Abstract The article addresses some effects of the transformation of industrial spaces in Barcelona since the second half of the 1980s. It describes the phases of industrial heritage management in the city since the beginning of democracy and analyzes citizen resistances and actions arising in the context of the contradictions between collective identity, local development, and the global projection of the city that the transformation of industrial space generates. To illustrate these processes, two cases of factory complexes located in two of the city’s main industrial complexes are studied: Can Ricart (District X, Sant Martí) and Can Batlló (District III, Sants-Montjuïc). 1980s s identity development generates processes citys studied District X Martí III SantsMontjuïc. SantsMontjuïc Sants Montjuïc . Sants-Montjuïc) Sants-Montjuïc

Resumen El artículo desgrana algunos de los efectos de la transformación de los espacios industriales en Barcelona desde la segunda mitad de los años ochenta del siglo XX. Describe las fases de la gestión del patrimonio industrial en la ciudad condal desde los inicios de la democracia y analiza las resistencias y acciones ciudadanas que se originan en el contexto de las contradicciones entre la identidad colectiva, el desarrollo local y la proyección global de ciudad que la transformación del espacio industrial genera. Para ilustrar estos procesos se estudian dos casos de complejos fabriles situados en dos de los principales conjuntos industriales de la ciudad: Can Ricart (Distrito X, Sant Martí) y Can Batlló (Distrito III, Sants-Montjuïc). XX colectiva genera Distrito X Martí III SantsMontjuïc. SantsMontjuïc Sants Montjuïc . Sants-Montjuïc) Sants-Montjuïc

RESUMO: A quantificação e avaliação das mudanças espaço-temporais na qualidade do solo são importantes para compreender os mecanismos de degradação do solo e restaurar a produtividade da terra danificada. Contudo, os efeitos da subsidência da mineração de carvão nas características espaciais e temporais da qualidade do solo não são bem compreendidos. Foram investigados os teores de pH, matéria orgânica (MO), nitrogênio total (NT), nitrogênio nitrato (NN), nitrogênio amoniacal (AN), fósforo total (TP), fósforo disponível (FA), potássio disponível (AK), total potássio (TK), capacidade de troca catiônica (CEC), atividade de sacarase (SA), atividade de urease (UA), atividade de fosfatase (PA), atividade de catalase (CA) e atividade de desidrogenase (DA) na área subsidiada de mineração de carvão. Os resultados mostraram que os teores de TN, NN, AN, TP, AK, TK, SA, UA, PA, CA e DA apresentaram diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) entre as quatro estações. Comparada com a camada superior (0-20 cm), a camada inferior (20-40 cm) continha maiores teores de AN, NN, TN, TP e TK, mas menores teores de SA, UA, PA, CA e DA. Os NN, AP, TP, AK e UA foram identificados como indicadores-chave no conjunto mínimo de dados utilizando análise de componentes principais. As mudanças sazonais no índice de qualidade do solo (IQS) ocorreram na seguinte ordem: inverno (0,707), primavera (0,681), verão (0,616) e outono (0,563). O valor do IQF foi mais alto para a posição 3 do declive médio (0,508), seguido pela posição 4 do declive inferior (0,507), posição 1 do declive superior (0,446), posição 2 do declive superior (0,442) e posição 5 do declive inferior (0,437). Com base nestas mudanças espaço-temporais na qualidade do solo, foi sugerido que a aplicação de múltiplos tipos de uso da terra pode ser um método útil para a recuperação de terras e o interesse dos agricultores locais na área subsidiada de mineração de carvão. RESUMO espaçotemporais espaço danificada Contudo compreendidos pH MO, MO , (MO) NT, NT (NT) NN (NN) AN (AN) (TP) FA, FA (FA) (AK) TK (TK) CEC, CEC (CEC) SA (SA) (UA) PA (PA) (CA (DA TN P 0,05 005 0 05 estações 020 20 (0-2 cm, cm 2040 40 (20-4 AP indicadoreschave indicadores chave principais IQS (IQS ordem 0,707, 0707 0,707 707 (0,707) 0,681, 0681 0,681 681 (0,681) 0,616 0616 616 (0,616 0,563. 0563 0,563 . 563 (0,563) 0,508, 0508 0,508 508 (0,508) 0,507, 0507 0,507 507 (0,507) 0,446, 0446 0,446 446 (0,446) 0,442 0442 442 (0,442 0,437. 0437 0,437 437 (0,437) (MO (NT (NN (AN (TP (FA (AK (TK (CEC (SA (UA (PA 0,0 00 02 (0- 204 (20- 070 0,70 70 (0,707 068 0,68 68 (0,681 0,61 061 61 (0,61 056 0,56 56 (0,563 050 0,50 50 (0,508 (0,507 044 0,44 44 (0,446 (0,44 043 0,43 43 (0,437 0, (0 (20 07 0,7 7 (0,70 06 0,6 6 (0,68 (0,6 0,5 (0,56 (0,50 04 0,4 (0,4 (0,43 ( (2 (0,7 (0, (0,5

ABSTRACT: Quantification and evaluation of the spatiotemporal changes in soil quality is important to understand soil degradation mechanisms and restore the damaged land productivity. However, the effects of coal mining subsidence on the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil quality are not well understood. We investigated the contents of pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonia nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), total potassium (TK), cation exchange capacity (CEC), sucrase activity (SA), urease activity (UA), phosphatase activity (PA), catalase activity (CA) and dehydrogenase activity (DA) in the coal mining subsided area. The results showed that the contents of TN, NN, AN, TP, AK, TK, SA, UA, PA, CA and DA exhibited significant (P < 0.05) differences among the four seasons. Compared with the upper layer (0-20 cm), the lower layer (20-40 cm) contained higher contents of AN, NN, TN, TP and TK but lower contents of SA, UA, PA, CA and DA. The NN, AP, TP, AK and UA were identified as key indicators in the minimum dataset using principal component analysis. The seasonal changes of soil quality index (SQI) were in the following order: winter (0.707), spring (0.681), summer (0.616), and autumn (0.563). The spatial changes of SQI were highest for middle slope position 3 (0.508), followed by lower slope position 4 (0.507), top slope position 1 (0.446), upper slope position 2 (0.442), and bottom slope position 5 (0.437). Based on these spatiotemporal changes in soil quality, it was suggested that the application of multiple land use types may be a useful method for land reclamation and the interest of local farmers in the coal mining subsided area. ABSTRACT productivity However understood pH OM, OM , (OM) TN (TN) NN (NN) AN (AN) (TP) AP (AP) (AK) (TK) CEC, CEC (CEC) SA (SA) (UA) PA (PA) (CA (DA area P 0.05 005 0 05 seasons 020 20 (0-2 cm, cm 2040 40 (20-4 analysis (SQI order 0.707, 0707 0.707 707 (0.707) 0.681, 0681 0.681 681 (0.681) 0.616, 0616 0.616 616 (0.616) 0.563. 0563 0.563 . 563 (0.563) 0.508, 0508 0.508 508 (0.508) 0.507, 0507 0.507 507 (0.507) 0.446, 0446 0.446 446 (0.446) 0.442, 0442 0.442 442 (0.442) 0.437. 0437 0.437 437 (0.437) (OM (TN (NN (AN (TP (AP (AK (TK (CEC (SA (UA (PA 0.0 00 02 (0- 204 (20- 070 0.70 70 (0.707 068 0.68 68 (0.681 061 0.61 61 (0.616 056 0.56 56 (0.563 050 0.50 50 (0.508 (0.507 044 0.44 44 (0.446 (0.442 043 0.43 43 (0.437 0. (0 (20 07 0.7 7 (0.70 06 0.6 6 (0.68 (0.61 0.5 (0.56 (0.50 04 0.4 (0.44 (0.43 ( (2 (0.7 (0.6 (0.5 (0.4 (0.

ABSTRACT The political dimension of basic sanitation management in Brazil, especially the principle of participatory and democratic management, is one of the main challenges to guaranteeing access to these services as a human right. This article describes a proposal for governance of basic sanitation management guided by the system of guarantees of rights. We used a theoretical and methodological framework drawing on Juan Samaja’s theory of social reproduction. The study area comprises the municipalities that make up the Triangle and Upper Solimões River health regions in the state of Amazonas. The operationality of the management governance model is based on a matrix of elements comprising the responsibilities and competency of state and non-state institutions. These are distributed across different dimensions of social reproduction, which represent the locus of action of each institution, respecting their respective missions. The matrix is made up of transversal and intersectoral components that strengthen joint work processes, with the various subjects involved in the process acting in solidarity within the scope of the committee for the ongoing monitoring of living conditions and health.

RESUMO A dimensão política da gestão do saneamento básico no Brasil, sobretudo no que tange aos princípios da gestão participativa e democrática, constitui um dos maiores desafios a serem vencidos para garantir o acesso aos serviços como um direito humano. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever uma proposta de governança da gestão de saneamento básico orientada pela noção do sistema de garantias de direitos. O método foi do tipo teórico-metodológico, orientado pela teoria da reprodução social de Juan Samaja. A área de estudo correspondeu aos municípios das Regiões de Saúde do Triângulo e do Alto Solimões do Amazonas. A operacionalidade do modelo de governança da gestão foi baseada no matriciamento de elementos, que compreende as responsabilidades e competências das instituições estatais e não estatais. Essas foram distribuídas segundo as dimensões da reprodução social, a qual representa o lócus de atuação de cada uma delas, respeitando as suas respectivas missões. O dispositivo possui componentes de transversalidade e de intersetorialidade, que fortalecerão o processo de trabalho de forma compartilhada, com os vários sujeitos implicados atuando de forma solidária no âmbito do comitê de monitoração permanente das condições de vida e saúde do local.

Resumen Objetivo: desarrollar un método para la cobertura delta de portafolios de opciones europeas listadas con base en la teoría del cálculo conformable que mejora la precisión de las predicciones usando la aproximación de primer orden. Metodología: permitimos que la primera derivada en el modelo clásico de Black-Scholes-Merton tenga un orden fraccional 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 y calculamos la delta correspondiente de un portafolio como función de este parámetro conformable. Resultados: aplicando este método a un portafolio conformado de ocho opciones europeas listadas sobre el índice SPX, encontramos que la cobertura conformable genera predicciones más precisas, en promedio, que la cobertura tradicional. Limitaciones: este método es aplicable solamente a la cobertura delta (hedging) de opciones europeas. Originalidad: esta es la primera aplicación exitosa del cálculo conformable a la cobertura delta en opciones europeas. Conclusiones: la aplicación del cálculo conformable permite mayor flexibilidad en la aproximación local implícita en la cobertura delta de portafolios de acciones europeas y se ofrece como una metodología novel y de mayor precisión que la tradicional.

Abstract Objective: we aim to develop a method for delta hedging portfolios of European options based on the theory of conformable calculus which improves accuracy of risk management of listed options in a first-order approximation. Methodology: we allow the time derivative in the classic Black-Scholes-Merton model to have a fractional order 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 and calculate the corresponding delta of a portfolio of listed options as a function of this conformable parameter. Results: applying this method to a portfolio consisting of eight European options on the SPX index, we find that conformable delta hedging offers more accurate average predictions than classical delta hedging. Limitations: this method is applicable for delta hedging in European options only. Originality: this is the first successful application of conformable calculus to delta hedging in European options. Conclusions: application of Conformable Calculus allows for a greater flexibility in the local approximation to price in delta-hedging European options and offers a new and more precise methodology to this objective.

Abstract Introduction: The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), is one of the most economically important pests of mangoes in Mexico and the Neotropics. Objective: To analyze adult population patterns of A. obliqua and their relation to local and landscape factors. Methods: We selected 11 “Manila” mango orchards along the middle part of La Antigua River, which were characterized to determine their biophysical structure and landscape configuration considering their distance to six different land uses/land covers. Anastrepha obliqua population was estimated by collecting adult flies in colorless polyethylene plastic bottle traps baited with a protein for three weeks in June 2022. Results: A total of 1 869 adults of A. obliqua were trapped, of which 75 % were females and 25 % were males. Abundance varied from 68 to 490 adult flies per orchard, while capture frequency from 0.36 to 1.8 flies/trap/day. Abundance increased in highly shaded orchards, and capture frequency decreased in orchards with highly soil compaction. Abundance and the frequency of capture increased in orchards near isolated trees of Spondias spp. and decreased in orchards near sugarcane plantations. Shade management in mango orchards may be used as an effective strategy to promote biotic interactions to naturally regulate A. obliqua populations, meanwhile, soil compaction represents a limiting ecological condition, which might severely impact fruit fly larvae survival. Conclusions: Adult population of A. obliqua depends on several local and landscape factors because they indicate resource availability and ecological conditions. These findings could be considered for control strategies in the integrated management of this pest to promote protection and improve the fruit quality of mango crop.

Resumen Introducción: La mosca de las indias occidentales, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), es una de las plagas más importantes económicamente en el cultivo de mango de México y el neotrópico. Objetivo: Analizamos los patrones de la población adulta de A. obliqua y su relación con factores locales y del paisaje. Métodos: Un total de 11 huertos de mango “Manila” fueron caracterizados en estructura biofísica y configuración del paisaje. Los adultos de A. obliqua fueron capturados con trampas (botellas de polietileno cebadas con una proteína) durante tres semanas en junio de 2022. Resultados: Se capturaron 1 869 adultos de A. obliqua, de los cuales 75 % fueron hembras y 25 % machos. La abundancia varió de 68 a 490 moscas adultas por huerto, mientras que la frecuencia de captura de 0.36 a 1.8 moscas/trampa/día. La abundancia incrementó en huertos altamente sombreados y decreció en huertos con suelos compactos. La abundancia y frecuencia incrementaron en huertos cercanos a árboles de Spondias spp. y decreció en huertos cercanos a plantaciones de caña de azúcar. El manejo de la sombra puede ser utilizado como una estrategia efectiva para promover las interacciones que regulan naturalmente la población de A. obliqua, mientras que la compactación del suelo representa una condición ecológica limitante que podría impactar severamente en la supervivencia de larvas de moscas de la fruta. Conclusión: La población adulta de A. obliqua depende de varios factores locales y del paisaje que indican disponibilidad de recursos y condiciones ecológicas. Estos hallazgos podrían considerarse en las estrategias del manejo integrado de esta plaga para promover la protección y el mejoramiento de la calidad de frutos en el cultivo de mango.

Resumen El acceso equitativo y permanente a servicios públicos no siempre es una prioridad para la gestión local, en especial en territorios y poblaciones históricamente rezagadas. Esta contribución sostiene que en Copoya, localidad mayoritariamente ejidal de la Zona Metropolitana de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, el servicio estatal y comunitario por el suministro de agua potable no es eficiente. El problema se agudizó con el crecimiento urbano y la demanda por la tierra durante el siglo XX. A partir de entrevistas, recorridos de campo y notas de prensa, se destaca que la escasez del líquido lleva a sus residentes a buscar alternativas como la compra de pipas, pozos de traspatio y sistemas de agua no tratada que no resuelven el tema de fondo y que profundizan la pobreza y la desigualdad socioterritorial. Se concluye que la inexistencia de proyectos de inversión no permite una salida para el abastecimiento en el corto y mediano plazo.

Abstract Equitable and permanent access to public services is not always a priority for local management, especially in those territories and historically neglected populations. This contribution argues that in Copoya, a mostly ejido locality in the Metropolitan Zone of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, state and community service for drinking water supply is inefficient. The situation has worsened with urban growth and demand for land throughout the twentieth century. Interviews, field visits and press releases show that residents, due to the lack of water, look for alternatives such as purchasing pipes, backyard wells and untreated water systems. These alternatives do not solve the underlying issue and deepen their poverty and socio-territorial inequality. The article concludes that poor investment in projects does not allow a solution for the supply in the short and medium term.

Resumen Este aporte identifica las dinámicas socioambientales que las políticas de desarrollo han generado sobre los manglares comunitarios en tres momentos clave de la historia mexicana: la Constitución de 1917, la industrialización de la década de 1950 y las reformas neoliberales de 1985. Mediante ocho estudios de caso y 180 entrevistas semiestructuradas, se elaboró un insumo conceptual de tres escenarios (manglares comunitarios, turistificados y conservados) y quince categorías que sintetizan estas dinámicas. Los manglares atraviesan una crisis histórica que provocarían las políticas de desarrollo que no atienden si no que debilitarían a las instituciones locales y empobrecerían a los habitantes de las localidades. Los autores ofrecen recomendaciones para que la gestión del gobierno federal sea más efectiva a nivel ambiental y territorial.

Abstract This contribution identifies the socio-environmental dynamics that development policies have generated on community mangroves in three key moments of Mexican history: the 1917 Constitution, the industrialization of the 1950s, and the 1985 neoliberal reforms. Through eight case studies and 180 semi-structured interviews, a conceptual input shapes three scenarios (community, touristified and conserved mangroves) and fifteen categories that synthesize these dynamics. Mangroves are going through a continuous crisis that is arguably provoked by development policies that neglect local institutions and impoverish local inhabitants. This article offers alternatives that the federal government could take into consideration to manage these areas more effectively at the environmental and territorial levels.

RESUMO Este estudo buscou expor como as interações entre os atores de saúde da tríplice fronteira Brasil, Colômbia e Peru influenciam a oferta de atendimento a residentes fronteiriços daquela localidade. Como método, foi realizado um caso único, explicativo, integrado e qualitativo em município da tríplice fronteira Brasil, Colômbia e Peru. As fontes de evidências utilizadas foram: dados documentais, entrevistas e observações diretas. Para organização dos dados, análise, proposições teóricas e construção de explicações como estratégia analítica e técnica de análise foi utilizado o software MaxQDA12®. Os dados coletados evidenciaram que questões financeiras são o principal desafio para a oferta de atendimento de saúde ao residente fronteiriço. No entanto, o atendimento de saúde ofertado a esta população se baseia em valores éticos, como o igualitarismo; respeito à liberdade individual e a vida humana; solidariedade e altruísmo. Neste contexto, o atendimento de saúde de residentes fronteiriços, na região estudada, é reconhecido pelos gestores de saúde locais como um direito.

ABSTRACT This study sought to explain how interactions between health actors on the triple border of Brazil, Colombia and Peru influence the provision of care to border residents in that location. As a method, a single, explanatory, integrated, qualitative case was carried out in a municipality on the triple border of Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. The sources of evidence used were: documentary data, interviews, and direct observations. MaxQDA12® software was used to organize the data and for analysis, theoretical propositions, and construction of explanations as an analytical strategy and analysis technique. The data collected showed that financial issues are the main challenge in offering healthcare to border residents. However, the healthcare offered to this population is based on ethical values, such as egalitarianism; respect for individual freedom and human life; solidarity and altruism. In this context, healthcare for border residents in the studied region is recognized by local health managers as a right.

RESUMEN El director de la institución educativa debe tener conocimientos sólidos de todas las materias, a las que no escapa la gestión del desarrollo local. El objetivo de este artículo centra su atención en: argumentar los impactos en la preparación del director de las instituciones educativas del municipio Venezuela en la gestión del desarrollo local. Los impactos obtenidos expresaron la efectividad y pertinencia en las acciones de preparación realizada al elevar de forma significativa cuantitativa y cualitativamente los conocimientos, las habilidades y las actitudes para dirigir la institución educativa en la gestión del desarrollo local desde la perspectiva educativa.

ABSTRACT The director of the educational institution must have solid knowledge of all subjects, to which local development management does not escape. The objective of this article focuses its attention on: arguing the impacts on the preparation of the director of the educational institutions of the municipality of Venezuela in the management of local development. The impacts obtained expressed the effectiveness and relevance of the preparation actions carried out by raising significantly quantitatively and qualitatively the knowledge, skills and attitudes to lead the educational institution in the management of local development from the educational perspective.

Abstract (Objective). The floristic composition and populations of associated molluscs of commercial interest of the Chacarita mangrove forest on the Central Pacific of Costa Rica were evaluated to guide proposals for sustainable exploitation activities in the mangrove forest. (Methodology). Monthly visits to the study area were conducted for one year to establish a floristic baseline of mangrove trees and measure carbon storage. Additionally, bivalve molluscs were collected to analyze the state of their populations based on the abundances of organisms found, as well as other characteristics such as length and mass. Data regarding the mangrove trees included their diameter at breast height (DBH, cm), height (m), importance value index (IVI), and carbon reserves (Mg C·ha-1). Four mollusc species of commercial interest were analyzed, using data on their length (cm), weight (g), and gonodosomatic index. Economic evaluations were also conducted using data obtained from the mangrove forest, as well as tourism and historical fishing data for the collection of Chacarita. (Results). Five species of mangroves were identified: Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avice germinans, and Pelliciera rhizophorae, while P. rhizophorae had the highest importance value index. The study revealed a carbon storage equivalent to 78.49 Mg C·ha-1. A total of 357 organisms were counted, with Anadara similis accounting for 18% of the total count, followed by Anadara tuberculosa (37.5%), Leukoma spp. (41.46%), and Mytella guyanensis (3.08%). When considering the economic value of carbon stocks and the bivalve molluscs obtained from the samples, economic valuations of 9,812.63 USD·ha-1 and 28 USD·ha-1 were determined, respectively. (Conclusions). The low population densities of molluscs, particularly those belonging to the Anadara genus, necessitate the establishment of management measures to facilitate the recovery of these mollusk populations. This research proposes sustainable use activities such as community tourism for educational and cultural purposes.

Resumen (Objetivo). Se evaluó el manglar de Chacarita en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica, a través de la composición florística y las poblaciones de moluscos asociados de interés comercial, con el fin de proponer actividades de aprovechamiento sustentables en el manglar. (Metodología). Mensualmente y durante un año, se realizaron visitas al área de estudio, con el propósito de establecer una base florística de árboles de mangle y medir el almacenamiento de carbono en el lugar, además, de recolectar moluscos bivalvos para analizar el estado de las poblaciones, con base en las abundancias de organismos hallados y otras características como las longitudes y la masa de estos. En los mangles, se obtuvo el diámetro de la altura de pecho (DAP en cm), la altura (m), el índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y las reservas de carbono (Mg C·ha-1). En cuanto a los moluscos, se examinaron cuatro especies de interés comercial, evaluando la longitud (cm), la masa (g) y el índice gonadosomático. Finalmente, se realizaron valoraciones económicas de los datos obtenidos en el manglar, del turismo e información histórica de pesca para el acopio de Chacarita. (Resultados). Se hallaron cinco especies de mangles, Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans y Pelliciera rhizophorae; P. rhizophorae fue la de mayor índice de valor de importancia. Se obtuvo un almacenamiento de carbono equivalente a 78.49 Mg C·ha-1. Se contabilizaron 357 organismos, de los cuales el 18 % correspondió a Anadara similis, 37.5 % a Anadara tuberculosa, 41.46 % a Leukoma spp. y 3.08 % a Mytella guyanensis. Tomando en cuenta el valor económico de las reservas de carbono y los moluscos bivalvos presentes en los muestreos, se obtuvieron valoraciones económicas de 9812.63 USD·ha-1 y 28 USD·ha-1, respectivamente. (Conclusiones). Las bajas densidades poblacionales de moluscos, especialmente del género Anadara, hacen necesario establecer medidas de gestión que permitan recuperar las poblaciones de estos. La presente investigación propone actividades de aprovechamiento sustentables, como turismo comunitario con fines educativos y culturales.

Resumo (Objetivo). O mangue de Chacarita, no Pacífico Central da Costa Rica, foi avaliado por meio da composição florística e das populações de moluscos associados de interesse comercial, com o objetivo de propor atividades de uso sustentável no mangue. (Metodologia). Foram feitas visitas mensais à área de estudo durante um ano para estabelecer uma base florística de árvores do mangue e medir o armazenamento de carbono no local, bem como para coletar moluscos bivalves para analisar o status das populações, com base na abundância de organismos encontrados e em outras características, como comprimento e massa de tais organismos. Nos manguezais, foram obtidos o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP em cm), a altura (m), o índice de valor de importância (IVI) e as reservas de carbono (Mg C-ha-1). No que diz respeito aos moluscos, foram examinadas quatro espécies de interesse comercial., avaliando o comprimento (cm), a massa (g) e o índice gonadossomático. Por fim, foram feitas avaliações econômicas de dados de mangue, turismo e informações históricas de pesca para a coleção Chacarita. (Resultados). Foram encontradas cinco espécies de mangue, Rhizophora mangle, Rizophora racemosa, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans e Pelliciera rhizophorae; a P. rhizophorae apresentou o índice de valor de importância mais alto. Foi obtido um armazenamento de carbono equivalente a 78.49 Mg C-ha-1. Foram calculados um total de 357 organismos, dos quais 18% correspondeu a Anadara similis, 37.5% Anadara tuberculosa, 41.46% Leukoma spp. e 3.08% Mytella guyanensis. Levando em conta o valor econômico das reservas de carbono e dos moluscos bivalves presentes nas amostras, foram obtidas avaliações econômicas de US$ 9812.63 ha-1 e US$ 28 ha-1, respectivamente. (Conclusões). As baixas densidades populacionais de moluscos, especialmente do gênero Anadara tornam necessário o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo para permitir a recuperação dessas populações. Esta pesquisa propõe atividades de uso sustentável, como o turismo comunitário para fins educacionais e culturais.

Abstract This review article emphasizes the importance of specific evaluation and management for adenocarcinoma-type colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease prone to local recurrence and systemic metastasis. It highlights the need for a distinctive approach compared to colon cancer. Improved local staging, facilitated by the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as more precise and effective treatments, have achieved a significant reduction in the mortality rate in adults over 50 years of age over the last few decades. MRI plays a vital role in the evaluation before and after treatment, being essential for the multidisciplinary team to personalize the most appropriate treatment option, thus highlighting the central importance of the radiologist. In primary staging, MRI allows evaluating tumor height in the rectum, T and N categories, detecting prognostic elements such as extramural vascular invasion and mucinous differentiation, and evaluating the involvement of the sphincter apparatus and other local organs and structures. During restaging, MRI evaluation has demonstrated significant prognostic value and is effective in selecting patients for an active follow-up strategy (watch and wait).

Resumen Este artículo de revisión resalta la importancia de realizar una evaluación y manejo específicos para el cáncer de recto de tipo adenocarcinoma (CRC), una enfermedad que tiende a la recurrencia local y la metástasis sistémica. Se destaca la necesidad de un enfoque distintivo en comparación con el cáncer de colon. Una mejor estadificación local, facilitada por el uso de resonancia magnética (RM), así como tratamientos más precisos y eficaces, han logrado una disminución significativa en la tasa de mortalidad en adultos mayores de 50 años a lo largo de las últimas décadas. La RM desempeña un papel esencial en la evaluación antes y después del tratamiento, siendo fundamental para que el equipo multidisciplinario pueda personalizar la opción de tratamiento más adecuada, resaltando así la importancia central del radiólogo. En la etapificación primaria, la RM permite evaluar la altura tumoral en el recto, categoría T y N, detectar elementos pronósticos como invasión vascular extramural y diferenciación mucinosa, y evaluar el compromiso del aparato esfinteriano y de otros órganos y estructuras locales. Durante la reetapificación, la evaluación mediante RM ha demostrado gran valor pronóstico y ser eficaz en la selección de pacientes para estrategia de seguimiento activo (watch and wait).

Abstract Formalized mining constitutes a significant portion of Colombia's GDP and unfolds in two phases: exploration and exploitation. Both phases are highly attractive to foreign capital, yet such investment is far from being straightforward or simple. Objective: This study examines the challenges faced by foreign direct investment (FDI) in Colombian mining projects. Methodology: It is an exploratory qualitative study involving 11 key informants, each with a distinguished track record in mining organization management. Key findings: A complex panorama is observed for investors in mining projects given that the permits, licenses, and forms of operation are not clear; the financial part does not have clear capital entry and exit mechanisms, and the relationship with the communities surrounding the mining projects, in some cases, the capacity of investors. Conclusions: Despite the importance for the economy of the regions, FDI in Colombian mining projects encounters numerous obstacles, which limit its attractiveness. Regarding the governance of resources some difficulties are the economic-financial challenges and the considerations about social difficulties with the communities in the mining territories.

Resumo A mineração formalizada é responsável por uma porção significativa do PIB da Colômbia e é realizada em duas fases, exploração e explotação, ambas muito atraentes para o capital estrangeiro, mas esse investimento está longe de ser regularizado, formal e simples. Objetivo: Analisar as dificuldades e os desafios do investimento estrangeiro direto em projetos de mineração na Colômbia. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo exploratório com 11 informantes-chave, com experiência reconhecida na gestão de organizações de mineração. Principais resultados: Observa-se um panorama complexo para os investidores em projetos de mineração, uma vez que as autorizações, as licenças e as formas de operação não são claras, a parte financeira não tem mecanismos claros para a entrada e saída de capital, e a relação com as comunidades que cercam os projetos de mineração excede, em alguns casos, as capacidades dos investidores. Conclusões: Apesar de sua importância para a economia das regiões, o investimento estrangeiro direto na Colômbia para projetos de mineração enfrenta muitas dificuldades, o que limita sua atratividade, nas dimensões relacionadas à governança dos recursos, aos desafios econômico-financeiros da verba que entra e sai dos projetos, e às considerações sobre as dificuldades sociais com as comunidades nos territórios de mineração.

Resumen La minería formalizada ocupa un renglón significativo del PIB colombiano y se desarrolla en dos fases: la exploración y la explotación, ambas muy atractivas para capitales foráneos. Sin embargo, dicha inversión se encuentra lejos de ser algo protocolizado, formal y sencillo. Objetivo: Analizar las dificultades, los retos y los desafíos de la inversión extranjera directa (IED) en proyectos mineros en Colombia. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio con 11 informantes clave, con reconocida trayectoria en la gestión de organizaciones mineras. Resultados principales: Se observa un panorama complejo para los inversionistas en proyectos mineros dado que no están claros los permisos, licencias ni formas de funcionamiento; la parte financiera no dispone de mecanismos claros de entrada y salida de capitales, y el relacionamiento con las comunidades aledañas a los proyectos mineros rebasa, en algunos casos, las capacidades de los inversionistas. Conclusiones: A pesar de la importancia para la economía de las regiones, la IED en Colombia para proyectos mineros enfrenta muchas dificultades, que limitan su atractivo. En las dimensiones relativas a la gobernanza de los recursos están los retos económico-financieros del dinero que entra y sale de los proyectos y las consideraciones sobre dificultades que se presentan con las comunidades en los territorios mineros.

Abstract This work investigates the impact of archaeological collecting in the southwest of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, specifically in the municipalities of Tornquist, Saavedra, and Puan, located in the archaeological area of Ventania. The research analyzes how collectors and amateur researchers have influenced the creation and development of local museums, as well as the preservation of archaeological heritage from middle Holocene hunter-gatherer communities. The methodology included biographical studies, in-depth interviews with collectors and enthusiasts, surveys of museum exhibitions, and network analysis to understand the connections between actors and institutions. The results highlight the fundamental role of these local actors as custodians and disseminators of archaeological heritage, who, through their collections and knowledge, have significantly contributed to the preservation and dissemination of regional history, albeit outside the formal academic sphere. This study provides a critical perspective on the management, conservation, and research of local archaeological heritage.

Resumen Este trabajo investiga el impacto del coleccionismo arqueológico en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, específicamente en los municipios de Tornquist, Saavedra y Puan, ubicados en el área arqueológica de Ventania. La investigación analiza cómo los coleccionistas e investigadores aficionados han influido en la creación y desarrollo de museos locales, así como en la preservación del patrimonio arqueológico de comunidades cazadoras-recolectoras del Holoceno medio. La metodología incluyó estudios biográficos, entrevistas en profundidad con coleccionistas y aficionados, relevamiento de exposiciones museísticas y análisis de redes para entender las conexiones entre actores e instituciones. Los resultados destacan el papel fundamental de estos actores locales como custodios y difusores del patrimonio arqueológico, quienes, a través de sus colecciones y conocimientos, han contribuido significativamente a la preservación y divulgación de la historia regional, aunque fuera del ámbito académico formal. Este estudio aporta una perspectiva crítica sobre la gestión, conservación e investigación del patrimonio arqueológico local.

Abstract Preventive conservation focuses on avoiding or minimizing the deterioration of cultural assets through risk control. Conservation methods used in archaeological projects and collections in Paraguay were analyzed, focusing on storage and exhibition systems. Case studies were conducted in Santa Rosa de Lima (Misiones) and Asunción, along with a reorganization project of a museum collection. In the selection of materials, conservation criteria, compatibility, stability, and availability in the local market were considered. Similar patterns were identified that could be improved for future projects, such as the need to consider storage within the excavation framework and include budget for conservation with specialized personnel, thus facilitating the subsequent insertion of these collections in museums accessible to the community. For the museum collection, the aim is to progressively improve the storage system and the conditions of available spaces. The application of these strategies could have a positive impact on the management of archaeological materials, both in the field and in their final storage.

Resumen La conservación preventiva se basa en evitar o minimizar el deterioro de bienes culturales mediante el control de riesgos. Se analizaron los métodos de conservación utilizados en proyectos arqueológicos y colecciones en Paraguay, enfocándose en los sistemas de almacenaje y exhibición del material. Se estudiaron casos en Santa Rosa de Lima (Misiones) y Asunción, junto con un proyecto de reorganización de una colección museística. En la selección de materiales, se consideraron criterios de conservación, compatibilidad, estabilidad y disponibilidad en el mercado local. Se identificaron patrones similares mejorables para futuros proyectos, como la necesidad de contemplar el almacenaje dentro del marco de excavación e incluir presupuesto para conservación con personal especializado, facilitando así la posterior inserción de estas colecciones en museos accesibles a la comunidad. Para la colección museística, se busca mejorar progresivamente el sistema de almacenaje y las condiciones de los espacios disponibles. La aplicación de estas estrategias podría tener un impacto positivo en la gestión de materiales arqueológicos, tanto en campo como en su depósito definitivo.

INTRODUCTION: The Occupational Therapy Association of South Africa commissioned a task team to gather evidence that would inform the upcoming National Health Insurance policies on the role and practice of occupational therapists. This rapid review aimed to identify level 1 and 2 peer-reviewed published evidence that describes occupational therapists' practice and intervention in adult palliative care. METHOD: Systematic reviews and randomised control trials were searched for through the Stellenbosch University library. CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (EBSCO), the Cochrane Library (Wiley) and OTSeeker databases were used and hand searching of references in selected articles was done. Rayyan.ai was used forthe screening and selection of articles. The CASP appraisal tool was used for quality assessment of the selected articles. Data was captured in Excel and Word and analysed and synthesised in Excel and Taguette. RESULTS: 15 articles were identified for data extraction in this rapid review. The CASP quality appraisal showed a good rating. Occupational therapists working in palliative care were reported to address: Functionality, activity participation and quality of life, symptom management related to disease and the treatment thereof, environmental modification and adaption, assistive devices and equipment, education and caregiver support and education, lifestyle adaptation, return to work or higher education/training. CONCLUSION: South Africa has a unique palliative burden of care due to diseases that shorten life expectancy. Due to the unique and varied beliefs held by South Africans about illness and end of life, evidence from high income countries needs to be supplemented with local knowledge to frame the role and intervention of occupational therapists in palliative care. Evidence to support and define the role of occupational therapists claims this needs to be a matter of priority. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • Contextually relevant palliative care intervention needs to be included in the undergraduate curriculum for occupational therapists and once they go to community service, they need to be supported in this. • Development and upskilling of occupational therapy clinicians in contextually relevant palliative practice at all levels of care need to be an available and accessible continuous professional development (CPD) activity. • Occupational therapy clinicians working on the frontlines of palliative care need to be encouraged and supported to collect and present evidence for their practices in formats and at forums where it can be used to shape policies that affect palliative adult care locally and globally.