The species Oryza sativa (rice) and Musa cavendishii (banana) are sources of cellulose-rich waste biomass in the Amazon region, Tocantins State. This research investigates the nanoscale production of cellulose through the interactions between three choline amino acid ionic liquids Ch[AA]IL and the respective fibers by pretreatment. To this end, the synthesis of three ILs was carried out: choline arginate Ch[Arg], choline glycinate Ch[Gly] and choline lysinate Ch[Lys], characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The samples resulting from the pretreatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was possible to infer from the SEM micrographs that Ch[Arg] caused greater fiber breakage than the other ILs. The TEM analyses identified fibers up to 16 nm in diameter. Positive effects were observed in the diffractograms, although no crystallinity was obtained in the pretreated samples. Thermogravimetry curves showed that the fibers treated with Ch[Arg] showed higher thermal stability. rice (rice banana (banana celluloserich rich region State ChAAIL Ch AA IL end out ChArg, ChArg Arg , ChGly Gly Ch[Gly ChLys, ChLys Lys Ch[Lys] FTIR. FTIR . (FTIR) SEM, (SEM) TEM, (TEM) Xray X ray XRD (XRD TGA. TGA (TGA) Ch[Arg 1 diameter diffractograms stability Ch[Lys (FTIR (SEM (TEM (TGA

The composites of poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate) / poly (lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend and montmorillonites functionalized using imidazole-derived ionic liquids with different carbon chain sizes (butyl, octyl, and dodecyl) proved to be a promising alternative for improving the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer blend. Functionalization of montmorillonites by ionic liquids was confirmed by increasing the basal spacing, and spectroscopical and thermal analysis evidence. The composite synthesis was carried out by casting technique generating homogeneous polymeric films. X-ray diffraction analyses suggested that montmorillonite functionalization with the ionic liquid of the butyl carbon chain fostered exfoliation and incorporation of the clay into the polymer. Furthermore, an increase in the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material was observed. The other composites formed between the PBAT/PLA blend and the montmorillonite functionalized by ionic liquids of higher carbonic chain showed micro composites formation. Thus, their thermal and mechanical properties had no significant improvements. butylene coterephthalate co terephthalate co-terephthalate lactic acid PBATPLA PBAT PLA (PBAT/PLA imidazolederived imidazole derived butyl, (butyl octyl dodecyl spacing evidence films Xray X ray Furthermore observed formation Thus improvements

Abstract Introduction: Spills of flammable liquids can lead to serious accidents, mainly in industrial plants and on roads. To prevent the spread of spills, various forms of collection are used, such as absorption with porous solids. Agroindustrial waste can be used as sorbent materials for flammable liquids. Objective: To determine the sorption capacity of the residual empty-fruit bunch of oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis) and the macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) nutshell for four organic flammable liquids. Methods: The residual biomasses of E. guineensis and Acrocomia sp. were assessed as sorbents for spilled fuels (diesel, jet fuel, commercial kerosene, and gasoline). Volumetric measurement of liquid-fuel absorption at 24 ºC was taken during a week. Desorption was measured at 50 ºC as the drying kinetics, by using moisture scales. Results: The sorption capacity of the Acrocomia sp. material was not satisfactory, compared to the E. guineensis residual material, due to differences in the residual architecture of the organic material. This last can absorb 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 at 24 ºC, during a one-week period. Diatomite absorbs greater quantities of the organic liquids but, the fluids diffusion at 50 ºC is 0.26 ± 0.09 times more slowly in the mineral matrix, because of the greater pore tortuosity in this mineral matrix. Conclusions: The oil-palm empty fruit bunch of E. guineensis, showed lesser but adequate performance than the sorbing behavior for fire hazard mitigation of diatomite. The nutshell of macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) did not prove to be useful for this recovery operation.

Resumen Introducción: Los vertidos de líquidos inflamables pueden producir accidentes graves, principalmente en plantas industriales y en carretera. Para prevenir la dispersión de derrames, se utilizan diversas formas de recolecta, como la absorción con sólidos porosos. Residuos agroindustriales pueden ser aprovechados como materiales sorbentes de líquidos inflamables. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de absorción de las biomasas residuales del pedúnculo de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) y del endocarpio del fruto de coyol (Acrocomia sp.) para cuatro líquidos orgánicos inflamables. Métodos: Las biomasas residuales de E. guineensis y de Acrocomia sp. se evaluaron como sorbentes para combustibles derramados (diésel, queroseno de aviación, queroseno comercial y gasolina). Se midió la cantidad de líquido absorbida por las biomasas a 24 ºC durante una semana, y su cinética de desorción a 50 ºC, usando balanzas de secado. Resultados: La propiedad sorbente del material de Acrocomia sp. no fue satisfactoria, comparada con el pedúnculo de E. guineensis, debido a diferencias en arquitectura residual del material orgánico. Esta última biomasa muestra una capacidad de absorción para los combustibles de 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 a 24 ºC. La diatomita absorbe mayor cantidad de los combustibles estudiados, pero la difusión de estos fluidos a 50 ºC por la matriz mineral es solo 0.26 ± 0.09 veces lo observado para el material de E. guineensis, como resultado del mayor grado de tortuosidad de los poros de la diatomita. Conclusiones: El pedúnculo de palma aceitera (E. guineensis) mostró un adecuado potencial desempeño para la aplicación pasiva en la mitigación de los riesgos de incendio, con respecto a la diatomita. El endocarpio del fruto de Acrocomia sp. no resultó útil para esta operación de recuperación.

RESUMEN La deposición de asfaltenos es un problema que se presenta en las operaciones petroleras afectando a la mayoría de los petróleos, usándose productos inhibidores/dispersantes para su solución. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura científica para analizar productos alternativos evaluados entre 2014-2023, y las características de las investigaciones publicadas. Se utilizó Google Académico y criterios de inclusión y exclusión según la declaración PRISMA, ubicándose en total 24 artículos. Venezuela destaca con la mayor producción de investigaciones, los productos sintéticos fueron más utilizados (líquidos iónicos, resinas y nanopartículas metálicas) y entre los naturales los aceites vegetales. Los métodos de ensayo principales fueron microscopía óptica y absorbancia, los análisis se basaron principalmente en descripción/comparación y se visualizaron 4 aceites vegetales y 5 productos sintéticos con eficiencias mayores a 75 %. Se resalta la necesidad de investigación con productos naturales por ser de más fácil obtención, menos costosos y amigables con el ambiente.

ABSTRACT Asphaltene deposition is a problem that occurs in oil operations, affecting most types of crude oil. Inhibitor/dispersant products are used to address this issue. A systematic review of scientific literature was conducted to analyze alternative products evaluated between 2014 and 2023, as well as the characteristics of the published research. Google Scholar was used along with inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PRISMA statement, resulting in a total of 24 articles. Venezuela stands out with the highest production of research. Synthetic products were more commonly used (ionic liquids, resins, and metallic nanoparticles), and among natural products, vegetable oils were prominent. The main testing methods were optical microscopy and absorbance. The analyses were primarily based on description/comparison, and four vegetable oils and five synthetic products were found to have efficiencies greater than 75%. The need for research with natural products is highlighted, as they are more easily obtainable, less expensive, and environmentally friendly.

The industry's principal objective is to comprehend the optimal application of each metal alloy in terms of corrosion resistance. A key focus lies in exploring alternative approaches to address this corrosive process in a manner that is both sustainable and economically feasible. The major strategy to mitigate this contest involves the utilization of inhibitors. However, it is imperative to note that certain inhibitors pose environmental risks. This study explores the effect of the addition of protic ionic liquids (PILs) on the corrosion of carbon steel (A36) in a saline solution (3.5 wt% NaCl), considering variations in pH and temperature. It focuses on understanding the effects of pH and temperature on the PILs' ability to protect the steel surface. Notably, changes in pH do not affect the protective capacity of the inhibitors. Efficiency values exceeding 72% were achieved under both acidic conditions tested. The study reveals two scenarios: At 40 °C, the PILs effectively protect the steel, with an efficiency of approximately 74% at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm. However, at 60 °C, efficiency decreases notably, reaching a maximum of 51% at a concentration of 500 ppm. Afterward, to evaluate the protective effectiveness of these compounds, gravimetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) serve as the main methods, accompanied by optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for evaluating the surface. In electrochemical tests, PILs 1 and 2 exhibit superior efficiency, with film formation, while PILs 3 to 6 demonstrate comparatively lower values. industrys industry s resistance feasible However risks (PILs A36 (A36 3.5 35 5 (3. wt NaCl, NaCl , NaCl) surface Notably 72 tested scenarios 4 C °C 74 50 100 ppm notably 51 Afterward compounds EIS (EIS methods AFM (AFM tests formation A3 (A3 3. (3 7 10 (A (

In this work, electrochemical tests were performed to measure hydrogen permeation during free dissolution of carbon steel in the presence of the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [(EMIM)+(Ac)-], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [(EMIM)+(Br)-], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [(BMIM)+(BF4)-] in 5.4 mol L-1 HCl aqueous solution. The permeation inhibition efficiencies (IEp (%)) of 5-hydroxy-2-nitromethylene-hexahydropyrimidine (HPY) and a commercial corrosion inhibitor (CCI) were also evaluated. Among the ILs, the (BMIM)+(BF4)- compound presented the highest corrosion and hydrogen permeation inhibition efficiencies, with values of 23% and 30%, respectively. The (EMIM)+(Br)- and (EMIM)+(Ac)- compounds were not effective against corrosion, but they presented IEp of 15.8% and 23%, respectively. The HPY compound demonstrated 61% effectiveness in preventing corrosion, while in silico evaluation indicated no toxicity. However, neither the HPY compound nor the CCI compound inhibited the entry of hydrogen into the carbon steel during the pickling process. work ILs (ILs 1ethyl3methylimidazolium ethylmethylimidazolium 1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium EMIM+Ac, EMIMAc EMIM + Ac , [(EMIM)+(Ac)-] EMIM+Br, EMIMBr Br [(EMIM)+(Br)-] 1butyl3methylimidazolium butylmethylimidazolium butyl BMIM+BF4 BMIMBF4 BMIMBF BMIM BF4 BF [(BMIM)+(BF4)- 54 5 4 5. L1 L L- solution % (%) 5hydroxy2nitromethylenehexahydropyrimidine hydroxynitromethylenehexahydropyrimidine hydroxy 2 nitromethylene hexahydropyrimidine (HPY (CCI evaluated (BMIM)+(BF4) 23 30 30% respectively EMIM+Br (EMIM)+(Br) EMIM+Ac (EMIM)+(Ac) 158 15 8 15.8 61 toxicity However process [(EMIM)+(Ac)- [(EMIM)+(Br)- BMIM+BF [(BMIM)+(BF4) (% nitromethylenehexahydropyrimidine (BMIM)+(BF4 (EMIM)+(Br (EMIM)+(Ac 15. 6 [(EMIM)+(Ac) [(EMIM)+(Br) [(BMIM)+(BF4 ( (BMIM)+(BF [(EMIM)+(Ac [(EMIM)+(Br [(BMIM)+(BF

Abstract Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings used for moisture protection of surfaces have been used broadly. They have been considered environmentally friendly because their synthesis releases less or no volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. With the Covid-19 pandemic concerns, cleaning protocols of these surfaces have been applied and scientific knowledge about the effects of these liquids on WPU surfaces is necessary. In this work, diffusion experiments were performed using four liquids, in pure WPU and WPU filled with graphene oxide (GO). Detergent had the most severe effect on polyurethane films, causing severe cracks and weight loss. Diffusion parameters of HCl 5% and HCl 10% were greater in WPU/GO nanocomposites than in pure WPU. Mechanical tests under chemical aging showed that alcohol reduced most the tensile strength and Young modulus. Overall, GO protected the films for all liquid exposures, increasing their tensile strength and Young modulus. (WPU broadly VOCs (VOCs atmosphere Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 concerns necessary work GO. . (GO) loss 5 10 WPUGO modulus Overall exposures Covid1 1 Covid- (GO

Surface tension (SFT) can shape the behavior of liquids in industrial chemical processes, influencing variables such as flow rate and separation efficiency. This property is commonly measured with experimental approaches such as Du Noüy ring and Wilhelmy plate methods. Here, we present machine learning (ML) methodologies that can predict the SFT of hydrocarbons. A comparative analysis encompassing k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting) methods was done. Results from our study reveal that XGBoost is the most accurate in predicting hydrocarbon SFT, with a mean squared error (MSE) of 4.65 mN2 m-2 and a coefficient of determination (R2) score of 0.89. The feature importance was evaluated with the permutation feature importance method and Shapley analysis. Enthalpy of vaporization, density, molecular weight and hydrogen content are key factors in accurately predicting SFT. The successful integration of these methodologies holds the potential to impact efficiency in different industry processes. (SFT processes Here ML (ML hydrocarbons knearest k nearest neighbors forest extreme boosting done MSE (MSE 465 4 65 4.6 mN m2 m 2 m- R2 R (R2 089 0 89 0.89 vaporization density 46 6 4. (R 08 8 0.8 0.

RESUMO A fabricação e o envase de vacinas tornaram-se primordiais no cenário mundial em função do ressurgimento da pandemia da COVID-19 desde 2020. O processo de obtenção da vacina vai desde estudos laboratoriais até o seu armazenamento em tanques reservatórios de produto. Para tanto, a vacina passa por bombas de envase e mangueiras sanitárias, até o envase efetivo nos frascos e ampolas por meio de agulhas de envase. No entanto, as mesmas são desenvolvidas em aço inoxidável 316L, que quando exposto a líquidos estagnados ou em movimento podem corroer e contaminar o fármaco. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar se existe contaminação química das agulhas fornecidas pela Empresa Teksul Soluções em Envase. Para tanto, 21 agulhas de envase foram imersas em excipientes, com propriedades físico-químicas que se equivalem à vacina, durante 0, 35, 63 e 94 dias. Os excipientes foram avaliados quanto ao pH e por absorção atômica, enquanto as agulhas foram avaliadas por análise de perda e ganho de massa, análises microscópicas obtidas ao MEV (Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura) e testes eletroquímicos de corrosão. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do tempo de imersão das agulhas de envase favoreceu a formação de uma camada passiva com propriedades de resistência à corrosão. tornaramse tornaram COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 2020 produto tanto sanitárias entanto 316L L fármaco contexto Envase 2 físicoquímicas físico químicas 0 35 6 9 dias atômica massa Microscópio Varredura corrosão COVID1 1 COVID- 202 3 20

ABSTRACT The manufacturing and packaging of vaccines have become essential on the global stage due to the resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020. The process of obtaining the vaccine ranges from laboratory studies to its storage in product reservoir tanks. To do so, the vaccine passes through filling pumps and sanitary hoses, until it is effectively filled into vials and ampoules using filling needles. However, they are developed in 316L stainless steel, which when exposed to stagnant or moving liquids can corrode and contaminate the drug. In this context, this work aims to evaluate whether there is chemical contamination of the needles supplied by the company Teksul Soluções em Envase. To this end, 21 filling needles were immersed in excipients, with physicochemical properties that are equivalent to the vaccine, for 0, 35, 63 and 94 days. The excipients were evaluated for pH and atomic absorption, while the needles were evaluated by mass loss and gain analysis, microscopic analyzes obtained using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and electrochemical corrosion tests. The results showed that increasing the immersion time of the filling needles favored the formation of a passive layer with corrosion resistance properties. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 2020 tanks so hoses However L steel drug context Envase end 2 0 35 6 9 days absorption analysis Scanning Microscope tests COVID1 1 COVID- 202 3 20

RESUMEN Jules Lefort (1816-1889) fue un farmacéutico y químico francés que se dedicó a la toxicología y ensayos forenses, especialmente de la morfina y el fósforo. Reportó la coloración generada por diversos reactivos con la morfina, narcotina, brucine y estricnina, así como los efectos químicos y toxicológicos producidos por la morfina durante su pasaje por la economía animal. La morfina resistía sin alteración la putrefacción más activa y extensa del material animal. Las sales del sesquióxido de fierro eran el mejor reactivo para asegurar la presencia de morfina en polvo o en soluciones concentradas. El ácido yódico con amoníaco era capaz de detectar morfina en un líquido conteniendo 1/10.000 partes de alcaloide, y la morfina, consumida en forma continua y en dosis variable, aparecía en la orina y no en el sudor. Demostró que el HCl gaseoso era el mejor reactivo para detectar la presencia de digitalina en un líquido incoloro y que este compuesto podía ser separado en forma nítida por diálisis. Leroy reportó las diferencias entre la ipecacuanha proveniente de Brasil y la de Nueva Granada; esta última contenía 23% menos de emetina. También desarrolló un proceso muy eficiente para separar este principio. Leroy encontró que el olor desprendido por los cuerpos en putrefacción, así como su débil fosforescencia, se debían a un derivado sulfurado y a una combinación de fósforo e hidrógeno. También determinó la cantidad de atropina presente en las hojas y las raíces de la belladona y propuso un método eficiente para su extracción.

ABSTRACT Jules Lefort (1816-1889) was a French pharmacist and chemist who did extensive research on toxicology and forensic tests, particularly for morphine and phosphorus. He studied the coloration produced by different reagents with morphine, narcotine, brucine, and strychnine, and the chemical and toxicological effects produced by morphine during its passage through the animal economy. Morphine resisted without alteration the most active and extended putrefaction of animal matter. Salts of iron sesquioxide were the best reagent for assuring the presence of morphine in powder or concentrated solution; iodic acid with ammonia could detect morphine in a liquid containing 1/10,000 part of the alkaloid, and morphine ingested in a continuous manner and in variable doses, would appear in the urine but not in the sweat. He proved that HCl gaseous was the best reagent for detecting the presence of digitaline in colorless liquids and that this compound could be neatly separated by dialysis. Leroy reported the differences between the ipecacuanhas originating from Brasil and from New Granada; the latter contained 23% less emetine. He also developed a very efficient procedure for the separation of this principle. Leroy found that the odor released by putrefying bodies, as well as their slight emission of light, were caused by a sulfur derivative and a combination of hydrogen and phosphorus. He also determined the amount of atropine present in the leaves and roots of belladonna and proposed an efficient method for its extraction.

BACKGROUND: Oral feeding practices of young patients on high-flow oxygen (HFO2) have been controversial. Limited literature exists on this topic, but new studies suggest introducing oral feeds OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the changes in swallowing and feeding of a group of young children on HFO2 METHOD: Twelve participants (mean age 34.17 months [s.d. = 3.97]) on HFO2 were assessed clinically at the bedside using the Schedule of Oral Motor Assessment. Assessments were conducted twice to determine the change in characteristics: upon approval from the managing doctor when respiratory stability on HFO2 was achieved and for a second time on the last day of receiving HFO2 (mean 2.6 days apart). Patients received standard in-patient care and speech therapy intervention RESULTS: Most participants displayed typical oral motor function at initial and final assessments for liquid, puree and semi-solid consistencies. Purees and soft solid consistencies were introduced to most participants (n = 11, 91.7%). Solids and chewables were challenging for all participants during both assessments. Half of the participants displayed gagging and a wet vocal quality with thin liquids at the initial assessment only CONCLUSION: This small-scale study found that HFO2 should not preclude oral diets, but in this sample, small amounts of oral feeding could be introduced with caution, in an individualised manner, and with a collaborative multidisciplinary approach. Further research is essential CONTRIBUTION: Partial oral feeding of specific consistencies was possible during the assessment of young paediatric in-patients on HFO2. Monitoring of individual patient characteristics and risk factors by a specialist feeding team is essential

Resumo Em A céu aberto, de João Gilberto Noll (1996), a operação do excesso, bem como sua estreita ligação com o homoerotismo, estabelece um jogo simbólico que concentra, na intimidade erótica do texto, o protagonista que se fratura em vários outros, de modo a romper com a quietude do corpo. Dessa forma, tem-se um personagem que, na constância do excesso sexual, autoriza aquilo que está embaixo, jogado no chão — os excrementos, os líquidos viscosos que jorram do corpo, dentre outros —, a ocupar um lugar de centralidade no enredo. aberto 1996, 1996 , (1996) homoerotismo concentra texto corpo forma temse tem sexual embaixo excrementos enredo 199 (1996 19 (199 1 (19 (1 (

Abstract In A Céu Aberto, by João Gilberto Noll (1996), the operation of excess, as well as its close connection with homoeroticism, establishes a symbolic game that concentrates, within the erotic intimacy of the text, a character that fractures into several others, in order to break with the stillness of the body. In this way, we have a narrator who, in the constant excessiveness of sex, authorizes what is underneath, cast on the ground — the excrement, the viscous liquids that flow from the body, among others — to occupy a central place in the plot. Aberto 1996, 1996 , (1996) excess homoeroticism concentrates text body way who sex underneath excrement plot 199 (1996 19 (199 1 (19 (1 (

Resumen En A Céu Aberto, de João Gilberto Noll (1996), la operación del exceso, así como su estrecha conexión con el homoerotismo, establece un juego simbólico que concentra, en la intimidad erótica del texto, un personaje que se fractura en varios otros, de modo a romper con la quietud del cuerpo. De esta manera, tenemos un narrador que, en la constante desmesura del sexo, permite que lo que hay debajo, tirado al suelo — los excrementos, los líquidos viscosos que brotan del cuerpo, entre otros — ocupe un lugar central en la trama. Aberto 1996, 1996 , (1996) exceso homoerotismo concentra texto cuerpo manera sexo debajo excrementos trama 199 (1996 19 (199 1 (19 (1 (

Abstract This article presents the development of a liquid-level sensor using fiber optic Bragg gratings (FBG). The sensor comprises a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) diaphragm packaging an embedded FBG to measure strain. A mathematical analysis determines the FBG response to the pressure exerted by a liquid column over the packaged sensor. The experimental arrangement consists of an acrylic tube with a sensor at the bottom. FBG signals were acquired using a DI 410 optical interrogator manufactured by HBM. A finite element simulation with Ansys was performed to determine the most reposeful position from the FBG sensor. The experimental results show the analysis of eight repetitions of the water column ranging from 10 cm to 60 cm using 10 cm steps. The sensor showed a linear response, with a coefficient of determination of 0.999, and a sensitivity of 4.1 pm/cm; and the maximum standard deviation is 0.64 pm. Although water is used in the calibration process, other liquids could also be used, obtaining a different angular coefficient depending on the density of the liquid used. liquidlevel level FBG. . (FBG) carbonfiberreinforced carbon reinforced CFRP (CFRP strain bottom 41 HBM 1 6 steps 0999 0 999 0.999 4 4. pm/cm pmcm pm 064 64 0.6 process (FBG 099 99 0.99 06 0. 09 9 0.9

Abstract The processes of separating pollutant particles in liquids and gases are crucial processes in many industries. There are different approaches to modeling these processes, including 2D and 3D models. Some disadvantages of these models range from not accurately fitting the real complexity of the problem, and other models that improve this can be very computationally complex. The proposal of this work is a computational model based on a multi-layered filtering medium constructed using Voronoi-Laguerre diagrams to represent non-woven fibrous materials. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the filter efficiency under different process conditions and with statistical analysis. The results are consistent with the general theory of filtration and allowed the captured particles to be located in pores or fibers, enabling visualization of the 3D structure of the filtering medium. Moreover, this model has the potential to estimate the topological properties of the filtering medium, such as tortuosity and connectivity. Future work is required to improve the computational time for generating the models.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sepsis is an inflammatory response of the body to an infection. Currently it continues as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early fluid administration is a fundamental strategy in the management of sepsis. However, the amount and type of fluids administered in patients with sepsis is still a matter of debate. Objective: To evaluate the results of randomized clinical trials for a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of fluid restriction in patients with sepsis. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in different databases to carry out a critical evaluation of the included articles, the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools and data analysis were used. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled trials were included, which compared fluid restriction versus fluid administration in adult patients with sepsis. Conclusions: We found that fluid restriction was associated with a reduction in mortality and a lower number of days of respiratory and cardiovascular support in patients with sepsis. However, some studies found no significant difference in mortality between fluid restriction and fluid administration.

RESUMEN Introducción: La sepsis es una respuesta inflamatoria del cuerpo a una infección. En la actualidad continúa como una causa importante de morbimortalidad en todo el mundo. La administración temprana de líquidos es una estrategia fundamental en el manejo de la sepsis. Sin embargo, la cantidad y el tipo de líquidos administrados en pacientes con sepsis es aún objeto de debate. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de ensayos clínicos aleatorios para una comprensión más profunda de la efectividad de la restricción de líquidos en pacientes con sepsis. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en diferentes bases de datos para realizar una evaluación crítica acerca de los artículos incluidos, se utilizaron las herramientas de evaluación de riesgo de sesgo cochrane y análisis de datos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 ensayos clínicos aleatorios controlados que compararon la restricción de líquidos versus la administración de líquidos en pacientes adultos con sepsis. Conclusiones: Se encontró que la restricción de líquidos se asoció con una reducción en la mortalidad y un menor número de días de soporte respiratorio y cardiovascular en pacientes con sepsis. Sin embargo, algunos estudios no encontraron diferencias significativas en la mortalidad entre la restricción de líquidos y la administración de líquidos.