Resumen (Objetivo) El estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar bajo la mirada de la teoría APOE (acción, proceso, objeto y esquema), la producción de estudiantes de educación secundaria al aboradar 11 ítems relacionados con la función exponencial. (Metodología) El enfoque fue de corte cualitativo, a través del análisis de contenido. La muestra fue de 15 estudiantes (entre 15 a 18 años), nominados de manera no probabilística con interés de obtener la mayor cantidad de información. Para el diseño del instrumento intencionado desde la teoría, se construyó una descomposición genética hipotética del concepto de función exponencial como objeto cognitivo de acuerdo con las estructuras (acción, proceso, objeto y esquema) y mecanismos mentales (interiorización, coordinación, encapsulación, desencapsulación, reversión), para interpretar la construcción mental que realizan los estudiantes sobre la función en estudio, con base en su desarrollo histórico epistemológico, la presentación en textos escolares y la experiencia del investigador. (Resultados) En el nivel de resultados se evidenció que 13 estudiantes muestran una concepción acción de la función estudiada y 2 estudiantes que llegaron a construir el concepto como proceso. (Conclusiones) Se concluye que los estudiantes construyen el concepto de función exponencial como acción, es decir, todo lo relacionado con procesos repetitivos y mecánicos con potencias, cálculo de imágenes, representación gráfica, solución de ecuaciones exponenciales, incluso algunos estudiantes dan respuesta a los ítems sin realizar explícitamente todos los pasos requeridos en la resolución. Dichos resultados evidencian ausencia de un proceso mental de la función exponencial y por consecuencia la encapsulación de él en el objeto función exponencial.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo do estudo foi examinar, soba perspectiva da teoria APOE (ação, processo, objeto e esquema), a produção de alunos do ensino médio ao lidarem com 11 itens relacionados à função exponencial. (Metodologia) A abordagem foi qualitativa, por meio de análise de conteúdo. A amostra consistiu em 15 alunos (com idades entre 15 e 18 anos), nomeados em uma base não probabilística com o objetivo de obter o máximo de informações possível. Para a elaboração do instrumento baseado na teoria, foi construída uma decomposição genética hipotética do conceito de função exponencial como objeto cognitivo, de acordo com as estruturas (ação, processo, objeto e esquema) e os mecanismos mentais (internalização, coordenação, encapsulamento, desencapsulamento, reversão), a fim de interpretar a construção mental feita pelos alunos sobre a função em estudo, com base no seu desenvolvimento epistemológico histórico, na apresentação em textos escolares e na experiência do pesquisador. (Resultados) Em nível de resultados, ficou evidente que 13 alunos apresentam uma concepção de ação da função estudada e 2 alunos que conseguiram construir o conceito como um processo. (Conclusões) Conclui-se que os alunos constroemo conceito de função exponencial como uma ação, ou seja, tudo o que está relacionado a processos repetitivos e mecânicos com potências, cálculo de imagens, representação gráfica, solução de equações exponenciais, inclusive alguns alunos dão respostas aos itens sem realizar explicitamente todos os passos exigidos na resolução. Esses resultados mostram a ausência de um processo mental da função exponencial e, consequentemente, o encapsulamento dele no objeto da função exponencial.

Abstract (Objective) The objective of this study was to examine, in the light of the APOS theory (action, process, object, and schema), the results produced by secondary school students when addressing 11 items related to the exponential function. (Methodology) The approach was qualitative, using content analysis. The sample consisted of 15 students between 15 and 18 years old, chosen in a non-probabilistic way to obtain the greatest amount of information. Based upon the theory, an instrument was designed which consisted of a hypothetical genetic decomposition of the concept of exponential function as a cognitive object, according to structures (action, process, object and schema) and mental mechanisms (interiorization, coordination, encapsulation, decapsulation, and investment), to interpret the mental construct that students create about the function being studied, based on its historical epistemological development, its presentation in school textbooks and the experience of the researcher. (Results) At the level of results, it was found that 13 students showed an action conception of the function being studied and 2 students built the concept at the process level. (Conclusion) Students most often built the concept of an exponential function at the action level, that is, everything related to repetitive and mechanical processes with powers, image calculation, graphic representation, solution of exponential equations; some students even responded to the items without explicitly performing all the steps required for their resolution. These results demonstrated the absence of a mental process related to the exponential function and its consequent encapsulation into an exponential function object.

Resumen: Esta investigación aborda la diversidad de rasgos en el mercado minorista mexicano, buscando identificar atributos comunes fundamentales entre los consumidores de tiendas de retail. El objetivo es analizar las variaciones en las preferencias de distintos tipos de consumidores con respecto a las estrategias de precios implementadas por un supermercado y cómo estas contribuyen a una experiencia transformadora. Se destacan cinco segmentos de consumidores prósperos: i) myopic switcher light, ii) strategic switchers light, iii) myopic switchers heavy, iv) strategic loyal heavy, y v) myopic loyal light. La aplicación del enfoque de segmentación permite a los tomadores de decisiones discernir estrategias más aceptadas en cada segmento, facilitando la comprensión de cómo abordar efectivamente las características distintivas de los consumidores. Este enfoque informado proporciona un marco valioso para especialistas y tomadores de decisiones de marketing, permitiéndoles adaptar estrategias específicas según las preferencias diferenciadas de los consumidores en el mercado minorista mexicano. La investigación destaca la viabilidad de adoptar estrategias de precios basadas en la segmentación de mercado en distintas regiones, ofreciendo hitos prácticos para eficientizar la implementación de tácticas de precios en el contexto retail en México.

Abstract: The present research addresses the diversity of traits in the Mexican retail market, aiming to find fundamental common attributes among consumers in retail stores. Aim: To examine differences in preferences among various consumer segments regarding pricing strategies implemented by a supermarket and their role in fostering a transformative experience. Five prosperous consumer segments are highlighted: i) myopic switcher light, ii) strategic switchers light, iii) myopic switchers heavy, iv) strategic loyal heavy, and v) myopic loyal light. The application of the segmentation approach allows decision-makers to discern more accepted strategies in each segment, easing an understanding of how to effectively address the distinctive characteristics of consumers. This informed approach supplies a valuable framework for specialists and marketing decision-makers, enabling them to adapt specific strategies grounded regarding the diverse preferences exhibited by consumers in the Mexican retail sector. The research highlights the feasibility of adopting market segmentation-based pricing strategies in various regions, providing practical milestones to streamline the implementation of pricing tactics in the Mexican retail context.

Abstract In view of enhanced Pc applications, doped materials have drawn much attention. The present work focused on synthesizing pure and Pd doped WO3 Np, which were used as Pc for MB and RhB aqueous solutions discoloration, under VL, by a unique MWI technique. XRD and TEM studies revealed that Pd dopant did not influence WO3 samples structure and morphology, since they had mono-dispersed spherical forms, with an average diameter of about 50-30 nm. Optical spectra showed a red shift in the absorption edges, with an increase in Ct of Pd from 0 to 10 wt%, which indicates the decrease in Eg of WO3 with Pd doping. Eg was calculated as 3.02, 2.84 and 2.73 eV, for pure and Pd (5 and 10 wt%) doped WO3 samples, respectively. Pc intensity of Pd doped WO3 was significantly higher than that of the pure one. This was due to the recombination of photo-excited electrons and holes. Pc activities of pure and Pd doped WO3 samples were analyzed based on their ability to degrade MB and RhB dyes under VL. Pd doped WO3 showed better Pc degradation, due to an increase in SA, and a decrease in Eg and O vacancies.

Resumen La comunidad científica internacional no tiene dudas hoy en asumir que las inscripciones son un medio de comunicación con intención de notoriedad, universalidad - dentro del grupo social que les da origen- y mayor o menor grado de perdurabilidad. De ahí que haya sido el mecanismo utilizado, entre otros, por artistas y escultores para acompañar a sus programas iconográficos con la intención de completarlos y ofrecer mayor profundidad comunicativa que la que se puede lograr únicamente con la imagen. Este es sin duda el objetivo perseguido por el artista (o los artistas) que realizaron los retablos de la Duda y la Pasión para la capilla funeraria de los Caparroso de la Catedral de Pamplona. Este mecanismo - texto+imagen -, no representa novedad alguna pero sí lo es la utilización de distintos tipos gráficos dentro de un mismo conjunto epigráfico. Este fenómeno es propio y casi exclusivo de la epigrafía de transición entre el ocaso medieval y los albores de la modernidad. Es por ello que nuestro estudio se centra en el análisis paleográfico de estos retablos tratando de arrojar luz sobre algunas incógnitas que aún permanecen sin resolver.

Abstract The international scientific community has no doubts today in assuming that the inscriptions are a means of communication with the intention of notoriety, universality -within the social group that gives rise to them- and a greater or lesser degree of durability. Hence, it has been the mechanism used, among others, by artists and sculptors to accompany their iconographic programs with the intention of completing them and offering greater communicative depth than that which can be achieved solely with images. This is undoubtedly the objective pursued by the artist (or artists) who created the altarpieces of Doubt and Passion for the Caparroso funeral chapel in Pamplona Cathedral. This mechanism - text+image -, does not represent any novelty, but the use of different graphic types within the same epigraphic group does. This phenomenon is characteristic of and almost exclusive to the epigraphy of the transition between the medieval decline and the dawn of modernity. That is why our study focuses on the paleographic analysis of these altarpieces trying to shed light on some unknowns that still remain unresolved.

Resumo Nesta pesquisa, são analisadas 13 narrativas sobre manifestações sônicas, luminosas e de natureza mista em setores geográficos específicos da Costa Rica, com o objetivo de destacar a importância dos relatos, histórias e lendas como formas alternativas ou indiretas de registro de possível atividade sísmica/tectônica. A pesquisa identifica, compila e classifica as narrativas, considerando o contexto geográfico, geológico e sísmico/tectônico associado a cada narrativa. Em seguida, compara os aspectos mais importantes descritos na literatura científica internacional sobre manifestações sônicas e EQLs (luzes de terremoto). Em conclusão, infere-se uma evidente correlação entre as narrativas, bem como com casos registrados e investigados em todo o mundo. Além disso, observa-se uma vinculação geoespacial entre seus contextos geográficos, geológicos e sísmico/tectônicos, sugerindo a possibilidade de que essas narrativas constituam evidências alternativas ou indiretas sobre a atividade tectônica histórica na Costa Rica.

Abstract In this study, 13 narratives depicting manifestations, specifically sonic, light, and mixed occurrences, in specific geographic sectors of Costa Rica are analyzed. The purpose is to highlight the importance of reports, stories, and legends as alternative or indirect means of documenting potential seismic/tectonic activity. The analysis commences with the identification, compilation, and classification of these narratives. Additionally, consideration is given to the contextual factors, including geographic, geological, and seismic/tectonic elements associated with each narrative. This process is followed by a comparison with the most important aspects described in the international scientific literature concerning sonic and earthquake lights or EQLs. In conclusion, an evident correlation of the narratives among themselves is inferred, and with cases documented and investigated worldwide, besides a geospatial connection of their geographic, geological, and seismic/tectonic contexts, suggesting the possibility of being part of alternative or indirect evidence of historical tectonic activity in Costa Rica.

Resumen En esta investigación se analizan 13 narrativas sobre manifestaciones: sónicas, lumínicas y de naturaleza mixta en sectores geográficos específicos de Costa Rica, con la finalidad de resaltar la importancia de los reportes, relatos y leyendas, como formas alternativas o indirectas del registro de posible actividad sismo/tectónica. Iniciando con una identificación, compilación y clasificación de las narrativas, considerando además el contexto: geográfico, geológico y sismo/tectónico asociado con cada una, seguido de una comparación con los aspectos más importantes descritos en la literatura científica internacional sobre las manifestaciones sónicas y de luces de terremoto o “EQLs” (del inglés “Earthquake Lights”). En conclusión, se infiere una evidente correlación de las narrativas entre sí, y con casos registrados e investigados mundialmente; además de una vinculación geoespacial de sus contextos geográficos, geológicos y sísmico/tectónicos, sugiriendo la posibilidad de ser parte de evidencias alternas o indirectas sobre la actividad tectónica histórica en Costa Rica.

Abstract In the present study, a prediction of hardness deterioration and abrasive wear was performed through a neural network using artificial intelligence on a material printed in SLA. This article aims to predict the mechanical properties, wear resistance and surface hardness of parts manufactured by SLA stereolithography printing. A full factorial DOE was used to associate the peculiar parameters (print orientation, cure time, layer height) to perform experiments. The mechanical properties were evaluated according to ASTM regulations, with the objective of obtaining feeding data and validation of the predictions of the Taber Wear Index and hardness using an artificial neural network. The experimental results are in good agreement with the measured data with satisfactory prediction errors with a mean square error (MSE) of 0.01 corresponding to abrasive wear using the clear resin and a mean absolute error (MSE) of 0.09 with an R2 of 0.756, the prediction with the neural network with a mean square error (MSE) of 2.47 corresponding to abrasive wear using the tough resin and a mean absolute error (MSE) of 14.3 with an R2 of 0.97. It was shown that the accuracy of the prediction is reasonable, and the network has the potential to be improved if the experimental database for training the network could be expanded. Therefore, wear and hardness mechanical properties can be predicted appropriately with an ANN.

Resumen En el presente estudio se realizó una predicción del deterioro de la dureza y el desgaste abrasivo a través de una red neuronal utilizando inteligencia artificial sobre un material impreso en SLA. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo predecir las propiedades mecánicas de resistencia al desgaste y dureza superficial de piezas fabricadas mediante impresión por estereolitografía (SLA). Para realizar los experimentos se utilizó un diseño factorial de dos niveles o DOE factorial completo y así asociar los parámetros peculiares (orientación de impresión, tiempo de curado, altura de la capa). Las propiedades mecánicas fueron evaluadas según normativas ASTM, con el objetivo de obtener datos de alimentación y validación de las predicciones del índice de desgaste Taber y la dureza empleando una red neuronal artificial. Los resultados experimentales concuerdan con los datos medidos con errores de predicción satisfactorios con un error cuadrático medio (MSE) de 0,01 correspondiente al desgaste abrasivo utilizando la resina transparente y un error absoluto medio (MSE) de 0,09 con un R2 de 0,76. La predicción con la red neuronal tiene un error cuadrático medio (MSE) de 2.47 perteneciente al desgaste abrasivo utilizando la resina resistente y un error absoluto medio (MSE) de 14,3 con un R2 de 0,97. Se demostró que la precisión de la predicción es razonable, y que la red tiene potencial para mejorar si se pudiera ampliar la base de datos experimental para entrenar la red. Por lo tanto, las propiedades mecánicas de desgaste y dureza se pueden predecir, adecuadamente, con una RNA.

RESUMEN El artículo aborda la incidencia de la plataformización social en universidades públicas de Córdoba, Argentina, posterior al período de excepcionalidad pedagógica que tuvo lugar entre 2020 y 2022. Comprendemos que la pandemia de COVID-19 precipitó una serie de tendencias preexistentes y puso en escena la necesidad de diseñar modalidades de enseñanza-aprendizaje que desafían las divisiones clásicas entre la educación presencial y a distancia. En tal sentido, se reconstruye el proceso desarrollado en las últimas décadas y se hace foco en los avances de la plataformización y los procesos de transformación de las prácticas socioeducativas. Para ilustrar dicho proceso se analizan algunas políticas llevadas adelante en instituciones del nivel superior de la provincia de Córdoba y la sistematización de experiencias docentes y en el área de gestión educativa.

ABSTRACT The article addresses the incidence of social platformization in public universities in Córdoba, Argentina, after the period of pedagogical exceptionality that took place between 2020 and 2022. We understand that the COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a series of pre-existing trends and brought to light the need to design teaching-learning modalities that challenge the classic divisions between face-to-face and distance education. In this sense, the process developed in recent decades is reconstructed and the focus is placed on the advances of platformization and the processes of transformation of socio-educational practices. To illustrate this process, some policies carried out in higher level institutions in the province of Córdoba and the systematization of teaching experiences and in the area of educational management are analyzed.

RESUMO O artigo aborda a incidência da plataformização social nas universidades públicas de Córdoba, Argentina, após o período de excepcionalidade pedagógica ocorrido entre 2020 e 2022. Entendemos que a pandemia da COVID-19 precipitou uma série de tendências pré-existentes e trouxe à luz a necessidade de desenhar modalidades de ensino-aprendizagem que desafiem as divisões clássicas entre educação presencial e a distância. Nesse sentido, reconstrói-se o processo desenvolvido nas últimas décadas e o foco é colocado nos avanços da plataformização e nos processos de transformação das práticas socioeducativas. Para ilustrar este processo, são analisadas algumas políticas realizadas em instituições de nível superior na província de Córdoba e a sistematização de experiências docentes e na área de gestão educacional.

Resumo: No sistema educacional da Costa Rica, observa-se um aumento nas opções para o ensino médio; contudo, a diversidade de ofertas e modalidades disponíveis carece de clareza. Neste manuscrito, trabalhamos com diretores de centros educativos, supervisores de circuitos educativos e funcionários administrativos dos escritórios centrais do Ministério da Educação Pública (MEP) da Costa Rica para responder às seguintes questões de pesquisa: Quais os critérios para a mudança ou abertura de modalidades e ofertas educativas no ensino secundário na Costa Rica? Quais os caminhos administrativos e de gestão curricular para aprovação de vagas ou alterações de modalidades e ofertas? e finalmente, como pode ser descrito o processo de gestão de mudanças ou abertura de modalidades ou ofertas do MEP? Foi utilizada uma metodologia descritiva/exploratória, além de entrevistas e de um análise documental. Verificou-se que a partir da gestão curricular e administrativa não existe uma classificação clara destas propostas educacionais nem um percurso único para os processos de abertura, mudança e encerramento destas opções educativas. A gestão administrativa e curricular é complexa, pois envolve diferentes instâncias do MEP, entre as quais nem sempre há coordenação. Existem diversas rotas para a criação, alteração e encerramento de modalidades e ofertas educativas, e o aspecto orçamentário desempenha um papel crucial na aprovação. Essas constatações são discutidas à luz do direito das pessoas a uma educação de qualidade e ao seu pleno desenvolvimento educacional e profissional.

Resumen: En el sistema educativo costarricense, ha existido un crecimiento en las opciones educativas para educación secundaria, sin embargo, no existe claridad sobre las distintas ofertas y modalidades disponibles. En esta investigación realizada en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, se trabajó con personas directoras de centros educativos, personal administrativo de oficinas centrales del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP) y supervisores de circuitos educativos, para responder las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿cuáles son los criterios para el cambio o apertura de modalidades y ofertas educativas en educación media en Costa Rica? ¿Cuáles son las rutas de gestión administrativa y curricular para la aprobación de aperturas o cambios de modalidades y ofertas? Y, por último, ¿cómo se puede describir el proceso de gestión de cambio o apertura de modalidades u ofertas desde el MEP? Para ello, se utilizó una metodología de tipo descriptivo/exploratorio mediante entrevistas y análisis documental. Se encontró que, desde la gestión curricular y administrativa, no hay una clara tipificación de estas propuestas educativas, tampoco existe una única ruta para los procesos de apertura, cambio y cierre de estas opciones educativas. La gestión administrativa y curricular es compleja, pues intervienen distintas instancias del MEP, entre las cuales no siempre hay coordinación, se cuenta con distintas rutas para la creación, cambio y cierre de las modalidades y ofertas educativas, además, el aspecto presupuestario juega un papel clave en la aprobación. Finalmente, se discuten estos hallazgos a la luz del derecho de las personas de tener una educación de calidad, así como su pleno desarrollo educativo y profesional.

Abstract: The Costa Rican educational system has seen an increase in the number of educational options for secondary education; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding the different offerings and modalities available. For this paper, we interviewed school principals, educational circuit supervisors, and administrative personnel from the central offices of the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education (MEP) to answer the following research questions What are the criteria used to change or introduce educational modalities and offerings in secondary education in Costa Rica? What are the administrative and curricular management processes to approve the introduction or modification of modalities and offerings? And finally, how can we describe the process to introduce changes or new modalities or offerings in the MEP? This study used a descriptive/exploratory methodology, including interviews and documentary analysis. In terms of curricular and administrative management, the study found that there is no clear typification of these educational proposals, nor is there a clear process for the introduction, modification and closure of such educational options. The administrative and curricular management is complex, as it involves different departments within the MEP, which do not always have the necessary coordination, and that there are a number of possible processes to introduce, modify and close educational modalities and offerings, also budgets play a key role in the approval of such proposals. These findings are discussed in the light of the right of individuals to quality education and to fully develop their educational and professional potential.

Resumo: O retorno às atividades presenciais acendeu o alerta para o sedentarismo que se desenvolveu durante o período de confinamento, devido à inclinação ao conforto de permanecer no ambiente familiar. O manuscrito examina o impacto que a pandemia de Covid-19 teve nas instituições educacionais do sul do Peru. Após uma breve introdução, exploramos o medo desenvolvido em relação à interação presencial por parte dos principais agentes impulsionadores do corpus educacional e do desenvolvimento específico da educação nos Andes. Como ramificação da construção teórica, há entre os estudantes uma saudade do passado invernal abalado pelas ondas vibratórias do morcego de Wuhan, pois com o retorno à presencialidade, seu conforto na Internet e usar como desculpa o fato de estar num ambiente virtual para não cuidar de certas responsabilidades acadêmicas e domésticas não será mais possível. No âmbito do ensino, retoma-se o combate frontal aos múltiplos problemas educacionais do país abandonado há dois longos anos; finalmente, para os pais, abre-se no túnel da preocupação, a luz da esperança de ver novamente os filhos com o sagrado uniforme escolar.

Resumen El retorno a la presencialidad ha hecho sonar las alarmas del sedentarismo construido durante el confinamiento debido a la tendencia por la comodidad de no salir del nido. Este ensayo delibera la derivación que ha tenido la pandemia del COVID-19 en las instancias educativas en el sur del Perú. Tras una breve introducción, se aborda el miedo al cara a cara de los principales actores que dinamizan el corpus educacional y el desarrollo específico de la educación en los Andes. Como ramificación del constructo teórico, existe en las personas estudiantes la añoranza hacia el pasado invernal sacudido por las ondas vibratorias del murciélago de Wuhan, porque, con el retorno a la presencialidad, sus comodidades en la red de internet y la excusa de estar en clases virtuales para no ocuparse de ciertas responsabilidades académicas y domésticas ya no serán posibles. En cuanto a la esfera magisterial, se reanuda el combate frontal hacia los múltiples problemas educativos en el país, abandonado por dos largos años; finalmente, para el estrato de progenitores, se aparece en el túnel de la preocupación, la luz de esperanza de ver a sus hijos(as) nuevamente con el sagrado uniforme escolar.

Abstract: The return to presentiality has raised the alarms of the sedentary lifestyle that was built during the confinement and the tendency to the convenience of not leaving the nest. The manuscript explores the repercussions that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on educational institutions in Southern Peru. After a brief introduction, it addresses the face-to-face fear felt by the main actors in the educational corpus, also addressing the specific development of education in the Andes. As a ramification of the theoretical construct, students long for the winter past shaken by the vibrational waves of the Wuhan bat, because with the return to face-to-face, their comforts in the Internet network and the excuse of being in virtual classes to avoid taking care of certain academic and domestic responsibilities, will no longer be possible. As for the teachers’ sphere, the frontal fight against the multiple educational problems in the country, abandoned for two long years, will be resumed. Finally, regarding the parents’ stratum, a light of hope to see their children again wearing the sacred school uniform is starting to shine in a tunnel of worry

Abstract: For years, solar energy has been a subject of study for electricity generation as an alternative power source. The main objective of this project is to carry out a comparative analysis of the production of electrical energy between fixed photovoltaic panels and those with tracking systems on one axis. Three solar modules were designed and built with the same technical characteristics but different solar tracking systems; Single-axis tracking systems will use tracking systems by astronomical programming and light tracking by LDR sensors. Current, voltage and temperature sensors were implemented along with software capable of obtaining the characteristic curves of the production behavior in each prototype. The data processing, as well as the management of I/O signals coming from the different electronic components associated with the operation of each system, are governed by an Arduino mega board linked to an Ethernet module to be able to observe the curves of production from a website, all operating automatically. Therefore, we determined that the PV system by astronomical programming is the most convenient, due to its lower energy consumption when correcting the panel's position. Abstract years source axis Singleaxis Single Current prototype processing IO I O website automatically Therefore convenient panel s position

Resumen: Desde hace años la energía solar viene siendo motivo de estudio para la generación eléctrica como fuente de alimentación alternativa. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es realizar un análisis comparativo de la producción de energía eléctrica entre paneles fotovoltaicos fijos y con sistemas de seguimiento en un eje. Se diseño y construyó tres módulos solares con las mismas características técnicas, pero con diferentes sistemas de seguimiento solar; los sistemas seguidores de un eje utilizaron sistemas de seguimiento por programación astronómica y seguimiento de luz por sensores LDR. Se implementaron sensores de corriente, voltaje y temperatura, así como un software encargado de obtener las curvas características del comportamiento de la producción en cada prototipo. El procesamiento de los datos, así como la gestión de señales de E/S proveniente de los diferentes componentes electrónicos asociados al funcionamiento de cada sistema, son gobernados por una placa Arduino mega unida a un módulo ethernet con la finalidad de poder observar las curvas de producción desde un sitio web, todo esto operando de manera autómata. Por tanto, determinamos que el sistema FV por programación astronómica es el más conveniente, debido a su menor consumo energético al corregir la posición del panel. Resumen alternativa técnicas LDR corriente temperatura prototipo datos ES E S web autómata tanto conveniente panel

Abstract Through interviews, participant observation, and a collective dialogue meeting among women, the results of an investigation into the challenges, difficulties, and forms of violence faced by young rural women who are studying or have graduated from the Sustainable Agricultural Innovation Engineering program in Cuquío, Jalisco, are gathered and presented. Since their early years, these young women have confronted various forms of violence within the agro-industrial context in which they are situated. Some of these forms of violence are linked to sexist dynamics surrounding monoculture maize production, compounded by others associated with their rural youth and gender condition. These challenges are interdependently reproduced, accumulated, and intensified within their university experiences, leading to psychosocial distress, academic dropout, and hindrances in accessing career-related opportunities. This article aims to shed light on these situations -prior to, during, and after their university studies- analyzing them through a feminist lens to enable the recognition, focus, and analysis of the patriarchal facet within the agro-industry.

Resumen A través de entrevistas, observación participante y un encuentro para el diálogo colectivo entre mujeres, se recuperan y presentan los resultados de una indagación sobre las dificultades, retos y violencias que enfrentan las mujeres jóvenes rurales que estudian y han egresado de la carrera de Ingeniería en Innovación Agrícola Sustentable, en Cuquío, Jalisco. Estas jóvenes desde pequeñas han enfrentado diversas violencias en el contexto agroindustrial donde se desarrollan; algunas de ellas asociadas a dinámicas sexistas en torno a la producción en monocultivo de maíz, sumadas a otras ligadas a su condición juvenil rural y de género, las cuales se reproducen, acumulan y profundizan interseccionalmente en su universidad, generando malestar psicosocial y deserción escolar, así como dificultándoles e impidiéndoles el acceso a trabajos relacionados con su carrera profesional. El artículo pretende visibilizar tales situaciones -antes, durante y después de sus estudios universitarios-, analizándolas desde una perspectiva feminista que posibilite reconocer, enfocar y analizar la faceta patriarcal de la agroindustria.

Abstract: Since the 2011 revolution, Tunisia has undergone a transformative phase characterized by emerging models of governance that prioritize grassroots initiatives and community participation in local affairs. Despite its manifold challenges, this political renewal has unfolded during political, socioeconomic, and security crises. Through a case study of the commune of Mhamdia, this article aims to examine two key aspects: (1) how communes can approach built heritage amidst the presence of national, international, governmental, non-governmental, profit, and non-profit actors, and (2) how heritage management can pose challenges, occasionally leading to the destruction of historical elements. This qualitative analysis, rooted in practitioner research, explores shifting paradigms and evolving dynamics within traditional and novel practices, shedding light on their impact on built heritage. The results demonstrate that, similar to national players, local elites also leverage built heritage to fortify their legitimacy, albeit through different means.

Resumen: Desde la revolución de 2011, Túnez ha experimentado una fase transformadora caracterizada por modelos emergentes de gobernanza que priorizan las iniciativas de base y la participación comunitaria en los asuntos locales. Esta renovación política, a pesar de sus múltiples desafíos, se ha llevado a cabo en períodos de crisis recurrentes que abarcan los dominios político, socioeconómico y de seguridad. A través de un estudio de caso del municipio de Mhamdia, este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar dos aspectos fundamentales: (1) cómo las comunas pueden abordar el patrimonio construido en presencia de actores nacionales, internacionales, gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, lucrativos y sin fines de lucro, y (2) cómo la gestión del patrimonio puede ser desafiante y llevar en ocasiones a la destrucción de elementos históricos. Este análisis cualitativo, enraizado en la investigación práctica, busca explorar los paradigmas cambiantes y las dinámicas en evolución tanto en prácticas tradicionales como novedosas, arrojando luz sobre su impacto en el patrimonio construido. Los resultados demuestran que, al igual que los actores nacionales, las élites locales también aprovechan el patrimonio construido para fortalecer su legitimidad, aunque a través de medios diferentes.

BACKGROUND: Limited scientific evidence guides hand rehabilitation towards improved hand function, and safe early return to work. Grasp types, the subunits of object manipulation and the forces which may improve functional outcomes, have been identified as missing links that may inform rehabilitation after second to fifth metacarpal fractures, through progression of basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of the study was to collect ADL forces through grasp types to inform hand rehabilitation for second to fifth metacarpal fractures. METHODS: This cross-sectional, quantitative study included 32 conveniently sampled healthy adults aged 20 and 59 years. Thirty-one (31) ADLs, both basic and instrumental, each associated with a predominant grasp type, were tested. The participants donned two testing gloves, with force sensing resistors (FSRs) glued to the fingertips, the ADLs were performed, and forces measured. The researcher imported the force data into an Excel spreadsheet for both descriptive and inferential analyses with STATA. RESULTS: Fourteen males and 18 females, with a mean age of 37 years, participated. Statistically significant differences between genders were found for seven grasp types. Three thumb-adducted power palm grasps, three thumb-abduction precision pad grasps, and one thumb-abduction power palm grasp constituted the testing. Light and heavy ADLs and their associated grasp types were identified CONCLUSION: To ensure optimal hand function, early safe return to ADLs should be the goal of second to fifth metacarpal fracture rehabilitation and may be achieved by incorporating active grasp types as exercises with graded resisted grasp types and ADLs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: • Occupational therapists can incorporate grasp types in their observation during assessments of individuals who sustained second to fifth metacarpal fractures to determine the subcomponents of functional deficits. • Hand rehabilitation may be augmented by incorporating grasp types in isolation during unresisted active joint range of motion. • Occupational therapists, guided by the analysis of hand functioning, can incorporate ADLs with the predominant grasp types which may improve hand function. • Grasp force data may guide safe and early return to function.

Abstract The objectives are the analysis of the benefits and risks of LED lighting systems in the economic, social and environmental fields; as well as the evaluation of the political, economic and social conditions for the use of LED lighting systems in Cuba. The relationship between the advantages of this technology and the benefits offered by its application in different sectors of society and economy is deepened. Also, its impact on the lighting industry and off-grid communities in developing countries is discussed. In addition, the main risks involved in their use are exposed, identifying the related open research fields in this direction, and it demonstrates the importance of considering the risks of LED lighting in projects. Finally, the existing conditions in Cuba for the development of LED lighting and its contribution to sustainability and energy independence are presented.

Resumen El resultado de este trabajo trató sobre los beneficios y riesgos de los sistemas de iluminación LED en el ámbito económico, social y medioambiental y la valoración de las condiciones para su empleo en Cuba. Se profundiza en la relación de las ventajas de esta tecnología con los beneficios que ofrece su aplicación en diferentes sectores de la sociedad y la economía. También, se aborda su impacto en la industria de la iluminación y en las comunidades no conectadas a la red eléctrica en los países en desarrollo. Además, se exponen los principales riesgos que implica su utilización, identificando los campos de investigación abiertos relacionados en esta dirección, y se demuestra la importancia de considerar en los proyectos, los riesgos de la iluminación LED. Finalmente, se exponen las condiciones existentes en Cuba, para el desarrollo de la iluminación LED y su contribución a la sostenibilidad e independencia energética.

SIGNIFICANCE: The move away from LIBOR to new risk-free rates is crucial in finance. In this Commentary, I examine South Africa's readiness for transitioning from JIBAR to these new rates, especially regarding interest rate derivatives. I delve into how this shift impacts pricing, unique to South Africa's market. Using a mathematical model based on a 2 x 2 Wishart process, I analyse caplet pricing considering backward- and forward-looking rates. Comparing these caplet types reveals the complexities of pricing in this changing financial landscape. The insights shed light on challenges and opportunities for South Africa and the finance sector as JIBAR nears its end, emphasising the need for robust mathematical strategies in navigating this transition.