ABSTRACT Introduction: Reconstruction of the anterior cranial base for meningiomas of the olfactory groove through endoscopic endonasal approaches represents a high challenge, given the large tumor dimensions and their more ventral disposition in the cranial base. Objective: To describe the effectiveness of a cranial base repair strategy in patients with olfactory groove meningiomas, through endoscopic endonasal approaches. Method: A descriptive study was carried out on 11 patients from the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital who underwent surgery for meningiomas of the olfactory groove using the extended transcribiform endoscopic endonasal approach, in which a cranial base repair strategy was used that includes: estimation of a safety index of the nasoseptal flap, method of space shortening of the nasoseptal flap, autologous elements, regenerative medicine and lumbar spinal drainage. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used as summary measures. Results: The strategy was effective in 100% of patients. A patient with crusted, rhinitis and nasal synechiae is reported. Conclusions: The present cranial base repair strategy for patients with olfactory groove meningioma, using endoscopic endonasal approaches, is effective, safe and reduces postoperative complications.

RESUMEN Introducción: La reparación de la base craneal anterior en los meningiomas del surco olfatorio a través de abordajes endonasales endoscópicos representa un elevado desafío por las dimensiones tumorales y su disposición más ventral en la base craneal. Objetivo: Describir la efectividad de una estrategia de reparación de la base craneal pacientes con meningioma del surco olfatorio, a través de abordajes endonasales endoscópicos. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 11 pacientes del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, operados de meningiomas del surco olfatorio mediante el abordaje endonasal endoscópico extendido transcribiforme, en los cuales se empleó una estrategia de reparación de la base craneal que incluye: estimación de un índice de seguridad del colgajo nasoseptal, método de acortamiento de espacios del colgajo nasoseptal, elementos autólogos, medicina regenerativa y drenaje espinal lumbar. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas como medidas resumen. Resultados: La estrategia fue efectiva en el 100 % de los pacientes. Se reporta un paciente con rinitis costrosa, sinequias nasales y sinusitis. Conclusiones: La presente estrategia de reparación de la base craneal para pacientes con meningioma del surco olfatorio, mediante abordajes endonasales endoscópicos, es efectiva, segura y disminuye las complicaciones posoperatorias.

Abstract Objective: Studies focusing on bone and joint infections (BJIs) in young infants are rare. Some cases of BJI are accompanied by sepsis. This study aimed to identify the clinical and bacteriological features of sepsis in neonates and young infants with BJIs. Methods: Neonates and infants younger than 3 months diagnosed with BJI in the present institution from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, clinical data, and outcomes were documented and compared between those with and without sepsis. Results: Twenty-five patients with a mean age of 34.8 days were included. Nine BJI cases had concomitant sepsis (group A), and 16 had BJI without sepsis (group B). Within group A, staphylococcus aureus was the major pathogenic germ (5 cases, of which 4 were of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) type). There was no statistical difference in male-to-female ratio, age, history of hospitalization, anemia, birth asphyxia, peripheral leukocyte counts, C-reactive protein on admission, and sequelae between groups. Univariate analyses indicated a significant difference in the incidence of septic arthritis (SA) combined with osteomyelitis (OM) (88.9% vs 37.5%), congenital deformities (44.4% vs 0%), and mean duration of symptoms (2.83 days vs 9.21 days) in comparisons between groups A and B. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogenic bacteria in BJI cases complicated with sepsis in neonates and young infants. Among infants younger than 3 months diagnosed with BJI, those with concurrent SA and OM, MRSA infection, or congenital deformities are more likely to develop sepsis. Objective BJIs (BJIs rare Methods 201 202 reviewed characteristics data Results Twentyfive Twenty five 348 34 8 34. included , A) 1 B . B) 5 ( methicillinresistant methicillin resistant (MRSA type. type type) maletofemale male female ratio hospitalization anemia asphyxia counts Creactive C reactive admission (SA OM (OM 88.9% 889 88 9 (88.9 37.5%, 375 37.5% 37 37.5%) 44.4% 444 44 (44.4 0%, 0 0% 0%) 2.83 283 2 83 (2.8 921 21 9.2 Conclusion infection 20 88.9 (88. 37.5 44.4 (44. 2.8 28 (2. 92 9. 88. (88 37. 44. (44 2. (2 (8 (4

Abstract Objective Despite an increase in the rate of successful live donor renal transplantation done annually, the number of potential recipients with acceptable donors is relegated to the ever-expanding cadaver-donor waiting list due to sensitization to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. If not sufficiently suppressed, these preformed HLA antibodies can trigger antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and early graft loss. To ameliorate this situation, various desensitization treatments are administered to provide a survival benefit to highly sensitized patients. Method One hundred and six patients in the time frame of January 2017 to March 2019 were included in the study group. The desensitization protocol included therapeutic plasma exchange and administration of low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (100 mg/kg per therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) session) to highly sensitized patients (treatment group) who subsequently underwent renal transplantation after negative pre-transplant Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Luminex crossmatch (CDC/LumXM). We compared graft survival rates between the group undergoing desensitization (treatment group) and matched control group of patients that underwent HLA-compatible transplantation. Results In the treatment group, Kaplan-Meier analysis estimates an average rate of patient graft survival of 95.2% at 3 years post-transplant, as compared with the rate of 86.9% in the same time frame for the control-matched group (p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusion Desensitization treatment with TPE before live donor renal transplantation in the case of patients with HLA sensitization provides better survival benefits along with monitoring for donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) and other infections, rather than waiting for a compatible organ donor. The data lays out evidence that desensitization treatments can assist overcome HLA incompatibility barriers in live donor renal transplantation. annually everexpanding ever expanding cadaverdonor cadaver (HLA suppressed AMR (AMR loss situation 201 lowdose low dose 100 (10 mgkg mg kg (TPE session pretransplant pre transplant CDC/LumXM. CDCLumXM CDC/LumXM . CDC LumXM (CDC/LumXM) HLAcompatible KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier 952 95 2 95.2 posttransplant, posttransplant post transplant, post-transplant 869 86 9 86.9 controlmatched p 005 0 05 0.0 comparisons. comparisons comparisons) donorspecific specific DSAs (DSAs infections 20 10 (1 (CDC/LumXM 95. 8 86. 00 0. 1 (

RESUMEN Introducción: La medicina regenerativa y terapia celular representa una alternativa segura y eficaz en la regeneración hística. La fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos favorece la cicatrización de la base craneal, con una disminución significativa en las complicaciones, en especial la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del empleo de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos como elemento accesorio en la reparación de la base craneal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en 250 pacientes en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras, operados por procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos con diversos tumores de la base craneal, en los cuales se empleó la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos durante la fase de reconstrucción. Se realizó una evaluación de la barra de reparación y las complicaciones presentes. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas como medidas resumen. Resultados: El 97,2 % de las barreras de reparación fue catalogada de óptima. Se reporta con el uso de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos 2,0 % de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo, 0,8 % de infección del sistema nervioso central, 4,0 % de costras nasales posoperatorias. Conclusiones: El presente estudio evidencia el efecto positivo del empleo de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos en la reparación del base craneal con gran impacto en el índice de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y la calidad de vida nasosinusal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Regenerative medicine and cell therapy represents a safe and effective alternative in tissue regeneration. Fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes promotes healing of the cranial base, with a significant decrease in complications, especially cerebrospinal fluid leak. Objective: Describe the results of using fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes as an accessory element in the repair of the cranial base. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 250 patients at the “Hermanos Ameijeiras” Hospital operated by endoscopic endonasal procedures with various tumors of the cranial base, in which fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes was used during the reconstruction phase. An evaluation of the repair bar and the complications present was performed. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were used as summary measures. Results: 97.2% of the repair barriers were classified as optimal. With the use of fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes, 2.0% of cerebrospinal fluid leak, 0.8% of central nervous system infection, 4.0% of postoperative nasal scabs are reported. Conclusions: The present study evidences the positive effect of the use of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin in the repair of the skull cranial base, with great impact on the rate of cerebrospinal fluid leak and sinonasal quality of life.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se reconoce la asociación entre los factores de riesgo aterogénico y las alteraciones microvasculares de la retina, pero no hay consenso sobre si estas afectaciones en la retina preceden o son una respuesta fisiopatológica a dichos factores. Objetivo: Determinar si la presencia de los factores de riesgo aterogénico predice las alteraciones vasculares retinianas, a través del fondo de ojo y la retinografía. Métodos: Estudio trasversal en 55 sujetos mayores de 19 años de edad, de cualquier sexo, sin opacidades en los medios transparentes del ojo. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, dislipidemia, hábito de fumar, consumo de alcohol, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, índice de masa corporal, colesterol, glicemia, triglicéridos, creatinina, lipoproteínas de alta densidad, urea, eritrosedimentación y conteo leucocitario. Resultados: El 65,45 % presentó alteraciones en el fondo de ojo: aumento del brillo arteriolar (53,03 %) y disminución del calibre arteriolar generalizado (52,24 %). La retinografía mostró daño en el 58,18 %: rectificación de los cruces arteriovenosos (65,71 %), tortuosidad venosa (28,21 %) y cruces arteriovenosos con aplastamiento (85,71 %). El aumento del colesterol sérico (p= 0,003) se asoció con la presión arterial sistólica (p= 0,037) en el fondo de ojo, y con el antecedente de hipertensión arterial (p= 0,023) en la retinografía. Conclusiones: El colesterol sérico, las cifras elevadas de tensión arterial sistólica y antecedentes de hipertensión arterial son los factores de riesgo que mejor predicen el daño vascular retinal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The association between atherogenic risk factors and retinal microvascular alterations is recognized, but there is no consensus on whether these retinal disorders precede or are a pathophysiological response to these factors. Objective: To determine if the presence of atherogenic risk factors predicts retinal vascular alterations, through fundus examination and retinography. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 55 subjects over 19 years of age, of either sex, without opacities in the transparent media of the eye. The variables studied were age, sex, dyslipidemia, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol, glycemia, triglycerides, creatinine, high-density lipoproteins, urea, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocyte count. Results: 65.45% presented alterations in the fundus of the eye: increased arteriolar brightness (53.03%) and decreased generalized arteriolar caliber (52.24%). Retinography showed damage in 58.18%: rectification of arteriovenous crossings (65.71%), venous tortuosity (28.21%), and arteriovenous crossings with crushing (85.71%). The increase in serum cholesterol (p= 0.003) was associated with systolic blood pressure (p= 0.037) in the fundus, and with a history of arterial hypertension (p= 0.023) in retinography. Conclusions: Serum cholesterol, high systolic blood pressure and a history of hypertension are the risk factors that best predict retinal vascular damage.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological parameters of adult Pelibuey sheep under conditions of the humid tropics of Mexico. Erythrocytes (RBC, x106/µL), haemoglobin (HB, g/dL), haematocrit (HTO, %), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, fL), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH, pg), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were analysed. (MCHC, g/dL), leukocyte count (WBC, x103/µL) and platelets (PLT, x103/µL) through descriptive statistics of 86 adult, non-pregnant, non-lactating sheep. The values were: RCB 10.35±1.08 x106 /µL; HB 10.83 ± 1.53 g/dL, HTO 33.97 ± 3.79%, MCV 32.78 ±2.49 fL, MCH 10.63 ±1.16 pg, MCHC 32.55 ±3.35 g/dL, WBC 10.75 ±5.78 x103/ µL, PLT 340±658 x103/µL. The haematological parameters obtained are within the average values of the species.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los parámetros hematológicos de ovejas Pelibuey adultas bajo condiciones del trópico húmedo de México. Se analizaron eritrocitos (RBC, x106 /µL), hemoglobina (HB, g/dL), hematocrito (HTO, %), volumen corpuscular medio (VCM, fL), hemoglobina corpuscular media (HCM, pg), concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM, g/dL), conteo de leucocitos (WBC, x103 /µL) y plaquetas (PLT, x103 /µL) a través de estadística descriptiva de 86 ovejas adultas, no gestantes no lactantes. Los valores fueron: RCB 10.35±1.08 x106 /µL; HB 10.83 ±1.53 g/dL, HTO 33.97±3.79%, VCM 32.78 ±2.49 fL, HCM 10.63±1.16 pg, CHCM 32.55 ±3.35 g/dL, WBC 10.75 ±5.78 x103 /µL, PLT 340±658 x103 /µL. Los parámetros hematológicos obtenidos se encuentran dentro de los valores medios de la especie.

ABSTRACT Gallstone ileus-induced intestinal obstruction is a rare but significant condition that occurs when a gallstone becomes lodged in the gastrointestinal tract. Major risk factors for gallstone ileus-induced intestinal obstruction include older age, female sex, diabetes, history of gallbladder disease such as gallstones, as well as previous gallbladder-related surgical procedures such as cholecystectomy. Pregnancy is also a known risk factor for gallstone disease. We present the case of a 38-year-old patient with a history of three cesarean sections and no apparent comorbidities. Prior to her visit to the emergency department, the patient experienced moderate colicky abdominal pain in the lower abdomen for two days. The physical examination revealed diffuse abdominal tenderness, predominantly in the right iliac fossa, along with signs of irritation of the peritoneum. Laboratory tests showed a leukocyte count of 11,490 cells/µl and neutrophilia of 85.6 %. Following an exploratory laparotomy, the suspected diagnosis of gallstone ileus was confirmed. An enterolithotomy was performed, and the patient experienced good post-surgical progress. In conclusion, it is important to consider gallstone ileus-induced intestinal obstruction among patients with relevant symptoms and medical history. This case report highlights the importance of considering gallstone ileus-induced intestinal obstruction among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of pregnancy. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent serious complications.

RESUMEN La obstrucción intestinal inducida por íleo biliar es una condición rara pero significativa que se produce cuando una piedra en la vesícula se aloja en el tracto gastrointestinal. Entre los principales factores de riesgo para la obstrucción intestinal inducida por íleo biliar se encuentran la edad avanzada, el sexo femenino, la diabetes, los antecedentes de enfermedad biliar como cálculos biliares, así como procedimientos quirúrgicos previos relacionados con la vesícula biliar, como la colecistectomía. También el embarazo es un factor de riesgo conocido para la enfermedad de los cálculos biliares. En este artículo, se presenta el caso de una paciente de 38 años con antecedentes de tres cesáreas previas y sin comorbilidades aparentes. Antes de acudir al departamento de emergencias, la paciente experimentó dolor abdominal con cólico moderado en la parte inferior del abdomen durante dos días. El examen físico reveló sensibilidad abdominal difusa, predominantemente en la fosa ilíaca derecha, junto con signos de irritación peritoneal. Los análisis de laboratorio mostraron un recuento de leucocitos de 11 490 células/μl y una neutrofilia del 85,6 %. Después de una laparotomía exploratoria, se confirmó el diagnóstico sospechado de íleo biliar por cálculo. Se realizó una enterolitotomía y la paciente mostró un progreso posoperatorio favorable. En conclusión, es importante considerar la obstrucción intestinal inducida por íleo biliar en pacientes con síntomas relevantes y antecedentes médicos. Este reporte de caso subraya la importancia de considerar la obstrucción intestinal inducida por íleo biliar en pacientes con síntomas gastrointestinales y antecedentes de embarazo. El diagnóstico temprano y la intervención son cruciales para prevenir complicaciones graves.

Abstract Background New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) occurs in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. It is still unknown whether clinical and laboratory data assessed upon hospital admission have predictive value for NOAF. Objectives To analyze, upon hospital admission, variables with predictive potential for the occurrence of NOAF in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods Observational, retrospective, case-control study. Electronic medical reports of consecutive patients, 60 years of age or older, hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia between March 1st and July 15th, 2020, were reviewed. Non-paired Student or chi-squared tests compared variables. A Cox proportional hazard model was employed to identify independent predictors of NOAF. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among 667 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, 201 (30.1%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. NOAF was documented in 29 patients (14.4%), composing group 1. Group 2 was composed of 162 patients without NOAF. Ten patients were excluded due to the AF rhythm upon hospital admission. In groups 1 and 2, there were differences in overall in-hospital survival rate (24.1 % vs. 67.9%; p<0.001), length of stay in ICU (11.1 ± 10.5 days vs. 4.9 ± 7.5 days; p=0.004) and need for mechanical ventilation rate (82.9% vs. 32.7%; p<0.001). In the Cox model, age > 71 y/o (HR=6.8; p<0.001), total leukocyte count ≤ 7,720 cels.μL-¹ (HR=6.6; p<0.001), serum [Na+] ≤ 137 mEq.L-¹ (HR=5.0; p=0.001), SAPS3 score > 55 (HR=5.6; p=0.002), and disorientation (HR=2.5; p=0.04) on admission were independent predictors of NOAF. Conclusion NOAF is a common arrhythmia in elderly hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinical and laboratory parameters evaluated on admission have a predictive value for the occurrence of NOAF during hospitalization. Newonset New onset (NOAF COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 analyze COVID-1 Observational retrospective casecontrol case control study 6 older st 15th th 2020 reviewed Nonpaired Non paired chisquared chi squared 005 0 05 0.0 significant 66 COVID19, 19, 20 30.1% 301 30 (30.1% criteria 14.4%, 144 14.4% , 14 4 (14.4%) 16 inhospital 24.1 241 24 (24. vs 67.9% 679 67 9 p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 001 p<0.001) 11.1 111 11 (11. 105 10 5 10. 49 4. 75 7 7. p=0.004 p0004 004 82.9% 829 82 (82.9 32.7% 327 32 p<0.001. . yo y o HR=6.8 HR68 HR 8 (HR=6.8 7720 720 7,72 cels.μL¹ celsμL¹ celsμL cels.μL ¹ cels μL cels.μL- HR=6.6 HR66 (HR=6.6 Na+ Na [Na+ 13 mEq.L¹ mEqL¹ mEqL mEq.L mEq L mEq.L- HR=5.0 HR50 (HR=5.0 p=0.001, p=0.001 p=0.001) SAPS HR=5.6 HR56 (HR=5.6 p=0.002, p0002 p=0.002 002 p=0.002) HR=2.5 HR25 (HR=2.5 p=0.04 p004 04 hospitalization COVID1 COVID- 202 00 0. 30.1 3 (30.1 14.4 (14.4% 24. (24 67.9 p000 p<0.00 11. (11 p=0.00 82.9 (82. 32.7 HR=6. HR6 (HR=6. 772 72 7,7 μL¹ [Na L¹ HR=5. HR5 (HR=5. HR=2. HR2 (HR=2. p=0.0 p00 30. (30. 14. (14.4 (2 67. p<0.0 (1 82. (82 32. HR=6 (HR=6 77 7, HR=5 (HR=5 HR=2 (HR=2 p=0. p0 (30 (14. ( p<0. (8 HR= (HR= p=0 (3 (14 p<0 (HR p= p<

Resumo Fundamento Fibrilação atrial nova (FAN) ocorre em pacientes internados por COVID-19. Há controvérsias quanto ao valor preditivo de dados clínicos e laboratoriais à admissão hospitalar para ocorrência de FAN. Objetivos Analisar, à admissão hospitalar, variáveis com potencial preditivo para ocorrência de FAN em pacientes com pneumonia por COVID-19. Método Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, caso-controle. Foram avaliados prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes consecutivos ≥ 60 anos, hospitalizados com pneumonia por COVID-19 entre 1º de março e 15 de julho de 2020. Comparações feitas pelos testes `t’ de Student ou qui-quadrado. Foi empregado modelo de risco proporcional de Cox para identificação de preditores de FAN. Considerou-se o valor de p < 0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Entre 667 pacientes internados por COVID-19, 201 (30,1%) foram incluídos. FAN foi documentada em 29 pacientes (14,4%) (grupo 1). Grupo 2 foi composto por 162 pacientes que não apresentaram FAN. Dez pacientes excluídos por estarem em FA na admissão hospitalar. Houve diferenças entre os grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente, no tempo de permanência em UTI (11,1±10,5 dias vs. 4,9±7,5 dias; p=0,004), necessidade de ventilação invasiva (82,9% e 32,7%; p<0,001) e mortalidade hospitalar (75,9% vs. 32,1%; p<0,001). No modelo de Cox, idade > 71 anos (hazard ratio [HR]=6,8; p<0,001), leucometria ≤ 7.720 cels.μL-1 (HR=6,6; p<0,001), natremia ≤ 137 mEq.L-1 (HR=5,0; p=0,001), escore SAPS3 > 55 (HR=5,6; p=0,002) e desorientação (HR=2,5; p=0,04) foram preditores independentes de FAN. Conclusões FAN é uma arritmia comum em idosos hospitalizados com pneumonia por COVID-19. Parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais avaliados na admissão são preditores de FAN durante internação. (FAN COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Analisar observacional retrospectivo casocontrole. casocontrole caso controle. controle caso-controle 6 COVID-1 º 2020 `t t quiquadrado. quiquadrado qui quadrado. quadrado qui-quadrado Considerouse Considerou se 005 0 05 0,0 significativo 66 COVID19, 19, 20 30,1% 301 30 (30,1% incluídos 14,4% 144 14 4 (14,4% grupo 1. . 1) 16 respectivamente 11,1±10,5 111105 11 10 5 (11,1±10, vs 4975 9 7 4,9±7, p=0,004, p0004 p=0,004 , 004 p=0,004) 82,9% 829 82 (82,9 32,7% 327 32 p<0,001 p0001 001 75,9% 759 75 (75,9 32,1% 321 p<0,001. hazard HR=6,8 HR68 HR =6,8 8 [HR]=6,8 p<0,001, 7720 720 7.72 cels.μL1 celsμL1 celsμL cels.μL cels μL cels.μL- HR=6,6 HR66 (HR=6,6 13 mEq.L1 mEqL1 mEqL mEq.L mEq L mEq.L- HR=5,0 HR50 (HR=5,0 p=0,001, p=0,001 p=0,001) SAPS HR=5,6 HR56 (HR=5,6 p=0,002 p0002 002 HR=2,5 HR25 (HR=2,5 p=0,04 p004 04 internação COVID1 COVID- 202 00 0, 30,1 3 (30,1 14,4 (14,4 11,1±10, 11110 (11,1±10 497 4,9±7 p000 p=0,00 82,9 (82, 32,7 p<0,00 75,9 (75, 32,1 HR=6, HR6 68 =6, [HR]=6, 772 72 7.7 μL1 (HR=6, L1 HR=5, HR5 (HR=5, HR=2, HR2 (HR=2, p=0,0 p00 30, (30, 14, (14, 11,1±10 1111 (11,1±1 49 4,9± 82, (82 32, p<0,0 75, (75 HR=6 =6 [HR]=6 77 7. (HR=6 HR=5 (HR=5 HR=2 (HR=2 p=0, p0 (30 (14 11,1±1 111 (11,1± 4,9 (8 p<0, (7 HR= = [HR]= (HR= p=0 (3 (1 11,1± (11,1 4, ( p<0 [HR] (HR p= 11,1 (11, p< [HR 11, (11

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the effect of cranberry extract used in patients with single urinary tract infections. METHODS: Patients with simple-type urinary tract infections were divided into two groups. Treatment with fosfomycin or cranberry tablet was started. On days 1, 3, and 7 of the treatment, whether there was a decrease in the complaints was evaluated with a Likert-type scale. The recovery status of urinary tract infections and the well-being of patients were compared via antibiotic and cranberry groups. RESULTS: After the treatment, the leukocyte levels of the cranberry users were at the same level as those of the other group, and the rate of well-being and the portion of patients that reported to be “very well” on days 3 and 7 in the cranberry group was significantly higher compared with the fosfomycin group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this study, it was determined that the patient's complaints decreased from day 3 and their well-being increased with the use of cranberry only. Specifically, on day 7, the well-being of the cranberry group was higher than that of the fosfomycin group. For this reason, cranberry is a favorable alternative to antibiotics in uncomplicated and simple urinary tract infections.

Abstract The present study evaluated the hematological, antiparasitic and growth responses in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed with diets supplemented with the microalgae Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris (0%; 10% A. platensis; 10% C. vulgaris; and 5% A. platensis+5% C. vulgaris). Tambaqui (n=60, 62.57 ± 8.76 g) were fed for 20 days with experimental diets. Blood samples collection was done to determine hematological parameters, and gills were removed to identify and count monogenetic parasites. Supplementation with A. platensis 10% reduced red blood cells count, in consequence mean corpuscular volume and mean hemoglobin concentration increased. Total leukocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts reduced with the use of A. platensis. Higher monocytes, eosinophil, and basophil numbers in tambaqui fed with diet supplemented with 10% C. vulgaris were observed and may have been due to the presence of immunostimulants in this microalga composition. Reduction on total cholesterol in tambaqui that received both microalgae (A. platensis 5%+C. vulgaris 5%) may indicate that combined supplementation presented greater benefits to the health for C. macropomum than separately. Both microalgae were efficient against monogenetic parasites of tambaqui. Thus, the dietary use of the microalgae A. platensis and C. vulgaris provided immunostimulant and antiparasitic efficacy in C. macropomum. Colossoma 0% 0 (0% 10 A C 5 platensis5 platensis+5 vulgaris. . vulgaris) n=60, n60 n 60 (n=60 6257 62 57 62.5 876 8 76 8.7 g 2 parameters increased leukocyte monocyte eosinophil monocytes composition (A 5C 5%+C separately Thus (0 1 platensis+ n=60 n6 6 (n=6 625 62. 87 7 8. ( n=6 (n= n= (n

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou as respostas hematológicas, antiparasitária e de crescimento de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) após alimentação com dietas suplementadas com microalgas Arthospira platensis e Chlorella vulgaris (0%; 10% A. platensis; 10% C. vulgaris; e 5% A. platensis+5% C. vulgaris). Exemplares de tambaqui (n=60, 62,57±8,76 g) foram alimentados por 20 dias com as dietas experimentais. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinação dos parâmetros hematológicos e brânquias foram retiradas para contagem de parasitos monogenéticos. A suplementação com A. platensis 10% reduziu o RBC, consequentemente aumentando os valores de VCM e HCM. As contagens de leucócitos (total) e de monócitos, eosinófilos e basófilos reduziram com o uso de A. platensis. Números altos de monócitos, eosinófilos e basófilos em tambaqui alimentado com dietas com 10% C. vulgaris foram observados e podem ter ocorrido devido à presença de imunoestimulantes na composição da microalga utilizada. Redução dos níveis plasmáticos de colesterol total em tambaqui indicou que a inclusão das duas microalgas (A. platensis 5%+C. vulgaris 5%) pode indicar que maiores benefícios à saúde do peixe do que quando separadamente suplementada. Ambas mostraram eficácia contra parasitos monogenéticos das brânquias de tambaqui. Assim, conclui-se que o uso das microalgas C. vulgaris e A. platensis promovem ação imunoestimulante com eficácia antiparasitária em C. macropomum. hematológicas Colossoma macropomum 0% 0 (0% 10 C 5 platensis5 platensis+5 vulgaris. . vulgaris) n=60, n60 n 60 (n=60 6257876 62 57 8 76 62,57±8,7 g 2 experimentais RBC HCM (total monócitos utilizada (A 5C 5%+C suplementada Assim concluise conclui se (0 1 platensis+ n=60 n6 6 (n=6 625787 7 62,57±8, ( n=6 (n= 62578 62,57±8 n= (n 6257 62,57± 625 62,57 62,5 62,

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the frequency of rotavirus, adenovirus, and rota-adenovirus co-infections and investigate the fecal leukocyte rate associated with these infections in patients with gastroenteritis. METHODS: This is a retrospective study. We identified patients who were admitted to the pediatric emergency department with acute gastroenteritis and had their stool samples tested for rotavirus and/or adenovirus antigens. Among them, we determined the individuals who underwent stool microscopy tests on the same day and recorded their results. RESULTS: A total of 1,577 patients who underwent testing for rotavirus and/or adenovirus antigens in their stool samples were identified. Among these patients, 583 individuals had concurrent fecal microscopy results. The prevalence of solely rotavirus antigen positivity was 16.4%, solely adenovirus antigen positivity was 2.9%, and rota-adenovirus co-infections were detected in 1.8% of the children. The fecal leukocyte rates in children infected with rotavirus, adenovirus, and rota-adenovirus co-infections were 4.8, 13.3, and 88.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of fecal leukocytes was detected at a high rate in cases of viral gastroenteritis, especially in rota-adenovirus co-infections. Therefore, clinicians should not consider only bacterial pathogens in the presence of fecal leukocytes. OBJECTIVE rotaadenovirus rota coinfections co METHODS study andor or them results RESULTS 1577 1 577 1,57 58 164 16 4 16.4% 29 2 9 2.9% 18 8 1.8 48 4.8 133 13 3 13.3 889 88 88.9% respectively CONCLUSION coinfections. infections. Therefore 157 57 1,5 5 16.4 2.9 1. 4. 13. 88.9 15 1, 16. 2. 88.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the diet of Sardinella brasiliensis on their hematological parameters. A total of 375 fish were distributed in 15 experimental units to evaluate the effects of the diet on their blood for 45 days. The levels of n-3 PUFA added in the diet were 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% of the lipid fraction. These values represent the total percentage of n-3 PUFA in the lipid fraction of the diet, and 0% n-3 PUFA was used as the negative control. Five fish from each experimental unit were sampled at the end of the experiment for hematological analysis, and the parameters measured include the total number of erythrocytes, hematocrit percentage, hemoglobin and glucose concentration and differential leukocyte count. Higher numbers of circulating eosinophils were observed in fish fed 0.3% and 1.2% n-3 PUFA. Although no significant differences were observed in several of the parameters, the results demonstrate that the health of the sardines was not affected by the addition of n-3 PUFA in their diet. It should be emphasized that this is the first study with emphasis on the blood analysis of S. brasiliensis. omega3 omega 3 omega- n3 n (n- 37 1 4 days n- 0 03 0.3 06 6 0.6 09 9 0.9 12 2 1.2 control erythrocytes count S (n 0. 1.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados ômega-3 (PUFA n-3) na dieta de Sardinella brasiliensis sobre seus parâmetros hematológicos. Um total de 375 peixes foi distribuído em 15 unidades experimentais para avaliar os efeitos da dieta em seu sangue durante 45 dias. Os níveis de PUFA n-3 adicionados à dieta foram 0, 0,3, 0,6, 0,9 e 1,2% da fração lipídica. Esses valores representam a porcentagem total de PUFA n-3 na fração lipídica da dieta, e 0% de PUFA n-3 foi usado como controle negativo. Cinco peixes de cada unidade experimental foram amostrados no final do experimento para análise hematológica, e os parâmetros medidos incluem o número total de eritrócitos, a porcentagem de hematócrito, a concentração de hemoglobina e glicose e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos. Foram observados números mais altos de eosinófilos circulantes em peixes alimentados com 0,3% e 1,2% de PUFA n-3. Embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças significativas em vários dos parâmetros, os resultados demonstram que a saúde das sardinhas não foi afetada pela adição de PUFA n-3 em sua dieta. Deve ser enfatizado que este é o primeiro estudo realizado com ênfase na análise sanguínea de S. brasiliensis. poliinsaturados poli insaturados ômega3 ômega 3 ômega- n3 n hematológicos 37 1 4 dias n- 0 03 0,3 06 6 0,6 09 9 12 2 1,2 negativo hematológica eritrócitos hematócrito leucócitos n3. 3. S 1,

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in unprecedented changes in the lives of humans and their companion animals, impacting their daily routines, social interactions, and stress levels. This study investigates the effect of pandemic-related restrictions, including limited time outside and changes in owner habits, on the stress indicators of 34 dogs and 29 cats. Cortisol levels, total leukocyte counts, eosinophil counts, and behavioral changes have been analyzed to assess how these species are differentially affected by the altered environment and human interactions during the pandemic. The study revealed important behavioral changes in cats while the biochemical and hematological parameters were considerably affected in dogs. Our findings shed light on the unique stress experiences of dogs and cats and underscore the importance of considering individualized strategies for managing their well-being during extraordinary circumstances. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 animals routines levels pandemicrelated related restrictions habits 3 2 counts wellbeing well being circumstances COVID1 1 COVID-

RESUMO A pandemia da covid-19 marcou o início de mudanças sem precedentes na vida dos seres humanos e dos seus animais de companhia, impactando as suas rotinas diárias, as interações sociais e os níveis de estresse. Este estudo investiga o efeito das restrições relacionadas à pandemia, incluindo tempo limitado fora de casa e mudanças nos hábitos dos proprietários, nos indicadores de estresse de 34 cães e 29 gatos. Os níveis de cortisol, a contagem total de leucócitos, a contagem de eosinófilos e as mudanças comportamentais foram analisados para avaliar como essas espécies são diferentemente afetadas pelo ambiente alterado e pelas interações humanas durante a pandemia. O estudo revelou importantes alterações comportamentais em gatos, enquanto os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos foram consideravelmente afetados em cães. As descobertas esclarecem as experiências únicas de estresse de cães e gatos e sublinham a importância de considerar estratégias individualizadas para gerir o bem-estar deles durante circunstâncias extraordinárias. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 companhia diárias proprietários 3 2 cortisol leucócitos bemestar bem estar extraordinárias covid1 1 covid-

ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance and physiological responses of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed diets containing pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb). A total of 240 juveniles were observed, with an average weight of 17.91±4.87g, distributed in 20 boxes with a capacity of 500 liters each, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications, containing 12 fish per replication. Five isoprotein diets (41% of crude protein) containing increasing levels of pequi oil (0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 3.8 and 5.5%) were assessed. The animals were kept in a water recirculation system, equipped with a filter, forced aeration, and a 12-hour photoperiod. To evaluate the performance, survival rate, weight gain, feed conversion, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate, hepatosomatic index, and digestive-somatic index were analyzed. For physiological responses, hematological parameters and indexes, and differential leukocyte counts were determined. The concentration of serum protein, albumin, and globulin was also determined at the end of a 60-day period. There was no effect of the inclusion of pequi oil on weight gain, feed conversion, and protein efficiency rate (p ˃ 0.05). The specific growth rate was significantly different (p ˂ 0.05) with the reduction of treatments. An increase in the hepatosomatic index was observed in the treatments, with significant differences (p ˂ 0.05) and a linear increase, resulting in evidence of a lack of essential fatty acids. Hematocrit values showed no differences, but discrepancies were observed (p ˂ 0.05) for the number of erythrocytes, which, however, remained within the reference values for the species. The hematometric ratios also showed differences between treatments (p ˂ 0.05), remaining within the reference values, not characterizing an anemic condition in the animals. The increase in serum protein levels suggests that pequi oil starts to act as an immunostimulant. However, the use of pequi oil in juvenile tambaqui was not able to guarantee an efficient growth rate. ABSTRACT Colossoma macropomum Caryocar brasiliense Camb. Camb . Camb) 24 1791487g g 17 91 4 87g 17.91±4.87g 2 50 each replications 1 replication 41% 41 (41 0.5, 05 0 5 (0.5 15 1.5 2.0 38 3 8 3. 5.5% 55 assessed system filter aeration 12hour hour photoperiod gain conversion digestivesomatic digestive somatic analyzed indexes albumin 60day day 60 period p 0.05. 005 0.05 acids erythrocytes which however species 0.05, , immunostimulant However 9 (4 0.5 (0. 1. 2. 5.5 6 00 0.0 ( 0. (0 5.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) in gingival tissues injury in rats. Methods: Twenty rats were categorized into two groups. In burn group, an excisional wound area was created by removing a 4-mm diameter flap from the left molar region in the mucoperiosteal region of the gingiva. In burn + ellagic acid group, 1.2 mg/mL EA was administered as irrigation for one week. Animals was sacrificed under anesthesia at the end of experiment. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) level were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) immunostainings were applied to tissues. Results: MDA, MPO, inflammation and leukocyte infiltration were high in burn group. Degeneration epithelium, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in connective tissue areas, and dilatation and congestion in blood vessels were observed in burn group. In burn + EA group, the gingival epithelium improved, collagen fiber production increased and organized dermis were observed. After burn injury, FGF and EGF activity was increased in EA treated groups. Conclusions: We suggest that EA have the potential for better healing outcomes in oral wounds. EA seems to have promising therapeutic efficacy to enhance oral wound healing. Purpose (EA Methods groups group 4mm mm 4 gingiva 12 1 2 1. mgmL mg mL week experiment MDA , (MDA) MPO (MPO GSH (GSH measured eosin (FGF (EGF Results areas improved Conclusions wounds (MDA