V2, V4 e V6). As características morfológicas foram avaliadas em diferentes estádios. Como resultados, verificaram-se diferenças entre os cultivares, que seguiram suas morfologias pré-definidas. A remoção de dominância apical, reduziu aspectos como o número de nós e legumes na haste principal, além da altura de inserção do primeiro legume. Como estratégia de compensação, os cultivares desenvolvem mecanismos de ramificação, acrescendo até 130% no número de legumes nos ramos. Verifica-se que a remoção do ápice caulinar é capaz de modificar aspectos morfológicos em plantas de soja, contudo, seu rendimento tende a ser mantido. RESUMO soja didáticaexperimental didática experimental Sul Ibirubá 20202021 2020 2021 2020/2021 acaso subdivididas repetições DM53i54 DMi DM i (DM53i5 DM595 subparcelas testemunha, testemunha (testemunha V2 V V6. V6 . V6) resultados verificaramse verificaram se prédefinidas. prédefinidas pré definidas. definidas pré-definidas principal legume compensação ramificação 130 ramos Verificase Verifica contudo mantido 2020202 202 2020/202 DM53i5 (DM53i DM59 13 202020 20 2020/20 DM53i DM5 1 20202 2 2020/2 2020/

Asphaltene aggregation mechanism is still a nebulous and controversial issue. Many authors argue that the aggregation of its components is due to π-stacking interactions, nonetheless, alkyl chains, heteroatoms, and even acidic groups are also constituents of asphaltenes and can play an important role in the chemistry of asphaltene. Excimers from pyrene are easily detected by fluorescence and were used in the current study to probe the effect of the side chain on the π-stacking capacity of pyrene. Pyrene was acylated with acyl chains varying from two to twelve carbon atoms, and the effect of the variation of the acyl chain length on excimer formation was followed by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results revealed that as the side chain grows from two to twelve carbon atoms the excimer/monomer ratio decreases and the excimer heat of formation drops from ΔH = -6.00 to -1.29 kcal mol-1. Further, the crystal structure of octanoyl pyrene (PC8) indicates that in the crystal structure, the aromatic moiety faces the acyl chain. This result was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the results were compared with two different asphaltenes and indicate that π-stacking cannot be assumed as the main driving force for asphaltene aggregation. issue πstacking π stacking interactions nonetheless heteroatoms spectroscopy excimermonomer monomer 6.00 600 6 00 -6.0 1.29 129 1 29 -1.2 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 Further PC8 PC (PC8 DFT (DFT calculations Finally 6.0 60 0 -6. 1.2 12 2 -1. mol- (PC 6. -6 -1 -

Abstract This research aims to identify the main factors that have been studied about the marketing of services and guest satisfaction in the hotel industry through a review of the literature during the period 2003 to 2023. The research path that was considered was of a qualitative order, since the first attempt was to discover and refine research questions until the main components around the study variables were identified using the database through the LENS platform. ORG, and the use of the VOSviewer tool to carry out bibliometric networks. Two clusters were identified that, through a bibliometric network directed towards the incidence of marketing in the hotel field with emphasis on the hospitality industry, the main study components were distinguished. It can be affirmed that, by effectively linking the advocacy component to human resources towards the organizational goals and objectives, as well as towards the adaptation of the prevailing organizational culture, people can be recruited, developed, encouraged, and retained to gain a competitive advantage; therefore, the success at a strategic and tactical level of a company immersed in the hotel industry.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los principales factores que se han estudiado acerca de la mercadotecnia de servicios y la satisfacción del huésped en la hotelería a través de una revisión de la literatura durante el periodo 2003 a 2023. La ruta de investigación que se consideró fue de orden cualitativo, ya que, se trató primero de descubrir y refinar preguntas de investigación hasta identificar los principales componentes alrededor de las variables de estudio usando la base de datos a través de la plataforma LENS. ORG, y, el uso de la herramienta VOSviewer para realizar redes bibliométricas. Se identificaron dos clústeres que, a través una red bibliométrica dirigida hacia la incidencia de la mercadotecnia en el ámbito hotelero con énfasis en la industria de la hospitalidad se distinguieron los principales componentes de estudio. Se puede afirmar que, al vincular de forma efectiva el componente de incidencia a los recursos humanos hacia las metas y objetivos organizacionales, así también, como hacia la adaptación de la cultura organizacional prevaleciente, las personas pueden ser reclutados, desarrollados, alentados y retenidos para obtener una ventaja competitiva; por lo tanto, el éxito a nivel estratégico y táctico de una empresa inmersa en la industria hotelera.

Abstract The main theories about the decomposition of lexical verbs in semantics or syntax differentiate at least a change component and a causative component controlled by the subject. If both components are autonomous, it is expected that there are intentional verbs without an outcome that function as lexical verbs –not as auxiliaries–. This article argues that, indeed, there exists a well-defined class of non-auxiliary verbs that lack an outcome but semantically entail that an agent acts with the intention of achieving it. This work describes their properties in detail and discusses their theoretical implications for the notion of the 'causative component'.

Resumen Las principales teorías sobre la descomposición de los verbos léxicos en semántica o sintaxis diferencian al menos un componente de cambio y un componente causativo, controlado por el sujeto. Si ambos componentes son autónomos, se espera que haya verbos de intención sin resultado que actúen como verbos léxicos –no como auxiliares–. Este trabajo argumenta que, efectivamente, existe una clase bien definida de verbos no auxiliares que carecen de un resultado pero entrañan semánticamente que un agente actúa con la intención de obtenerlo. El estudio describe en detalle sus propiedades y discute sus consecuencias teóricas para la noción de 'componente causativo'.

Abstract Background: Eriobotrya japonica is economically significant as an ornamental tree, and its leaves have medicinal properties. Question: What are the main chemical components of loquat leaves grown in a population of Central Veracruz Mexico? and does the methanolic extract have potential antidiabetic properties through α-glucosidase inhibition? Species study: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) Study site and date: Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, 2021-2022. Methods: Total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were determined in leaves powder. Leaf methanol extract of E. japonica was tested for α-glucosidase inhibition. Also, different groups of secondary metabolites were detected by the phenolics/volatile-targeted metabolomic analysis. Results: The leaves of E. japonica are rich in C and minerals such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg, and contain high levels of flavonoids, and procyanidin B2. The leaf methanol extract (LME) effectively inhibited α-glucosidase activity (86.05 ± 0.73 %) in vitro. In addition, a leaf petroleum ether extract (LPE) contains mainly phytol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and phytol acetate. Conclusions: The leaf methanolic extract exhibited antidiabetic potential due to its potent α-glucosidase inhibition, and the presence of diverse phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and their glycoside derivatives, and some fatty acids further supports the traditional use of E. japonica as an herbal medicine with antidiabetic properties.

Resumen Antecedentes: Eriobotrya japonica es de importancia económica como árbol ornamental, y sus hojas tienen propiedades medicinales. Pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los principales componentes químicos de las hojas de níspero en una población del centro de Veracruz México? ¿Tiene el extracto metanólico propiedades antidiabéticas potenciales a través de la inhibición de la α-glucosidasa? Especie de estudio: Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) Sitio y año de estudio: Xalapa, Veracruz, México, 2021-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se determinó el contenido total de carbono (C) y nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P), sodio (Na), potasio (K), calcio (Ca) y magnesio (Mg) en el polvo foliar. Se analizó el extracto metanólico de hoja (LME) de E. japonica para determinar la inhibición de la α-glucosidasa. Además, se detectaron diferentes grupos de metabolitos secundarios mediante el análisis metabolómico dirigido a fenólicos/volátiles. Resultados: Las hojas de E. japonica son ricas en C y minerales como Na, K, Ca y Mg, y contienen altos niveles de flavonoides y procianidina B2. El extracto metanólico foliar (LME) inhibió eficazmente la actividad de la α-glucosidasa (86.05 ± 0.73 %) in vitro. Además, un extracto de éter de petróleo (LPE) de hoja contiene principalmente fitol, ácido palmítico, ácido linoleico, ácido esteárico y acetato de fitol. Conclusiones: El extracto metanólico de la hoja exhibió potencial antidiabético debido a su potente inhibición de la α-glucosidasa y la presencia de diversos compuestos fenólicos, incluidos flavonoides y sus derivados glucósidos, y algunos ácidos grasos respaldan el uso tradicional de E. japonica como medicina herbaria con efectos antidiabéticos.

ABSTRACT The political dimension of basic sanitation management in Brazil, especially the principle of participatory and democratic management, is one of the main challenges to guaranteeing access to these services as a human right. This article describes a proposal for governance of basic sanitation management guided by the system of guarantees of rights. We used a theoretical and methodological framework drawing on Juan Samaja’s theory of social reproduction. The study area comprises the municipalities that make up the Triangle and Upper Solimões River health regions in the state of Amazonas. The operationality of the management governance model is based on a matrix of elements comprising the responsibilities and competency of state and non-state institutions. These are distributed across different dimensions of social reproduction, which represent the locus of action of each institution, respecting their respective missions. The matrix is made up of transversal and intersectoral components that strengthen joint work processes, with the various subjects involved in the process acting in solidarity within the scope of the committee for the ongoing monitoring of living conditions and health.

RESUMO A dimensão política da gestão do saneamento básico no Brasil, sobretudo no que tange aos princípios da gestão participativa e democrática, constitui um dos maiores desafios a serem vencidos para garantir o acesso aos serviços como um direito humano. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever uma proposta de governança da gestão de saneamento básico orientada pela noção do sistema de garantias de direitos. O método foi do tipo teórico-metodológico, orientado pela teoria da reprodução social de Juan Samaja. A área de estudo correspondeu aos municípios das Regiões de Saúde do Triângulo e do Alto Solimões do Amazonas. A operacionalidade do modelo de governança da gestão foi baseada no matriciamento de elementos, que compreende as responsabilidades e competências das instituições estatais e não estatais. Essas foram distribuídas segundo as dimensões da reprodução social, a qual representa o lócus de atuação de cada uma delas, respeitando as suas respectivas missões. O dispositivo possui componentes de transversalidade e de intersetorialidade, que fortalecerão o processo de trabalho de forma compartilhada, com os vários sujeitos implicados atuando de forma solidária no âmbito do comitê de monitoração permanente das condições de vida e saúde do local.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a composite indicator to identify levels of water security at the household-community interface. It analyses the hydro-social processes that give rise to water scarcity situations experienced by the rural population supplied by community organizations in rural Chile. The indicator is based on a case study of ten community organizations selected to represent the heterogeneity existing in the country, where semi-structured interviews with their leaders and field observations were applied. Two main findings emerge from the study: 1) there is no correlation between the size of organizations and the levels of observed water security; 2) cases with greater difficulty accessing sufficient resources are not the ones facing greater water insecurity, as organizations compensate for this difficulty with other components.

RESUMEN El presente artículo propone un indicador compuesto que permite identificar niveles de seguridad hídrica en la interfaz doméstica-comunitaria. Para ello analiza los procesos hidrosociales que dan origen a situaciones de escasez hídrica vividas por la población rural abastecida mediante organizaciones comunitarias en Chile rural. El indicador se basa en el estudio de caso de diez organizaciones comunitarias seleccionadas para representar la heterogeneidad existente en el país, a cuyos dirigentes se les aplicó entrevistas semiestructuradas en las cuales se realizaron, además, observaciones de campo. Del estudio se desprenden dos principales hallazgos: 1) No existe una correlación entre el tamaño de las organizaciones y los niveles de seguridad hídrica observados; 2) Los casos con mayores dificultades para acceder a recursos en cantidad suficiente no son los que enfrentan una inseguridad hídrica mayor, puesto que las organizaciones compensan esta dificultad con otros componentes.

ABSTRACT. The mangrove oyster Saccostrea palmula is a relatively small but emerging species in aquaculture, and it is necessary to resume and increase studies on its cultivation. Therefore, we carried out a study that includes three main components for developing S. palmula culture in the Mexican Central Pacific: spat collection, pre-growth phase (eight weeks), and grow-out phase (six months). We tested natural (shell strings) and artificial (coupelles) collectors placed in contrasting environmental conditions: marine (La Boquita) and estuarine (Cuyutlan). The spat was pre-grown in suspended Australian trays at the two collection sites and under in-land pond conditions. Then, it was pooled under an estuarine environment and in a single lot for the final culture phase in Juluapan lagoon (all sites in Colima, Mexico). Spat collection was higher in coupelles (858.3 ± 175.6 spat coupelle-1) than in shell strings. The number of spat collected (13,062 spat), final pre-growth size (26.5 ± 0.6 mm shell height), and pre-growth survival (94.7%) were higher in La Boquita (marine environment). The final culture phase in Juluapan (estuarine conditions) was successful, recording an average height of 54.2 ± 4.9 mm and average total weight of 30.8 ± 6.9 g after six months of culture, after spat collection and pre-growth periods. We found the largest oyster, S. palmula, ever recorded (shell height 83.3 mm and total weight 59.4 g), and we confirmed that S. palmula has potential for artisanal aquaculture and socioeconomic regional development in the Mexican Central Pacific.

Abstract: Environmental pollution from transportation has been a fundamental challenge for humanity throughout history, with conventional fuels contributing significantly to environmental degradation. This project seeks to suppress pollution and reduce noise generated by motorcycle taxis, whether for personal and/or private use. The main objective of the research work was to implement an electrolyzer in the combustion system of a motorcycle taxi to suppress environmental pollution and reduce noise. Methods included vehicle preparation, electrolyzer installation, battery adjustment, hydrogen generation, emissions measurement, safety, and data collection. As a result, the electrolyzer was implemented in the single-cylinder motorcycle taxi; The noise limit allowed at work in Peru is 85 dB, which is equivalent to 100 % noise at most; When using gasoline, a value of 76.4 dB was obtained, equivalent to 89.88 % noise, and when using hydrogen, a value of 71.7 dB was obtained, equivalent to 84.35 % noise, therefore, the total noise reduction was 4.70 dB (5.53 %) than established. The discussion highlighted that hydrogen is a clean fuel, with zero emissions and only emitting water vapor instead of polluting gases (5). The conclusion highlights the critical importance of the research, supported by the total reduction of 5.53 % of noise with this new technology and in turn external sources support that using hydrogen produced a smoother and quieter combustion; Regarding the useful life of the engine, due to the cleaner and more efficient combustion, the accumulation of waste was reduced, which benefits reducing the wear of internal components and the need for costly maintenance.

Resumen: La contaminación ambiental derivada del transporte ha sido un desafío fundamental para la humanidad a lo largo de la historia, con los combustibles convencionales contribuyendo significativamente a la degradación ambiental. Este proyecto busca suprimir la contaminación y reducir el ruido generada por mototaxis, ya sean de uso personal y/o privado. El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal implementar un electrolizador en el sistema de combustión de un mototaxi para suprimir la contaminación ambiental y reducir el ruido. Los métodos incluyeron la preparación del vehículo, instalación del electrolizador, ajuste de la batería, generación de hidrógeno, medición de emisiones, seguridad y recolección de datos. Como resultado, se logró implementar el electrolizador en el mototaxi monocilíndrico; el límite de ruido permitido en el trabajo en el Perú es de 85 dB, que equivalen el 100 % de ruido como máximo; al utilizar gasolina se obtuvo un valor de 76.4 dB equivalentes a 89.88 % de ruido y al usar hidrógeno se obtuvo un valor de 71.7 dB siendo el 84.35 % de ruido, por lo tanto, la reducción total de ruido fue de 4.70 dB (5.53%) de lo establecido. La discusión destacó que el hidrógeno es un combustible limpio, con nulas emisiones y solo emitiendo vapor de agua en vez de gases contaminantes (5). La conclusión subraya la importancia crítica de la investigación, respaldada por la reducción total del 5.53 % de ruido con esta nueva tecnología y a su vez fuentes externas apoyan, que el utilizar hidrógeno produjo una combustión más suave y silenciosa. En cuanto a la vida útil del motor, la combustión más limpia y eficiente reduce la acumulación de residuos, lo que disminuye el desgaste de los componentes internos y la necesidad de mantenimientos costosos.

Resumen Antecedentes: Dalea es endémico de América, posee amplia distribución en la provincia del Desierto Chihuahuense, sus especies se asocian a matorral xerófilo, bosque de encino y bosque de coníferas. Hipótesis: Las especies de Dalea funcionan como un subrogado de la flora y refuerzan las propuestas de regionalización para esta provincia. Sitio y años de estudio: Provincia del Desierto Chihuahuense, agosto 2020 a julio 2022. Métodos: Se elaboró una base de datos a partir de ejemplares de herbario. El análisis de riqueza de especies se realizó con una cuadricula de 1 × 1°. El endemismo ponderado (WE) y endemismo ponderado corregido (CWE) fueron estimados. Para regionalizar, el recambio de especies fue calculado y se aplicó el método de agrupación UPGMA. Para determinar la caracterización ambiental de los componentes bióticos, los grupos se cotejaron con ecorregiones publicadas. Resultados: Se encontraron 3,061 registros de 77 especies de Dalea, 33 son endémicas al área de estudio. La riqueza de especies se concentró al noroeste y sureste de la provincia. La riqueza de endémicos fue localizada en el centro y norte. El análisis de WE mostró tres celdas ubicadas en el centro del área de estudio; el CWE recuperó tres celdas al sur de la provincia. Se reconocen dos grupos principales (subprovincias), anidando grupos más pequeños (distritos). Los distritos corresponden en su mayoría a las ecorregiones del Desierto Chihuahuense, Matorral de la Meseta Central, Bosques secos del Bajío. Conclusiones: Dalea funcionó como subrogado de la flora y reforzó las propuestas de regionalización para esta provincia.

Abstract Background: Dalea is endemic to the Americas and has a wide in the Chihuahuan Desert province. Its species are associated with xeric scrub, oak forest, and coniferous forest. Hypothesis: Dalea species function as a surrogate of the flora and reinforce the regionalization proposals for this province. Study site and research period: Chihuahuan Desert province, August 2020 to July 2022. Methods: A database was generated from herbarium specimens. The species richness analysis was obtained using a 1 × 1° grid. Weighted endemism (WE) and corrected weighted endemism (CWE) were analyzed and estimated. For regionalization, species replacement was calculated and the UPGMA grouping method was applied. The resulting groups were checked against the published ecoregions to determine the biotic components of the environmental characterization. Results: 3,061 records were obtained, representing 77 species, of which 33 are endemics to the study area. The northwestern and southeastern parts of the province had the highest species richness. The central and northern parts had the highest endemic species richness. The WE analysis showed three cells located in the center of the study area, while the CWE recovered three cells at the south of the province. Two large main subprovinces are recognized, these nesting smaller area groups (districts). The districts mostly correspond to the ecoregions of the Chihuahuan Desert, Scrub of the Central Plateau, and Dry forests of the Bajío. Conclusions: Dalea was a surrogate for the flora and reinforced the regionalization proposals for this province.

Abstract Introduction: the cultural dimension of health, now clearly acknowledged (WHO, 2017), remains insufficiently explored. Particularly, investigating the cultural influence on the effectiveness of health interventions is relevant since, insofar as when such interventions lack meaning from the target population's cosmovision or are not practical in their context, the effectiveness of those interventions may have a limited scope (Bautista-Gómez et al, 2022), creating the need for culturally adapted health interventions. Aim: tto understand how cultural adaptations have been designed and implemented, and how they have contributed to improving health outcomes in low and middle-income countries. Methods: the guiding question was designed following the PICo methodology. PubMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were reviewed, the descriptors were established based on the MeSH/DeSC registry, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. The initial articles were selected based on the appearance of the descriptors in their title and abstract, and then a filtering process was carried out based on the full reading of the texts that led to 14 articles that met the established criteria, on which a thematic analysis was carried out. Results: it was evidenced that: a) interventions are designed based on 3 components: community participation, adjustment of content, and changes in the service delivery; b) aspects related to poverty, vulnerability, and deficiencies in the health system are the main barriers, whilst the inclusion of the community’s beliefs and customs, adaptation to their context, and articulation with the communities and local health institutions are the main facilitators; c) main outcomes are feasibility, effectiveness, improvement of disease’s knowledge and acceptability. Conclusions: cultural adaptation with ethnic groups in vulnerable settings is useful to ensure comprehensive health education and to promote behavioural change to improve mainly the effectiveness and acceptability of health interventions.

Resumen El fréjol es un cultivo importante debido a su alto valor nutritivo. En los últimos años la producción en Ecuador de este cultivo ha disminuido drásticamente debido entre otros factores a ineficientes procesos y falta de tecnificación en la producción. Entender cómo se generan y determinan los componentes del rendimiento del grano es primordial para diseñar estrategias que permitan aumentar el rendimiento del cultivo. En este estudio, se modificó la densidad de plantas con el objetivo de evaluar su impacto sobre el número de granos, peso de granos y rendimiento, bajo condiciones de campo en una región andina de Ecuador. Se realizaron dos experimentos sembrados en fechas distintas, donde se evaluaron densidades de plantas contrastantes 4 y 11 plantas m−2. El efecto de los tratamientos se estudió sobre la duración del periodo emergencia - antesis, el número de vainas llenas y vanas, el número de granos, el peso seco de 100 granos y el rendimiento de grano. Los resultados indican que la densidad de plantas tiene un efecto significativo (p<0,05) sobre el rendimiento, alcanzando un promedio de 257,15 g m−2 en alta densidad y 151,45 g m−2 en baja densidad. Los componentes principales del rendimiento mostraron una respuesta distinta a la modificación de la densidad de plantas; el número de granos presentó una fuerte variabilidad y fue positivamente asociado con el rendimiento final del grano (p<0,05), mientras que el peso del grano no fue afectado.

Abstract Common bean is an important crop due to its high nutritional value. However, its production in Ecuador has decreased due to biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding the mechanisms that determine the yield components of this crop is essential to establish strategies that allow increasing the yield. In this study, the plant density was modified to evaluate its impact on yield and its two main components, the grain number and grain weight under field conditions in an Andean region of Ecuador. Two experiments planted on different dates were performed, where two planting densities 4 and 11 plants m−2 were evaluated. The effect of the treatments was studied on the length of the period, from emergence to anthesis, the number of full and empty pods, grain number, 100 grain weight and grain yield. The results indicate that the plant density has a significant effect (p<0.05) on the yield, reaching an average of 257.15 g m−2 in high density, and 151.45 g m−2 in low density. The yield main components showed a different response to plant density modification; the grain number exhibited a strong variability and was positively associated with final grain yield (p<0.05) while the grain weight was not affected.