RESUMEN Este estudio pretende analizar la opinión y percepción de los agentes educativos portugueses sobre la integración de la educación socioemocional en las escuelas portuguesas. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a agentes educativos de diferentes niveles educativos, áreas científicas y regiones de Portugal. Aunque las últimas investigaciones indican que la educación socioemocional contribuye al éxito académico, a una mejor preparación para los retos de la vida, a la protección de la salud y a la creación de entornos de aprendizaje positivos, en Portugal, la educación socioemocional sigue desatendida. Según los participantes en el estudio, para integrar la educación socioemocional es necesario cambiar los planes de estudio, universalizar e invertir en el desarrollo de los conocimientos y el nivel socioemocional de los profesores, aumentar el apoyo social en la escuela, cambiar la organización escolar, y transformar el entorno en el que se debaten y deciden las políticas educativas.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the opinion and perception of Portuguese educational agents on the integration of socio-emotional education in Portuguese schools. To this end, semi-structured interviews were carried out with educational agents from different levels of education, scientific areas and regions of Portugal. Although the latest research indicates that socio-emotional education contributes to academic success, better preparation for life's challenges, health protection and the creation of positive learning environments, socio-emotional education continues to be neglected in Portugal. According to the participants in the study, in order to integrate socio-emotional education it is necessary to change curricula, universalise and invest in the development of teachers' knowledge and socio-emotional level, increase social support at school, change the school organisation, and transform the environment in which education policies are discussed and decided.

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a opinião e perceção dos agentes educativos portugueses sobre a integração da educação socioemocional na escola portuguesa. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a agentes educativos de diferentes níveis do ensino, áreas científicas e regiões de Portugal. Embora a investigação mais recente indique que a educação socioemocional contribui para o sucesso académico, para uma melhor preparação para os desafios da vida, para a proteção da saúde e para criação de ambientes de aprendizagem positivos, em Portugal, a educação socioemocional continua a ser negligenciada. Segundo os participantes no estudo, para a integração da educação socioemocional é necessário alterar os currículos, universalizar e investir no desenvolvimento do conhecimento e nível socioemocional dos docentes, aumentar o suporte social na escola, alterar a organização escolar e transformar o ambiente de discussão e decisão das políticas de educação.

Hierdie sewe-jaar longitudinale opvoedingstudie evalueer drie akademiese afleweringsmodusse vir deeltydse MBA-studente in hul Bemarkingsbestuursmodule, naamlik vol kontak (20172019), vol aanlyn tydens COVID-19 se harde inperking (2020-2021 en die daaropvolgende gemengde modus (2022-2023). Die studie het ten doel om te bepaal of die afleweringsmodus studente se akademiese prestasie beduidend beïnvloed. Die eenrigting-variansie-analise (EVA) het beduidende verskille tussen die afleweringsmodusse vir individuele opdragte (normatiewe assessering) en groepgevallestudies (summatiewe assessering) geïdentifiseer. Daar was ook betekenisvolle verskille tussen die akademiese prestasie ten opsigte van die finale saamgestelde portefeulje van kennis (wat as eksamen dien). Hierdie portefeulje bestaan uit 'n prakties-toegepaste bemarkingsplan. Die post-hoc toetse het getoon dat studente aansienlik beter gevaar het tydens die gemengde afleweringsmodus in individuele opdragte, terwyl die volledige aanlyn modus laer punte vir die groepgevallestudies gehad het. Beide die gemengde en volledige kontakmodusse het beduidende opeenvolgende verbetering vir die groepgevallestudies getoon, wat in elke gevallestudie verbetering getoon het namate die semester gevorder het. Dit verskil van volledige aanlyn onderrig. Die gemengde modus het ook aansienlik beter gevaar in die eksamen- en finale modulepunte en het selfs beter gevaar as volkontakklasse.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed the tertiary education landscape. Traditional contact universities were forced abruptly to adopt a full-distance education mode, a situation neither the students nor lecturers were prepared for. Many lectures and teaching activities were developed on the fly as universities struggled to roll out the needed support in double-time for lecturers and students. This new normal for education required integrating technology, advanced communication software, revised assessment techniques, and recognising the need for flexible and adaptable approaches to teaching and learning. Students also evolved and gained technological proficiency, adaptability, time management, soft skills, social media proficiency, and an awareness of health and well-being. Albeit uncertain in redefining the new normal, universities continue to provide quality education. However, exactly how university education should be delivered to a new breed of students in a new business environment is a challenge. This is even more so in the case of executive MBA students. After the hard lockdown and restrictions were lifted on 21 September 2020, the North-West University Business School started to explore other modes of academic content delivery. Reinstating a full contact delivery mode was not an option because of remaining restrictions. High technological investment, online-educated lecturers and students, and benefits and developments during online learning now form a new normal for the Business School. Which teaching method, or rather, which mode of delivery, is the most relevant and adequate? Should the MBA lectures return to the historic full-contact delivery mode, stick with the newly established full online mode, or attempt to integrate the benefits of both into a hybrid mode of delivering business education to a new breed of technology-savvy students? This study, therefore, examines the academic performance of the different delivery modes by comparing data of Executive MBA Marketing management students at the NWU Business School in South Africa. The study examines the academic performance of these students from 2017 up to 2023. The panel database consists of Executive MBA students'marks for the module in Marketing Management from 2017 up to 2023. The database contains marks for individual assignments, groupwork case studies, final individual- and groupwork marks, exam marks and the final module mark. The final assessment is a portfolio of evidence comprising a detailed marketing plan for a product, service, or organisation of choice. The mode of delivery served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables comprised the marks for each assignment (groupwork, individual and portfolio of evidence). Three delivery modes were compared, namely full-contact (2017-2019), full-online (2020-2021), and the post-pandemic hybrid mode currently in effect (2022-2023). The data comprised 630 cases. However, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) used 532 cases to compare the different groupwork assignments (230 full-contact students, 159 full-online students, and 143 hybrid students). Cronbach's alpha coefficient measured the data's reliability, and one-way ANOVA determined significant differences (p<.05) between the academic performance of the three delivery modes. The analysis confirmed that significant differences exist between the modes of delivery for individual assignments, group case studies and exams (p<.05). The Tukey ab post-hoc tests showed that students performed significantly better during the hybrid delivery mode in individual assignments (69.2%) than full contact (63.8%). Regarding the individual assignment, the full online (63.8%) and full contact (63.7%) delivery modes perform significantly worse than the hybrid (69.2%) delivery mode. Regarding the first group case study (Group Assignment 1), full online performs (67.3%) significantly worse than hybrid (71.1%) and full contact (73.6%) delivery modes. There is no significant difference between the hybrid and full contact delivery modes. In the second, third, and fourth group case studies (Group Assignments 2, 3 & 4), the hybrid delivery mode (82.37%, 75.4%, 82.7%) outperforms the full contact (75.4, 80.1%, 86.6%) and full-online (71.4%, 71.4%, 67.8%) modes. The hybrid delivery mode, therefore, proves to be more conducive towards academic performance in group work. Finally, in considering the final module mark, the hybrid delivery mode (71.0%) is significantly higher than the other two delivery modes. However, there is no significant difference between full online (67.5%) and full-contact (67.2%) delivery modes regarding the final module mark. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the better performance in the final module marks is a function of the groupwork where the students analysed case studies together. There are no significant differences in the exam marks between the delivery modes, so better academic performance in the hybrid mode of delivery where groupwork is concerned culminates in the better module mark. Based on the findings, it is evident that the hybrid mode of delivery results in the best academic performance. This observation is based on three reasons, namely 1) students performed better in both the normative and summative assessments during hybrid tuition; 2) there is continuous progressive learning throughout the semester regarding the group case studies (summative assessment). They learn to improve and hone their skills to analyse better and apply business solutions to real-life problems experienced by organisations. This is based on students' improving marks in the group case studies as they become more proficient in analysing and answering the applied case studies because they learn from each case study; and 3) the students perform better academically in their normative assessments and earn higher final module marks (partially due to reason 2). It is concluded that the hybrid delivery mode facilitates the academic performance of post-pandemic executive MBA Marketing management students. JEL KODES: I23, I21, M30

School-related Gender-based Violence (SRGBV) is a sub-set of gender-based violence (GBV) that occurs in primary and secondary school settings. SRGBV is a daunting reality, a crime against humanity, and therefore a human rights issue. Responsive SRGBV programmes need to be dynamic, and determined by the needs of communities and learners. If the Department of Basic Education (DBE) wants to remain relevant in supporting communities into becoming safe spaces for all, it needs to promote safe community models with adequate flexibility. Although school-based occupational therapists are a human resource of the DBE, traditionally occupational therapists have not been involved in addressing SRGBV in school settings in South Africa. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This opinion paper elaborates on the context within which school-based occupational therapists can reframe SRGBV as an occupational injustice, and develop life skills interventions that address SRGBV. Recommendations for action are made using existing frameworks such as the Participatory Occupational Justice Framework, and the INSPIRE framework of the United Nations. It encourages school-based occupational therapists to become activists that promote occupational justice, and are leaders in the prevention of and intervention for SRGBV.

ABSTRACT The research entitled Approach by competencies - Perspectives for the implementation of the credit system in Higher Education in Paraguay, aims to analyze the situation of the approach by competencies and its relationship with the perspective for the implementation of the credit system in Paraguay. Methodologically it had a mixed, analytical approach; The population was made up of teachers from the National University of Itapúa, from the Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Guaraní Culture. Totaling 50 teachers and the sample 45 teachers. Among the most notable results, it was determined that 59% of teachers stated that a competency-based curriculum allows for more active learning; and the same percentage stated that it helps students solve life problems; Another important fact to highlight is that 78% of teachers take into account the three dimensions: cognitive, procedural and attitudinal. Regarding the linking of the credit system with the competency-based approach, it has been consulted, according to his perception as a university professional, when transferring the current curriculum to the Higher Education Credit System (SCES) whether it will improve educational quality at this level; The response was quite varied, with 37% stating that they somewhat agreed, while 30% strongly agreed and 22% neither agreed nor disagreed. In conclusion, from the teaching perspective, the competency-based approach is related to the implementation of the credit system in Paraguay.

Resumen La investigación titulada Enfoque por competencias - Perspectivas para la implementación del sistema de créditos en la Educación Superior en el Paraguay, tiene por objetivo analizar la situación del enfoque por competencias y su relación con la perspectiva para la implementación del sistema de créditos en Paraguay. Metodológicamente tuvo un enfoque mixto, de tipo analítica; la población estuvo compuesta por docentes de la Universidad Nacional de Itapúa, de la Facultad de Humanidades, Ciencias Sociales y Cultura Guaraní. Totalizando 50 docentes y la muestra 45 docentes. Entre los resultados más resaltantes se ha determinado que, el 59 % de los docentes manifestaron que un currículo basado en competencias permite un aprendizaje más activo; y un mismo porcentaje manifestó que sirve a los estudiantes para solucionar problemáticas de la vida; otro dato importante a resaltar es que el 78 % de los docentes tiene en cuenta las tres dimensiones: cognitiva, procedimental y actitudinal. Respecto a la vinculación del sistema de créditos con el enfoque por competencias se ha consultado, según su percepción como profesional universitario, al pasar el currículo actual al Sistema de Créditos en la Educación Superior (SCES) si va mejorar la calidad educativa en este nivel; la respuesta fue bastante variada, siendo que el 37% manifestó estar algo de acuerdo, mientras que el 30 % estar muy de acuerdo y el 22% ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo. En conclusión, desde la perspectiva docente el enfoque por competencias guarda relación con la implementación del sistema de créditos en Paraguay.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem. Its most serious manifestation, chronic kidney failure, affects the Cuban context and determines the growth of patients on hemodialysis. The objective of the text is to evaluate the main results of the diagnosis and characterization of the problematic situation in a psychosocial study with patients with Chronic Renal Failure in the Hemodialysis room of the Florida municipality, of the county of Camagüey. Method: It is an experimental participatory action research, which takes place between January 2023 and December 2024, which constitutes the output of the research project System of psychosocial actions for the improvement of comprehensive care for patients with non-communicable diseases. The universe is made up of 56 patients and the sample is made up of 22, who receive purifying and conservative treatment, 22 family members and 12 service professionals. The research instrument par excellence was the participant survey. Results: The age of the patients is not definitive of an age group; men predominate; A high percentage of patients are found to have low tolerance for adherence to treatment and insufficient development of psychosocial skills and declare the need to possess knowledge to achieve health states that lead to survival. Discussion: There is no coincidence with what was found in the determination of the prevalence age groups for the disease, but specialists insist that the disease is not exclusive to a specific period of life; recognize the importance of the patient's knowledge of risk factors for prevention, promotion and health education and highlight the need for communication and empathy between health personnel and the patient, to achieve favorable results and emotional states in the face of the disease and treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de salud a nivel mundial, su manifestación más grave, la insuficiencia renal crónica, incide en el contexto cubano y determina el crecimiento de pacientes en hemodiálisis. El objetivo del texto es valorar los principales resultados del diagnóstico y caracterización de la situación problémica en un estudio de carácter psicosocial con pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica en la sala de Hemodiálisis del municipio Florida, de la provincia de Camagüey. Método: Es una investigación-acción participativa de corte experimental, que se desarrolla entre enero 2023 y diciembre del 2024 la cual constituye salida del proyecto de investigación Sistema de acciones psicosociales para el perfeccionamiento de la atención integral a los pacientes con enfermedades no transmisibles. El universo está constituido por 56 pacientes y la muestra por 22, que reciben tratamiento depurador y conservador, 22 familiares y 12 profesionales del servicio. El instrumento de investigación por excelencia fue la encuesta a participantes. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes no es definitiva de un grupo etario; predominan los hombres; se constata un elevado por ciento de pacientes con poca tolerancia a la adherencia al tratamiento e insuficiente desarrollo de las habilidades psicosociales y declaran la necesidad de poseer conocimientos para lograr estados de salud que conlleven a la sobrevida. Discusión: No existe coincidencia con lo constatado en la determinación de los grupos etarios de prevalencia para la enfermedad, pero los especialistas insisten en que la enfermedad no es privativa de un período de vida específico; reconocen la importancia del conocimiento de los factores de riesgo por el paciente para la prevención, promoción y educación en salud y resaltan la necesidad de la comunicación y la empatía entre el personal de salud y el paciente, para lograr resultados y estados emocionales favorables ante la enfermedad y el tratamiento.

Resumen Los efectos del estrés laboral están asociados con las horas de trabajo y las actividades mentales, como pensar y tomar decisiones, necesarias para la preparación y cualificación de tareas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la carga mental percibida en dos instituciones educativas con similitudes socioeconómicas, geográfica y planes educativos similares de la ciudad de Ibagué en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Se optó por una metodología cuantitativa no experimental de tipo transversal descriptivo, utilizando el NASA TLX para medir la carga mental, sometiendo los datos a un análisis estadístico no paramétrico de varianzas ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba DSCF para comparaciones post hoc. Los resultados revelaron que las diferencias en la carga de trabajo percibida están más relacionadas con el contexto institucional que con factores individuales como la edad, el género o la asignación académica que imparten los docentes. Esto sugiere que las características internas de las instituciones educativas y las habilidades de afrontamiento utilizadas por los docentes son cruciales para comprender y gestionar adecuadamente la carga mental percibida. Estos hallazgos enmarcan la importancia de adaptar las estrategias de gestión de la carga mental a las particularidades de cada institución educativa para mejorar la calidad de vida laboral de los profesionales y, en última instancia, la calidad de la educación que ofrecen.

Abstract The effects of work stress are associated with work hours and mental activities, such as thinking and decision making, necessary for the preparation and qualification of tasks. The objective of the study was to analyze the perceived mental load in two educational institutions with socioeconomic and geographic similarities and similar educational plans in the city of Ibagué in the department of Tolima, Colombia. A descriptive cross-sectional non-experimental quantitative methodology was chosen, using the NASA TLX to measure mental load, subjecting the data to a non-parametric statistical analysis of variances ANOVA by Kruskal-Wallis and the DSCF test for post hoc comparisons. The results revealed that differences in perceived workload are more related to the institutional context than to individual factors such as age, gender, or the academic assignment taught by teachers. This suggests that the internal characteristics of educational institutions and the coping skills used by teachers are crucial to adequately understand and manage perceived mental load. These findings frame the importance of adapting mental load management strategies to the particularities of each educational institution to improve the quality of work life of professionals and, ultimately, the quality of the education they offer.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the challenges faced by a group of TVET college students in establishing their own entrepreneurial ventures. It further aimed to explore how lecturers' current pedagogical approaches were or were not cultivating the entrepreneurial intentions of these students. The study employed a qualitative approach informed by an interpretive design. The sample participants included five (n=5) lecturers employed to teach entrepreneurship and business management across different courses, and thirty students (n=30) at a TVET college. The Theory of Planned Behaviour served as a barometer to both guide and frame the interpretation of results. A combined student- and teacher-centered approach was found, according to the views of the participants, to have a positive impact on the development of the participating students' entrepreneurial intentions. The findings also suggest that using real-life business challenges as part of pedagogy, has the potential to help TVET college students develop entrepreneurial intentions, together with the appropriate skills, values, and attitudes.

ABSTRACT The dizzying development of the scientific-technical revolution and its impact on the educational sphere require the continuous improvement of the directors of special education educational institutions, since it is their responsibility to scientifically direct the educational processes, advise teachers, families and coordinate with the socio-educational agents of the school network to achieve in students the development of practical-social skills and quality learning for life, so that they graduate fit and capable of interacting appropriately in their socio-family environment. Hence, the need to implement actions aimed at the professional improvement of the director. The article exposes a pedagogical improvement strategy to transform the modes of action of special education managers in the direction of scientific-methodological work aimed at the development of self-determination skills in students with intellectual disabilities. Theoretical and empirical methods were used to identify and solve the improvement needs of managers. The novelty of the strategy lies in the articulated conception of the different forms of improvement, established in Advanced Education, from the municipality's work system, with a systemic, planned and conscious character. With its implementation, the professional and personal performance of the managers and students was improved, who graduated with the empowerment of skills for making decisions, making choices, solving problems and establishing goals and objectives.

RESUMO O vertiginoso desenvolvimento da revolução técnico-científica e o seu impacto na esfera educativa exigem o aperfeiçoamento contínuo dos dirigentes das instituições de ensino de educação especial, uma vez que lhes compete dirigir cientificamente os processos educativos, aconselhar os professores, as famílias e coordenar com o sector sócio-económico. -os agentes educativos da rede escolar conseguirem nos alunos o desenvolvimento de competências prático-sociais e uma aprendizagem de qualidade para a vida, para que se formem aptos e capazes de interagir adequadamente no seu ambiente sócio-familiar. Daí a necessidade de implementar ações que visem ao aperfeiçoamento profissional do diretor. O artigo expõe uma estratégia de aprimoramento pedagógico que visa transformar os modos de atuação dos gestores de educação especial para direcionar o desenvolvimento de competências de autodeterminação em alunos com deficiência intelectual. Métodos teóricos e empíricos foram utilizados para identificar e solucionar as necessidades de melhoria dos gestores. A novidade da estratégia reside na concepção articulada das diferentes formas de melhoria, estabelecidas na Educação Avançada, a partir do sistema de trabalho do município, com caráter sistêmico, planejado e consciente. Com a sua implementação, melhorou-se o desempenho profissional e pessoal dos gestores e alunos, que se formaram com a capacitação de competências para tomar decisões, fazer escolhas, resolver problemas e estabelecer metas e objetivos.

RESUMEN El vertiginoso desarrollo de la revolución científico técnica y su incidencia en la esfera educacional exigen de la superación continúa de los directores de las instituciones educativas de la educación especial, pues a ellos les corresponde dirigir científicamente los procesos educativos, asesorar a docentes, familias y coordinar con los agentes socioeducativos de la red escolar para lograr en los educandos, el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas - sociales y un aprendizaje de calidad para toda la vida, de manera que egresen aptos y capaces de interactuar adecuadamente en su entorno socio familiar. De ahí, la necesidad de implementar acciones orientadas a la superación profesional del director. El artículo expone una estrategia pedagógica de superación dirigida a transformar los modos de actuación de los directivos de la educación especial para direccionar el desarrollo de habilidades de autodeterminación en los educandos en situación de discapacidad intelectual. Fueron empleados métodos del nivel teórico y empírico para la identificación y solución de las necesidades de superación de los directivos. La novedad de la estrategia radica en la concepción articulada de las diferentes formas de superación, establecidas en la Educación de Avanzada, desde el sistema de trabajo del municipio, con un carácter sistémico, planificado y consiente. Con su implementación se perfeccionó el desempeño profesional y personal de los directivos y los educandos quienes egresaron con el empoderamiento de habilidades para la toma de decisiones, la realización de elecciones, la resolución de problemas y el establecimiento de metas y objetivos.

Abstract This essay questions, with regard to medicine, the idea of progress as technological development by focusing on people rather than things. It analyzes how the predominance of such an idea of progress converts today’s societies to techno-fetishism that degrades community life and medical practice, contributing to the medicalization of social life. It is argued that the realization of technological potentialities depends on their forms of use; that the main motive of technological development is unlimited profit and that priority developments are those that enhance the social control that maintains the status quo. The intelligence as an intelligence quotient is criticized by proposing it as an attribute of the human being as a whole, manifested in the ways of thinking and proceeding of people in their circumstances, where affectivity and critical thinking are essential for their development; it is emphasized that its antecedent is the harmonic concert of planetary life that contrasts with the prevailing human disharmony. It is proposed that artificial intelligence is the most recent creation of techno-fetishism that deposits vital attributes in technology and that its forms of use will accentuate the degradation of human and planetary life. Another idea of medical progress is proposed, based on forms of organization conducive to the development of inquisitive, critical and collaborative skills that promote permanent improvement, whose distant horizon is dignifying progress: spiritual, intellectual, moral and convivial sublimation of collectivities in harmony with the planetary ecosystem.

Resumen Este ensayo cuestiona, a propósito de la medicina, la idea de progreso como desarrollo tecnológico al centrarlo en las personas y no en las cosas. Se analiza cómo el predominio de tal idea de progreso convierte a las sociedades actuales al tecno-fetichismo que degrada la vida comunitaria y la práctica médica contribuyendo a la medicalización de la vida social. Se argumenta que la realización de las potencialidades tecnológicas depende de sus formas de uso, que el móvil principal del desarrollo tecnológico es el lucro sin límites, y que los desarrollos prioritarios son los que potencian el control social que mantiene el statu quo. Se critica la idea de inteligencia como cociente intelectual al proponerla como atributo del ser humano como un todo, manifiesto en las formas pensar y proceder de las personas en sus circunstancias, donde la afectividad y el pensamiento crítico son imprescindibles para su desarrollo. Se destaca que su antecedente es el concierto armónico de la vida planetaria contrastante con la disarmonía humana imperante. Se plantea que la inteligencia artificial es la más reciente hechura del tecno-fetichismo que deposita en la tecnología atributos vitales, y que sus formas de uso acentuarán la degradación de la vida humana y planetaria. Se propone otra idea de progreso médico basado en formas de organización propicias para el desarrollo de aptitudes inquisitivas, críticas y colaborativas que impulsen la superación permanente, cuyo horizonte lejano es el progreso dignificante: sublimación espiritual, intelectual, moral y convivencial de las colectividades en armonía con el ecosistema planetario.

Resumen Este ensayo cuestiona, a propósito de la medicina, la idea de progreso como desarrollo tecnológico al centrarlo en las personas no en las cosas. Se analiza cómo el predominio de tal idea de progreso convierte a las sociedades actuales al tecno-fetichismo que degrada la vida comunitaria y la práctica médica contribuyendo a la medicalización de la vida social. Se argumenta: que la realización de las potencialidades tecnológicas depende de sus formas de uso; que el móvil principal del desarrollo tecnológico es el lucro sin límites y que los desarrollos prioritarios son los que potencian el control social que mantiene el statu quo. Se critica la idea de inteligencia como cociente intelectual al proponerla como atributo del ser humano como un todo, manifiesto en las formas pensar y proceder de las personas en sus circunstancias, donde la afectividad y el pensamiento crítico son imprescindibles para su desarrollo. Se destaca que su antecedente es el concierto armónico de la vida planetaria contrastante con la disarmonía humana imperante. Se plantea que la inteligencia artificial es la más reciente hechura del tecno-fetichismo que deposita en la tecnología atributos vitales y que sus formas de uso acentuarán la degradación de la vida humana y planetaria. Se propone otra idea de progreso médico basado en formas de organización propicias para el desarrollo de aptitudes inquisitivas, críticas y colaborativas que impulsen la superación permanente, cuyo horizonte lejano es el progreso dignificante: sublimación espiritual, intelectual, moral y convivencial de las colectividades en armonía con el ecosistema planetario.

Abstract This essay challenges the idea of progress as technological development in relation to medicine by focusing on people rather than things. It analyzes how the prevalence of such an idea of progress leads contemporary societies to a technofetishism that degrades community life and medical practice, contributing to the medicalization of social life. It is argued that the realization of technological potentialities depends on their forms of use, that the main motive of technological development is unlimited profit, and the priority developments are those that enhance social control which maintains the status quo. Intelligence as an intelligence quotient is criticized by proposing it as an attribute of the human being as a whole, manifested in the ways of thinking and acting of human beings in their circumstances, where affectivity and critical thinking are essential for their development; it is emphasized that its antecedent is the harmonic concert of planetary life, which contrasts with the prevailing human disharmony. It is proposed that artificial intelligence is the latest creation of technofetishism, which deposits vital attributes in technology, and that its use will accentuate the degradation of human and planetary life. Another idea of medical progress is proposed, based on forms of organization that is conducive to the development of inquisitive, critical, and collaborative skills that promote permanent improvement, whose distant horizon is dignified progress: the spiritual, intellectual, moral, and convivial sublimation of collectivities in harmony with the planetary ecosystem.

Abstract Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions correspond to intrusive ideas or images and compulsion is the motor or cognitive act to appease the obsession. Its worldwide prevalence is 3%. There are different factors that influence its appearance, which can be biological, psychological and environmental. Executive functions are a set of skills that regulate cognition and behavior. The objective is to describe the relationship and impact of executive functions in people who suffer from OCD. Materials and methods: Narrative review article based on the state of the art on obsessive-compulsive disorder and executive functions. Results: Various studies report a clinical-anatomical relationship between characteristic signs and symptoms of OCD and alterations evident in executive functions. Executive functions impact functioning in daily life. These functions are strongly related to OCD, generating functional limitations in these patients. For this condition there are treatments such as pharmacological, psychological and surgical therapy. Discussion: There is a need to implement neuropsychological rehabilitation within its treatment to rehabilitate and strengthen such processes, seeking to develop it comprehensively and allow the person to function optimally in their daily lives. Conclusion: Executive functions are a fundamental component for our functioning and autonomy, which is why, since OCD is directly related to failures in these functions, they are considered an important point to take into account when accompanying and treating people who present this condition. disorder.

Resumen Introducción: El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) se caracteriza por obsesiones y compulsiones. Las obsesiones corresponden a ideas o imágenes intrusivas y la compulsión es el acto motor o cognitivo para aplacar la obsesión. Su prevalência mundial es del 3 % y existen diferentes factores que influyen en su aparición, que pueden ser biológicos, psicológicos o ambientales. Por otra parte, las funciones ejecutivas son un conjunto de habilidades que regulan la cognición y el comportamiento, donde este estudio busca describir la relación y afectación de las funciones ejecutivas en personas que padecen TOC. Materiales y métodos: Artículo de revisión narrativa a partir del estado del arte sobre el TOC y las funciones ejecutivas. Resultados: Diversos estudios han reportado la relación clínico-anatómica entre signos y síntomas característicos del TOC y la alteración evidenciada en funciones ejecutivas. Las funciones ejecutivas impactan el funcionamiento en la vida diaria y se encuentran fuertemente relacionadas al TOC, generando limitaciones funcionales en estos pacientes. Para esta afección hay tratamientos como las terapias farmacológica, psicológica y quirúrgica. Discusión: Se encuentra la necesidad de implementar, dentro de su tratamiento, la rehabilitación neuropsicológica para rehabilitar y fortalecer las funciones ejecutivas, buscando que se desarrolle de manera integral y que le permita a la persona desenvolverse de manera óptima en su día a día. Conclusión: Las funciones ejecutivas son un componente fundamental para nuestro funcionamiento y autonomía, es por esto que al estar el TOC directamente relacionado con fallas en estas funciones, se considera un punto importante para tener en cuenta al acompañar y tratar a personas que presentan este trastorno.

Abstract: The dropout and retention rates in higher education are relevant topics in current research, leading to an exploration of the factors or variables that influence these phenomena. One of these factors is academic readiness, which refers to the skills developed during prior schooling that serve as the foundation for coping with the stresses encountered in university life. The development of these skills during high school is not always adequate or successful, and this affects academic performance and university retention rates. The aim of this study was to determine the entry profiles associated with the academic readiness of students enrolled in the Program for Access to Higher Education (PACE). An instrument was applied to a sample of 167 students admitted through PACE in order to identify academic readiness profiles, indicating that the student body is characterized by dimensions of Personal Determination and Academic Self-Efficacy with high average scores, while the dimensions of Emotional Modulation and Effective Communication presented lower scores. These findings allow for the development of support strategies and preventive monitoring systems to assist the adaptability processes of students from socioeconomically vulnerable sectors as they transition into higher education.

Resumen: El abandono y la permanencia en la educación superior es relevante en las investigaciones actuales y ha implicado una búsqueda de factores o variables que influyen en este fenómeno. Uno de ellos es la preparatividad académica, entendida como las habilidades previas desarrolladas durante la educación escolar y que son la base para enfrentar los estresores propios de la vida universitaria. El desarrollo de estas habilidades en la educación media no siempre es adecuado o logrado, lo que impacta en el rendimiento y permanencia en la universidad. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los perfiles de ingreso asociados a la preparatividad académica de estudiantes pertenecientes al Programa de Acceso a la Educación Superior (PACE). Mediante la aplicación de un instrumento a una muestra de 167 estudiantes con ingreso vía PACE, se determinaron perfiles de preparatividad académica que evidencian que el estudiantado se caracteriza por las dimensiones de Autodeterminación Personal y Autoeficacia Académica con altas puntuaciones promedio, en tanto que las dimensiones más descendidas fueron Modulación emocional y Comunicación efectiva. Estos resultados permiten generar estrategias de acompañamiento y sistemas preventivos de monitoreo para apoyar los procesos de adaptabilidad a la educación superior de estudiantes provenientes de sectores con alta vulnerabilidad social.

Resumo: O abandono e a permanência na educação superior são relevantes nas pesquisas atuais e implicam uma busca por fatores ou variáveis que influenciam este fenômeno. Um deles é a preparação acadêmica, entendida como as habilidades prévias desenvolvidas durante a educação escolar e que são a base para enfrentar os fatores de estresse próprios da vida universitária. O desenvolvimento dessas habilidades no ensino médio nem sempre é adequado ou alcançado, o que apresenta impacto no rendimento e na permanência na universidade. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar os perfis de acesso associados à preparação acadêmica de estudantes pertencentes ao Programa de Acesso à Educação Superior (PACE). Mediante a aplicação de um instrumento a uma amostra de 167 estudantes com admissão via PACE, foram determinados perfis de preparação acadêmica que evidenciam que os estudantes se caracterizam pelas dimensões de autodeterminação pessoal e autoeficácia acadêmica com elevadas pontuações médias, enquanto as dimensões com menores pontuações foram a modulação emocional e a comunicação eficaz. Esses resultados permitem gerar estratégias de acompanhamento e sistemas preventivos de monitoramento para apoiar nos processos de adaptação à educação superior de estudantes provenientes de setores com alta vulnerabilidade social.

Résumé Malgré la reconnaissance de l'impact positif de l'enseignement supérieur sur la qualité de vie, il existe un groupe vulnérable qui continue de ne pas avoir accès à ce niveau d'enseignement : les personnes ayant personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Cependant, les obstacles rencontrés par cette population peuvent être atténués grâce à la création de programmes universitaires inclusifs. À partir des perceptions des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle, de leurs familles et des membres de la communauté universitaire, il est important de comprendre les éléments à prendre en compte dans un programme visant à permettre leur participation à la vie universitaire pour le développement de compétences et l'amélioration de leur qualité de vie. Cette étude, de nature qualitative, a adopté l'enquête par entretien et l'analyse de contenu pour la collecte et l'analyse des données. Les contributions de la littérature et les données générées façonnent la proposition d'un programme universitaire inclusif, basé sur un parcours individualisé, flexible et aligné sur les objectifs individuels des bénéficiaires, dont la matrice curriculaire est composée des composantes académique, professionnelle, sociale et de vie autodéterminée. Le nombre limité de participants et la spécificité de l'institution d'enseignement supérieur ne permettent pas de généraliser les données générées. Cependant, l'étude révèle des preuves susceptibles d'informer le développement de programmes par des institutions intéressées à promouvoir un enseignement supérieur plus inclusif.

Resumen A pesar del reconocimiento del impacto positivo de la Educación Superior en la calidad de vida, existe un grupo vulnerable que continúa sin acceso a este nivel educativo: las personas con discapacidad intelectual y/o de desarrollo. Sin embargo, algunos de los obstáculos impuestos a esta población pueden mitigarse mediante la creación de programas universitarios inclusivos. A partir de las percepciones de personas con discapacidad intelectual y/o de desarrollo-, sus familias y miembros de la comunidad académica, es importante comprender los componentes a considerar en un programa que pretende posibilitar su participación en vida universitaria para el desarrollo de habilidades y mejorar su calidad de vida. Este estudio, de carácter cualitativo, adoptó la encuesta por entrevista y el análisis de contenido para la respectiva recolección y análisis de datos. Los aportes de la literatura y los datos generados forman la propuesta de un programa universitario inclusivo, basado en un recorrido individualizado, flexible y alineado con los objetivos individuales de los destinatários, con la matriz curricular compuesta por componentes académicas, profesionales, sociales y de vida autodeterminada. El número limitado de participantes y la especificidad de la Institución de Educación Superior no permiten generalizar los datos generados. Sin embargo, el estudio revela evidencia que puede informar el desarrollo de programas por parte de instituciones interesadas en promover una Educación Superior (más) inclusiva.

Abstract Despite the recognition of the positive impact of Higher Education on quality of life, there is a vulnerable group that continues to have no access to this level of education: people with intellectual and/or developmental disability. However, the obstacles imposed on this population can be mitigated through the creation of inclusive university programs. Based on the perceptions of the people with intellectual and/or developmental disability, their families and members of the academic community, it is important to understand the components to be considered in a program that aims to enable their participation in university life for the development of skills and improving their quality of life. This qualitative study adopted the interview and content analysis for the respective data collection and analysis. The contributions of literature and the data generated form the proposal for an inclusive university program, based on an individualized, flexible path aligned with the individual objectives of the persons, with the curricular matrix composed of academic, professional, social and self-determined life components. The limited number of participants and the specificity of the Higher Education Institution do not allow generalizing the data generated. However, this study shows evidence that may inform the development of programs by institutions interested in promoting na inclusive Higher Education.

Resumo Apesar do reconhecimento do impacto positivo do Ensino Superior na qualidade de vida, há um grupo vulnerável que continua sem acesso a este nível de ensino: pessoas com dificuldades intelectuais e/ou de desenvolvimento. Todavia, os obstáculos impostos a esta população poderão ser mitigados através da criação de programas universitários inclusivos. A partir das perceções de pessoas com dificuldades intelectuais e/ou de desenvolvimento, suas famílias e elementos da comunidade académica, importa compreender as componentes a considerar num programa que visa possibilitar a sua participação na vida universitária para o desenvolvimento de competências e a melhoria da sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, adotou o inquérito por entrevista e a análise de conteúdo para a respetiva recolha e análise de dados. Os contributos da literatura e os dados gerados enformam a proposta de um programa universitário inclusivo, com base num percurso individualizado, flexível e alinhado com os objetivos individuais dos destinatários, em que a sua matriz curricular é composta pelas componentes académica, profissional, social e vida autodeterminada. O número limitado de participantes e a especificidade da Instituição de Ensino Superior não permitem generalizar os dados gerados. Contudo, o estudo revela evidências passíveis de informar o desenvolvimento de programas por instituições interessadas em promover um Ensino Superior (mais) inclusivo.

The BCL furnace is scheduled to restart operations after being placed on care and maintenance in 2016 due to depressed nickel prices. The decision to start operations after such a stoppage ought to be led by a techno-economic evaluation of process options to make operations more resilient. For BCL, the decision lies between using the existing flash-smelting furnace (FSF) or a top-submerged lance (TSL) furnace. Available studies show that the FSF combined with other converting technologies is cheaper to operate; however, such studies are based on flowsheet simulation results of single copper concentrates and therefore do not provide a full scope of practical capabilities based on smelter operator skills. Using a t-test on normalized prior operational data from three Cu FSF and two Cu TSL, it was found that the only statistical differences between the operating costs of the FSF and TSL technologies are in the coal use for heating the feed blow and number of rebuilds: the FSF consumes coal to heat the feed blow and the TSL requires 2.4 rebuilds during a course of a single FSF campaign. A summative operating cost comparison over the existing BCL FSF 11-year life shows that BCL can decrease operational costs by some BWP 55.5 million if the operation were to change to the newer TSL technology. The savings derive from reduced coal use, which is normally associated with heating the blow when using the FSF. Despite the TSL carrying added costs of 2.4 rebuilds during a life time of one FSF furnace campaign, the cost associated with the TSL rebuilds of approximately BWP 1.3 million is minimal compared with the overall operational expenditure decrease that BCL will incur on using the TSL technology. In terms of the technology, BCL can have higher Ni-Cu recoveries at lower operational costs by elimination of Ni-Cu losses and eliminating the slag-cleaning furnace by converting to a TSL furnace.

Resumen En el estudio se determinó la influencia del uso del Wix para fortalecer la competencia convivencia y participación democrática, en los educandos de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Saúl Cantoral Huamani. En la actualidad el proceso de aprendizaje en los educandos admite reflexionar sobre la necesidad de desarrollar competencias básicas para la vida como la sana convivencia entre pares y la comunidad educativa; siendo esta vital para el adecuado desarrollo en todos los aspectos del contexto social a su vez posibilita establecer las normas de conducta en el aula escolar basado en principios como el respeto, la disciplina, la responsabilidad, la convivencia y la solidaridad; en tal sentido la formación de los educandos se deberá fortalecer en pos de lograr una sociedad en la que se practique los valores esenciales entre las personas. El tipo de investigación fue aplicado, de diseño cuasiexperimental con pretest y postest. La muestra de estudio fue de 69 estudiantes. Se concluyó que mediante la aplicación de la estrategia didáctica Wix se logró establecer su influencia en la competencia convivencia y participación ciudadana dado que, se evidencia el fortalecimiento en el desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales en los educandos de quinto grado de secundaria.

Abstract The study determined the influence of the use of Wix to strengthen the competence of coexistence and democratic participation in secondary school students of the Saúl Cantoral Huamani Educational Institution. Currently, the learning process in students allows reflecting on the need to develop basic competencies for life such as healthy coexistence among peers and the educational community; this being vital for the proper development in all aspects of the social context in turn makes it possible to establish standards of conduct in the classroom based on principles such as respect, discipline, responsibility, coexistence and solidarity; in this sense the training of students should be strengthened in order to achieve a society in which essential values are practiced among people. The type of research was applied, of quasi-experimental design with pretest and post-test. The study sample consisted of 69 students. It was concluded that through the application of the Wix didactic strategy it was possible to establish its influence on the competence of coexistence and citizen participation, given that the strengthening in the development of socioemotional skills in the students of the fifth grade of secondary school is evidenced.