ABSTRACT Sandy beaches have different shoreline change rates (i.e., erosion/accretion rates). An erosive process on beaches poses risks for human-occupied areas. One example is Matinhos Beach (state of Paraná - Brazil), which has an average annual erosion rate of around 1.5 m yr-1 This study applied a methodology that combines in situ measurements and numerical modeling to simulate the physical processes in the coastal area of Matinhos during the 2018 Austral winter. Monthly DGPS surveys were carried out in the study area from June to September. The MOHID modeling system was applied to simulate hydrodynamics and sediment transport, considering waves and tidal forcing validated with in situ data. The WAVEWATCH III and SWAN models were applied in a nesting approach to simulate the waves at Matinhos Beach. The GFS was used to assess the wind conditions. The study period showed a dynamic evolution of accretion and erosion between monthly measurements with no clear pattern in most profiles. Significant sand accumulation was observed near the headland. Morphological changes were minor due to the predominance of low energy without significant storm events. The measured morphological changes are in line with the residual littoral drift obtained from the modeling results for the period. The residual current velocities were towards the southwest, with magnitudes ranging from 0.15 m s-1 to 0.2 m s-1. A slight variation in the angle of wave incidence (10°) may change the direction (southwest or northeast) and intensity of the littoral drift. The applied methodology can reduce uncertainty and support effective coastal management. However, the seasonal scales of wave climate cannot be disregarded, nor can the need for coastal oceanographic data. i.e., ie i e (i.e. erosionaccretion rates. . rates) humanoccupied human occupied areas state Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) 15 1 5 1. yr1 yr yr- 201 winter September transport data conditions profiles headland events southwest 015 0 0.1 s1 s s- 02 2 0. s1. 10° 10 (10° northeast management However disregarded i.e. (i.e 20 01 (10 i.e (1 (

Abstract A new species of Brachychalcinus is described from the rio Mapaoni, rio Jari basin, and the coastal rio Araguari, Amapá and Pará states, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, except B. reisi, by possessing conspicuous longitudinal dark stripes across the body. It can be diagnosed from B. reisi by having longer predorsal and preanal spines, by having scales with few curved radii, and by having more scale rows between lateral line and midventral scale series. A single specimen from rio Tapajós (Pará, Brazil) bears all the diagnostic features of the new species and is herein tentatively identified as belonging to this taxon, extending its distribution to this river basin. Mapaoni basin Araguari states Brazil congeners B body spines radii series Pará, (Pará taxon

Resumo Uma nova espécie de Brachychalcinus é descrita dos rios Mapaoni, bacia do rio Jari, e do rio costeiro Araguari, estados do Amapá e Pará, Brasil. A nova espécie se distingue de todas as congêneres, exceto B. reisi, por possuir conspícuas faixas escuras longitudinais ao longo do corpo. Ela pode ser distinguida de B. reisi por ter espinhos pré-dorsal e pré-anal mais longos, por ter escamas com poucos radii curvos, e por ter um número maior de séries de escamas entre a linha lateral e a série de escamas médio-ventral. Um único exemplar do rio Tapajós (Pará, Brasil) apresenta todas as características diagnósticas da nova espécie e é aqui tentativamente identificada como este táxon, ampliando sua distribuição para esta bacia. Mapaoni Jari Araguari Pará Brasil congêneres B corpo prédorsal pré dorsal préanal anal longos curvos médioventral. médioventral médio ventral. ventral médio-ventral (Pará táxon

ABSTRACT We present the first report of plastic biomedia contamination on Brazilian beaches based on evidence collected from 14 beaches of the Paraná state coastline (southern Brazil). Plastic biomedia, also called biocarriers, are small, perforated plastic pieces used worldwide in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that apply the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process. Accidental release of these particles into the environment adds to Ocean’s long-term plastic pollution problem. A high amount of plastic biomedia presence in the coastal areas of Paraná was first noticed by a community member, who found 411 plastic particles on a beach located in Pontal do Paraná, bringing this issue to our attention. In this study, plastic biomedia was retrieved from drift line alongshore transects (0.3 to 1 km long) and cross-shore transects (5 m wide) from the water line to the backshore zone. A total of 749 items were collected from 11 of the 14 sampled beaches, including the Mel and Superagui Islands nature reserves. The decreasing trend in plastic biomedia abundance with the increase in distance of the PEC southern outlet suggests that these particles probably originate from a WWTP in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC). Once in the water, these floating plastic particles that followed the suspended sediment transport pattern were exported to coastal waters and were transported by longshore currents. Highlighting the potential role of the PEC as a substantial vector for marine debris to the Paraná coastline. The most likely source of this novel plastic contaminant to the Brazilian coastline are WWTP with MBBR systems. Therefore, stakeholders need to discuss and establish a reporting system so that plastic biomedia spillovers or losses are reported, and its dispersal in the environment is reduced. Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) biocarriers small (WWTP (MBBR process Oceans Ocean s longterm long term problem member 41 attention study 0.3 03 0 3 (0. crossshore cross shore 5 ( wide zone 74 reserves PEC. (PEC) currents systems Therefore reported reduced 4 0. (0 7 (PEC

Abstract: In the scope of national tourism, the segment of “Sun and Beach Tourism” stands out in the motivations of leisure travel in Brazil. Similarly, beaches influence the choice of destinations by people with disabilities. Given this relevance, this article reflects whether the right to leisure and tourism are guaranteed to these people or are exclusionary practices that privilege certain social groups. To this end, we sought to investigate the perceptions and experiences of people with disabilities in relation to accessibility in tourism in coastal destinations. The methodological framework involved bibliographic, documentary and field research, with the application of an online questionnaire. The results generated allow to outline the profile, habits, perceptions and experiences of these visitors; indicate the nec essary improvements to the enjoyment of the tourist practice; and they also seem to demonstrate that the challenge to promote social inclusion through tourism is related to the incorporation of all dimensions of the accessibility commitment. Thus, if the “Sun and Beach Tourism” cannot be considered totally excluding, on the other hand it is not possible to effectively guarantee that “there will be a beach”, it is necessary to advance in the aspects of autonomy, safety and convenience. Abstract Sun Tourism Brazil Similarly relevance groups end bibliographic research questionnaire profile habits visitors practice commitment Thus excluding there beach, beach , beach” autonomy convenience

Resumen: En el ámbito del turismo nacional, el segmento “Turismo de Sol y Playa” se destaca en las motivaciones de los viajes de ocio en Brasil. Del mismo modo, las playas influyen en la elección de destinos por parte de las personas con discapacidad. Dada esta relevancia, este artículo refleja si el derecho al ocio y al turismo están garantizados a estas personas o son prácticas excluyentes que privilegian a determinados grupos sociales. Con este fin, buscamos investigar las percepciones y experiencias de las personas con discapacidad en materia de accesibilidad en el turismo en destinos costeros. El marco metodológico incluyó investigación bibliográfica, documental y de campo, con la aplicación de un cuestionario en línea. Los resultados generados permiten perfilar el perfil, hábitos, percepciones y experiencias de estos visitantes; señalan las mejoras que son necesarias para el disfrute de la práctica turística; y también parecen de mostrar que el reto de promover la inclusión social a través del turismo se relaciona con la incorporación de todas las dimensiones del compromiso de accesibilidad. Por lo tanto, si el “Turismo de Sol y Playa” no puede considerarse totalmente excluyendo, por otro lado, no se puede garantizar de manera efectiva que “habrá playa”, es necesario avanzar en los aspectos de autonomía, seguridad y conveniencia. Resumen nacional Turismo Playa Brasil modo relevancia sociales fin costeros bibliográfica campo línea perfil hábitos visitantes turística tanto excluyendo lado habrá playa, playa , playa” autonomía conveniencia

Resumo: No escopo do turismo nacional, o segmento de “Turismo de Sol e Praia” se destaca nas motivações das viagens a lazer no Brasil. Similarmente, as praias influenciam a escolha dos destinos por parte de pessoas com deficiência. Dada essa relevância, o presente artigo reflete se o direito ao lazer e ao turismo são assegurados a essas pessoas ou são práticas excludentes que privilegiam determinados grupos sociais. Para tanto, buscou-se investigar as percepções e experiências de pessoas com deficiência, com relação à acessibilidade no turismo em destinos costeiros. O arcabouço metodológico envolveu pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo, com a aplicação de um questionário on-line. Os resultados gerados permitem delinear o perfil, os hábitos, as percepções e as experiências desses visitantes; sinalizam as melhorias que se fazem necessárias para a fruição da prática turística; e parecem demonstrar, ainda, que o desafio para se promover a inclusão social por meio do turismo, está relacionado à incorporação de todas as dimensões do compromisso de acessibilidade. Dessa forma, se o “Turismo de Sol e Praia” não pode ser considerado totalmente excludente, por outro lado não é possível garantir efetivamente que “vai dar praia”, é preciso avançar nos aspectos de autonomia, segurança e comodidade. Resumo nacional Turismo Praia Brasil Similarmente deficiência relevância sociais tanto buscouse buscou costeiros bibliográfica campo online. online on line. line on-line perfil hábitos visitantes turística demonstrar ainda forma excludente vai praia, praia , praia” autonomia comodidade

Abstract: Individuals of Laridae family play an important role in functional ecology of marine and coastal environments, and have been described as bioindicators of ichthyofauna, however, knowledge about these birds in southwestern Gulf of Mexico is limited. The objective of the present study was to study Laridae family assemblages and migratory patterns along Barra Norte beach coastline, Veracruz State, southwestern Gulf of Mexico. During 2014-2015 winter migratory season, three monthly samplings were conducted along 1 km x 600 m line transects. The assemblages were approached through diversity indices (Pielou's equity, Simpson's dominance and true diversity) and dominant species (characterized by a percentage similarity analysis). Migration was studied with a partial canonical correspondence analysis. A total of 3,314 organisms grouped into 14 species were recorded. Equity was highest in April and dominance in February. The dominant species were Leucophaeus atricilla, Thalasseus maximus, T. acuflavidus and Hydroprogne caspia. Three migratory patterns were found and coincide with the rainy, northerly and dry seasons. Each pattern contains particular species assemblages. The first pattern occurs from August to October 2014 (Sterna hirundo, T. acuflavidus and Chlidonias niger), the second from November 2014 to February 2015 (Larus delawarensis, L. californicus, L. argentatus smithsonianus, L. atricilla, H. caspia and Rissa trydactila) and the last one covers April and May 2015 (Rynchops niger, Sternula antillarum and L. pipixcan). Results establish that larids community assemblage is composed of a multiple migratory pattern.

Resumen: Los representantes de la familia Laridae tienen un rol importante en la ecología funcional de los ambientes marinos y costeros, por lo que han sido descritos como bioindicadores de la ictiofauna, sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre estas aves en el suroeste del golfo de México es limitado. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estudiar los ensambles y patrones migratorios de la familia Laridae en la línea costera de la playa Barra Norte, Estado de Veracruz, suroeste del golfo de México. Durante la temporada migratoria invernal 2014-2015 se realizaron tres muestreos mensuales a través de transectos lineales de 1 km x 600 m. Los ensambles se abordaron a través de índices de diversidad (equidad de Pielou, dominancia de Simpson y de diversidad verdadera) y especies dominantes (caracterizadas por un análisis de similitud porcentual). Con un análisis de correspondencia canónico parcial se estudió su migración. Se registraron 3.314 organismos agrupados en 14 especies. La equidad fue más alta en abril y la dominancia en febrero. Las especies dominantes fueron Leucophaeus atricilla, Thalasseus maximus, T. acuflavidus e Hydroprogne caspia. Se encontraron tres patrones migratorios que coinciden con las temporadas de lluvias, nortes y secas. Cada patrón contiene particulares ensambles de especies. El primer patrón ocurre de agosto a octubre 2014 (Sterna hirundo, T. acuflavidus y Chlidonias niger), el segundo de noviembre 2014 a febrero 2015 (Larus delawarensis, L. californicus, L. argentatus smithsonianus, L. atricilla, H. caspia y Rissa tridactyla), y el último abarca abril y mayo 2015 (Rynchops niger, Sternula antillarum y L. pipixcan). Los resultados establecen que el ensamblaje comunitario de los láridos se compone de un patrón migratorio múltiple.

Since no recent study has been done about Afrikaans Fisher language the aim of this article is to give an updated linguistic description of this variety.1 Heiberg (1957) conducted a previous study. Varieties change all the time (D'Arcy, 2015:484) and Afrikaans Fisher language is no exception. Due to Covid-19 the researchers were unable to focus exclusively on subsistence fisher communities. Covid anxiousness led to the fact that many fishers did not want to take part in this qualitative study, in which, inter alia, questionnaires and interviews were used (Blume, 2023:35). All fishers indicating their willingness to participate were chosen as respondents if they were between 18 and 75 years of age. The sample of forty fishers is therefore small but is supplemented by various other sources. The areas covered were the coastal areas of the Eastern, Southwestern and Western Cape (Blume, 2023:35). Afrikaans Fisher language has been influenced by different languages, especially Dutch, Portuguese, Malay and English and is recognised as a variety due to several unique words and expressions. Stell, Luffin and Rakiep (2008:293) indicate that the initial Malay and Creole Portuguese of the 20th century led to the development of Muslim Afrikaans. Heiberg (1957:96) explains that the names of certain types offish have an Eastern origin and that they most probably show Malay or Portuguese influence, for example: daeraad: Portuguese, dorado, English dageraad (Blume, 2023:80). Dutch words like dòòdstròòm, kabbelau, omweer/onweer, platvisch (to mention a few) show remarkable similarities with Afrikaans (see Overdiep, 1940; Blume, 2023:108). The list below indicates examples of English influence: bait: something to lure the fish with bait caster: somebody who uses live bait to catch fish beaut: (noun) - a big or pretty fish beautiful: to describe a fish that is big or pretty bottom feeders: Amongst others steenbras, kapenaars, Rooi Roman, Miss Lucy, etcetera cast: fishing method using a hook, line, sinker and bait catch and release: catch fish and throw them back into the water chum, chumming: use bait to get a lot of fish in one place coffee grinder: a type of pulley drag, smooth drag: the breaks on the pulley - "die drag is smooth". dropshot: hook made of steel with a built-in sinker and bait which is used to catch fish edge - "daai edge gee": have a better chance of a catch happy days: exclamation of joy hook-up, double hook-up: when fish bite or when more than one fish is caught on one hook live bait: bait that is alive pink prawn: type of sand or mud prawn popper: artificial bait in the form of small fish pull: when you can see that a fish bites because of the movement of the line rocket: used to describe a fast fish - "Hy swem soos 'n rocket." run: when thefish bit but try to swim away with the hook and bait. The Afrikaans equivalents loop and hardloop are also used. single: when only one hook is used size: when a fish is legally big enough spinner: type of bait made of metal which turns around in the water tentacle: a type of bait, specifically octopus tentacle tooth wire: strong line used to catch fish trawl: method of pulling bait behind a boat trigger: "hongerkliertjie trigger": stimulation of the glands on certain types offish, usually when the chum method is used try wind: used instead of probeer inkatrol unbelievable: emotional exclamation wangle: manipulate tools to function as they should Hybrid (English and Afrikaans) forms are frequently used: The following English fish names are used: banded galjoen: also known as bastard galjoen, demba. belman: other names are baardman, belvis, tasselfish. bronze bream: alternative names are hottentot, das, Jan Bruin, John Brown, fat fish, copper bream, Nyizala, butterfish, etcetera. bronzy: variant of bronze bream. cob: kabeljou flatty: frequently used in the Eastern Cape instead of Kaapse stompneus. garrick: also called leervis, leerfish grunter: instead of knorhaan gruntertjie: instead of knorhaan Miss Lucy: instead of rooistompneus pig/pig nose: instead of witneussteenbras pyltail (stingray): instead of pylstert, skerpneuspylstert, blou pylstert, vlinderrog raggie: from ragged toothed shark instead of yellow shark, brown shark shad: (Afrikaans: elf) swart musselcracker: (Afrikaans: poenskop). This fish is also known as black biskop, witbek, black steenbras, saqomolo, swartbiskop. Most fishers use either musselcracker or poenskop. tiger: instead of tiger shark wit musselcracker: Also known as brusher, mussel crusher, silver steenbras, white biskop. Most fishers use musselcracker instead of biskop. yellowtail: Seriola lalandi (Blume, 2023:155-157). Fisher language differs in terms of degrees of standardisation as certain words also occur in the general vocabulary, as indicated in the latest Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (HAT). Some words are not standardised as they are English words, for example shad (instead of elf) or they consist of hybrid forms, containing English and Afrikaans elements, like raggie for a specific type of shark. Other words and expressions are not included in the HAT, probably as they are not so well-known or frequently used in the general lexicon, for example bonnie/ bonnietjie instead of bonito. Stylistic variation is evident in the usage of the frequently used informal word flattie instead of stompneus. The degree of education can also lead to variation, as in skuide for skuite and kiewe for kieue. Certain meaning distinctions relating to Fisher language do not occur in the HAT, for example mas used as a verb and the meaning distinction "small boat" at the lemma bakkie.

Afrikaanse visserstaal is deur verskillende tale beïnvloed, waaronder veral Nederlands, Portugees, Maleis en Engels en word as variëteit onderskei op grond van heelwat unieke woorde en uitdrukkings. Daar is min geografiese differensiasie tussen Oos-Kaapse en Wes-Kaapse visserstaal as gevolg van die dialekkontinuum (Blume, 2023). Woorde in Afrikaanse visserstaal verskil ten opsigte van gestandaardiseerdheid deurdat sommige woorde ook in die algemene woordeskat voorkom, soos in die nuutste HAT aangedui. Sommige woorde is nie gestandaardiseer nie aangesien hulle Engelse woorde is, byvoorbeeld shad, of 'n hibridiese vorm van Engels en Afrikaans is, byvoorbeeld raggie. Ander woorde en uitdrukkings is nie in die HAT opgeneem nie, waarskynlik omdat hulle nie so bekend/gebruiklik is in die algemene leksikon nie, byvoorbeeld bonnie/bonnietjie in plaas van die standaardwoord bonito. Stylvlakverskille kom voor by die Standaardafrikaanse woord stompneus teenoorflatty (informeel). Laasgenoemde word eerder onder die vissers gebruik. Dit geld ook vir die gebruik van visserman teenoor visterman. Enkele woorde in HAT6 bevat nie die visserstaal-betekenisonderskeiding nie, byvoorbeeld bakkie en mas as werkwoord.

ABSTRACT. Cohesive Oxisols are widely used for cultivating eucalyptus in the Coastal Tablelands of the northeastern region of Brazil. However, mechanization and plant cultivation in these soils are difficult because of their cohesive layers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify better combinations between tillage systems and types of fertilization to improve the physical attributes of cohesive soil, with the aim of improving eucalyptus growth. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (soil preparation × fertilization). The tillage systems tested were: i) conventional tillage (CT) - one plowing combined with two harrowings, ii) minimum tillage (MT) - subsoiling down until 0.57 m depths in the planting line, iii) no-tillage type 1 (NT1) - planting in 0.3 m-deep pits, and iv) no-tillage type 2 (NT2) - planting in 0.6 m-deep pits. The types of fertilization tested were mineral (MF) and organic fertilization (OF). The diameter of the soil aggregates was reduced after being subjected to any combination of cohesive soils. Furthermore, OF provided the best levels of plant-available water, attenuating the adverse conditions of the cohesive layer. MT, NT1, and NT2 improved the soil physical attributes when compared to CT. Therefore, the combination of either NT1 or NT2 with OF, followed by the combination of either NT1 or NT2 with MF, was determined to be the best way to cultivate eucalyptus on cohesive soils. ABSTRACT Brazil However layers Therefore growth fertilization. . fertilization) i CT (CT harrowings ii MT (MT 057 0 57 0.5 line iii notillage no NT (NT1 03 3 0. mdeep deep pits iv (NT2 06 6 MF (MF OF. (OF) Furthermore plantavailable available water layer 05 5 (NT (OF

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. (SB Brazil However programs SANSED cruise SANAGU 356 (35 201 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2021 2022 2021/2022) ecology biogeochemistry masses patterns geomorphology sedimentology chemistry board approaches analyses GOMEXtype GOMEX type 0.25 025 0 (0.2 m² 0.75 075 75 (0.7 10 240 depth station physicochemical physico chemical micro, micro , micro- meio, meio meio- system 6 community pico macroplankton vertical horizontal 20, 20 (20 200 50 size, size) CTDrosette CTD rosette sampler PCRBS PCR BS (PCR-BS IBAMA Development 35 (3 2021202 2021/202 202 0.2 02 (0. 0.7 07 7 1 (2 5 3 ( 202120 2021/20 0. (0 20212 2021/2 2021/

A long-term trial was conducted in commercial vineyards in the Coastal region of South Africa to assess the impact of treated municipal wastewater irrigation on vineyards. Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc grapevines were irrigated using treated municipal wastewater from the Potsdam wastewater treatment works for 11 years. Grapevines were either rainfed (RF), irrigated with treated municipal wastewater via a single dripper line (SLD) or received twice the volume of wastewater via a double dripper line (DLD). Grapevine responses were measured from the 2013/14 to 2017/18 seasons. Although high amounts of K+, Na+ and Cl- were applied via wastewater irrigation, it did not result in excessive uptake by plants and did not affect vegetative growth or yield negatively. Irrigation reduced water constraints throughout the growing season compared to RF conditions, particularly for Cabernet Sauvignon. Consequently, SLD and DLD grapevines produced stronger vegetative growth and higher yields compared to RF. Results showed that the availability of irrigation water (albeit of relatively low quality) in regions where grapevines are usually grown under dryland conditions can increase grapevine productivity whilst maintaining good fruit quality. However, the water can vary in its availability as well as its quality over a short period of time. Plant and soil water status should be monitored regularly to avoid over-irrigation. Implementing low frequency irrigation scheduling with a sufficient leaching fraction will allow adequate time between irrigation applications for soils to aerate and organic material to decompose. Irrigation water, soils and grapevine leaves should be analysed to ensure that chemical parameters conform to recommended thresholds and norms.

ABSTRACT In line with the global trends, Argentine agriculture has been characterized in recent decades by its accelerated intensification processes. This fact is especially linked to the so-called technological package, derived from the Green Revolution, which is linked to technological, chemical and mechanical proposals highly dependent on inputs such as oil. On the other hand, this approach implies a high environmental and social cost. This condition is especially verified in the Argentine Pampean region, in which, the General Pueyrredon municipality (GPM) has been the scene of tensions and controversies related to the use of agrochemicals for more than two decades. This study evaluates the socio-environmental vulnerability of the population exposed to agrochemicals in the southern coastal and peri-urban corridor of Mar del Plata (GPM), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina in order to discuss possible health risks and their approach by local management. For this purpose, a socio-environmental vulnerability index (IVSA) was constructed, which accounts for the population’s capacity to prevent, reduce or face the risks associated with such exposure. The spatial distribution of the IVSA and its indicators were analyzed through a Geographic Information System and the most critical areas were identified. The results reveal better conditions of the IVSA in coastal areas close to the urban common land, where the infrastructure of basic sanitation services has a favorable impact. This work, together with the monitoring of health conditions, constitutes an input for the design of planning policies in pursuit of sustainable development in the area.

RESUMEN En consonancia con las tendencias globales, la agricultura argentina se ha destacado en las últimas décadas por sus acelerados procesos de intensificación. Dicha situación se vincula especialmente con el llamado paquete tecnológico derivado de la Revolución Verde, ligado a propuestas tecnológicas, químicas y mecánicas, altamente dependientes de insumos como el petróleo. Como contrapartida, este enfoque implica un alto costo ambiental y social. Esta condición se verifica especialmente en la región pampeana argentina. En su interior, el partido de General Pueyrredon (PGP) es escenario de tensiones y controversias ligadas al uso de agroquímicos desde hace más de dos décadas. El presente estudio evalúa la vulnerabilidad socioambiental de la población expuesta a agroquímicos en el corredor costero y periurbano sur de Mar del Plata (PGP), Provincia de Buenos Aires, a fin de reflexionar sobre los posibles riesgos a la salud y su abordaje por parte de la gestión local. Para ello se construyó un índice de vulnerabilidad socioambiental (IVSA) que da cuenta de la capacidad de la población para prevenir, reducir o afrontar los riesgos asociados a tal exposición. Se analizaron la distribución espacial del IVSA y sus indicadores mediante un sistema de información geográfica y se identificaron las zonas más críticas. Los resultados revelan mejores condiciones del IVSA en zonas costeras próximas al ejido urbano, donde la infraestructura de servicios de saneamiento básico incide favorablemente. Este trabajo, junto con el monitoreo de las condiciones de salud, constituye un insumo para el diseño de políticas de planificación que contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible.

Resumo Em vista da deterioração do meio ambiente, principalmente nas áreas costeiras, causada principalmente pela ação excessiva dos agentes econômicos, é necessária uma visão crítica e descritiva por parte dos pesquisadores. Dentro desta estrutura, a questão ambiental está presente no Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social até 2030, que exige mecanismos econômicos que tenham um impacto positivo sobre o meio ambiente. De acordo com esta afirmação, é reconhecida a prioridade da criação de um mecanismo econômico-financeiro para a gestão ambiental das baías. Consequentemente, o objetivo deste trabalho foi socializar as referências teóricas associadas aos instrumentos econômicos da política ambiental, bem como os mecanismos econômico-financeiros para a gestão ambiental das baías. Métodos teóricos e empíricos foram utilizados para revisar documentos e sistematizar conhecimentos. Entre os principais resultados, foi confirmado o papel fundamental da gestão ambiental, destacando a importância de estabelecer as referências teóricas associadas aos instrumentos e mecanismos econômico-financeiros, seus componentes e estrutura, e contribuir para a integração da dimensão econômica na gestão e política ambiental; bem como o uso em Cuba de instrumentos econômicos de política ambiental e a influência que eles tiveram em nível nacional e internacional, o que permitiu soluções mais eficazes para os problemas ambientais e sua preservação.

Abstract In view of the deterioration of the environment, mainly in coastal areas, caused mainly by the excessive actions of economic agents, a critical and descriptive vision is needed on the part of researchers. Within this framework, the environmental issue is present in the National Economic and Social Development Plan until 2030, which calls for economic mechanisms that have a positive impact on the environment. In line with this claim, the priority of creating an economic-financial mechanism for the environmental management of bays is recognized. Consequently, the objective of this paper was to socialize the theoretical references associated with the economic instruments of environmental policy, as well as the economic-financial mechanisms for the environmental management of bays. Theoretical and empirical methods were used for the documentary review and systematization of knowledge. Among the main results, the key role of environmental management was noted, highlighting the importance of establishing the theoretical references associated with economic-financial instruments and mechanisms, their components and structure and contributing to the integration of the economic dimension in environmental management and policy; as well as the use in Cuba of the economic instruments of environmental policy and the influence it has had at present at the national and international level, which allowed providing more effective solutions to the problems of the environment and its preservation.

Resumen Ante el deterioro del medio ambiente, principalmente en zonas costeras, originado fundamentalmente por la acción desmedida de agentes económicos, se precisa de una visión crítica y descriptiva por parte de los investigadores. En este marco, el tema ambiental está presente dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Económico y Social hasta el 2030, en el que se apuesta por mecanismos económicos que impacten positivamente en el medio ambiente. Alineado a este reclamo, se reconoce la prioridad de crear un mecanismo económico-financiero para la gestión ambiental de bahías. En consecuencia, el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en socializar los referentes teóricos asociados a los instrumentos económicos de la política ambiental, así como de los mecanismos económico-financieros para la gestión ambiental de bahías. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos para la revisión documental y la sistematización de conocimientos. Entre los principales resultados se constató el papel clave de la gestión ambiental, destacando para su consecución la importancia de establecer los referentes teóricos asociados a instrumentos y mecanismos económico-financieros, sus componentes y estructura y contribuir a la integración de la dimensión económica en la gestión y política ambiental; así también el uso en Cuba de los instrumentos económicos de política ambiental y la influencia que ha tenido en la actualidad a nivel nacional e internacional, lo que permitió brindar soluciones más efectivas a los problemas del ambiente y su preservación.

Resumen Fortaleza, capital de Ceará (Brasil), tiene una franja costera abierta y sin puerto natural, y, a principios del siglo XIX, el Gobierno y la opinión pública lo consideraban un obstáculo para su desarrollo económico. Consecuentemente, se implementaron varios proyectos de mejoramiento del puerto. La construcción de un fondeadero artificial alteraría el litoral, con impacto directo en la naturaleza, y rápido apelmazamiento del puerto, obligando a los ingenieros a buscar alternativas. El artículo busca comprender las acciones realizadas por los ingenieros en sus intervenciones en el puerto de Fortaleza, entre 18 69-1940, centrándose en los efectos y consecuencias del uso de técnicas y tecnologías en el espacio físico-geográfico. Los supuestos teórico-metodológicos de Envirotech, informes técnicos, gubernamentales, periódicos especializados y mapas demuestran el surgimiento del envirotechnical system portuario, no limitado a Fortaleza, sino a la extensa área de paisaje híbrido que abarca límites urbanos y naturales con impacto directo en la costa.

Resumo Fortaleza, capital do Ceará (Brasil), possui uma faixa litorânea aberta e sem porto natural e, desde o início do século XIX, o Governo e a opinião pública consideravam isso um entrave ao desenvolvimento económico da cidade. Logo, diversos projetos de melhoramentos portuários foram incentivados e implementados. Todavia, a construção de ancoradouro artificial alteraria a linha costeira, com impacto direto no meio ambiente, com rápido assoreamento do porto, forçando os engenheiros a encontrar alternativas. Objetiva-se compreender as ações empreendidas pelos engenheiros em suas intervenções no porto de Fortaleza entre 1869-1940, focalizando os efeitos e consequências do emprego de técnicas e de tecnologias no espaço físico-geográfico. Com base nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do Envirotech, os relatórios técnicos, governamentais, jornais especializados e mapas demonstram não apenas o surgimento do envirotechnical system portuário não limitado à Fortaleza, mas igualmente a extensa área de paisagem híbrida abarcando limites urbanos e naturais com impacto direto à costa.

Abstract Fortaleza, capital of Ceará (Brazil) has an unprotected coastal line without a natural port. Since the beginning of the 19th century, the Government and the public considered this an obstacle to the city's economic development. Therefore, port improvement projects were encouraged and implemented; however, the artificial anchorage construction altered the coastline, had a direct impact on the environment, with rapid silting of the port, and pushed engineers to find alternatives. This article aims to understand the actions taken by engineers regarding their interventions in the port of Fortaleza between 1869- 1940, focusing on the effects and consequences of the techniques and technologies used in this specific physical-geographic space. Envirotech's theoretical-methodological assumptions, technical and governmental reports, specialized journals, and maps endorse the creation of the port envirotechnical system, not limited to Fortaleza, but to an extended area of hybrid landscape including urban and natural limits with direct impact on the environment.

RESUMEN: Con el fin de resolver el alto índice de vacancia o incluso el abandono de tierras de cultivo, en este trabajo se busca proteger los recursos de tierras cultivables y asegurar el suministro de comida al determinar el margen inferior (línea roja) del terreno apto para sembrar al cual no se le debe cambiar el uso. Para efectos de este estudio, se estableción la línea roja en 1800 millones de mu (cada mu corresponde a 1/15 de hectárea). La línea roja tiene funciones y características paisajísticas pero deben estar definidos los criterios de cómo juzgar las características dominantes paisajísticas de las tierras cultivadas. Además, en este estudio se dividen las características paisajísticas entre valores estéticos y de estabilidad de acuerdo con los patrones del paisaje. Se desarrolló un sistema amplio de evaluación para explorar las características dominantes del paisaje en los terrenos cultivados con base en la evaluación amplia multifactorial. Con base en este enunciado, este trabajo consiste en un estudio empírico en la ciudad costera de Donggang, China. Los resultados empíricos muestran que las tierras cultivadas cerca de las ciudades, carreteras principales y reservas naturales tienen un valor mayor estético, cerca de 85440 hm2, y que corresponden a un 81.80 % de las tierras cultivadas. Las tierras adyacentes cultivadas y las tierras altamente compatibles para el cultivo en las planicies tienen una alta estabilidad, y el tipo de paisaje dominante es el arrozal, con una área de unos 91682 hm2, que corresponde al 87.77 %. Los análisis de las características del paisaje con las ventajas compuestas de las tierras cultivadas muestra que el área de los recursos cultivados tanto con las ventajas estéticas y de estabilidad es de cerca de 82.653hm2, que corresponde al 79,13%. Este es el límite sugerido para establecer la línea roja de protección a la tierra cultivable.

ABSTRACT: In the face of endless idle and even abandoned farmland, it is trying to protect farmland resources and ensure food supply by determining the bottom line (red line) of arable land that cannot be changed in use. The red line has landscape characteristics and functions, but there remain limited understandings of how to judge the dominant landscape characteristics of cultivated land. Therefore, this study divides landscape characteristics into aesthetic value and stability according to landscape pattern. A comprehensive evaluation system was developed to explore the dominant landscape features of the cultivated resources based on a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation. On this basis, this study conducts an empirical study in Donggang, a coastal city in China. The results show that cultivated land resources with high aesthetic value are distributed near cities, major roads, and important natural resources. The cultivated land resources with greater continuity and compatibility with adjacent plots are relatively stable, mainly paddy fields. The red line of cultivated land should focus on the characteristics of cultivated land stability. At the same time, the aesthetic value of cultivated land resources is also an important factor (related degree is 0.852). According to this evaluation system, the dominant area of arable land protection in Donggang City is 88,027.21hm2, which is the preferred area for the red line of arable land.

Resumo A concentração do turismo no litoral brasileiro é amplamente reconhecida, porém seu desenvolvimento não ocorre de forma homogênea ao longo de toda costa. Assim, o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a difusão espacial da atividade turística no litoral brasileiro, procurando identificar as localidades onde assume maior expressividade e os fatores que contribuíram para seu desenvolvimento desigual. Os procedimentos adotados incluíram a exploração de informações sobre os destinos turísticos de duas principais fontes: o Guia Quatro Rodas, da Editora Abril; e o Mapa do Turismo Brasileiro, do Ministério do Turismo, edição 2019. O mapeamento e a análise dos dados permitiram concluir que a espacialidade do turismo litorâneo foi condicionada pela estrutura urbana preexistente, concentrando-se nas grandes cidades. Entretanto, municípios de pequeno e médio porte, após intervenções seletivas do poder público, tornaram-se destinos de destaque no mercado turístico regional, nacional e internacional.

Abstract The concentration of tourism on the Brazilian coast is widely recognised, despite the fact that its development does not take place in an even manner along the entirety of the coast. As a result, the goal of this article is to examine the spatial diffusion of tourism-related activities on the Brazilian shore and seek to identify the places where it gains more prominence, along with the factors that contributed to its uneven growth. The procedures adopted included the study of tourism-related data as contained in two sources: the Guia Quatro Rodas [‘Quatro Rodas’ Motoring Guide] of the Abril Publishing House and the Brazilian Tourism Map, as published by the Brazilian Department of Tourism in its 2019 edition. The mapping and the analysis of the data allowed us to conclude that the spatial character of coastal tourism was conditioned by the pre-existing urban structure, and concentrated on the major cities. It should be noted that small and mid-sized cities, following specific interventions from the Government, became relevant destinations in the regional, domestic and foreign markets.

Resumen La concentración del turismo en la costa brasileña es ampliamente reconocida, pero su desarrollo no es homogéneo a lo largo de toda la costa. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar la difusión espacial de la actividad turística en la costa brasileña, buscando identificar los lugares donde asume mayor expresión y los factores que contribuyeron a su desigual desarrollo. Los procedimientos adoptados incluyeron la exploración de información sobre destinos turísticos de dos fuentes principales: Guía Quatro Rodas, de Editora Abril; y el Mapa de Turismo de Brasil, del Ministerio de Turismo, edición 2019. El mapeo y análisis de datos permitió concluir que la espacialidad del turismo costero estaba condicionada por la estructura urbana preexistente, concentrándose en las grandes ciudades. Sin embargo, los municipios pequeños y medianos, luego de intervenciones selectivas por parte del gobierno, se han convertido en destinos destacados en el mercado turístico regional, nacional e internacional

Resumo Os mamíferos são organismos carismáticos que desempenham um papel fundamental na função ecológica e nos serviços ecossistêmicos, como polinização, dispersão de sementes, ciclagem de nutrientes e controle de pragas. O Estado de São Paulo representa apenas 3% do território brasileiro, mas detém 33% da diversidade de mamíferos. A maior parte de seu território é dominado pela agricultura, pastagens e áreas urbanas que afetam diretamente a diversidade e a persistência dos mamíferos na paisagem. Além disso, São Paulo possui o maior porto da América Latina e o maior reservatório de petróleo costeiro do Brasil, com 600 km de extensão de litoral com diversas espécies de mamíferos marinhos. Essas infraestruturas afetam a diversidade, distribuição, ecologia e o futuro dos mamíferos no estado. Aqui, respondemos cinco perguntas principais: 1) Qual é a diversidade de mamíferos silvestres no Estado de São Paulo? 2) Onde eles ocorrem? 3) Qual é o seu impacto positivo e negativo no bem-estar humano? 4) Como os mamíferos persistem em paisagens modificadas pelo homem? 5) Qual é o futuro dos mamíferos no estado? O estado de São Paulo possui 255 espécies de mamíferos nativos, com quatro espécies endêmicas, duas delas globalmente ameaçadas de extinção. Pelo menos seis espécies (dois marsupiais, ariranha, veado-campeiro, veado-cambuta e tatu-canastra) foram extirpadas do estado devido à caça e perda de habitat. O intenso uso humano da terra no estado forçou muitas espécies de mamíferos a mudar sua dieta para lidar com a intensa fragmentação e agricultura. A monocultura em larga escala facilitou a invasão de espécies exóticas, como porcos selvagens (javaporco) e a lebre europeia. Várias espécies de áreas abertas estão expandindo suas áreas de distribuição (lobo-guará, veado-catingueiro) sobre áreas desmatadas e provavelmente refletem mudanças em direção a um clima mais seco. Como o estado possui o maior sistema rodoviário do Brasil, cerca de 40 mil mamíferos de 33 espécies são mortos por ano em colisões, causando um prejuízo econômico de 12 milhões de dólares/ano. A diversidade de mamíferos está concentrada nos maiores remanescentes florestais da Serra do Mar e no interior do Estado, principalmente nas regiões de Ribeirão Preto e Jundiaí. As lacunas amostrais estão concentradas em todo o interior do estado, principalmente na região noroeste. Os mamíferos silvestres desempenham um papel fundamental em muitos serviços ecossistêmicos, mas também podem ser uma preocupação em trazer novas doenças emergentes para as populações humanas. Embora a taxonomia de mamíferos pareça ser bem conhecida, mostramos que novas espécies estão sendo continuamente descobertas no estado. Portanto, pesquisas usando tecnologias tradicionais e novas (eDNA, iDNA, drones), monitoramento populacional de longo prazo, a investigação da interface do conflito homem-vida selvagem e a compreensão do papel único no ecossistema desempenhado pelos mamíferos são um caminho futuro para promover uma paisagem verde sustentável aliada ao bem-estar humano no estado. O plantio de corredores florestais ou de cerrado, principalmente junto aos principais sistemas fluviais, no planalto, o controle da caça ilegal nas áreas costeiras, o manejo dos regimes de fogo no Cerrado e a mitigação dos atropelamentos devem ser uma prioridade para proteger essa notável diversidade de mamíferos.

Abstract Mammals are charismatic organisms that play a fundamental role in ecological functions and ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and pest control. The state of São Paulo represents only 3% of the Brazilian territory but holds 33% of its mammalian diversity. Most of its territory is dominated by agriculture, pastures, and urban areas which directly affect the diversity and persistence of mammals in the landscape. In addition, São Paulo has the largest port in Latin America and the largest offshore oil reservoir in Brazil, with a 600 km stretch of coastline with several marine mammal species. These human-made infrastructures affect the diversity, distribution, ecology, and the future of mammals in the state. Here, we answer five main questions: 1) What is the diversity of wild mammals in São Paulo state? 2) Where are they? 3) What is their positive and negative impact on human well-being? 4) How do mammals thrive in human-modified landscapes? 5) What is the future of mammals in the state? The state of São Paulo holds 255 species of native mammals, with four endemic species, two of them globally endangered. At least six species (two marsupials, Giant otter, Pampas deer, Brazilian dwarf brocket deer, and Giant armadillo) were extirpated from the state due to hunting and habitat loss. The intense human land use in the state forced many mammalian species to change their diet to cope with the intense fragmentation and agriculture. Large-scale monoculture has facilitated the invasion of exotic species such as wild boars (javali) and the European hare. Several “savanna-dwelling” species are expanding their ranges (Maned wolf, Brocket deer) over deforested areas and probably reflect changes towards a drier climate. Because the state has the largest road system, about 40,000 mammals from 33 species are killed per year in collisions causing an economic loss of 12 million dollars/year. The diversity of mammals is concentrated in the largest forest remnants of Serra do Mar and in the interior of the State, mainly in the regions of Ribeirão Preto and Jundiaí. Sampling gaps are concentrated throughout the interior of the state, particularly in the northwest region. Wild mammals play a fundamental role in many ecosystem services, but they can also be a concern in bringing new emergent diseases to humans. Although the taxonomy of mammals seems to be well known, we show that new species are continuously being discovered in the state. Therefore, continuous surveys using traditional and new technologies (eDNA, iDNA, drones), long-term population monitoring, investigation of the interface of human-wildlife conflict, and understanding of the unique ecosystem role played by mammals are future avenues for promoting sustainable green landscapes allied to human well-being in the state. The planting of forest or savanna corridors, particularly along with major river systems, in the plateau, controlling illegal hunting in the coastal areas, managing fire regimes in the Cerrado, and mitigating roadkill must be prioritized to protect this outstanding mammal diversity.