Abstract In this article, I review proposed guidelines for the touristic management of micro-territories, to establish the foundation for new neighborhood-oriented planning methodologies (micro-territories). I proposed an exploratory methodology upon which I built the baseline for organizing micro-territories considering three main axes. The first axis is a diagnosis, subdivided into components: tourism, social, and environmental, each with its indicators and evaluations. The information for its construction was gathered through direct observation and information compilation. The second axis corresponds to satellite localization and categorization of micro spaces. These were constructed on Google Earth, based on diagnostic information, and are integral parts of a micro-territory; The third axis consists of strategies for strengthening the micro-territory; in this section, I provide ideas to assist decision-makers in the studied neighborhood. The micro-territory of San Juan, located in Quito’s Oldtown was selected for this study. The results indicate that San Juan’s neighborhood has the potential to develop tourism activities, along with an important social base and good natural diversity. These aspects were reflected in four micro-spaces and the development of various strategies, ranging from public lighting to tree planting in the area. In conclusion, it is reaffirmed that the proposal is feasible; however, aspects such as its scope need to be adjusted, certain evaluation indicators need to be changed, or additional micro-spaces need to be included.

Resumen En el presente artículo se realizó una revisión a la propuesta de lineamientos para el ordenamiento turístico de microterritorios, misma que tenía como fin establecer las bases para una nueva metodología de planificación orientada a los barrios (microterritorios). Para ello se propuso una metodología exploratoria, en la cual se fueron construyendo las bases para el ordenamiento de microterritorios a través de tres ejes principales. Un diagnóstico subdividido en componentes: turístico, social y ambiental, cada uno con sus propios indicadores y evaluaciones. La información para su construcción se recopiló a través de observación directa y compilación de información. El segundo eje es la localización satelital y categorización de microespacios. Los microespacios se obtienen en base a la información del diagnóstico y son partes integrales de un microterritorio, para su construcción se usó Google Earth. El tercer eje son estrategias para el fortalecimiento del microterritorio; en este apartado se brindan ideas que sirvan a los tomadores de decisiones del barrio estudiado. El microterritorio San Juan, ubicado en el Centro Histórico de Quito, fue seleccionado para el desarrollo de la propuesta. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que el barrio San Juan cuenta con potencial para desarrollar la actividad turística, una base social importante y una buena diversidad natural. Estos aspectos fueron traducidos en la creación de cuatro microespacios y la elaboración de estrategias variadas que van desde alumbrado público hasta arborización de la zona. En conclusión, se reafirma que la propuesta es factible; sin embargo, se deben corregir aspectos como la extensión de la misma, cambiar ciertos indicadores de evaluación o aumentar otros microespacios.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los instrumentos de representación de la información y los vocabularios controlados utilizados por las bibliotecas públicas estatales de Brasil, así como el grado de conocimiento de los encuestados sobre ellos. Método: se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, que hizo uso de cuestionarios mixtos, subdivididos en once bloques de preguntas abiertas y cerradas. La muestra real estuvo constituida por 18 bibliotecas estatales, cuyo relevamiento de las instituciones se realizó en el Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas Públicas (SNBP). El análisis de los resultados siguió los lineamientos metodológicos del análisis de contenido. Resultados: los resultados mostraron una estandarización de los procesos, sin distinción de localización. Muestra el predominio en el uso de Pérgamo, MARC21 y el Código Angloamericano de Catalogación (AACR2), mientras que la Clasificación Decimal Universal (UDC) y la Clasificación Decimal Dewey (DDC) presentaron pocas menciones. Los vocabularios controlados también mostraron una baja adherencia en las respuestas, siendo la Lista de Encabezamientos Temáticos los instrumentos más mencionados por las instituciones participantes en la investigación. Conclusiones: se encontró que persistió en la dinámica del trabajo manual y restringido al profesional de la información, como el uso de tablas temáticas internas, fichas manuales de catalogación, entre otros. Se concluyó abogando por el fortalecimiento de políticas que contribuyan a la formación de los bibliotecarios que trabajan en las bibliotecas públicas estatales, para que puedan actualizarse frente a los instrumentos de representación de la información.

Resumo Investigação que objetivou identificar os instrumentos de representação da informação e vocabulários controlados utilizados pelas bibliotecas públicas estaduais no Brasil, bem como o grau de conhecimento dos respondentes sobre tais. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que fez uso de questionários mistos, subdividido em onze blocos de perguntas abertas e fechadas. A amostra real foi composta por 18 bibliotecas estaduais, cujo levantamento das instituições foi realizado no Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas Públicas (SNBP). A análise dos resultados seguiu as diretrizes metodológicas da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram uma padronização dos processos, não fazendo distinção de localidade. Explicita a predominância na utilização do Pergamum, do MARC21 e do Código de Catalogação Anglo Americano (AACR2), enquanto Classificação Decimal Universal (CDU) e Classificação Decimal de Dewey (CDD) apresentaram poucas menções. Os vocabulários controlados, também apresentaram uma baixa adesão nas respostas, sendo a Lista de Cabeçalhos de Assunto os instrumentos mais mencionados pelas instituições participantes da pesquisa. Conclusões: Constatou-se a persistência em dinâmicas de trabalhos manuais e ficando restrita ao profissional da informação, a exemplo o uso de tabelas de assunto internas, fichas catalográficas manuais, dentre outras. Concluiu-se advogando-se pelo fortalecimento de políticas que contribuam com a capacitação dos bibliotecários atuantes nas bibliotecas públicas estaduais, de modo que estes atualizem-se perante os instrumentos de representação da informação.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the information representation instruments and controlled vocabularies used by state public libraries in Brazil, as well as the respondents' degree of knowledge about them. Method: this was an exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, which made use of mixed questionnaires, subdivided into eleven blocks of open and closed questions. The actual sample consisted of 18 state libraries, whose survey of the institutions was carried out in the National System of Public Libraries (SNBP). The analysis of the results followed the methodological guidelines of content analysis. Results: the results showed a standardization of the processes, making no distinction of location. It shows the predominance in the use of Pergamum, MARC21 and the Anglo-American Cataloguing Code (AACR2), while Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) and Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) presented few mentions. The controlled vocabularies also showed a low adherence in the answers, with the List of Subject Headings being the instruments most mentioned by the institutions participating in the research. Conclusions: it was found that there was persistence in the dynamics of manual work and being restricted to the information professional, such as the use of internal subject tables, manual cataloguing cards, among others. It was concluded by advocating for the strengthening of policies that contribute to the training of librarians working in state public libraries, so that they can update themselves in the face of the instruments of information representation.

RESUMEN: A lo largo de la historia, el conocimiento sobre las meninges ha evolucionado desde los primeros registros en el papiro de Edwin Smith hasta la actualidad, donde se ha descrito SLYM, una cuarta meninge que separa el espacio subaracnoideo en un compartimiento superficial y otro profundo, a la que se le atribuyen funciones de barrera semipermeable y de nicho de células inmunes para la vigilancia y protección del sistema nerviosos central. La FIPAT contiene un grupo de terminologías que son mundialmente aceptadas para la descripción de las estructuras del cuerpo humano, sin embargo, en Terminologia Anatomica, Ter- minologia Neuroanatomica y Terminologia Histologica, aún no se encuentra incluido el término SLYM para representar una cuarta meninge, quizás porque sea un reciente descubrimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue sugerir un nuevo término que concuerde con los lineamientos de la FIPAT y con las reglas de Terminología Anatómica Regular (RAT) en reemplazo de SLYM, además de proponer su inclusión en Terminologia Anatomica, Terminologia Neuroanatomica y Terminologia Histologica, previa revisión y aprobación por parte del comité respectivo de la FIPAT. Se revisó el acrónimo SLYM y los elementos que lo conforman (membrana subaracnoidea de tipo linfática), desde un enfoque etimológico, este análisis estuvo acompañado de una revisión a las reglas RAT aceptadas por la FIPAT, que fueron consideradas para examinar su cumplimiento por parte del acrónimo SLYM. Se encontró que SLYM, al igual que los términos que lo componen no cumplen totalmente con las reglas RAT. El acrónimo SLYM no proporciona una descripción adecuada de la estructura que representa, lo que contradice las reglas RAT. Se propone el término Suprapiamater como alternativa, para su inclusión en Terminologia Anatomica, Terminologia Neuroanatomica y Terminologia Histologica, basado en elementos latinos que describen su ubicación y función, mejorando la precisión y claridad en la comunicación científica.

SUMMARY: Throughout history, knowledge about the meninges has evolved from the first records in the Edwin Smith papyrus to the present, where SLYM, a fourth meninge that separates the subarachnoid space into a superficial compartment and another, has been described deep, to which semipermeable barrier and immune cell niche functions are attributed for the surveillance and protection of the central nervous system. The FIPAT contains a group of terminologies that are globally accepted for the description of the structures of the human body, however, in Terminologia Anatomica, Terminologia Neuroanatomica and Terminologia Histologica, the term SLYM to represent a fourth meninge is not yet included, perhaps because be a recent discovery. The objective of this study was to suggest a new term that agrees with the FIPAT guidelines and with the Regular Anatomical Terminology (RAT) rules to replace SLYM, in addition to proposing its inclusion in Terminologia Anatomica, Terminologia Neuroanatomica and Terminologia Histologica, previously review and approval by the respective FIPAT committee. The acronym SLYM and the elements that make it up (Subarachnoid Lymphatic-like Membrane) were reviewed from an etymological approach. This analysis was accompanied by a review of the RAT rules accepted by FIPAT, which were considered to examine their compliance by the acronym SLYM. It was found that SLYM, like the terms that compose it, do not fully comply with the RAT rules. The SLYM acronym does not provide an adequate description of the structure it represents, which contradicts the RAT rules. The term suprapiamater is proposed as an alternative, for inclusion in Terminologia Anatomica, Terminologia Neuroanatomica and Terminologia Histologica, based on Latin elements that describe its location and function, improving precision and clarity in scientific communication.

BACKGROUND: Poetry predates all other genres of literature, and it has been argued that the relationship between poetry and language is inextricable. The ability of African people to articulate their own stories was largely silenced by colonialism. Poems and lyrics have been known to create a bridge between individuals in meaningful words and songs AIM: This article explores Grade 3 teachers' experiences of teaching poetry and their utilisation of play pedagogies to enhance learning and make it pleasurable SETTING: Three schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, were purposively selected because of their rural location. The sample comprised six Grade 3 teachers who worked in these three rural primary schools. The learners in the study were using isiZulu as a language of learning and teaching METHODS: Semi-structured interviews, document analysis and non-participant observations were employed to generate the data RESULTS: Regardless, Grade 1 teachers know their knowledge of the value of play pedagogies in the development of young children CONCLUSION: Researchers suggest that Grade 3 teachers need to align their practice and lesson plans with Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) proposals and guidelines. Moreover, play pedagogies need to be implemented and these need to be realistically aligned with allocated time frames and available resources to mitigate the severe restraints that impede effective poetry teaching as a tool for facilitating learning CONTRIBUTION: To ensure the success of all Grade 3 learners in the realm of poetry understanding and writing, it is imperative that Foundation Phase (FP) teachers align their teaching to the CAPS pedagogies to expose learners to various forms of poetry

The frequent occurrence of disasters because of Indonesia's geographical location within the Ring of Fire calls for effective disaster-management efforts. With the issuance of Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management, the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana or BNPB) was subsequently established. Keeping in mind previous disasters in Indonesia which occur in different regions, that is, Palu and Aceh Tsunami, Cianjur earthquake, and Mount Merapi, Indonesia's disaster-management law is general and lacks technical guidelines in addressing the needs of the various regions and the different contours of geography. This article aims to analyse existing Indonesian regulatory and agency problems in disaster management by conducting a normative and comparative approach between the disaster management policy in the United States of America (USA) and Indonesia. The authors chose the USA's disaster-management policy in particular as most comparative studies on disaster management law do not involve the USA despite the State's ability to provide a comprehensive and consistent policy in the midst of the decentralisation of responsibilities with the numerous states. The authors conclude that according to existing disaster-management laws in USA and Indonesia, the government is obligated to fulfil its citizens' rights in the event of natural disasters. Furthermore, noting the issues that exist within the Indonesian disaster-management system, Indonesia can adopt the best practices of the USA to improve its disaster-management system. Among others, Indonesia can learn from the USA in the fields of accountability and transparency amongst agencies, the development of Early Warning Systems, an improved system of interagency cooperation, as well as the provision of specific disaster-management assistance. CONTRIBUTION: The findings of this study are expected to serve as evaluation material and to improve government effectiveness in dealing with natural disasters.

ORIENTATION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting lockdowns have significantly impacted the work environment, increasing remote and hybrid work practices. This shift has posed challenges for managers and employees as they adapt to new working methods, impacting employee performance management in hybrid settings. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The study explored how managers have adapted their performance management methods in remote and hybrid work environments. It also sought to understand remote employees' experiences with performance management practices. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: There is limited research on evaluating employee performance in hybrid work environments. This research identified this gap and explored how managers can best support employees' performance while working remotely. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: The study used an interpretivist and qualitative approaches. A purposive sampling technique selected 18 participants, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews following a phenomenology research strategy. MAIN FINDINGS: Key themes included continuous performance communication, team deliverable meetings, the importance of face-to-face engagements, clarity on performance expectations, trust, and well-being. Managers and employees used one-on-one and team sessions to track deliverables, discuss work challenges, and communicate performance expectations. Clearly defined performance expectations are crucial in hybrid and remote settings. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study highlighted the effects of hybrid work on interpersonal relationships and emphasised the need for managers to adapt performance management practices to ensure consistent standards for all employees, regardless of location. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The findings can inform the development of performance management guidelines tailored to remote and hybrid work, helping managers enhance their effectiveness and create positive employee experiences.

ABSTRACT Objective: Although EBUS-TBNA combined with EUS-FNA or EUS-B-FNA stands as the primary approach for mediastinal staging in lung cancer, guidelines recommend mediastinoscopy confirmation if a lymph node identified on chest CT or showing increased PET scan uptake yields negativity on these techniques. This study aimed to assess the staging precision of EBUS/EUS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study comparing the clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing EBUS/EUS with their post-surgery pathological staging. We analyzed the influence of histology, location, tumor size, and the time lapse between EBUS and surgery. Patients with N0/N1 staging on EBUS/EUS, undergoing surgery, and with at least one station approached in both procedures were selected. Post-surgery, patients were categorized into N0/N1 and N2 groups. Results: Among the included patients (n = 47), pathological upstaging to N2 occurred in 6 (12.8%). Of these, 4 (66.7%) had a single N2 station, and 2 (33.3%) had multiple N2 stations. The adenopathy most frequently associated with upstaging was station 7. None of the analyzed variables demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of upstaging. PET scan indicated increased uptake in only one of these adenopathies, and only one was visualized on chest CT. Conclusions: Upstaging proved independent of the studied variables, and only 2 patients with negative EBUS/EUS would warrant referral for mediastinoscopy. Exploring other noninvasive methods with even greater sensitivity for detecting micrometastatic lymph node disease is crucial. Objective EBUSTBNA TBNA EUSFNA EUS FNA EUSBFNA B techniques EBUSEUS Methods nonsmall non small postsurgery post surgery histology location size N0N1 NN N0 N1 N N0/N selected Postsurgery, Postsurgery Post Post-surgery groups Results n 47, 47 , 47) 12.8%. 128 12.8% . 12 8 (12.8%) 66.7% 667 66 7 (66.7% 33.3% 333 33 3 (33.3% stations adenopathies Conclusions crucial N0N 12.8 1 (12.8% 66.7 (66.7 33.3 (33.3 12. (12.8 66. (66. 33. (33. (12. (66 (33 (12 (6 (3 (1 (

RESUMO Introdução: As hérnias da parede abdominal, englobam em seu conceito as hérnias ventrais e incisionais. Essas hérnias são mal classificadas quanto à complexidade de forma geral. Esse estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão sobre os principais tópicos relacionados à definição de complexidade das hérnias ventrais. Métodos: trata-se de revisão de escopo realizada com as orientações preconizadas pela diretriz PRISMA-ScR. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas do PubMed, LILACS e EMBASE, empregando os descritores: “Abdominal Hernia”; Hernia; “Ventral Hernia”; “Incisional Hernia”; Complex; Classification, Classify, Grade, Scale e definition. Combinações entre os termos foram utilizadas quando oportunas. Os critérios de inclusão abrangiam artigos com definições e classificações de hérnias complexas, além daqueles que usavam essas classificações para orientar tratamentos e alocação de pacientes. Sinônimos e tópicos relacionados também foram considerados. Artigos fora do escopo ou sem os temas no título ou resumo foram excluídos. A busca nas bases de dados foi realizada até o dia 29/07/2023. Resultados: diversas classificações de hérnias foram identificadas como sendo úteis para prever complexidade. Consideramos para esse estudo seis critérios principais: tamanho e localização, perda de domicílio, uso de técnicas de relaxamento da parede abdominal, características dos exames de imagem, status do tecido celular subcutâneo e chance de recorrência. Conclusão: as hérnias complexas da parede abdominal podem ser definidas por características analisadas conjuntamente e que estão relacionadas ao estado clínico prévio do paciente, tamanho e localização do defeito herniário, status do tecido celular subcutâneo, técnicas de liberação miofascial e outros fatores complicadores.. Introdução incisionais geral Métodos tratase trata se PRISMAScR. PRISMAScR PRISMA ScR. ScR PRISMA-ScR PubMed EMBASE descritores Abdominal Hernia Hernia” Ventral Incisional Complex Classification Classify Grade definition oportunas pacientes considerados excluídos 29072023 29 07 2023 29/07/2023 Resultados domicílio imagem recorrência Conclusão paciente herniário complicadores complicadores. 2907202 2 0 202 29/07/202 290720 20 29/07/20 29072 29/07/2 2907 29/07/ 290 29/07 29/0 29/

ABSTRACT Introduction: Abdominal wall hernias encompass both ventral and incisional hernias, often poorly classified regarding complexity in general. This study aims to conduct a review on the primary topics related to defining the complexity of ventral hernias. Methods: this is a scope review conducted following the guidelines recommended by the PRISMA-ScR directive. Searches were carried out in electronic databases including PubMed, LILACS, and EMBASE, using the descriptors: Abdominal Hernia, Hernia, Ventral Hernia, Incisional Hernia, Complex, Classification, Classify, Grade, Scale, and Definition. Combinations of these terms were employed when appropriate. Inclusion criteria encompassed articles with definitions and classifications of complex hernias, as well as those utilizing these classifications to guide treatments and patient allocation. Synonyms and related topics were also considered. Articles outside the scope or lacking the themes in their title or abstract were excluded. The database search was conducted up to July 29, 2023. Results: several hernia classifications were identified as useful in predicting complexity. For this study, we considered six main criteria: size and location, loss of domain, use of abdominal wall relaxation techniques, characteristics of imaging exams, status of the subcutaneous cellular tissue, and likelihood of recurrence. Conclusion: complex abdominal wall hernias can be defined by characteristics analyzed collectively, relating to the patients previous clinical status, size and location of the hernia defect, status of subcutaneous cellular tissue, myofascial release techniques, and other complicating factors. Introduction general Methods PRISMAScR PRISMA ScR directive PubMed LILACS EMBASE descriptors Hernia Complex Classification Classify Grade Scale Definition appropriate allocation excluded 29 2023 Results domain techniques exams tissue recurrence Conclusion collectively defect factors 2 202 20

Resumo Objetivos: analisar as diretrizes clínicas de países que ofertam a realização de aborto na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), buscando compreender como se dá a organização dos serviços e atuação dos profissionais da APS em diferentes cenários, de modo a ampliar a reflexão sobre a viabilidade desta oferta no Brasil. Métodos: revisão narrativa realizada a partir da plataforma Global Abortion Policies Database, que reúne informações abrangentes sobre leis, regulamentações e diretrizes clínicas referentes ao aborto. Foram selecionadas as diretrizes clínicas de países em que o aborto é realizado no primeiro nível de atenção, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Resultados: 26 países foram identificados e 13 foram incluídos no estudo. De modo geral, o aborto é realizado na APS no primeiro trimestre, com uso de medicamentos ou técnicas de aspiração, por categorias profissionais variadas conforme a localidade, sem necessidade de ultrassonografia prévia. Conclusões: a análise das experiências internacionais mostra que é possível prover aborto em serviços de APS utilizando a força de trabalho e estrutura existentes, conforme as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde para facilitação do acesso ao procedimento. No Brasil, apesar dos problemas relacionados ao acesso ao aborto legal, sua realização segue restrita a hospitais. Espera-se contribuir para a reformulação das regulamentações acerca do aborto no país. Objetivos APS, , (APS) cenários Brasil Métodos Database leis atenção inglês português Resultados 2 1 estudo geral trimestre aspiração localidade prévia Conclusões existentes procedimento legal hospitais Esperase Espera país (APS

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the clinical guidelines of countries that offer abortion in Primary Health Care (PHC), aiming to understand how the service delivery and the performance of PHC professionals occurs in different scenarios, to reflect on the viability of this offer in Brazil. Methods: narrative review carried out from the Global Abortion Policies Database platform, which gathers comprehensive information on abortion laws, regulations and clinical guidelines. Clinical guidelines from countries where abortion is performed at the first level of care were selected, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: 26 countries were identified and 13 were included in the study. In general, abortion is performed in PHC in the first trimester, using medication or aspiration techniques, by different professional categories depending on the location, without the need for prior ultrasound. Conclusions: the study of international experiences shows that it is possible to provide abortion in PHC services using the existing workforce and structure, in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization to facilitate access to the procedure. In Brazil, despite the problems related to access to legal abortion, its performance remains restricted to hospitals. It is expected to contribute to the reformulation of regulations regarding abortion in the country. Objectives PHC, , (PHC) scenarios Brazil Methods platform laws selected English Portuguese Results 2 1 general trimester techniques location ultrasound Conclusions structure procedure hospitals country (PHC

Abstract This systematic review aims to determine whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) influences the immunohistochemical expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression varies in OPSCC, and the presence of HPV is a plausible explanation for this variability. Comprehending these findings is crucial, as high PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of OPSCC can help identify patient subgroups that could be suitable for immunotherapy. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (CRD42023437800). An electronic literature search was performed without time or language restrictions. The search included PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, https://clinictrials.gov, and relevant journals. A meta-analysis was performed using RStudio. Fourteen studies involving 1,629 participants were included. The sample consisted predominantly of males (81.26%) with a mean age of 58.3 years. Concerning clinical and pathological characteristics, the most frequently described anatomical location was the tonsils (68.54%), and most participants were either current or former smokers (78%) and alcohol users (79%). Advanced TNM IV was the most common stage. Regarding histopathological characteristics, HPV 16 was the only type mentioned, and half of the cases were detected through immunohistochemistry. The SP142 clone (35.7%) and the pattern of membrane immunostaining in tumor cells (71%) were the most commonly employed methods. The most prevalent findings were positive expression of PD-L1 (64.28%) and negative HPV status (57.14%). The association between PD-L1 positivity and HPV positivity (78.57%) was confirmed by meta-analysis. The conclusion was that HPV-positive status has an impact on immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in OPSCC. (HPV death1 death 1 death- PDL1 PDL PD L1 L (PD-L1 . (OPSCC) PD-L variability crucial immunotherapy Therefore CRD42023437800. CRD42023437800 CRD (CRD42023437800) restrictions PubMedMEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE PubMed/MEDLINE Embase Scopus Science https//clinictrials.gov, httpsclinictrialsgov https //clinictrials.gov, clinictrials gov https://clinictrials.gov journals metaanalysis meta analysis RStudio 1629 629 1,62 81.26% 8126 81 26 (81.26% 583 58 3 58. years characteristics 68.54%, 6854 68.54% , 68 54 (68.54%) 78% 78 (78% 79%. 79 79% (79%) stage mentioned immunohistochemistry SP SP14 35.7% 357 35 7 (35.7% 71% 71 (71% methods 64.28% 6428 64 28 (64.28% 57.14%. 5714 57.14% 57 14 (57.14%) 78.57% 7857 (78.57% metaanalysis. analysis. HPVpositive (PD-L (OPSCC CRD4202343780 (CRD42023437800 https//clinictrials.gov clinictrialsgov //clinictrials.gov 162 62 1,6 81.26 812 8 2 (81.26 5 685 68.54 6 (68.54% (78 (79% SP1 35.7 (35.7 (71 64.28 642 (64.28 571 57.14 (57.14% 78.57 785 (78.57 CRD420234378 (CRD4202343780 1, 81.2 (81.2 68.5 (68.54 (7 (79 35. (35. 64.2 (64.2 57.1 (57.14 78.5 (78.5 CRD42023437 (CRD420234378 81. (81. 68. (68.5 ( (35 64. (64. 57. (57.1 78. (78. CRD4202343 (CRD42023437 (81 (68. (3 (64 (57. CRD420234 (CRD4202343 (8 (68 (6 (57 CRD42023 (CRD420234 (5 CRD4202 (CRD42023 CRD420 (CRD4202 CRD42 (CRD420 CRD4 (CRD42 (CRD4 (CRD

Abstract Background: Extracranial internal carotid aneurysms are extremely rare and usually diagnosed as incidental findings although thromboembolic events or rupture can occur. Historically treated by open surgery, endovascular repair is emerging as an alternative. We present our center’s experience with both approaches. Case reports: Four internal carotid aneurysm cases are presented: Case 1 - 60-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic 20mm saccular aneurysm of the carotid bifurcation. He underwent arterial reconstruction with a bypass using a 6mm ePTFE graft and reimplantation of the external carotid artery. Case 2 - 61-year-old female presents with an asymptomatic 17mm saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. Aneurismectomy and direct reconstruction through an end-to-end anastomosis was possible due to artery redundancy. Case 3 - 36-year-old patient with a history of Cushing's syndrome due to a secretory adenoma of the pituitary gland presented with an 19mm fusiform aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. After pituitary gland tumor recession, he underwent arterial reconstruction with an inlay saphenous vein bypass. Case 4 - 77-year-old female presents with a 27mm saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. Endovascular aneurysm exclusion using a self-expandable covered stent was performed through a cervical carotid surgical approach. Stent occlusion was observed in the postoperative period but without neurological symptoms. Conclusion: Existing data on endovascular treatment’s short- and medium-term outcomes are comparable to surgery, but long-term results are unknown and high rates of technical failure have been associated to artery tortuosity. There are no specific guidelines to guide decision-making and treatment decisions must be individualized according to the morphology and location of the aneurysm and patient's comorbidities.

Resumo A verticalidade eleva, de qualquer perspectiva em ordem de identidade, a dimensão a partir da qual a história e a evolução do indivíduo são explicadas e respondidas. Essa descrição imperfeita descreve seu pertencimento como um exercício de definição constante, com base na memória sintética quando se olha o passado e se torna uma autodefinição expandida quando se refere ao presente. Por sua vez, é localização e reconhecimento, cujo escopo descritivo será dado de acordo com a visão da própria imagem coletiva, projetada no futuro a médio prazo. A identidade e sua proximidade com a ontologia são seguidas de perto por comportamentos instintivos. Costumes, tradição e moralidade são a estrutura na qual os critérios de ação são circunscritos nos indivíduos como uma reafirmação de quem eles são e como eles se entendem e se explicam. O reconhecimento e o senso de critérios morais e éticos garantem diretrizes adequadas de acordo com o grupo social, resultam em inflexões que permitem ao indivíduo se redefinir e agir dentro dos parâmetros de sua cultura ou região em resposta a estímulos internos ou externos em seu contexto. A validade desses critérios comportamentais tem sua origem na reflexão e no reconhecimento ou não da regra, diante da objeção de que o bem representa o mal; portanto, é necessário se posicionar em uma situação peculiar. Essa mesma cadeia de valores e normas se aplica, por exemplo, no campo perceptivo para determinar o que há de melhor dentro desse espectro e processo de design, ambiente no qual fenômenos semelhantes ou relacionados ocorrem de maneiras diferentes. A dialética dessa configuração de ser, fazendo a coisa certa e recriando adequadamente, envolve elos que envolvem emoções, filosofia, memória e aprendizado, cuja interação e mensuração levam a produtos que projetam um traço de identidade análogo.

Abstract Verticality raises, from any perspective in order of identity, the dimension from which the individual's history and evolution are explained and responded to. This imperfect description outlines its belonging as an exercise in constant definition, based on synthetic memory when looking at the past and becomes expanded self-definition when it is referred to the present. It is in turn location and recognition, the descriptive scope of which will be given according to the vision of the collective imagination itself, projected into the future in the medium term. Identity and its closeness to ontology is closely followed by instinctive behaviors. Customs, tradition and morality are the structure to which the action criteria are circumscribed in individuals as a reaffirmation of who they are and how they understand and explain themselves. The recognition and sense of moral and ethical criteria ensure adequate guidelines according to the social group, result in inflection that allows the individual to redefine herself and act within the parameters of her culture or region in response to internal or external stimuli in her context. The validity of these behavioral criteria have their origin in the reflection and recognition or not of the rule, in the face of the objection that good represents evil, therefore it is necessary to take a position in a peculiar situation. This same chain of values and norms, applies as an example, in the perceptual field to determine what is best within that spectrum and design process, environment within which similar or related phenomena occur in different ways. The dialectic of this configuration of being, doing the right thing and properly recreating, entails links that involve emotions, philosophy, memory and learning, whose interaction and measurement lead to products that project an analogous identity trait.

Resumen La verticalidad plantea, desde cualquier perspectiva en orden de la identidad, la dimensión desde la que se explica y responde a la historia y devenir del individuo. Esta descripción imperfecta, perfila su pertenencia como un ejercicio en constante definición, basado en la memoria sintética cuando se la mira hacia el pasado y se convierte en autodefinición expandida cuando ésta es referida al presente. Es a su vez ubicación y reconocimiento, cuya amplitud descriptiva estará dada de acuerdo a la visión del imaginario colectivo propio, proyectado a un futuro al mediano plazo. La identidad y su cercanía con la ontología va seguida de cerca de conductas instintivas. Las costumbres, la tradición y la moral son la estructura a la que se circunscriben los criterios de acción en los individuos como reafirmación de quienes son y cómo se entienden y explican a sí mismos. El reconocimiento y sentido de criterios morales y éticos aseguran pautas adecuadas según el grupo social, resultan en la inflexión que permite al individuo redefinirse y actuar dentro de los parámetros de su cultura o región como respuesta a estímulos internos o externos a su contexto. La validez de estos criterios conductuales tienen su origen en la reflexión y reconocimiento o no de la regla, frente a la objeción que representan el bien el mal, en consecuencia es preciso tomar una postura ante una situación peculiar. Esta misma cadena de valores y normas, aplica como ejemplo, en el campo perceptual para determinar que es lo mejor dentro de ese espectro y proceso del diseño, entorno al cual ocurren fenómenos similares o afines de diferentes maneras. La dialéctica de esta configuración del ser, hacer lo correcto y recrear adecuadamente, entraña vínculos que involucran emociones, filosofía, memoria y aprendizaje, cuya interacción y mensura derivan en productos que proyectan un rasgo análogo identitario.

Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

Abstract Introduction Myringotomy and ear tube placement (MTP) is the surgical treatment for otitis media with effusion (OME), and it is the most common surgery performed in children. Several guidelines have been developed to assist in the care of patients who become candidates for MTP. Objectives To evaluate the practice of Brazilian otorhinolarynogologists when performing MTP according to the years of clinical experience. Secondarily, we also want to assess if their practice regarding MTP varied according to the percentage of children treated and the location of their practice. Methods A 30-question survey was sent to otolaryngologists affiliated with the Brazilian Academy of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (Academia Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica, ABOPe, in Portuguese) and/or the Scientific Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, SBP, in Portuguese). The questions included were carefully chosen to provide a profile about the practices adopted in the pre-, peri- and postoperative periods of MTP. Results The questionnaire was sent to 208 otolaryngologists, and there were 124 (59.6%) respondents. Of those, 59.7% use antiseptics before surgery. Only 54 otolaryngologists, less than half of the subjects in this study (43.5%), always place a tube during the procedure. More physicians who practice in small cities recommend water precautions after MTP when compared to other physicians (p < 0.001). Conclusions The present study reveals that many respondents do not follow some of the recommendations of the current guidelines of the American Academy of (MTP OME, OME , (OME) experience Secondarily 30question question 30 Academia Pediátrica ABOPe Portuguese andor or Sociedade Pediatria SBP Portuguese. . pre, pre pre- peri 20 12 59.6% 596 59 6 (59.6% those 597 7 59.7 5 43.5%, 435 43.5% 43 (43.5%) procedure p 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) (OME 3 2 1 59.6 (59.6 59. 43.5 4 (43.5% 000 0.00 00 (59. 43. (43.5 0.0 (59 (43. 0. (5 (43 ( (4

Mobile phone technology has been a catalyst that has added an innovative dimension in health care and created new opportunities for digital health services. These digital devices can be viewed as an extension of the person using them due to the deluge of personal information that can be collected and stored on them. Data collected on mobile phones are used extensively in health services and research. Personal, mobility and location data are constantly collected. The unique mobile phone architecture provides for an easy flow of data between various role players such as application developers and phone manufacturers. The collection, storage and sharing of personal information on mobile phones elicit various legal questions relating to the protection of privacy, consent, liability and the accountability of stakeholders such as health insurance providers, hospital groups and national departments of health. SIGNIFICANCE: We analyse the major legal concerns of mobility and location data collection and processing through mobile phones in the context of health care and provide recommendations to develop data protection guidelines that are built on the principles of lawfulness, fairness and transparency. The issues explored are of relevance in an African context and to a broader international audience.