Resumen. La mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) es un recurso importante de subsistencia en mercados locales de Ecuador. Sin embargo, poco es sabido sobre la historia de vida temprana y la biología reproductiva de esta especie. En 2016 y 2017, se recolectaron larvas de E. currani en 3 playas arenosas en el Golfo de Guayaquil, Ecuador, y se identificaron usando códigos de barras de ADN. La longitud estándar de las larvas osciló entre 4.00 y 15.78 mm. También recolectamos otolitos para comprender mejor la historia de vida temprana de E. currani. Los otolitos se usaron para estimar la edad, la tasa de crecimiento de la población (±EE), las fechas de eclosión y la época reproductiva. En promedio, la edad de los peces fue de 16.5 ± 4.5 días, mientras que la tasa de crecimiento promedio fue de 0.70 ± 0.05 y 0.22 ± 0.16 mm por día en marzo y mayo, respectivamente. En el Golfo de Guayaquil, la mayoría de las fechas de eclosión y la actividad reproductiva presunta de E. currani ocurrió durante la época húmeda (diciembre-abril) cuando aguas más calidas prevalecieron. Hasta donde tenemos conocimiento, este es el primer estudio que estima las fechas de eclosión y la tasa de crecimiento larval para una especie de la familia Gerreidae en el Océano Pacífico.

Abstract. The flagfin mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) is an important subsistence fishery resource in local Ecuadorian markets; however, very little is known about the early life history and reproductive biology of this species. In 2016 and 2017, E. currani larvae were collected at 3 sandy beaches in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, and identified using DNA barcoding. Standard lengths ranged from 4.00-15.78 mm. We also collected otoliths to better understand the early life history of E. currani. Otoliths were used to estimate the age, population growth rate (±SE), hatch dates, and reproductive period. On average, the fish were 16.5 ± 4.5 days old, while the average growth rate was 0.70 ± 0.05 and 0.22 ± 0.16 mm per day in March and May, respectively. In the Gulf of Guayaquil, most hatch dates and the presumed reproductive activity of E. currani occurred during the wet season (December-April) when warmer water prevailed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the hatch dates and larval growth rate for a species of the family Gerreidae in the Pacific Ocean.

Abstract Much is discussed about the climatic changes associated with regional or global atmospheric phenomena. Empiric evidence, however, only sometimes supports such claims even though it is necessary to visualize the strength of their effects and their relevance for the management and conservation agendas of those biosystems supporting the modern lifestyle. This work conducted a time series analysis with monthly precipitation data from the Monte Alto Protected Zone in Hojancha, Costa Rica, between May 2013 and November 2022. A disruption in the temporal pattern was detected in the rainy season of 2017, and it took about two years to return to the state observed back in 2013. Such disruption was linked to a cold period of the ENSO phenomenon, colloquially known as “La Niña”, and followed by a second disruption with an effect lasting until this moment. The data presented herein suggests that ENSO directly affects the precipitation pattern in the Monte Alto Reserve, whose original conservation purpose was to provide drinking water to local populations. The oscillations in the hydrological cycle, apparently more frequent in the last years based on the local context of this analysis, influence the quality of life of the affected populations and deserve monitoring for proper documentation and quantification intended to increase human resilience by means of adaptation.

Resumen Mucho se habla de los cambios climáticos producto de fenómenos atmosféricos de orden regional y global; sin embargo, no siempre se cuenta con evidencia relacionada a ellos. Esta comprobación científica es necesaria para visualizar la dimensión de su efecto y para sentar las bases de manejo y conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos que sustentan el estilo de vida moderno. En este trabajo, se ha hecho un análisis de series de tiempo del registro mensual de precipitación de la Zona Protectora Monte Alto en Hojancha, Costa Rica, para el periodo entre mayo 2013 y noviembre 2022. Se ha descubierto que una disrupción del patrón temporal de precipitación durante la temporada lluviosa del año 2017 tomó alrededor de dos años para regresar a lo observado en el año 2013. Tal disrupción estuvo directamente vinculada con un periodo frío del fenómeno ENSO, conocido coloquialmente como “La Niña” y fue seguida por otra disrupción similar, cuyo efecto continuó hasta finales del 2022. Los datos acá presentados sugieren que el fenómeno ENSO tiene un efecto directo sobre la precipitación de la Zona Protectora Monte Alto, cuya función original en el contexto local es la de proveer agua potable a las comunidades aledañas. Las oscilaciones con variabilidad extrema en el ciclo hidrológico, aparentemente más frecuentes en los últimos años en el contexto local de este análisis, tienen un efecto real sobre la calidad de vida de las poblaciones afectadas y merecen seguir siendo documentadas y cuantificadas para incrementar la resiliencia por adaptación de las sociedades afectadas.

ABSTRACT Mechanization is of great relevance in the development of the agricultural sector, as a tool that facilitates agricultural activities with quality and speed and a significant increase in the productivity and competitiveness of this sector, in the case of the province of Manabí in Ecuador this aspect becomes more relevant because this sector has a substantial weight in its economic and social life. The objective of the research was to carry out a diagnosis of agricultural mechanization competencies in the cantons of the central zone of Manabí. The methodology used consisted of several stages, which made it possible to evaluate the factors that characterize the competencies of agricultural mechanization in the area under study: human factor, machinery, operating conditions and infrastructure and financing. For the collection of information, surveys based on the factors under analysis were prepared and applied to agricultural producers and owners/entrepreneurs who provide mechanization services in the central zone of Manabí. The results of the diagnosis in the selected sample show that only 41% of the agricultural activities are being carried out with the use of agricultural machinery and that 20% of the producers have their own means to carry out agricultural activities, among other relevant aspects. As a whole, the results allowed concluding that the agricultural mechanization skills in the central zone of the province of Manabí present undesirable low levels that limit its productivity.

RESUMEN La mecanización es de gran relevancia en el desarrollo del sector agrícola, como una herramienta que facilita las actividades agrícolas con calidad y rapidez y un incremento significativo de la productividad y competitividad de este sector, en el caso de la provincia de Manabí en Ecuador este aspecto se hace más relevante por tener este sector un peso sustancial en su vida económica y social. El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar un diagnóstico de las competencias de mecanización agrícola en los cantones de la zona central de Manabí. La metodología utilizada consta de varias etapas, las que permitieron evaluar los factores que caracterizan las competencias de la mecanización agrícola en la zona objeto de estudio: factor humano, maquinaria, condiciones de operación e infraestructura y financiamiento. Para la recolección de la información se elaboraron y aplicaron encuestas basada en los factores objetos de análisis dirigidas a los productores agrícolas y a los propietarios/empresarios prestadores de servicios de mecanización de la zona central de Manabí. Los resultados del diagnóstico en la muestra seleccionada muestran que solo el 41 % de las actividades agrícolas se están realizando con el uso de la maquinaria agrícola y que un 20 % de los productores tienen medios propios para realizar las actividades agrícolas, entre otros aspectos relevantes. En su conjunto, los resultados permitieron concluir que las competencias de mecanización agrícola en la zona central de la provincia de Manabí presentan niveles bajos no deseados que limitan su productividad.

Abstract We present a key to identify and an annotated list of lycophytes and ferns of the Immediate Geographical Region of São Luís, Maranhão State, which has ecotonal characteristics of Amazonian Forest, Cerrado, and Coastal Vegetation. Specimens were collected monthly between April 2020 and September 2022 in the 13 municipalities of this region. A total of 64 species were identified, including 61 species of ferns, in 18 families and 38 genera, and three species of lycophytes, in two genera and one family. The most representative families were Pteridaceae (18 species) and Polypodiaceae (nine species). The most recorded substrate of occurrence was terrestrial with 35 species (54.6%), followed by epiphytic with 15 species (23.4%), aquatic with four species (6.2%), rupicolous with three species (4.6%), and hemiepiphytic with two species (3.1%). Five species (7.8%) had more than one life form. This study expands the knowledge about the geographic distribution of fern and lycophyte species in the central region of Northern Maranhão, in Northeastern Brazil, which until now had several sampling gaps. Maranhão has a diversity that is still poorly reported and known compared to other states in South and Southeast Brazil. Therefore, floristic surveys are essential to increase what is known about the flora, especially in areas under anthropic pressure and places with few collections, such as the ecotonal areas in Maranhão. Luís State Forest Cerrado Vegetation 202 1 6 identified 3 family (1 nine species. . 54.6%, 546 54.6% , 54 (54.6%) 23.4%, 234 23.4% 23 4 (23.4%) 6.2%, 62 6.2% 2 (6.2%) 4.6%, 46 4.6% (4.6%) 3.1%. 31 3.1% (3.1%) 7.8% 78 7 8 (7.8% form Brazil gaps Therefore flora collections 20 ( 54.6 5 (54.6% 23.4 (23.4% 6.2 (6.2% 4.6 (4.6% 3.1 (3.1% 7.8 (7.8 54. (54.6 23. (23.4 6. (6.2 4. (4.6 3. (3.1 7. (7. (54. (23. (6. (4. (3. (7 (54 (23 (6 (4 (3 (5 (2

Resumo Apresentamos uma chave para a identificação e uma lista com detalhes das licófitas e samambaias da Região Geográfica Imediata de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão, que possui características ecotonais da Floresta Amazônica, Cerrado e Vegetação Litorânea. Os dados foram coletados mensalmente entre abril de 2020 e setembro de 2022 nos 13 municípios dessa região. Foram identificadas 64 espécies, incluindo 61 espécies de samambaias, em 18 famílias e 38 gêneros, e três espécies de licófitas, em dois gêneros e uma família. As famílias mais representativas foram Pteridaceae (18 espécies) e Polypodiaceae (nove espécies). O substrato de ocorrência mais registrado foi o terrestre com 35 espécies (54,6%), seguido do epifítico com 15 espécies (23,4%), aquático com quatro espécies (6,2%), rupícola com três espécies (4,6%) e hemiepifítico com duas espécies (3,1%). Cinco espécies (7,8%) apresentaram mais de uma forma de vida. Este estudo amplia o conhecimento sobre a distribuição geográfica de espécies de samambaias e licófitas na região central do norte do Maranhão, no Nordeste do Brasil, que até então possuía várias lacunas de amostragem. O Maranhão possui uma diversidade ainda pouco relatada e conhecida em comparação com outros estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Portanto, levantamentos florísticos são essenciais para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a flora, principalmente em áreas sob pressão antrópica e locais com poucas coletas, como as áreas ecotonais do Maranhão. Luís Amazônica Litorânea 202 1 6 3 família (1 nove espécies. . 54,6%, 546 54,6% , 54 (54,6%) 23,4%, 234 23,4% 23 4 (23,4%) 6,2%, 62 6,2% 2 (6,2%) 4,6% 46 (4,6% 3,1%. 31 3,1% (3,1%) 7,8% 78 7 8 (7,8% vida Brasil amostragem Portanto flora coletas 20 ( 54,6 5 (54,6% 23,4 (23,4% 6,2 (6,2% 4,6 (4,6 3,1 (3,1% 7,8 (7,8 54, (54,6 23, (23,4 6, (6,2 4, (4, 3, (3,1 7, (7, (54, (23, (6, (4 (3, (7 (54 (23 (6 (3 (5 (2

Resumen Correlativamente a su carácter absolutamente imprescindible en los procesos biofísicos, geológicos y atmosféricos de gestación y sostenimiento de la vida en la Tierra, las aguas son entidades que, al atravesar lo humano, adquieren -junto a sus usos materiales específicos- una vasta complejidad de configuraciones semióticas, axiológicas, espirituales y religiosas. Una inconmensurable diversidad de valores y modos de uso, de sentidos y simbolismos, caracterizan a los diferentes sistemas sociohidrológicos histórico-concretos que fueran emergiendo, acompañando y delineando la trayectoria pluriversal de la aventura humana en la Tierra. Pese a semejante diversidad y complejidad, habitamos un tiempo geológico y antropológicamente signado por la gravosa hegemonía del Agua Moderna; un tiempo de crisis sistémica y de emergencia de la sintomatología más cruda de los trastornos geosociometabólicos del Capitaloceno. La actual crisis hídrica mundial es una resultante del ahogamiento de aquella vasta historia pluriversal de sistemas hidrosociales por cuenta y cargo del Agua Moderna. En este contexto, el presente texto ofrece una exploración genealógica sobre la emergencia del Agua Moderna. Apoyándonos en la historia ambiental latinoamericana y en los recursos de la ecología política del Sur, proponemos indagar el Cerro Rico del Potosí como la zona hidro-geopolítica donde tuviera lugar las nacientes de las aguas capitalocénicas que hoy inundan nuestro tiempo-espacio-de-crisis. biofísicos Tierra humano junto específicos semióticas axiológicas religiosas uso simbolismos históricoconcretos histórico concretos emergiendo Moderna Capitaloceno contexto Sur hidrogeopolítica hidro geopolítica tiempoespaciodecrisis. tiempoespaciodecrisis espacio crisis. tiempo-espacio-de-crisis

Resumo Correlativamente ao seu caráter absolutamente essencial nos processos biofísicos, geológicos e atmosféricos de gestação e sustentação da vida na Terra, a água é uma entidade que, ao atravessar o ser humano, adquire - juntamente com seus usos materiais específicos - uma vasta complexidade de configurações semióticas, axiológicas, espirituais e religiosas. Uma diversidade imensurável de valores e modos de uso, de significados e simbolismos, caracteriza os diferentes sistemas sócio-hidrológicos histórico-concretos que surgiram, acompanhando e delineando a trajetória pluriversal da aventura humana na Terra. Apesar dessa diversidade e complexidade, habitamos um tempo geológica e antropologicamente marcado pela pesada hegemonia da Água Moderna; um tempo de crise sistêmica e de emergência da mais crua sintomatologia das convulsões geosociometabólicas do Capitaloceno. A atual crise hídrica global é resultado do afogamento dessa vasta história pluriversal de sistemas hidro-sociais pela Água Moderna. Nesse contexto, o presente texto oferece uma exploração genealógica do surgimento da Água Moderna. Com base na história ambiental latino-americana e nos recursos da ecologia política do Sul, propomos investigar o Cerro Rico del Potosí como a zona hidro-geopolítica onde ocorreram as fontes das águas capitalocênicas que hoje inundam nosso tempo-espaço de crise. biofísicos Terra humano semióticas axiológicas religiosas uso simbolismos sóciohidrológicos sócio hidrológicos históricoconcretos histórico concretos surgiram Moderna Capitaloceno hidrosociais hidro sociais contexto latinoamericana latino americana Sul hidrogeopolítica geopolítica tempoespaço espaço

Abstract Correlatively to their absolutely essential character in the biophysical, geological and atmospheric processes of gestation and sustenance of life on Earth, water is an entity that, as it crosses the human being, acquires - together with its specific material uses - a vast complexity of semiotic, axiological, spiritual and religious configurations. An immeasurable diversity of values and modes of use, of meanings and symbolisms, characterise the different socio-hydrological historical-concrete systems that have emerged, accompanying and delineating the pluriversal trajectory of the human adventure on Earth. Despite such diversity and complexity, we inhabit a time geologically and anthropologically marked by the burdensome hegemony of Modern Water; a time of systemic crisis and the emergence of the crudest symptomatology of the geosociometabolic upheavals of the Capitalocene. The current global water crisis is a result of the drowning of that vast pluriversal history of hydro-social systems by Modern Water. In this context, the present text offers a genealogical exploration of the emergence of Modern Water. Drawing on Latin American environmental history and the resources of the political ecology of the South, we propose to investigate the Cerro Rico del Potosí as the hydro-geopolitical zone where the sources of the capitalocenic waters that today flood our time-space-of-crisis took place. biophysical Earth being semiotic axiological configurations use symbolisms sociohydrological socio hydrological historicalconcrete historical concrete emerged Water Capitalocene hydrosocial hydro social context South hydrogeopolitical geopolitical timespaceofcrisis space place

ABSTRACT The Creation section has the objective of publish unpublished texts and materials by writers and/or artists, photographers, designers, as well as unpublished documents found in the USP IEB Archive. “Streets, houses, and gardens” brings together two stories about madness and death that explore the subtle zone of indistinctiveness between subjective life, urban transformations, and inherited objects. Rezende is a writer and a Music professor at the Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana. “Um bairro para se perder” employs a narrator in the Machadian style (SCHWARTZ, 2000), apparently impartial, to narrate a love story set in a constantly changing neighborhood, while “O canteiro” freely elaborates on the concept of lack based on the works of Freud (2011) and Lacan (1995). andor or artists photographers designers Archive Streets, Streets “Streets houses gardens life transformations objects LatinoAmericana. LatinoAmericana Latino Americana. Americana Latino-Americana Um perder SCHWARTZ, SCHWARTZ (SCHWARTZ 2000, 2000 , 2000) impartial neighborhood O canteiro 2011 (2011 1995. 1995 . (1995) 200 201 (201 199 (1995 20 (20 19 (199 2 (2 1 (19 ( (1

RESUMO A seção Criação tem por objetivo publicar textos e materiais inéditos de escritores e/ou artistas, fotógrafos, desenhistas, além de documentos inéditos encontrados no Arquivo do IEB/USP. “Ruas, casas e jardins” reúne dois contos sobre a loucura e a morte que exploram a sutil zona de indiferenciação entre a vida subjetiva, transformações urbanas e objetos herdados. Rezende é escritor e professor de Música na Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana. “Um bairro para se perder” se vale de um narrador ao estilo machadiano (SCHWARZ, 2000), aparentemente imparcial, para narrar uma história de amor ambientada em um local em constante transformação, enquanto “O canteiro” elabora livremente a figura da falta com base nas obras de Freud (2011) e Lacan (1995). eou ou artistas fotógrafos desenhistas IEBUSP IEB USP IEB/USP Ruas, Ruas “Ruas jardins subjetiva herdados LatinoAmericana. LatinoAmericana Latino Americana. Americana Latino-Americana Um perder SCHWARZ, SCHWARZ (SCHWARZ 2000, 2000 , 2000) imparcial transformação O canteiro 2011 (2011 1995. 1995 . (1995) 200 201 (201 199 (1995 20 (20 19 (199 2 (2 1 (19 ( (1

Abstract Stainless steels enjoy a favorable scenario for applications in various fields of engineering. The proper choice of welding parameters for these metals can result in greater productivity through increased equipment life. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of heat input on the microstructure present in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welded steel joints, through metallographic characterization and mechanical tests. The analyzed material is stainless steel plates, welded by the GMAW process, varying the thermal inputs. After this step, the plates were cut, prepared, metallographic analyses, mechanical tensile and bending tests performed. The quantification of phases presents in the heat-affected zone, of the three conditions experienced, 4.2 kJ/cm, 6.7 kJ/cm 9.1 kJ/cm and base metal, were carried out in this study, as well as the mechanical properties of the welded joints. It was verified that the cooling rates were not enough to cause significant microstructural changes in the balance of delta ferrite and martensite phases, found in the HAZ. As for the mechanical properties, they were stable in the tensile and bending tests, with no results that could prevent the application of the material because it was outside the resistance limit required by the application standards. engineering life Thus heataffected affected HAZ (HAZ joints process inputs step cut prepared analyses performed experienced 42 4 2 4. kJcm kJ cm 67 6 7 6. 91 9 1 9. metal study standards

Resumo Os aços inoxidáveis desfrutam de um cenário propicio para aplicações em variados campos da engenharia. A escolha adequada dos parâmetros de soldagem destes metais pode resultar numa maior produtividade através do aumento da vida útil dos equipamentos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a influência do aporte térmico na microestrutura presente na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC) das juntas soldadas do aço, através de caracterização metalográfica e ensaios mecânicos. O material analisado são chapas de aço inoxidáveis, soldadas pelo processo GMAW, variando os aportes térmicos. Após essa etapa, as chapas foram cortadas, preparadas, realizadas análises metalográficas, ensaios mecânicos de tração e dobramento. A quantificação de fases presentes na zona afetada pelo calor, das três condições experimentadas, 4,2 kJ/cm, 6,7 kJ/cm 9,1 kJ/cm e metal base, foram realizadas nesse estudo, como também as propriedades mecânicas das juntas soldadas. Verificado que as taxas de resfriamento não foram suficientes para provocar mudanças microestruturais significativas no balanço das fases ferrita e martensita, encontradas na ZAC. Já às propriedades mecânicas prevaleceram estáveis nos ensaios de tração e dobramento, não havendo resultados que poderiam vir a impedir a aplicação do material por estar fora do limite de resistência exigido pelas normas de aplicação. engenharia equipamentos Assim ZAC (ZAC GMAW térmicos etapa cortadas preparadas metalográficas dobramento experimentadas 42 4 2 4, kJcm kJ cm 67 6 7 6, 91 9 1 9, base estudo martensita

This article aims to address the importance of Black Theology of Liberation mainly focussing on the unheard cry of people living with disabilities. Black Theology in its origin is linked to communities of black oppressed beings; its task is to seriously consider the experiences and situation of those who reside in the zone of non-being. In this article, people living with disabilities represent those who reside underside modernity and history, which simply entails that people living with disabilities lack the quality of being recognised as human beings, but as sub-humans who are lifeless. Some scholars of Black Theology eloquently wrestles with the lifelessness fruit which the empire continues to bear by arguing that the Black Theology of Liberation is a theology that aims to give life to victims of lifelessness. It is argued that people living with disabilities in black communities experience a lack of accessibility to transportation, the health sector, education, and building infrastructures in South Africa. The lack of accessibility to opportunities and resources for people living with disabilities portrays a denial of human rights and equality; it instead, promotes the state of lifelessness to people living with disabilities. CONTRIBUTION: The article adopts 'The Cry for Life' declaration which stresses the affirmation of life to all human beings despite their disabilities. The cry for impilo [life] by people living with disabilities is what makes Black Theology an epistemological tool that is derived from below in the search for impilo.

Resumen (Introducción): La restauración ecológica es una prioridad global para recuperar la biodiversidad y alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Desde su creación en el año 2000, la Reserva Natural Madre Verde en Costa Rica ha sido un modelo en este sentido. En 2005 se realizó una caracterización de las comunidades vegetales presentes: pastizal, charral, cultivo abandonado, área dominada por burío, bosque secundario denso, bosque secundario ralo y dos remanentes de bosque maduro. (Objetivo): En 2020 se repitió el estudio, excluyendo los remanentes de bosque maduro, con el fin de evaluar los cambios en la vegetación después de 15 años de restauración. (Metodología): Se identificaron las especies de árboles, se calcularon índices de riqueza y diversidad y se elaboraron perfiles de vegetación en cada tipo de comunidad. (Resultados): Los mayores cambios en los índices de riqueza y diversidad, composición y estructura vertical de la vegetación se observaron en las zonas de pastizal que fueron sometidas a reforestación activa. Además, se registraron cambios importantes en el charral y en la zona dominada por burío. Los menores cambios se dieron donde ya existía algún tipo de bosque secundario relativamente maduro debido a la sombra creada por los árboles. (Conclusiones): En todos los sitios predominan las especies pioneras nativas de esta zona de vida, lo que garantiza el proceso natural de regeneración. Estos resultados permiten conocer los avances en la restauración y saber cuáles son las especies más adecuadas para reforestar otras áreas similares y asegurar la recuperación del bosque secundario de manera más rápida y efectiva.

Abstract (Introduction): Ecological restoration is a global priority for recovering biodiversity and achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Since its creation in 2000, the Madre Verde Natural Reserve in Costa Rica has been a model in this regard. In 2005, a characterization of the present vegetation communities was conducted, including grassland, shrubland, abandoned crop, area dominated by burío, dense secondary forest, sparse secondary forest, and two remnants of mature forest. (Objective): In 2020, the study was repeated, excluding the remnants of mature forest, to evaluate changes in vegetation after 15 years of restoration. (Methodology): Tree species were identified, richness and diversity indices were calculated, and vegetation profiles were developed for each community type. (Results): The greatest changes in vegetation richness and diversity indices, composition, and vertical structure were observed in grassland areas that underwent active reforestation. Additionally, significant changes were recorded in shrubland, and the area dominated by burío. The least changes were observed where some type of relatively mature secondary forest already existed due to the shade created by the trees. (Conclusions): Pioneering native species from this life zone predominate in all sites, ensuring the natural regeneration process. These results allow us to know the advances in restoration and which species are most suitable for reforesting other similar areas and ensuring the recovery of secondary forest more quickly and effectively.

Abstract. This article presents the analysis of narratives of elderly people living in a highly marginalized neighborhood in the municipality of Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico, in order to observe the relationship between life course and aging in conditions of urban poverty. The results of the interviews with five older men and five older women indicate that they transitioned from rural to urban precarity, without managing to improve their living conditions in spite of the prospects that migration from the countryside to the city implied. The main limitation of the study is that the results cannot be generalized with statistical confidence. However, the aging processes are analyzed in detail from a psychosocial, environmental, and cultural point of view, considering the life trajectories related to the highly vulnerable conditions in which they face old age, resulting from the perpetuation of structural poverty.

Resumen. Con objeto de observar la relación entre curso de vida y envejecimiento en condiciones de pobreza urbana, el artículo analiza narrativas de personas mayores residentes en una colonia con alto nivel de marginación del municipio de Ixtapaluca, Estado de México. Los resultados de las entrevistas a cinco hombres y cinco mujeres mayores indican que transitaron de la precariedad rural a la urbana sin lograr mejorar sus condiciones de vida a pesar de los esfuerzos que implicó la migración del campo a la ciudad. La principal limitación del estudio es que los resultados no pueden generalizarse con niveles de confianza estadísticos. Sin embargo, se examinan detalladamente procesos de envejecimiento desde el punto de vista psicosocial, ambiental y cultural, considerando el entramado de trayectorias vitales relacionadas con las condiciones de alta vulnerabilidad en las que se afronta la vejez, resultantes de la perpetuación de la pobreza estructural.

Abstract. The results of the oriented research project “Daily life and access to rights in prison” are presented here. Traces of senses” whose central objective was to deepen the knowledge and analysis of the conditions of daily life in the prisons of the central zone of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Through collective qualitative investigation, it was proposed to identify and characterize the traces in the subjective construction of the people who pass through the academic and extension programs of the National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires as a way of assessing the presence and task of the University in this territory. As an emerging issue, aspects related to access to work in detention and its projection to return to life in freedom were identified.

Resumen. Este trabajo presenta resultados del proyecto de investigación orientada “Vida cotidiana y acceso a derechos en la cárcel. Trazas de sentidos”, cuyo objetivo central fue profundizar en el conocimiento y análisis de las condiciones de la vida diaria de las cárceles de la zona centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Con un corte cualitativo, se propuso identificar y caracterizar las trazas en la construcción subjetiva de las personas que asisten a los programas académicos y de extensión de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires como modo de valorar la presencia y tarea de la universidad en este territorio. Como tema emergente, se identificaron aspectos vinculados al acceso al trabajo en la detención y su proyección al regreso a la vida en libertad.

Resumen Las condiciones de trabajo y la calidad de vida laboral en el personal de salud han experimentado importantes cambios en la actualidad. Al respecto, el equipo de salud debe ser capaz de desempeñar nuevos y cada vez más complejos desafíos para afrontar los cambios suscitados. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue explicar el efecto moderador de la autoeficacia profesional sobre la influencia entre condiciones de trabajo subjetivas y calidad de vida laboral de los integrantes del equipo de las unidades de salud de primer y segundo nivel de atención de la Zonal 9 de la cuidad de Quito, Ecuador. El diseño de la investigación fue correlacional y comparativo, en el que participaron 223 miembros del equipo de salud de dos niveles de atención de la Zonal 9 de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador. Se encontró que la variable Condiciones de Trabajo Subjetivas, fue evaluada por los encuestados como “buena”; mientras que la variable Calidad de Vida Laboral fue estimada como “media”. Al comparar categorías ocupacionales, se encontró que en el factor “estrés en el trabajo”, los médicos presentaron los mayores niveles. La variable Autoeficacia Profesional, obtuvo el concepto de “alta”. Se evidenció diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de atención, siendo más alta la autoeficacia en el primer nivel de atención. Respecto a la autoeficacia profesional no se pudo determinar el efecto moderador entre las condiciones de trabajo subjetivas y calidad de vida laboral.

Abstract The working conditions and the quality of work life in health personnel have undergone important changes today. In this regard, the health team must be able to perform new and increasingly complex challenges to face the changes that have arisen. The objective of this research was to explain the moderating effect of professional self-efficacy on the influence between subjective working conditions and quality of working life of the team members of the first and second level health care units of Zone 9 of the city of Quito, Ecuador. The research design was correlational and comparative, in which 223 members of the health team from two levels of care in Zone 9 of the city of Quito, Ecuador participated. It was found that the Subjective Working Conditions variable was evaluated by the respondents as "good"; while the variable Quality of Work Life was estimated as "average". When comparing occupational categories, it was found that in the "stress at work" factor, doctors presented the highest levels. The Professional Self-efficacy variable obtained the concept of "high". A statistically significant difference was found between the levels of care, with higher self-efficacy at the first level of care. Regarding professional self-efficacy, it was not possible to determine the moderating effect between subjective working conditions and quality of working life.

ABSTRACT The argument we develop in this article is that crime, church, private companies, and social movements are the main subjects that operate extensions of the violence of urbanization in the periphery of São Paulo. This violence is mediated, first, by private property as the foundation of living in the capitalist city; second, by the State and urban planning as reproducers of real estate valorization and socio-spatial segregation; and third, by the damage of everyday life permeated by the urban deprivation. Therefore, a shared hegemony of everyday life takes shape, articulated by the land issue at the center of disputes for order. This hypothesis arises from ethnographic research carried out since 2017 in favelas in the East Zone of São Paulo. crime church companies Paulo mediated first city second sociospatial socio spatial segregation third deprivation Therefore shape order 201 20 2

RESUMO A tese que desenvolvemos neste artigo é que crime, igreja, empresas e movimentos sociais operam prolongamentos da violência da urbanização nas periferias de São Paulo. Essa violência é mediada, primeiro, pela propriedade privada como fundamento do habitar na cidade capitalista; segundo, pelo Estado e pelo planejamento urbano como operadores e reprodutores da valorização imobiliária e da segregação socioespacial; terceiro, pelo dano de uma vida cotidiana transpassada pela privação do urbano que se manifesta na proliferação de estratégias do empreendedorismo popular. Nessa mediação, concretiza-se uma hegemonia compartilhada da cotidianidade, articulada pela problemática fundiária no centro das disputas pela ordem. Tal hipótese surge de pesquisa etnográfica realizada desde 2017 em favelas da Zona Leste de São Paulo. crime igreja Paulo mediada primeiro capitalista segundo socioespacial terceiro popular mediação concretizase concretiza cotidianidade ordem 201 20 2

Resumen En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una primera aproximación al análisis del efecto moderador del contexto social, cultural y geográfico en indicadores subjetivos del envejecimiento saludable en personas mayores de 46 años residentes en territorios con características diferenciadas en Costa Rica. Se trabajó con una muestra de 305 personas residentes en tres áreas geográficas: una urbana, una semiurbana y una tercera principalmente rural. La diferenciación de las tres zonas se basó en criterios de densidad poblacional, infraestructura y acceso a bienes y servicios. Los indicadores subjetivos del envejecimiento saludable analizados fueron: participación social, apoyo social, salud percibida, espiritualidad, autoeficacia, comportamientos de autocuidado, bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción con la vida y bienestar psicológico) y estado de ánimo; todas las variables fueron condicionadas por zona de residencia, edad y sexo. Para analizar los indicadores subjetivos se estimó un análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) o un análisis multivariado de covarianza (MANCOVA), dependiendo del número de variables dependientes analizadas. En general, se identificaron indicadores subjetivos de envejecimiento saludable altos en las personas participantes del estudio, quienes reportaron altos niveles de participación social, satisfacción con la vida y estados de salud y ánimo positivos. Se encontraron diferencias por edad entre los grupos. Sin embargo, no se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los indicadores subjetivos analizados según la zona de residencia o el sexo. En síntesis, este estudio encontró que los indicadores subjetivos de envejecimiento saludable analizados eran muy similares en residentes de tres zonas geográficas con características distintas. Estos hallazgos iniciales se discuten desde una perspectiva cultural y geográfica y en relación con los modelos de envejecimiento saludable.

Abstract This review exposes the results of a first approximation to the analysis of the moderator effect of the geographical, social, and cultural context on subjective indicators of healthy aging in the Costa Rican context. Costa Rica is a middle-income democratic country that is in an advanced demographic changing process; this phenomenon makes it one of the aged countries in the Latin American region. Therefore, studying healthy aging becomes relevant in the context of population demographic change in the present and future aging societies. The study compared several subjective indicators of healthy aging among people older than 46 who resided in three different geographical areas in the country. Participants were 305 healthy people from three locations: one urban (Heredia Central City), one semi-urban (Santa Ana Central City), and one mainly rural (Nicoya). Participants completed standardized assessment scales to evaluate social participation, social support, perceived health, spirituality, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and subjective well-being (life satisfaction and psychological well-being). All variables were conditioned by geographical zone (urban, semi-urban, and mainly rural), age, and gender. Either Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) or Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were estimated depending on the number of dependent variables analyzed to test the effect of the zone of residence, gender, and age, over the subjective indicator of healthy aging studied. In general, participants evidenced high scores on subjective indicators such as self-care, social support, spirituality, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being, which have been associated with health and well-being during the aging process. Participants reported high levels of social participation and perceived that they received adequate support for their daily life needs. Likewise, participants evidenced a general state of well-being, a positive state of health, high levels of self-efficacy, and positive moods. Differences were found among the groups by comparing age. However, no significant differences were found in the variables studied related to geographical areas of residence and sex, suggesting invariant comparison evidence by zone of residence and sex. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the subjective indicators of healthy aging studied are key to promoting healthy aging at the national level. It is considered necessary to improve opportunities for social participation aimed at older adults, to strengthen community and family social networks, to promote socio-economic support such as financial and instrumental support for activities of daily living, and finally emotional support such as listening, empathy and advice. Although the differences among geographical areas of residence of the people studied were not statistically significant in this study, the evidence suggested a trend of high well-being indicators mainly in the rural areas studied, and particularly more in males than in females. As this study only reached preliminary data, further research must obtain conclusive evidence, as previous research had suggested older people living in rural areas with high longevity indicators in Costa Rica might enjoy unusual environmental characteristics and personal protective factors that could be absent in most of the urban areas in the country. On the other hand, it will be necessary to include the historical and socio-cultural determinants focusing on context-specific review analyses in the mainstream research on healthy aging, even more in aged countries like Costa Rica. The findings are discussed within the inter-cultural emphasis and healthy aging models in order to contribute to a better understanding of how the context (physical-constructed and social/cultural) influences the differences, although subtle, in the study´s variables and participants, and how the process of aging might be different according to the multiple contextual conditions in which people live and adapt their capacities and abilities for coping with daily life demands.

Resumen Antecedentes: la pandemia por COVID-19 afectó el bienestar definido como la evaluación cognitiva y afectiva de aspectos de la vida. Las redes semánticas del bienestar subjetivo formaron modelos mentales para el estudio con grafos. Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el bienestar subjetivo de habitantes de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Método: con muestras equivalentes de 2018 y 2021 (N = 342, hombres 37%, mujeres 63%), mayores de 18 años ( x - = 34.05 años, d.e. = 12.5 años), habitantes de la ZMCDMX, quienes respondieron un cuestionario con un formato para redes semánticas (incluyó consentimiento informado). Se analizaron medidas de tendencia central de grafos para los años 2018 y 2021. Resultados: entre los años 2018 y 2021, los nodos tuvieron una organización que mostró diferencias en los elementos de centralidad e intermediación, foco, agrupamiento y modularidad. El bienestar tuvo un mayor contenido emocional en los elementos centrales. La familia y el trabajo mostraron un menor efecto en el bienestar. Discusión y conclusiones: durante la pandemia los recursos materiales, las relaciones de calidad basadas en el respeto y la oportunidad para prevenir los riesgos ante la pandemia con la tranquilidad como guía apoyaron el alcanzar la salud y ulteriormente, el bienestar.

Abstract Background: the COVD-19 pandemic imposed changes in the daily life affecting also the well-being, defined as the cognitive and affective evaluation of one’s life. The semantic networks were useful to study differences, as they represent mental models in graphs. Objective: To determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of inhabitants of the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City. Method: equivalent samples of years 2018 and 2021 (total N = 342, men 37%, women 63%), 18 years and older ( x - = 34.05 years, s.d. = 12.5 years), inhabitants of the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City responded to a questionnaire which included a semantic network section (it included informed consent). Analysis reported central tendency measures for the graphs of 2018 and 2021. Results: well-being for the years 2018 and 2021 had differences within the organization and had statistically significant differences in betweenness-centrality, hub, clustering, and modularity indices. Well-being had more emotional contents within the higher degree nodes. The relationships (family and work) lessened their effect over well-being. Discussion and conclusions: during the pandemic, material resources, quality of the relationships, and the opportunities to prevent risks of contagion having the tranquility as a main guideline were salient for people to achieve health and ultimately, well-being.