Abstract Introduction. There is a great human concern about antibiotics resistance due to their inappropriate use as growth promoters in animal husbandry. Objective. To evaluate the effect of a high level of zinc as a substitute to antibiotics in nursery pigs. Material and methods. The study was carried out from June to August 2022 in the province of Chiriqui, Panama. The experimental period was composed of three phases with 14 days per phase. The nursery pigs (n= 54) were distributed to one of three treatments with six replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate. The treatments were: 1) control diet, which was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for nursery pigs; 2) similar to treatment 1, plus 200 mg of amoxicillin/kg of feed and 40 mg of florfenicol/kg of feed during phase 1 (P1) and phase 2 (P2), respectively; and 3) similar to treatment 1, plus 2000 ppm and 1600 ppm of zinc during P1 and P2, respectively. In phase 3 (P3), all pigs were fed a common diet. Results. The supplementation of zinc improved the average daily gain in all phases. Pigs fed zinc diet had better F:G ratio in P2 compared to pigs fed antibiotic diet (p < 0.05). A higher concentration of hemoglobin and percentage of monocytes was found in pigs fed with higher level of zinc than the other treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Pigs fed the antibiotic, or the control diet had a lower percentage of fecal dry matter compared to those supplemented with zinc. (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The supplementation of high levels of zinc exerted improvements, in comparison to the antibiotic, in terms of hemoglobin concentration, incidence of diarrhea and weight gain in pigs during 42 days after weaning.

Resumen Introducción. Existe una gran preocupación humana por la resistencia a los antibióticos debido a su uso inadecuado como promotores del crecimiento en la cría de animales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de altos niveles de zinc como sustituto del antibiótico en lechones destetados. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de junio a agosto de 2022 en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá. El periodo experimental estuvo compuesto por tres fases con 14 días por fase. Los cerdos destetados (n= 54) fueron asignados a uno de tres tratamientos con seis repeticiones por tratamiento y tres cerdos por repetición. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta control, formulada para suplir los requerimientos nutricionales para cerdos destetados; 2) similar al tratamiento 1, más 200 mg de amoxicilina/kg de alimento y 40 mg de florfenicol/kg de alimento durante la fase 1 (P1) y fase 2 (P2), respectivamente; y 3) similar al tratamiento 1, más 2000 ppm y 1600 ppm de zinc durante P1 y P2, respectivamente. En la fase 3 (P3), todos los cerdos fueron alimentados con una dieta común. Resultados. La suplementación con zinc mejoró la ganancia de peso en todas las fases. Los cerdos alimentados con zinc tuvieron mejor relación F:G en P2 en comparación a los cerdos suplementados con antibiótico (p < 0.05). Se encontró una mayor concentración de hemoglobina y porcentaje de monocitos en cerdos alimentados con zinc que en los otros tratamientos (p < 0.05). Los cerdos alimentados con antibiótico o la dieta control tuvieron un menor porcentaje de materia seca fecal en comparación a los suplementados con zinc (p < 0.05). Conclusión. La suplementación de altos niveles de zinc ejerció mejoras, en comparación al antibiótico, en cuanto a la concentración de hemoglobina, incidencia de diarrea y ganancia de peso en cerdos durante los 42 días posteriores al destete.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar viabilidad celular, expresión de proteína Hsp70, degradación del material genético y muerte celular por apoptosis en leucocitos ovinos Katahdin, Dorper y Humanos irradiados in vitro con radiación UVA. Material y métodos. Se utilizó leucocitos, los cuales fueron expuestos in vitro a radiación UVA, para evaluar viabilidad celular, fragmentación de ADN, expresión de proteína Hsp70 y alteraciones morfológicas relacionadas con apoptosis de cada modelo. Resultados. Se encontró una caída en la viabilidad de leucocitos expuestos a radiación UVA, siendo los ovinos los más afectados. Se observó un incremento en la expresión de Hsp70 en los leucocitos humano, Katahdin y Dorper. Se encontró aumento progresivo de la fragmentación de ADN, así como aumento en las alteraciones morfológicas relacionadas con apoptosis conforme aumentó el tiempo de exposición a radiación UVA, siendo el modelo Dorper el más afectado. Conclusiones. La radiación UVA genera estrés en leucocitos ovinos y humanos, observando que los leucocitos humanos son más resistentes, mientras que los ovinos son más susceptibles, principalmente el genotipo Dorper.

ABSTRACT Objective. Determine cell viability, Hsp70 protein expression, degradation of genetic material and cell death by apoptosis in Katahdin, Dorper ovine and human leukocytes irradiated in vitro with UVA radiation. Material and methods. Leukocytes, which were exposed in vitro to UVA radiation, were used to evaluate cell viability, DNA fragmentation, Hsp70 protein expression and morphological alterations related to apoptosis of each model. Results. A drop in the viability of leukocytes exposed to UVA radiation was found, with ovine being the most affected. An increase in the expression of Hsp70 was observed in human, Katahdin and Dorper leukocytes. A progressive increase in DNA fragmentation was found, as well as an increase in morphological alterations related to apoptosis as the time of exposure to UVA radiation increased, with the Dorper model being the most affected. Conclusions. UVA radiation generates stress in ovine and human leukocytes, observing that humans leukocytes are more resistant, while ovines are more susceptible, mainly the Dorper genotype.

RESUMEN Introducción: El procedimiento terapéutico con células mononucleares autólogas ha abierto una alternativa dentro del arsenal con que se cuenta para la reparación y regeneración de los defectos óseos máxilo-mandibulares derivados de procederes quirúrgicos, que se asocian con discapacidad y detrimento de la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Evaluar la evolución de los pacientes tratados con células mononucleares autólogas como terapia regenerativa ante defectos óseos máxilo-mandibulares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en los Servicios de Cirugía Máxilo-facial de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente y los Hospitales Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres, General Docente Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso, Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba, en el periodo de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019. Los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos por enfermedades que afectaban la arquitectura ósea, implantándose células madre movilizadas con factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos al finalizar el acto quirúrgico. Las variables investigadas fueron enfermedades quirúrgicas, complicaciones posquirúrgicas, tamaño del defecto óseo, evidencia radiográfica y evolución del tratamiento. Resultados: Entre los 6 y 12 meses posteriores a la cirugía y la terapia celular, todas las variables de respuesta al tratamiento probaron mejoras clínicas y radiológicas, observándose hueso de neoformación y aumento de la densidad ósea. Conclusiones: La regeneración de los defectos óseos, asociados a intervenciones quirúrgicas, mediante el implante de células mononucleares autólogas de sangre periférica suspendidas en plasma rico en plaquetas quedó evidenciada clínica y radiográficamente de forma satisfactoria.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The therapeutic procedure with autologous mononuclear cells has opened an alternative within the arsenal available for repair and regeneration of the maxillomandibular bone defects derived from surgical procederes which are associated with disability and detriment to life quality. Objective: To evaluate the clinical course of patients treated with autologous mononuclear cells as regenerative therapy for maxillofacial bone defects. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Maxillo Facial Surgery Services of the Teaching Provincial Dentistry Clinic and the Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospitals Saturnino Lora Torres, Teaching General Juan Bruno Zayas, Teaching Clinical Surgical Joaquin Castillo Duany, in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2017 to December, 2019. The patients included in the study underwent surgical procedures due to diseases that affected bone architecture, implanting mobilized stem cells with granulocyte colony stimulating factor at the end of the surgical procedure. The variables investigated were surgical diseases, post-surgical complications, size of the bone defect, radiographic evidence and treatment evolution. Results: Six to 12 months after the surgery and cell therapy, all the response variables to the treatment proved clinical and radiological improvements, being observed bone neoformation and increase of bone density. Conclusions: Regeneration of bone defects, associated with surgical interventions, implanting autologous mononuclear cells of peripheral blood suspended in plasm rich in platelets was clinic and radiographically evidenced in a satisfactory way.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease is the most prevalent neurological condition, globally it represents 11% of total annual deaths and in Cuba is the third cause of death. Objective: Characterize early mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out on patients who suffered an ischemic stroke during one year. Summary and dispersion measures were used with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Mortality was 15.1%, with a slight predominance of the female sex and white skin colors prevailed. Almost two-thirds of the death occurred in the first seven days of the acute ischemic event and in more than half of the patient cerebral edema was present as the cause of death. The vascular risk factors that predominated were high blood pressure, smoking and diabetes mellitus, with the large vessel atherothrombotic stroke subtype prevailing. When comparing the mean values between living and deceased patients, the variables: age, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, leukocytes, blood glucose, leukoglycemic index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were statistically significant. Conclusions: Stroke mortality in the Julio Trigo hospital behaves from a clinical and epidemiological point of view almost similarly to what was reported by other authors in other geographical regions and also in Cuba.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad cerebrovascular es la afección neurológica de mayor prevalencia; globalmente representa el 11 % del total de defunciones anuales y en Cuba es la tercera causa de muerte. Objetivo: Caracterizar la mortalidad temprana en los pacientes con ictus isquémico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo de los pacientes que sufrieron un ictus isquémico durante un año. Se emplearon medidas de resumen y dispersión, con un intervalo de confianza del 95 % para la prueba t de Student. Resultados: La mortalidad fue de un 15,1 %, con ligero predominio del sexo femenino y prevaleció el color blanco de la piel. Casi 2 tercios de los fallecidos (58,9 %) ocurrieron en los primeros 7 días del evento isquémico agudo y en más de la mitad de los pacientes se presentó edema cerebral como causa directa de muerte. Los factores de riesgo vascular que predominaron fueron la hipertensión arterial, el tabaquismo y la diabetes mellitus, y prevaleció el subtipo de ictus aterotrombótico de gran vaso. Al comparar los valores de la media entre los pacientes vivos y fallecidos, resultaron ser estadísticamente significativos las variables: edad, escala National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, leucocitos, glucemia, índice leuco-glucémico, eritrosedimentación y la proteína C reactiva. Conclusiones: La mortalidad por ictus, en el Hospital “Julio Trigo”, es similar, desde el punto de vista clínico y epidemiológico, a lo reportado por otros autores en otras regiones geográficas y también en Cuba.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endoscopic endonasal procedures allow surgical removal of complex tumors at the cranial base. However, the cranial base repair phase is challenging. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a cranial base repair strategy in endoscopic endonasal procedures. Method: A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective investigation was carried out that included 190 adult patients at the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital with a diagnosis of benign tumors of the cranial base who underwent surgery using endoscopic endonasal procedures for which a repair strategy was designed. The following variables were evaluated: effectiveness of the repair barrier and the repair strategy, as well as complications, especially cerebrospinal fluid fistula. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used as summary measures. Results: Effectiveness of the cranial base repair strategy was evident in 97.4% of patients. The incidence of cerebrospinal fluid fistula was only 2.6%. Conclusions: The cranial base repair strategy for cranial base tumors by endoscopic endonasal approach is safe and effective, with low incidence of complications.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos permiten la exéresis quirúrgica de tumores complejos en la base craneal. Sin embargo, la fase de reparación de la base craneal constituye un desafío. Objetivos: Evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia de reparación de la base craneal en los procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos. Método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal, prospectiva que incluyó 190 pacientes adultos en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras con diagnóstico de tumores benignos de la base craneal intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos para lo cual se diseñó una estrategia de reparación de la base craneal. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: efectividad de la barrera de reparación y de la estrategia de reparación, así como complicaciones en especial la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas como medidas resumen. Resultados: Se evidenció una efectividad de la estrategia de reparación de la base craneal en el 97,4 % de los pacientes. La incidencia de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo fue de solo 2,6 %. Conclusiones: La nueva estrategia de reparación de la base craneal para tumores de la base craneal por vía endonasal endoscópica es segura y efectiva con una baja incidencia de complicaciones.

Abstract: Some systemic inflammatory indices have been reported to be associated with intracerebral hemorrhage in adults. However, the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature neonates is still not completely understood. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices obtained on the first day of life in premature infants and the development of severe IVH. Patients and Method: Premature newborns < 32 weeks of gestational age were included. Eligible patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: without IVH or grade I and II hemorrhage, and Group 2: grade III and IV HIV. Demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), and Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were compared between groups. Results: A total of 1176 newborns were included in the study, 1074 in Group 1 and 102 premature babies in Group 2. There was no difference between the groups in terms of the count of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets (p > 0.05). The values of NLR, MLR, PLR, PIV, SII and SIRI were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: While the relationship between inflammation, hemodynamics and IVH is still under discussion, our results show that systemic inflammatory indices have no predictive value for IVH.

Introdução: O L-PRF é concentrado de plaquetas e leucócitos em rede de fibrina, obtido pela centrifugação autóloga coletada no momento da cirurgia. Faz parte da segunda geração de concentrados plaquetários, sendo de baixo custo, fácil preparo, simples obtenção e tem a capacidade de acelerar a cicatrização de tecidos moles e duros. Objetivo: Revisar o reparo ósseo de defeitos não críticos em calvária utilizando o L-PRF isoladamente e em associação com osso autógeno particulado. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura retirada das plataformas SciELO, Pubmed e Scopus em inglês e português utilizando os seguintes descritores: “L-PRF, cicatrização óssea, defeitos em calvária. Coelhos” em AND ou OR pelo título ou resumo. Após a seleção apenas os artigos cosiderados pertinentes foram lidos na íntegra. Resultados: Foram incluídos 39 artigos. Conclusão: O L-PRF isoladamente teve efeito positivo na formação óssea no decorrer das semanas.

Introduction: L-PRF is a concentrate of platelets and leukocytes in a fibrin network, obtained by autologous centrifugation collected at the time of surgery. It is part of the second generation of platelet concentrates, being low cost, easy to prepare, simple to obtain and has the ability to accelerate the healing of soft and hard tissues. Objective: To review bone repair of non-critical calvarial defects using L-PRF alone and in association with particulated autogenous bone. Method: Integrative review of literature taken from the SciELO, Pubmed and Scopus platforms in English and Portuguese using the following descriptors: “L-PRF, bone healing, calvarial defects, rabbit” in AND or OR by the title or summary. After selection, only articles considered relevant were read in full. Results: 39 articles were included. Conclusion: L-PRF alone had a positive effect on bone formation over the weeks.

Abstract: In pediatrics, a process called Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) associated with recent infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus has been observed. One of its variants presents similarities with Kawasaki disease (KD). Objective: to compare the clinical presentation, laboratory testing, and evolution of KD with PIMS Kawasaki phenotype (PIMS-KD) in patients hospitalized before the pandemic, compared with the pandemic period. Patients and Method: Cross-sectional study in two groups of patients at the Hospital Exequiel González Cortés: typical KD (group 1) and PIMS-KD (group 2). Data on demographic, clinical, and biochemical details were collected, as well as echocardiogram, treatment, and evolution records. IgG and IgM serology for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in both groups. Results: In the KD group and the PIMS-KD group, 20 and 33 patients were analyzed, respectively. There were differences in age, days of fever, count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and hospital stay. In 25% of the KD group, there were alterations in the echocardiogram and, in the PIMS-K group, all patients received corticosteroids and 25 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In both groups, a favorable clinical evolution was observed, characterized by the absence of complications and mortality. Conclusions: Based on the data obtained in our study, the importance of the epidemiological link is emphasized as an essential factor in differentiating between both pathologies, highlighting the need to consider factors such as age, duration of fever, count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, and degree of cardiac involvement, for a differential evaluation between patients with PIMS-KD versus KD.

Resumen: En pediatría, se ha observado un proceso denominado Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico asociado a infección reciente por virus SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS). Una de sus variantes, presenta similitudes con la Enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK). Objetivo: comparar la presentación clínica, laboratorio y evolución de EK con PIMS fenotipo Kawasaki (PIMS-EK) en pacientes hospitalizados antes de la pandemia, comparado con el periodo de pandemia. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal en dos grupos de pacientes del Hospital Exequiel González Cortés: EK típica (grupo 1) y PIMS-EK (grupo 2). Se recopilaron datos demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos, ecocardiograma, tratamiento y evolución. En ambos grupos se realizó serología IgG e IgM para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: En el grupo 1 se analizaron 20 pacientes y en el grupo 2, 33 pacientes. Hubo diferencias en edad, días de fiebre, valores de leucocitos, linfocitos, plaquetas, velocidad de eritrosedimentación (VHS) y días de hospitalización. En 25% de pacientes del grupo EK hubo alteraciones en el ecocardiograma y en el grupo PIMS-EK todos recibieron corticoides y 25 pacientes Inmunoglobulina endovenosa (IGEV). En ambos grupos, se observó una evolución clínica favorable, caracterizada por la ausencia de complicaciones y mortalidad. Conclusiones: En base a los datos obtenidos en nuestro estudio, se destaca la importancia del nexo epidemiológico como un factor esencial para diferenciar entre ambas patologías, resaltando la necesidad de considerar factores como la edad, la duración de la fiebre, los valores de leucocitos, linfocitos y plaquetas, grado de compromiso cardíaco, para una evaluación diferencial entre pacientes con PIMS-EK versus EK.

Resumen Los concentrados de glóbulos rojos son el componente que se utiliza con mayor frecuencia en las transfusiones sanguíneas. La irradiación gamma de la unidad transfusional está indicada cuando un paciente corre el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad de injerto contra huésped asociada a una transfusión. Sin embargo, esta irradiación exacerba la lesión de almacenamiento aumentando los niveles plasmáticos de potasio y disminuyendo los de sodio. Estos efectos sobre los glóbulos rojos reducen el tiempo de viabilidad de las unidades transfusionales irradiadas almacenadas. En este trabajo, estudiamos el efecto de diferentes dosis de radiación gamma sobre la concentración de los iones plasmáticos en las bolsas irradiadas, los cuales son indicativos de posibles alteraciones de las membranas de los glóbulos rojos y de los leucocitos. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos muestra que la radiación, a las dosis estudiadas, no afecta el consumo de glucosa. Sin embargo, la permeabilidad de la membrana de los eritrocitos aumenta con la dosis de radiación, indicando que este tipo de alteraciones podrían ser dosis dependiente. Estos resultados podrían ayudar a diseñar nuevos medios de conservación para reducir el daño a la membrana inducido por la radiación.

Abstrac Red blood cell concentrates are the most widely used component in blood transfusions. Gamma irradiation of the transfusion unit is indicated when a patient is at risk of developing transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. However, this irradiation exacerbates storage damage by increasing potassium and decreasing sodium plasmatic levels. These effects on red blood cells reduce the viability time of stored irradiated units. In this work, we study the different radiation dose effects on the concentration of plasmatic ions in the gamma-irradiated bags, which are attributed to possible membrane alterations of red blood cells and leukocytes. The result analysis shows that radiation, at the doses studied, does not affect glucose consumption. However, the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane increases with the radiation dose, indicating that these types of alterations could be dose-dependent. These results could help to design a new preservation medium to reduce radiation-induced membrane damage.

ABSTRACT: This clinical case report aims to describe the development of periradicular and perimplant cystic lesions resulted from the intimate contact of the apical region of osseointegrated implants of dental roots, and discuss the reasons fo r failure of the guided bone regeneration procedure associated with platelet rich fibrin and leukocytes, this process was used to the treatment of the first case. Case Reports. Three cases were reported, two cases described the close contact between the tooth roots and the osseointegrated implants and another with a distance of 1.08 mm. All cases realized a radiographic, and they had not periapical lesions before contact with the apical region of the osseointegrated implants on the roots of the teeth. In the case with the largest cystic extension, the procedure was: removal of the osseointegrated implant with apicectomy of the neighboring teeth, excisional biopsy of the lesion, and grafting using the technique of guided bone regeneration associated with L-PRF. All three cases, endodontic treatment was performed on the neighboring teeth within 2 years of survival of the osseointegrated implants in order to reverse the existing lesion. Results. The diagnostic hypothesis of the three cases was periradicular and peri-implant lesion, arising from a contact of the apical region of the osseointegrated implant with the adja cent tooth. The distance of 1.08 mm between the apices did not ensure normality of the periradicular and peri-implant tissues. The intimate contact caused lesions of different extents and root fractures. Conclusion. Premature contact of the osseointegrated implant with the root region of the neighboring tooth may lead to the development of periradicular and peri-implant lesions, suggesting that it is not possible to control this infectious process with endodontic treatment of the injured tooth.

RESUMEN: Este reporte de caso clínico tuvo como objetivo describir el desarrollo de lesiones quísticas perirradiculares y periimplantarias resultantes del contacto íntimo de la región apical de implantes osteointegrados de raíces dentales, y además discutir las razones del fracaso del procedimiento de regeneración ósea guiada asociado a fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos. Este proceso se utilizó para el tratamiento del primer caso. Se reportaron tres casos, en dos casos se describieron el estrecho contacto entre las raíces de los dientes y los implantes osteointegrados y en el otro se determinó una distancia de 1,08 mm. En los tres casos se realizó una radiografía y se determinó que no existían lesiones periapicales, antes del contacto con la región apical de los implantes osteointegrados, en las raíces de los dientes. En el caso de mayor extensión quística, el procedimiento fue: extracción del implante osteointegrado con apicectomía de los dientes vecinos, biopsia excisional de la lesión e injerto mediante la técnica de regeneración ósea guiada asociada a L-PRF. En los tres casos, el tratamiento de endodoncia se realizó en los dientes vecinos dentro de los 2 años de supervivencia de los implantes osteointegrados para revertir la lesión existente. La hipótesis diagnóstica de los tres casos fue lesión perirradicular y periimplantaria, originada por un contacto de la región apical del implante osteointegrado con el diente adyacente. La distancia de 1,08 mm entre los ápices no aseguraba la normalidad de los tejidos perirradiculares y periimplantarios. El contacto íntimo provocó lesiones de diferente extensión y fracturas radiculares. El contacto prematuro del implante osteointegrado con la región radicular del diente vecino puede conducir al desarrollo de lesiones perirradiculares y periimplantarias, lo que sugiere que no es posible controlar este proceso infeccioso con tratamiento endodóntico del diente lesionado.

RESUMEN Introducción: La medicina regenerativa y terapia celular representa una alternativa segura y eficaz en la regeneración hística. La fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos favorece la cicatrización de la base craneal, con una disminución significativa en las complicaciones, en especial la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del empleo de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos como elemento accesorio en la reparación de la base craneal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en 250 pacientes en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras, operados por procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos con diversos tumores de la base craneal, en los cuales se empleó la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos durante la fase de reconstrucción. Se realizó una evaluación de la barra de reparación y las complicaciones presentes. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas como medidas resumen. Resultados: El 97,2 % de las barreras de reparación fue catalogada de óptima. Se reporta con el uso de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos 2,0 % de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo, 0,8 % de infección del sistema nervioso central, 4,0 % de costras nasales posoperatorias. Conclusiones: El presente estudio evidencia el efecto positivo del empleo de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos en la reparación del base craneal con gran impacto en el índice de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y la calidad de vida nasosinusal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Regenerative medicine and cell therapy represents a safe and effective alternative in tissue regeneration. Fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes promotes healing of the cranial base, with a significant decrease in complications, especially cerebrospinal fluid leak. Objective: Describe the results of using fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes as an accessory element in the repair of the cranial base. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 250 patients at the “Hermanos Ameijeiras” Hospital operated by endoscopic endonasal procedures with various tumors of the cranial base, in which fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes was used during the reconstruction phase. An evaluation of the repair bar and the complications present was performed. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used as summary measures. Results: 97.2% of the repair barriers were classified as optimal. With the use of fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes, 2.0% of cerebrospinal fluid leak, 0.8% of central nervous system infection, 4.0% of postoperative nasal scabs are reported. Conclusions: The present study evidences the positive effect of the use of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin in the repair of the skull cranial base, with great impact on the rate of cerebrospinal fluid leak and sinonasal quality of life.

ABSTRACT The present study determined the prevalence of Ehrlichia sp morulae and Hepatozoon sp gamonts in dogs treated at a veterinary medical centre in the city of Trujillo. Blood samples were taken from dogs infested with ticks or exposed in the three months prior to the study. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected from the cephalic vein of 95 dogs in EDTA tubes. The samples were centrifuged. A drop of the phlogistic layer of each sample was placed on a slide, which was extended with a coverslip and subjected to Wright staining. The smears were observed under an optical microscope at 40X and 100X. A prevalence of Ehrlichia sp of 31.6 ± 9.4% was found. No presence of Hepatozoon sp gamonts was observed.

RESUMEN El presente estudio determinó la prevalencia de mórulas de Ehrlichia sp y gamontes de Hepatozoon sp en perros atendidos en un centro médico veterinario de la ciudad de Trujillo. Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas de perros infestados con garrapatas o con exposición en los tres meses previos al estudio. Se colectó 3 mL de sangre de la vena cefálica de 95 perros en tubos EDTA. Las muestras fueron centrifugadas. Se colocó una gota de la capa flogística de cada muestra sobre una lámina portaobjetos la que se extendió con una laminilla cubreobjetos y fue sometida a la tinción Wright. Los frotis se observaron en microscopio óptico a 40X y 100X. Se halló una prevalencia a Ehrlichia sp de 31.6 ± 9.4%. No se observó presencia de gamontes de Hepatozoon sp.

Abstract: Some systemic inflammatory indices have been reported to be associated with intracerebral hemorrhage in adults. However, the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature neonates is still not completely understood. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices obtained on the first day of life in premature infants and the development of severe IVH. Patients and Method: Premature newborns < 32 weeks of gestational age were included. Eligible patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: without IVH or grade I and II hemorrhage, and Group 2: grade III and IV HIV. Demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), and Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were compared between groups. Results: A total of 1176 newborns were included in the study, 1074 in Group 1 and 102 premature babies in Group 2. There was no difference between the groups in terms of the count of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets (p > 0.05). The values of NLR, MLR, PLR, PIV, SII and SIRI were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: While the relationship between inflammation, hemodynamics and IVH is still under discussion, our results show that systemic inflammatory indices have no predictive value for IVH.

Abstract: In pediatrics, a process called Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) associated with recent infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus has been observed. One of its variants presents similarities with Kawasaki disease (KD). Objective: to compare the clinical presentation, laboratory testing, and evolution of KD with PIMS Kawasaki phenotype (PIMS-KD) in patients hospitalized before the pandemic, compared with the pandemic period. Patients and Method: Cross-sectional study in two groups of patients at the Hospital Exequiel González Cortés: typical KD (group 1) and PIMS-KD (group 2). Data on demographic, clinical, and biochemical details were collected, as well as echocardiogram, treatment, and evolution records. IgG and IgM serology for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in both groups. Results: In the KD group and the PIMS-KD group, 20 and 33 patients were analyzed, respectively. There were differences in age, days of fever, count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and hospital stay. In 25% of the KD group, there were alterations in the echocardiogram and, in the PIMS-K group, all patients received corticosteroids and 25 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In both groups, a favorable clinical evolution was observed, characterized by the absence of complications and mortality. Conclusions: Based on the data obtained in our study, the importance of the epidemiological link is emphasized as an essential factor in differentiating between both pathologies, highlighting the need to consider factors such as age, duration of fever, count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, and degree of cardiac involvement, for a differential evaluation between patients with PIMS-KD versus KD.

Resumen: En pediatría, se ha observado un proceso denominado Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico asociado a infección reciente por virus SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS). Una de sus variantes, presenta similitudes con la Enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK). Objetivo: comparar la presentación clínica, laboratorio y evolución de EK con PIMS fenotipo Kawasaki (PIMS-EK) en pacientes hospitalizados antes de la pandemia, comparado con el periodo de pandemia. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal en dos grupos de pacientes del Hospital Exequiel González Cortés: EK típica (grupo 1) y PIMS-EK (grupo 2). Se recopilaron datos demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos, ecocardiograma, tratamiento y evolución. En ambos grupos se realizó serología IgG e IgM para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: En el grupo 1 se analizaron 20 pacientes y en el grupo 2, 33 pacientes. Hubo diferencias en edad, días de fiebre, valores de leucocitos, linfocitos, plaquetas, velocidad de eritrosedimentación (VHS) y días de hospitalización. En 25% de pacientes del grupo EK hubo alteraciones en el ecocardiograma y en el grupo PIMS-EK todos recibieron corticoides y 25 pacientes Inmunoglobulina endovenosa (IGEV). En ambos grupos, se observó una evolución clínica favorable, caracterizada por la ausencia de complicaciones y mortalidad. Conclusiones: En base a los datos obtenidos en nuestro estudio, se destaca la importancia del nexo epidemiológico como un factor esencial para diferenciar entre ambas patologías, resaltando la necesidad de considerar factores como la edad, la duración de la fiebre, los valores de leucocitos, linfocitos y plaquetas, grado de compromiso cardíaco, para una evaluación diferencial entre pacientes con PIMS-EK versus EK.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the frequency of rotavirus, adenovirus, and rota-adenovirus co-infections and investigate the fecal leukocyte rate associated with these infections in patients with gastroenteritis. METHODS: This is a retrospective study. We identified patients who were admitted to the pediatric emergency department with acute gastroenteritis and had their stool samples tested for rotavirus and/or adenovirus antigens. Among them, we determined the individuals who underwent stool microscopy tests on the same day and recorded their results. RESULTS: A total of 1,577 patients who underwent testing for rotavirus and/or adenovirus antigens in their stool samples were identified. Among these patients, 583 individuals had concurrent fecal microscopy results. The prevalence of solely rotavirus antigen positivity was 16.4%, solely adenovirus antigen positivity was 2.9%, and rota-adenovirus co-infections were detected in 1.8% of the children. The fecal leukocyte rates in children infected with rotavirus, adenovirus, and rota-adenovirus co-infections were 4.8, 13.3, and 88.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of fecal leukocytes was detected at a high rate in cases of viral gastroenteritis, especially in rota-adenovirus co-infections. Therefore, clinicians should not consider only bacterial pathogens in the presence of fecal leukocytes. OBJECTIVE rotaadenovirus rota coinfections co METHODS study andor or them results RESULTS 1577 1 577 1,57 58 164 16 4 16.4% 29 2 9 2.9% 18 8 1.8 48 4.8 133 13 3 13.3 889 88 88.9% respectively CONCLUSION coinfections. infections. Therefore 157 57 1,5 5 16.4 2.9 1. 4. 13. 88.9 15 1, 16. 2. 88.