Resumo Introdução: O aborto espontâneo é muito comum e o seu impacto nas famílias, na sociedade e nos serviços de saúde é comprovado, mas subestimado. Este relato de caso pretende realçar a importância do acompanhamento após um aborto espontâneo, no luto, nos sintomas psicológicos associados à perda gestacional e na orientação holística do casal. Descrição do caso: Mulher de 37 anos, natural do Nepal, engravida espontaneamente após múltiplas tentativas sem sucesso. Sofre um aborto espontâneo às 10 semanas de gestação e é avaliada pela sua equipa de família, manifestando sentimentos de tristeza, solidão, ansiedade e medo, e desorientação face aos cuidados necessários. O acompanhamento centrou-se no esclarecimento de dúvidas e mitos, no reconhecimento dos sentimentos do casal, na exploração das formas de expressão do luto na cultura de origem, nos ensinos para estimular mudanças de comportamentos e na capacitação para o planeamento de uma nova gravidez. Comentário: Não existem intervenções farmacológicas eficazes para prevenir o aborto espontâneo; contudo, é uma oportunidade para intervir na adoção de hábitos de vida mais saudáveis. Apesar de frequentes, as consequências psicológicas e a psicopatologia associadas ao aborto espontâneo são muitas vezes esquecidas. A experiência do luto é individual e não se baseia necessariamente na idade gestacional, no nível socioeconómico ou educacional, ou no número de perdas ou de filhos vivos. Lidar com este caso exige à medicina geral e familiar avaliar a gestão do luto e o bem-estar físico e mental, despistando psicopatologia e acompanhando o planeamento de uma gravidez futura, atuando em cuidados transculturais e na dimensão social e familiar de cada um.

Abstract Introduction: Miscarriages are common and their impact on families, societies, and health services are proven, but yet underestimated. This case report intends to highlight the importance of follow-up after a miscarriage, especially concerning grief, psychological symptoms associated with pregnancy loss, and the holistic approach to the couple. Case report: A 37-year-old woman from Nepal becomes pregnant spontaneously after multiple unsuccessful attempts. She suffers a miscarriage at 10 weeks of gestation and she is seen by her family doctor and nurse. She expresses feelings of sadness, loneliness, anxiety and fear, and confusion regarding the follow-up care. The process of care focused on clarifying doubts and myths, recognizing the couple's feelings, exploring ways of expressing grief in their culture, encouraging changes in behavior, and helping to plan a new pregnancy. Discussion: There are no effective pharmacological interventions to prevent miscarriage, despite being an opportunity to promote the adoption of healthier lifestyle habits. Although frequent, the psychological consequences and psychopathology associated with miscarriage are often overlooked. The experience of bereavement is individual and it is not necessarily related to gestational age, socioeconomic or educational background, or the number of losses or living children. Dealing with a case of miscarriage requires family physicians to assess grief management and physical and mental well-being, screening for psychopathology and following the planning of a future pregnancy, acting on cross-cultural care and social and family dimensions of each person.

Abstract: Although the great utility that phonetic-phonological competence generates in language teaching has been proven, as well as its importance in the communicative process, it has traditionally been relegated to the background. The CEFR involved the preparation of a language policy instrument with the aim of achieving European brotherhood and respect and tolerance among its members. However, the role of phonic competence was minimal, which meant the loss of the opportunity to take advantage of the social implications that language conveys through phonetics. Likewise, other negative aspects are attributed to it, such as the absence of prosody, conceptual inaccuracy or the role of accent as an error, among others. Consequently, the Council of Europe requested a critical report that has recently led to the publication of a companion volume of the CEFR, which updates and clarifies especially the phonological component. In this work, a critical review of this new document is made in relation to the main reference texts. The main conclusion is that great progress has been made in important aspects, but it is still necessary to strengthen concepts and highlight the role of phonetics more.

Resumen: A pesar de que se ha probado la gran utilidad que la competencia fonético-fonológica genera en la enseñanza de lenguas, así como su importancia en el proceso comunicativo, ha sido tradicionalmente relegada a un segundo plano. El MCER supuso la confección de un instrumento de política lingüística con el objetivo de lograr la fraternidad europea y la tolerancia entre sus miembros. Sin embargo, el papel de la competencia fónica fue casi testimonial, lo que supuso la pérdida de la oportunidad de aprovechar las ventajas de las implicaciones sociales que transmite el lenguaje mediante la fonética. Asimismo, se le achacan otros aspectos como la ausencia de la prosodia, la inexactitud conceptual o el papel del acento como error, entre otros. En consecuencia, el Consejo de Europa encargó un informe crítico que ha desembocado recientemente en la publicación de un volumen complementario del MCER, que actualiza y matiza especialmente el componente fonológico. En el presente trabajo, se realiza una revisión crítica de este nuevo documento en relación con los principales textos de referencia. La conclusión principal es que se ha avanzado en gran medida en aspectos importantes, pero sigue siendo necesario afianzar conceptos y resaltar más el papel de la fonética.

Abstract Although for decades efforts have been made for the in situ conservation of native corns in Mexico, their promotion and protection continue to present challenges and opportunities. In this paper, we explore these challenges and opportunities through the case of the Jala corn race from a historical, systemic, and inclusive perspective that allowed us to describe the dynamics of loss and maintenance that have prevailed in recent decades. Through a study that compares data collected almost 20 years apart on the Jala corn race, the dynamics that this corn has experienced in three aspects: its production, its utilization, and its valuation, are documented. The results highlight how maintenance and loss factors have changed and how new challenges and opportunities have appeared. Challenges associated with processes of loss of productivity and adaptation have become relevant, while opportunities to diversify its use have appeared. Challenges in integrating young people to ensure generational replacement have become more critical. Likewise, the opportunity to involve more women who promote local consumption and take advantage of the potential of markets specialized in native corns. Finally, the development of comprehensive strategies involving informal (such as the family) and formal (different levels of government) social institutions, under a national, state, and local legal framework of corn as cultural heritage, becomes critical for the in situ conservation of the Jala corn race and other corn races in Mexico.

Resumen Aun cuando por décadas en México se han llevado a cabo esfuerzos para la conservación in situ de los maíces nativos, su fomento y protección siguen presentando desafíos y oportunidades. En este artículo exploramos dichos retos y oportunidades a través del caso del maíz raza Jala desde una perspectiva histórica, sistémica e inclusiva que permitió describir las dinámicas de pérdida y de mantenimiento que han prevalecido en las últimas décadas. Mediante un estudio que compara datos colectados con casi 20 años de diferencia sobre la raza de maíz Jala, se documentan las dinámicas que ha vivido este maíz en tres aspectos: su producción, su aprovechamiento y su valoración. Los resultados resaltan cómo los factores de mantenimiento y pérdida han cambiado y cómo nuevos retos y oportunidades han aparecido. Retos asociados a procesos de pérdida de productividad y adaptación se han vuelto relevantes, mientras oportunidades para diversificar su utilización son manifiestas. Desafíos en la integración de jóvenes para asegurar el relevo generacional se han vuelto más críticos. Así como la oportunidad de involucrar más a las mujeres que promueven el consumo local y al aprovechamiento del potencial de los mercados especializados en maíces nativos. Finalmente, el desarrollo de estrategias integrales que involucran instituciones sociales informales (como la familia) y formales (diferentes niveles de gobierno), bajo un marco legal nacional, estatal y local del maíz como patrimonio cultural, se vuelve crítico para la conservación in situ del maíz raza Jala y otras razas de maíz en México.

Resumen Desde la publicación del informe Evaluación de los Ecosistemas del Milenio, el concepto de servicios ecosistémicos ha ganado visibilidad en todo el mundo, ya que muchos de estos servicios se consideran esenciales para el bienestar humano y sus actividades, y pueden representar, además, una oportunidad de apoyo financiero para estrategias de conservación de ecosistemas en peligro de extinción. En este contexto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo estimar los valores monetarios asociados a los servicios ecosistémicos y las pérdidas asociadas a los cambios de uso y cobertura del suelo en el período 1985-2021 en la cuenca del río Gurupi, ubicada en una de las regiones más deforestadas. de la Amazonía brasileña. Los resultados muestran que la disminución de las áreas forestales se reflejó en una pérdida de valor monetario de los servicios ecosistémicos de US$ 1961 millones. El saldo positivo en el período analizado se derivó principalmente del aumento de las áreas agrícolas, sin embargo, la mayor parte de estas áreas corresponden al cultivo de soja. En el período analizado, hubo una reducción de las áreas destinadas a la siembra de otros cultivos alimentarios, lo que puede representar un riesgo para la seguridad alimentaria de la región. Milenio mundo actividades además extinción contexto 19852021 1985 2021 1985-202 Gurupi deforestadas brasileña US 196 millones agrícolas embargo soja alimentarios región 1985202 198 202 1985-20 19 198520 20 1985-2 1 19852 2 1985-

Abstract Since the publication of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment report, the concept of ecosystem services has gained visibility around the world, as many of these services are seen as essential for human well-being and their activities, and represent, in addition, an opportunity for financial support for conservation strategies of ecosystems under threat. In this context, this work aims to estimate the monetary values associated with ecosystem services and the losses linked to LULC change in the period of 1985-2021 in the Gurupi river basin, in one of the most deforested regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The results show that the decrease in forest areas caused a loss of monetary value of ecosystem services of US$ 1961 million. The net gain in the analyzed period derived mainly from the increase in agricultural areas devoted to soybean cultivation, with a reduction in areas devoted to other food crops, which may represent a risk to food security in the region. report world wellbeing well being activities addition threat context 19852021 1985 2021 1985-202 basin Amazon US 196 million cultivation crops region 1985202 198 202 1985-20 19 198520 20 1985-2 1 19852 2 1985-

Resumo Desde a publicação do relatório da Avaliação Ecossistêmica do Milênio, o conceito de serviços ecossistêmicos tem ganhado visibilidade ao redor do mundo, pois muitos desses serviços são vistos como essenciais para o bem-estar humano e suas atividades, e podem representar, de maneira adicional, uma oportunidade de apoio financeiro para estratégias de conservação dos ecossistemas sob ameaça. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo estimar os valores monetários associados aos serviços ecossistêmicos e as perdas associadas às mudanças de uso e cobertura da Terra no período de 1985-2021 na bacia do rio Gurupi, localizada em uma das regiões mais desmatadas da Amazônia brasileira. Os resultados mostram que a diminuição nas áreas de florestas refletiu em uma perda de valor monetário de serviços ecossistêmicos de US$ 1961 milhões. O balanço positivo no período analisado foi derivado principalmente do aumento de áreas agrícolas, entretanto, a maior parte dessas áreas correspondem ao plantio de soja. No período analisado houve redução das áreas destinadas ao plantio de outras culturas destinadas à alimentação, o que pode representar um risco à segurança alimentar da região. Milênio mundo bemestar bem estar atividades adicional ameaça contexto 19852021 1985 2021 1985-202 Gurupi brasileira US 196 milhões agrícolas entretanto soja alimentação região 1985202 198 202 1985-20 19 198520 20 1985-2 1 19852 2 1985-

Abstract Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, health institutions had to implement significant transformations in care, which resulted in substantial restrictions on practices that were carried out in person. Within this framework, some experiences managed to sustain group and community practices in the field of mental health. This paper aims to describe and analyze participatory practices developed by the community area of a mental health center in the city of Buenos Aires and its transformations during the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspective of its professionals. This is an exploratory and descriptive study that understands health and mental health from an integral and non-normative rights perspective. Qualitative techniques are used for data collection and analysis: four interviews and a conversation were carried out, whose sample was intentional and non-probabilistic. The results present, after a brief characterization of the experience, three emerging categories that reflect moments in the institutional work process, centered on the reassignment of tasks, the transformation of group activities and the development of new strategies as an opportunity. The analysis of these categories, in articulation with the recent reform processes in mental health, allows us to conclude that the pandemic has become an analyzer of a significant validity of the biomedical model of care, that hinders the full development of community and practices in mental health. We understand that, in the current context, this can lead to an important loss of opportunities in terms of sustaining and strengthening comprehensive health strategies. Finally, we recognize the importance of sustaining these and other mental health group and community spaces that are alternatives to individualism, medicalization, and the commodification of health and life.

Resumen Desde el inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 las instituciones de salud tuvieron que implementar transformaciones significativas en la atención, lo que en parte se tradujo en restricciones sustanciales en las prácticas que se desarrollaban de forma presencial. En este marco, algunas experiencias lograron sostener prácticas grupales y comunitarias en el campo de la salud mental. El presente escrito tiene como objetivo describir y analizar prácticas participativas desarrolladas por el área comunitaria de un centro de salud mental de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y sus transformaciones durante la pandemia por COVID-19, desde la perspectiva de sus profesionales. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo que entiende a la salud y la salud mental desde una perspectiva de derechos, integral y no normativa. Se utilizan técnicas cualitativas para la recolección y análisis de datos: se realizaron cuatro entrevistas y un conversatorio cuya muestra fue intencional y no probabilística. Los resultados presentan, luego de una breve caracterización de la experiencia, tres categorías emergentes que reflejan momentos en el proceso de trabajo institucional centrados en la reasignación de tareas, la transformación de actividades grupales y el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias como oportunidad. La discusión de estas categorías en articulación con los procesos de reformas recientes en salud mental nos permite concluir que la pandemia se ha constituido en analizador de una vigencia significativa del modelo biomédico de atención que obstaculiza el pleno desarrollo de prácticas comunitarias en salud mental. Entendemos que, en el contexto actual, esto puede conllevar una importante pérdida de oportunidades en lo que se refiere al sostenimiento y fortalecimiento de estrategias integrales en salud. Finalmente, reconocemos la importancia del sostenimiento de estos y otros espacios grupales y comunitarios de salud mental alternativos al individualismo, la medicalización y la mercantilización de la salud y la vida.

Abstract Introduction: Soil loss caused by water erosion impacts both positive and negative fluxes of carbon to the atmosphere. Objective: To identify the main research trends related to the influence of water erosion on soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution and its relationship with soil and water conservation practices. Materials and methods: Literature published in national and international journals was consulted in Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. Research trends were analyzed using predefined keywords and grouped according to their affinity. Results: In the period 2012-2022, 80 % of global research focused on SOC redistribution caused by the effect of water erosion and the effect of soil management and conservation practices; however, no studies were found in this regard in Mexico. Due to water erosion, programs for the construction of soil and water conservation works have been implemented in Mexico with significant success, such as sediment control dams, but the impacts in terms of C storage have not been evaluated. Conclusions: In Mexico there are areas of opportunity to focus research at different scales: (I) analyze the redistribution of SOC caused by water erosion, (II) estimate the storage of SOC in sediments, (III) analyze the potential of mechanical soil and water conservation practices as carbon sinks, and (IV) propose a risk index of SOC loss using remote sensing.

Resumen Introducción: La pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica influye en los flujos positivos y negativos de carbono hacia la atmósfera. Objetivo: Identificar las principales tendencias de investigación con respecto a la influencia de la erosión hídrica en la redistribución del carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) y su relación con las prácticas de conservación del suelo y agua. Materiales y métodos: La literatura publicada en revistas nacionales e internacionales se consultó en Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, ResearchGate y Google Académico. Mediante palabras clave predefinidas se analizaron las tendencias de investigación y se agruparon según su afinidad. Resultados: En el periodo 2012-2022, 80 % de la investigación global se enfocó en la redistribución del COS por efecto de la erosión hídrica y en el efecto del manejo del suelo y de las prácticas de conservación; sin embargo, no se encontraron trabajos al respecto en México. Debido a la erosión hídrica, en México se han implementado programas para la construcción de obras de conservación de suelos y aguas con éxito significativo, como las presas de control de sedimentos, pero no se han evaluado los impactos en términos del almacenamiento de C. Conclusiones: En México existen áreas de oportunidad para enfocar la investigación a diferentes escalas: (I) analizar la redistribución del COS por efecto de la erosión hídrica, (II) estimar el almacenamiento del COS en sedimentos, (III) analizar el potencial de prácticas mecánicas de conservación de suelo y agua como sumideros de carbono y (IV) proponer un índice de riesgo de pérdida del COS utilizando sensores remotos.

The Covid-19 pandemic brought the world to a grinding halt, adversely affecting almost every sector including the post school education and training (PSET) sector. The South African PSET sector is no exception. The academic enterprise was abruptly disrupted and led to a serious loss of teaching and learning time as the government passed new regulations discouraging movement and physical meetings of people. The state of disaster regulations and lockdown directives pronounced during March 2020 by the South African government presented an unprecedented way of operating since the formation of many higher education institutions (HEIs). This study assesses the state of e-learning before and after the first six weeks of lockdown regulations in two HEIs, using a theoretical framework of e-learning system readiness assessment and a participatory research approach. The study reveals a state of under-preparedness by HEIs to operate under the lockdown regulations, due to the adopted blended learning policy implementation gap. Based on these findings, the study concludes with an argument that the Covid-19 pandemic presented a great opportunity for HEIs not only to adopt e-learning at the policy level but also to adapt to the new e-learning methods and practices and thus prepare universities for times of uncertainty. CATEGORIES: · Applied Computing ~ Education, e-Learning

Resumen Esta contribución presenta el registro lítico analizado de la localidad arqueológica Arturo, en el norte de Tierra del Fuego, y discute su distribución espacial y el uso integral del espacio lagunar. La mayoría del registro es de superficie y muestra variabilidad en términos de distribución espacial, composición y preservación. Se han detectado cinco sitios, dos concentraciones y varios hallazgos aislados ubicados tanto en la periferia como en el fondo lagunar. Los conjuntos líticos permitieron, por un lado, explorar las variables –densidad, tamaño, pulido y abrasión– más sensibles para evaluar el grado de destrucción y pérdida en los conjuntos, estableciendo un parámetro relativo para los tiempos de exposición de los sitios en relación con su momento de interceptación. Por otro lado, fue posible visualizar un patrón en el uso del espacio lagunar, con evidencias de adquisición de nódulos y primeros estadios de talla en la costa sur y otras actividades que implicaron la concentración de artefactos formatizados y puntas en la costa norte. El análisis de los conjuntos líticos de la laguna Arturo ha representado un desafío en términos de integridad; sin embargo, si se toman en consideración variables relacionadas con su composición, distribución espacial y remontajes, constituyen una oportunidad para comprender cómo fue utilizado este espacio.

Abstract This paper presents the lithic record known to date from Laguna Arturo and discusses its spatial distribution and the integral use of the shallow lake space. A vast majority of the artifacts from the site are surface finds; five sites, two artifact concentrations, and several isolated finds have been identified. There is noticeable variability in spatial distribution, composition, and preservation. The most sensitive variables for assessing the degree of destruction and loss in the assemblages were found by analyzing the lithic record, which established parameters for the exposure times of the sites in relation to their moment of interception. In addition, it was possible to visualize a pattern in the use of the shallow lake, with evidence of nodule acquisition and knapping on the south coast and other activities that involved the concentration of formatized artifacts and points on the north coast. Analysis of the Laguna Arturo surface lithic assemblages was challenging in terms of integrity. Even so, taking into account such variables as composition, spatial distribution, reassembly and artifact size, this record has proven to be a good opportunity to better understand use of this space.

Resumen Introducción: Las comunidades de arrecifes de coral se consideran uno de los ecosistemas marinos con mayor biodiversidad, pero también los más amenazados, y la pérdida acelerada de hábitat en las últimas décadas justifica la implementación de una intervención activa. Objetivo: El presente estudio demuestra la implementación exitosa de una técnica de restauración de bajo impacto basada en la fragmentación natural (''fragmentos de oportunidad”) del coral ramificado Pocillopora spp., la cual es la especie coralina más abundante y principal productora de carbonato del Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Métodos: El programa de restauración se implementó en dos sitios lejos de la costa y un sitio cercano a la costa, con comunidades coralinas degradadas. Las relaciones entre la temperatura del agua de mar y la supervivencia, el crecimiento y la tasa de adhesión de los corales se evaluaron durante un año con 183 fragmentos monitoreados cada mes. Resultados: La tasa media de crecimiento coralino fue de 3.3 ± 0.1 mm mo-1, con tasas de crecimiento anual en largo y ancho de 39.9 ± 14.2 y 36.5 ± 19.5 mm año-1, respectivamente. La eficiencia de la auto-adherencia fue del 78 % y la tasa de supervivencia fue alta (84 %). La tasa de crecimiento difirió significativamente entre los arrecifes. Conclusiones: Al monitorear directamente los corales fragmentados durante un año, las tasas de crecimiento se consideraron lo suficientemente altas como para merecer una restauración activa en la región. Sin embargo, nuestros datos muestran que las diferencias estructurales y abióticas y la variabilidad estacional deben considerarse en general en las iniciativas exitosas de restauración de comunidades de coral a largo plazo en la región del Pacífico oriental.

Abstract Introduction: Coral-reef communities are considered one of the most biodiverse, but also most threatened, marine ecosystems, and the accelerating loss of habitat over the past decades warrants active intervention. Objective: The present study demonstrates the successful implementation of a low-impact restoration technique in three Central Mexican Pacific degraded coral communities, using a protocol based on natural fragmentation (''fragments of opportunity”) of the branching coral Pocillopora spp., considered the most abundant and primary carbonate-producing coral species of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Methods: The restoration program was implemented in two offshore and one inshore coraline areas. The relationships between seawater temperature and coral survival, growth, and attachment rate were assessed over one year, with 183 fragments monitored each month. Results: The mean coral growth rate was 3.3 ± 0.1 mm mo-1, with annual growth rates in length and width of 39.9 ± 14.2 and 36.5 ± 19.5 mm yr-1, respectively. Self-attachment efficiency was 78 % and the survival rate was high (84 %). The growth rate differed significantly among reefs. Conclusions: Upon monitoring directly fragmented corals over a year, growth rates were deemed high enough to merit active restoration in the region. However, our data show that structural and abiotic differences and seasonal variability must be considered overall in successful long-term coral community restoration initiatives in the eastern Pacific region.

Resumen La pérdida de oportunidad es un término utilizado por la jurisprudencia española en el ámbito sanitario, y a pesar de ser una doctrina muy extendida, presenta aspectos dudosos en los requisitos para la concesión de la indemnización y en la configuración del daño. Este estudio analiza el origen y las perspectivas que abordan la pérdida de oportunidad con el fin de resolver el problema que constituye la relación de causalidad entre la actividad de un sujeto y el daño producido. Destaca la dificultad de aplicación de la técnica de la pérdida de oportunidad, que exige la incertidumbre causal unida a la preexistencia de una situación ideal para la obtención de un beneficio o ventaja que no se ha producido. La conexión entre ambas permitirá aplicar la pérdida de oportunidad o expectativa, determinando el cálculo de la indemnización de forma motivada por los Tribunales en función de la probabilidad de la oportunidad perdida. En este estudio se analizan los orígenes y perspectivas que abordan la pérdida de oportunidad para resolver el problema que constituye la relación de causalidad entre la actividad de un sujeto y el daño producido. Se revisarán diferentes casos en los que se aplica esta teoría para conocer su importancia y evolución.

Abstract Loss of opportunity is a term used by Spanish jurisprudence in the health field, and despite the fact that it is a widely used doctrine, it presents doubtful aspects in the requirements to grant compensation and the configuration of damage. The present study analyzes the origin and the perspectives that treat the loss of opportunity with the purpose of solving the problem that constitutes the causal relationship between the activity of a subject and the damage produced. It emphasizes the difficult treatment for the application of the loss of opportunity technique, requiring for its application the causal uncertainty together with the pre-existence of an ideal situation to obtain a benefit or advantage that has not occurred. The connection between the two will enable the application of the loss of opportunity or expectations, determining the calculation of the compensation in a motivated manner by the Courts based on the probability of the lost opportunity. This study analyzes the origin and the perspectives that deal with the loss of opportunity in order to solve the problem that constitutes the causal relationship between the activity of a subject and the damage produced. Different cases in which this theory is applied will be reviewed to know its importance and evolution.

Abstract South Africa, 25 years after the end of apartheid, experienced a presidential election with the highest abstention rate and lowest vote for the African National Congress - ANC party in its history. Agenda was primarily negative: corruption in the federal government, unemployment, and urban violence. A voter said in national media: - This is the last opportunity I will give to the ANC. We argue that resentment of apartheid is still among South Africans. Based on the theory of multidimensional economic voting and the discussion on racial memory, we will measure by an analytical model the impact of evaluations of federal government actions to combat unemployment, corruption, and urban violence in adhering to the president. The accession to the president will be contemplated from two dependent variables: presidential approval and vote in the ANC. Statistical tests will be conducted from Survey provided by the Afrobarometer -2018. As a result, we point out that when we changed the variable dependent from presidential approval to vote in the ANC in a fictitious election there was a loss of effect of the approval of actions to combat corruption and robust growth of the impact of apartheid rejection on the response variable. Africa 2 history negative unemployment media Africans memory variables 2018. 2018 -2018 result 201 -201 20 -20 -2

Resumo A África do Sul, aos 25 anos após apartheid, experimentou uma eleição presidencial com a maior taxa de abstenção e a menor votação do partido Congresso Nacional Africano - ANC de sua história. A agenda foi prioritariamente negativa: corrupção no governo federal, desemprego e violência urbana. Argumentamos que mágoa e rancor do apartheid permanecem entre os sul-africanos e sustentam a adesão ao ANC em eleições a despeito das insatisfações. Portanto, busca-se mensurar o impacto das avaliações das ações do presidente no combate ao desemprego, à corrupção e à violência urbana, e da rejeição ao apartheid na adesão ao ANC, ao longo do mandato e em eleição. Para isto, mobiliza-se a teoria do voto econômico e a discussão sobre memória racial, e ainda modelos de regressão logística binária. A adesão ao presidente constará de duas variáveis dependentes: aprovação presidencial no mandato e voto no ANC nas eleições. Os dados advêm do survey do Afrobarometer - 2018. Como achados, destaca-se que, com a mudança da variável dependente de aprovação presidencial em mandato para intenção de voto no ANC em eleição fictícia, houve perda do efeito da aprovação das ações do combate à corrupção e crescimento do impacto da rejeição do apartheid na variável resposta. Sul 2 história negativa federal urbana sulafricanos sul africanos insatisfações Portanto buscase busca se isto mobilizase mobiliza racial binária dependentes 2018 achados destacase destaca fictícia resposta 201 20

En esta investigación se estudiaron los costes de transporte por visita ambulatoria en pacientes remitidos para evaluación quirúrgica especializada en un hospital de atención terciaria en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Es un estudio descriptivo con responsables de pacientes pediátricos programados para consulta de cirugía pediátrica, en el que se cuestionaron factores relacionados con el coste del transporte y los costes de oportunidad (pérdida de remuneración, alimentación, pago de cuidadores de otros niños, gastos de otros cuidadores). Aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes tenían hasta 5 años de edad; cerca de 2/3 presentaban enfermedades de resolución quirúrgica simple y definitiva, 181 familias (89,17%) con renta familiar mensual de hasta BRL 1.999,00. La proporción de familias que se benefician de transporte gratuito varía entre el 4,26% y el 15,56% para los pacientes que viven hasta a 100 km del hospital (45,83% para los pacientes que viven a más de 100 km de la institución). Ciento setenta y seis (87,13%) cuidadores declaran gastos de alimentación, 12 (5,94%) pagan a los cuidadores de sus otros hijos en el día de la consulta y 80 (39,6%) declaran pérdida de salario por la jornada laboral. De los casos de alta complejidad, el 9,33% de las madres entrevistadas habían abandonado su actividad remunerada habitual. Los gastos de transporte para una consulta de cirugía pediátrica en un hospital de referencia de Río de Janeiro cuestan de media el 4,42% del salario mínimo vigente, con una media de 217,32 minutos de tiempo de viaje/consulta. Los gastos de alimentación y la pérdida de salario por ausencia en el trabajo también implican una importante carga económica o pérdida de salario para el paciente en cada cita. Brasil remuneración niños cuidadores. . cuidadores) edad 23 2 3 2/ definitiva 18 89,17% 8917 89 17 (89,17% 199900 1 999 00 1.999,00 426 4 26 4,26 1556 15 56 15,56 10 45,83% 4583 45 83 (45,83 institución. institución institución) 87,13% 8713 87 13 (87,13% 5,94% 594 94 (5,94% 8 39,6% 396 39 6 (39,6% laboral complejidad 933 9 33 9,33 habitual 442 42 4,42 vigente 21732 217 32 217,3 viajeconsulta viaje viaje/consulta cita 89,17 891 (89,17 19990 99 0 1.999,0 4,2 155 15,5 45,83 458 (45,8 87,13 871 (87,13 5,94 59 (5,94 39,6 (39,6 93 9,3 44 4,4 2173 21 217, 89,1 (89,1 1999 1.999, 4, 15, 45,8 (45, 87,1 (87,1 5,9 (5,9 39, (39, 9, 89, (89, 199 1.999 45, (45 87, (87, 5, (5, (39 (89 19 1.99 (4 (87 (5 (3 (8 1.9 ( 1.

In this study, we investigated the costs of transportation for each outpatient consultation in patients referred to specialized surgical evaluation in a tertiary hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Descriptive study with guardians of pediatric patients scheduled for pediatric surgery, questioning transportation cost, and opportunity costs (loss of remuneration, food, payment of caregivers for other children, expenses for other companions). About half patients were aged up to five years; about two thirds had diseases of simple and definitive surgical resolution; and 181 families (89.17%) presented monthly family income up to BRL 1,999.00. The proportion of families that benefited from free transportation ranged from 4.26% to 15.56% for patients living up to 100 km away from the hospital (45.83% for patients living more than 100 km away from the institution). A total of 176 (87.13%) guardians reported expenses buying food, 12 (5.94%) paid caregivers to the other children on the day of the consultation, and 80 (39.6%) reported loss of remuneration for the working day. Among the high complexity cases, 9.33% of the mothers have given up their regular paid employment. Transportation expenses for a pediatric surgery consultation at a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro cost about 4.42% of the current minimum wage, spending around 217.32 minutes of displacement/consultation. Expenses with food and loss of remuneration due to absence at work also entail significant financial charges or loss of remuneration for the patient at each consultation. Brazil companions. companions . companions) years resolution 18 89.17% 8917 89 17 (89.17% 199900 1 999 00 1,999.00 426 4 26 4.26 1556 15 56 15.56 10 45.83% 4583 45 83 (45.83 institution. institution institution) 87.13% 8713 87 13 (87.13% 5.94% 594 5 94 (5.94% 8 39.6% 396 39 6 (39.6% cases 933 9 33 9.33 employment 442 42 4.42 wage 21732 217 32 217.3 displacementconsultation displacement displacement/consultation 89.17 891 (89.17 19990 99 0 1,999.0 2 4.2 155 15.5 45.83 458 (45.8 87.13 871 (87.13 5.94 59 (5.94 39.6 3 (39.6 93 9.3 44 4.4 2173 21 217. 89.1 (89.1 1999 1,999. 4. 15. 45.8 (45. 87.1 (87.1 5.9 (5.9 39. (39. 9. 89. (89. 199 1,999 45. (45 87. (87. 5. (5. (39 (89 19 1,99 (4 (87 (5 (3 (8 1,9 ( 1,

Nesta pesquisa, estudamos os custos de transporte por consulta ambulatorial em pacientes referenciados para avaliação cirúrgica especializada em um hospital terciário no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com responsáveis por pacientes pediátricos agendados para consulta de cirurgia pediátrica, questionando fatores ligados ao custo de transporte e de oportunidade (perda de remuneração, alimentação, pagamento de cuidadores para outros filhos, despesas para outros acompanhantes). Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes tinham até 5 anos de idade, cerca de 2/3 apresentavam doenças de resolutividade cirúrgica simples e definitiva e 181 famílias (89,17%) contavam com renda familiar mensal de até R$ 1.999,00. A proporção de famílias beneficiadas por transporte gratuito variou entre 4,26-15,56% para pacientes morando até 100km de distância do hospital (45,83% para pacientes com residência a mais de 100km da instituição). Dos responsáveis, 176 (87,13%) relataram despesas para alimentação, 12 (5,94%) pagavam cuidadores para os outros filhos no dia da consulta e 80 (39,6%) referiram perda do pagamento do dia de trabalho. Dos casos de alta complexidade, 9,33% das mães entrevistadas abriram mão de exercer atividade remunerada regular. As despesas com transporte para uma consulta em cirurgia pediátrica em um hospital de referência do Rio de Janeiro custam em média 4,42% do salário mínimo vigente, com uma média de 217,32 minutos de deslocamento por consulta. Despesas com alimentação e perda de remuneração pela ausência no trabalho também implicam encargos financeiros ou perda de remuneração significativos para o paciente em cada consulta. pesquisa Brasil Tratase Trata se acompanhantes. acompanhantes . acompanhantes) idade 23 2 3 2/ 18 89,17% 8917 89 17 (89,17% R 199900 1 999 00 1.999,00 4,2615,56% 4261556 4,26 15,56% 4 26 15 56 4,26-15,56 km 45,83% 4583 45 83 (45,83 instituição. instituição instituição) 87,13% 8713 87 13 (87,13% 5,94% 594 94 (5,94% 8 39,6% 396 39 6 (39,6% complexidade 933 9 33 9,33 regular 442 42 4,42 vigente 21732 217 32 217,3 89,17 891 (89,17 19990 99 0 1.999,0 2615 4,2615,56 426155 426 4,2 1556 15,56 4,26-15,5 45,83 458 (45,8 87,13 871 (87,13 5,94 59 (5,94 39,6 (39,6 93 9,3 44 4,4 2173 21 217, 89,1 (89,1 1999 1.999, 261 4,2615,5 42615 4, 155 15,5 4,26-15, 45,8 (45, 87,1 (87,1 5,9 (5,9 39, (39, 9, 89, (89, 199 1.999 4,2615, 4261 15, 4,26-15 45, (45 87, (87, 5, (5, (39 (89 19 1.99 4,2615 4,26-1 (4 (87 (5 (3 (8 1.9 4,261 4,26- ( 1.

Nesta pesquisa, estudamos os custos de transporte por consulta ambulatorial em pacientes referenciados para avaliação cirúrgica especializada em um hospital terciário no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com responsáveis por pacientes pediátricos agendados para consulta de cirurgia pediátrica, questionando fatores ligados ao custo de transporte e de oportunidade (perda de remuneração, alimentação, pagamento de cuidadores para outros filhos, despesas para outros acompanhantes). Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes tinham até 5 anos de idade, cerca de 2/3 apresentavam doenças de resolutividade cirúrgica simples e definitiva e 181 famílias (89,17%) contavam com renda familiar mensal de até R$ 1.999,00. A proporção de famílias beneficiadas por transporte gratuito variou entre 4,26-15,56% para pacientes morando até 100km de distância do hospital (45,83% para pacientes com residência a mais de 100km da instituição). Dos responsáveis, 176 (87,13%) relataram despesas para alimentação, 12 (5,94%) pagavam cuidadores para os outros filhos no dia da consulta e 80 (39,6%) referiram perda do pagamento do dia de trabalho. Dos casos de alta complexidade, 9,33% das mães entrevistadas abriram mão de exercer atividade remunerada regular. As despesas com transporte para uma consulta em cirurgia pediátrica em um hospital de referência do Rio de Janeiro custam em média 4,42% do salário mínimo vigente, com uma média de 217,32 minutos de deslocamento por consulta. Despesas com alimentação e perda de remuneração pela ausência no trabalho também implicam encargos financeiros ou perda de remuneração significativos para o paciente em cada consulta.

En esta investigación se estudiaron los costes de transporte por visita ambulatoria en pacientes remitidos para evaluación quirúrgica especializada en un hospital de atención terciaria en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Es un estudio descriptivo con responsables de pacientes pediátricos programados para consulta de cirugía pediátrica, en el que se cuestionaron factores relacionados con el coste del transporte y los costes de oportunidad (pérdida de remuneración, alimentación, pago de cuidadores de otros niños, gastos de otros cuidadores). Aproximadamente la mitad de los pacientes tenían hasta 5 años de edad; cerca de 2/3 presentaban enfermedades de resolución quirúrgica simple y definitiva, 181 familias (89,17%) con renta familiar mensual de hasta BRL 1.999,00. La proporción de familias que se benefician de transporte gratuito varía entre el 4,26% y el 15,56% para los pacientes que viven hasta a 100 km del hospital (45,83% para los pacientes que viven a más de 100 km de la institución). Ciento setenta y seis (87,13%) cuidadores declaran gastos de alimentación, 12 (5,94%) pagan a los cuidadores de sus otros hijos en el día de la consulta y 80 (39,6%) declaran pérdida de salario por la jornada laboral. De los casos de alta complejidad, el 9,33% de las madres entrevistadas habían abandonado su actividad remunerada habitual. Los gastos de transporte para una consulta de cirugía pediátrica en un hospital de referencia de Río de Janeiro cuestan de media el 4,42% del salario mínimo vigente, con una media de 217,32 minutos de tiempo de viaje/consulta. Los gastos de alimentación y la pérdida de salario por ausencia en el trabajo también implican una importante carga económica o pérdida de salario para el paciente en cada cita.

In this study, we investigated the costs of transportation for each outpatient consultation in patients referred to specialized surgical evaluation in a tertiary hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Descriptive study with guardians of pediatric patients scheduled for pediatric surgery, questioning transportation cost, and opportunity costs (loss of remuneration, food, payment of caregivers for other children, expenses for other companions). About half patients were aged up to five years; about two thirds had diseases of simple and definitive surgical resolution; and 181 families (89.17%) presented monthly family income up to BRL 1,999.00. The proportion of families that benefited from free transportation ranged from 4.26% to 15.56% for patients living up to 100 km away from the hospital (45.83% for patients living more than 100 km away from the institution). A total of 176 (87.13%) guardians reported expenses buying food, 12 (5.94%) paid caregivers to the other children on the day of the consultation, and 80 (39.6%) reported loss of remuneration for the working day. Among the high complexity cases, 9.33% of the mothers have given up their regular paid employment. Transportation expenses for a pediatric surgery consultation at a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro cost about 4.42% of the current minimum wage, spending around 217.32 minutes of displacement/consultation. Expenses with food and loss of remuneration due to absence at work also entail significant financial charges or loss of remuneration for the patient at each consultation.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La trombosis del seno venoso representa el 1% de los eventos vasculares cerebrales; su incidencia es de 5 casos por cada millón de habitantes y su mortalidad es del 10%. Los senos sagital superior y venoso transversal son los más afectados. El embarazo es un factor de riesgo especial pues la trombosis se registra en el 0.01% de las gestaciones. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 40 años, primigesta, con embarazo gemelar bicorial biamniótico de 33.6 semanas. Se ingresó al servicio de Urgencias debido al diagnóstico de preeclampsia con criterios de severidad, con presión arterial de 160-100 mmHg y transaminasemia. Se le indicó tratamiento antihipertensivo y sulfato de magnesio intravenoso. Se decidió la finalización del embarazo por cesárea. Al cuarto día poscesárea tuvo disminución de la fuerza en ambos brazos, pérdida del tono muscular en los miembros pélvicos, cefalea holocraneana y alteración del estado de alerta (Glasgow de 14). Mediante resonancia magnética se evidenció la oclusión del seno longitudinal superior e isquemia en la región parieto occipital izquierda. Se le administraron anticoagulantes y analgésicos con los que evolucionó adecuadamente; se dio de alta sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: La trombosis del seno venoso implica un reto cuando no se tiene una alta sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes con signos y síntomas neurológicos y, más aún, cuando se agregan factores de riesgo protrombóticos, como el embarazo y el puerperio. El diagnóstico oportuno brinda la oportunidad de iniciar el tratamiento adecuado y disminuir los síntomas y comorbilidades.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Venous sinus thrombosis accounts for 1% of cerebral vascular events; its incidence is 5 cases per million population and its mortality is 10%. The superior sagittal and transverse venous sinuses are the most affected. Pregnancy is a special risk factor since thrombosis is registered in 0.01% of pregnancies. CLINICAL CASE: A 40-year-old primigravida patient with a 33.6 week biamniotic twin pregnancy. She was admitted to the Emergency Department due to the diagnosis of preeclampsia with severity criteria, with blood pressure of 160-100 mmHg and transaminasemia. She was prescribed antihypertensive treatment and intravenous magnesium sulfate. It was decided to terminate the pregnancy by cesarean section. On the fourth post-cesarean day she had decreased strength in both arms, loss of muscle tone in the pelvic limbs, holocranial headache and altered alertness (Glasgow of 14). Magnetic resonance imaging showed occlusion of the superior longitudinal sinus and ischemia in the left parietooccipital region. He was administered anticoagulants and analgesics with which he evolved adequately; he was discharged without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Venous sinus thrombosis implies a challenge when there is no high diagnostic suspicion in patients with neurological signs and symptoms and, even more so, when prothrombotic risk factors are added, such as pregnancy and puerperium. Timely diagnosis provides the opportunity to initiate appropriate treatment and reduce symptoms and comorbidities.

Abstract The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (9.3 Mw) and subsequent tsunami caused upliftment and subsidence throughout the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. This incident has significantly impacted the mangroves (97% vegetation loss) and coastal ecosystems of the Nicobar archipelago. Interestingly, the coastal subsidence has also created new intertidal habitats in the erstwhile agricultural lands and terrestrial forests, which provided an opportunity for the colonization of mangrove species. During our long-term monitoring of mangrove colonization in the Nicobar archipelago, we collected Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (Primulaceae) from Alreak, in Nicobar Islands. The occurrence of this species forms a new distributional record for the Nicobar archipelago. The present article provides detailed information on its taxonomy, ecology, and discusses the potential future spread of this species in the Nicobar Islands. 200 SumatraAndaman Sumatra 9.3 93 9 3 (9. Mw archipelago 97% 97 (97 loss Interestingly forests longterm long term L. L (L. Primulaceae (Primulaceae Alreak Islands taxonomy ecology 20 9. (9 (L 2 (