Abstract The article addresses the topic of executive functions and learning in university students. It is considered relevant at the present time, due to the diverse affectations that are perceived in the academic performance after the pandemic, problems to regulate their learning, the little capacity to look for relevant information and difficulties to abstract significant aspects of the data of interest are more and more evident. From here, the relevance of better understanding the role of executive functions in learning is raised, for which, we begin with several definitions that coincide in characterizing them as those that regulate, control, mediate the higher and more complex activities performed by the brain; they are located in the frontal cortex and have different rates of development throughout the life cycle, from childhood to young adulthood when they reach their full development. In addition to this, the components of executive functions are described, since they are varied depending on the authors and their relationship with learning. The approach is eminently neuropsychological, but there is a brief dialogue with the philosophy of Heidegger, Hume, and Locke. It concludes with several suggestions of possible activities that can be carried out to develop these functions in students.

Resumen El artículo aborda el tema de las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y el aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. Se considera relevante en el momento actual, debido a las diversas afectaciones que se perciben en el rendimiento académico luego de la pandemia, siendo cada vez más evidentes los problemas para regular el aprendizaje, la poca capacidad para buscar información relevante y las dificultades para abstraer aspectos significativos de los datos de interés. Desde aquí se plantea la relevancia de comprender mejor el papel de las FE en el aprendizaje, para lo cual, se inicia con varias definiciones que coinciden en caracterizarlas como aquellas que regulan, controlan y mediatizan las actividades superiores y más complejas que realiza el cerebro; se las ubica en el córtex frontal y tienen diversas tasas de desarrollo a lo largo del ciclo vital, desde la infancia hasta la adultez joven, en la que alcanzan su pleno desarrollo. Agregado a esto, se describen los componentes de las FE, puesto que son variados dependiendo de los autores y su relación con el aprendizaje. El enfoque es eminentemente neuropsicológico, pero se realiza un breve diálogo con la filosofía de Heidegger, Hume y Locke. Se concluye con varias sugerencias de posibles actividades que pueden llevarse a cabo para desarrollar estas funciones en los estudiantes.

Abstract Substations are key facilities within an electrical system, untimely failures tend to cause low quality and negative effects on the electrical supply. An early indicator of potential electrical equipment failure is the appearance of hot spots; therefore, its detection and subsequent programmed correction avoids incurring in major failures and unnecessary operation stops. In this research, 64 experiments of the YOLOv5 algorithm were carried out, with the purpose of proposing an automated computer vision mechanism for the detection of hot spots in thermal images of electrical substations. The best results show a mAP value of 81.99%, which were obtained with the YOLOv5m algorithm and the transfer learning application. These results leave a basis to deepen and improve the performance of the algorithm by varying other hyperparameters to those considered in this study.

Resumen Las subestaciones son instalaciones clave dentro de un sistema eléctrico; las fallas intempestivas tienden a causar baja calidad y efectos negativos del suministro eléctrico. Un indicador temprano de posibles fallas en los equipos eléctricos es la aparición de puntos calientes; por lo que su detección y posterior corrección programada evita incurrir en fallas mayores y paradas de operación innecesarias. En esta investigación se realizaron 64 experimentos del algoritmo YOLOv5, con la finalidad de proponer un mecanismo automatizado de visión por computadora para la detección de puntos calientes en imágenes térmicas de subestaciones eléctricas. Los mejores resultados muestran un valor mAP de 81,99 %, los cuales se obtuvieron con el algoritmo YOLOv5m y la aplicación de transfer learning. Estos resultados dejan una base para profundizar y mejorar el desempeño del algoritmo, variando otros hiperparámetros a los considerados en el presente estudio.

Resumo: O presente estudo analisa a disposição para pensamento crítico de 205 estudantes de escolas públicas de ensino médio em relação à aprendizagem da língua inglesa. Uma escala Likert de 6 pontos foi aplicada aos participantes para coleta de dados por meio da Escala de Disposição de Pensamento Crítico que consistia em 26 questões. Além do mais, foram coletadas características sociodemográficas dos participantes. A Escala de Disposição para o Pensamento Crítico compreendia sete dimensões: busca da verdade, mente aberta, analiticidade, sistematicidade, autoconfiança, pensamento crítico, curiosidade e maturidade cognitiva. O primeiro método de análise dos dados foi a estatística descritiva, esta análise abordou a pontuação média e o desvio padrão dos dados, seguida de uma análise de correlação de Spearman para encontrar relações entre o conjunto de dados, que mostrou correlações entre as sete dimensões, mas não entre as dimensões e as informações sociodemográficas. Finalmente, uma análise hierárquica de cluster foi realizada para dividir os dados e os respondentes em quatro grupos semelhantes, de acordo com suas respostas. Os resultados mostram que os estudantes de ensino médio não apresentam uma disposição forte nem fraca para o pensamento crítico; sua disposição é bastante indefinida.

Resumen: El presente estudio analiza la disposición hacia el pensamiento crítico de 205 estudiantes chilenos de colegios secundarios públicos en torno al aprendizaje del inglés. Una escala Likert de 6 puntos fue aplicada a los participantes para la colección de datos usando la Escala de Disposición hacia el Pensamiento Crítico que consistió en 26 preguntas; además de esto, las características sociodemográficas de los participantes fueron recopiladas. La Escala de Disposición hacia el Pensamiento Crítico contenía siete dimensiones: búsqueda de la verdad, amplitud mental, capacidad de análisis, sistematicidad, confianza en el razonamiento, curiosidad y por último madurez cognitiva. El primer método de análisis de datos fue la estadística descriptiva, este análisis abordó la media y desviación estándar de los datos, seguido por un análisis de correlación de Spearman para encontrar relaciones entre el conjunto de datos, que mostró correlaciones entre las siete dimensiones, pero no entre las dimensiones y la información sociodemográfica. Finalmente, un análisis clúster jerárquico fue efectuado para dividir los datos y encuestados en cuatro grupos similares, de acuerdo con sus respuestas. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes secundarios no presentan una fuerte ni débil disposición hacia el pensamiento crítico; su disposición es más bien indefinida.

Abstract: The present study analyzes the critical thinking disposition of 205 students from public high schools regarding English language learning. A 6-point-Likert scale was applied to the participants to collect data using the Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, which consisted of 26 questions; moreover, participants’ sociodemographic characteristics were gathered. The Critical Thinking Disposition Scale comprised seven dimensions: Truth- seeking, Open-mindedness, Analyticity, Systematicity, Self-confidence Critical Thinking, Inquisitiveness, and Cognitive Maturity. The first method of data analysis was descriptive statistics, this analysis addressed the data’s mean score and standard deviation, followed by a Spearman correlation analysis to find relationships among the dataset, which showed correlations among the seven dimensions but not between the dimensions and the sociodemographic information. Finally, a hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to divide the data and respondents into four similar groups, according to their answers. The findings show that high school students present neither a strong nor weak disposition to critical thinking; their disposition is rather undefined.

RESUMEN El estudio explora la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas inclusivas en la educación básica para fomentar un aprendizaje significativo. Con una metodología mixta, se analizan las percepciones de docentes y estudiantes y el impacto de estas estrategias en el rendimiento y participación de los alumnos. Los resultados asocian la aplicación de métodos inclusivos a una mayor comprensión y retención del conocimiento, promoviendo la igualdad y la diversidad. El artículo destaca la importancia de adaptar las prácticas educativas para satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes, subrayando el papel de los docentes en la creación de un ambiente de aprendizaje inclusivo y efectivo.

ABSTRACT This study explores the implementation of inclusive pedagogical strategies in basic education to promote meaningful learning. Using a mixed-methodology approach, it examines the perceptions of teachers and students and the impact of these strategies on student performance and participation. The results associate the application of inclusive methods with increased understanding and knowledge retention, promoting equality and diversity. The article highlights the importance of adapting educational practices to meet the needs of students, underscoring the role of teachers in creating an inclusive and effective learning environment.

Conocer los procedimientos didácticos que favorezcan adquirir de forma correcta el uso de la acentuación gráfica mediante el juego resulta muy relevante a nivel educativo para el niño. El objetivo del presente artículo es establecer la importancia de las estrategias lúdicas aplicadas para el aprendizaje de acentuación y tildación en el nivel primario. Para ello fue realizada una revisión sistemática de documentos y para el proceso de búsqueda se siguió la metodología PRISMA. El registro consistió en la revisión de documentos en Latindex, Dialnet, Scopus, SciELO y Elsevier, cuyo lapso de publicación se encuentre entre 2019 y 2023, como palabras clave fueron consideradas: estrategias, juegos, acentuación, primaria y ortografía, encontrándose 80 manuscritos en idioma español e inglés, de los cuales 30 fueron escogidos conforme a los criterios de inclusión. Los documentos afines a la revisión realizada muestran la importancia de introducir el juego como estrategia didáctica para conseguir que el estudiante de primaria aprenda a tildar y acentuar correctamente. Se concluye que, aunque las estrategias lúdicas de manera aislada no garantizan el aprendizaje integral respecto a competencias de acentuación y tildación, sí constituyen herramientas esenciales para alcanzar dicho aprendizaje.

Conhecer os procedimentos didáticos que auxiliam na aquisição correta do uso da acentuação gráfica por meio da brincadeira é muito relevante no nível educacional da criança. O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer a importância das estratégias lúdicas aplicadas para a aprendizagem da acentuação e da acentuação no nível primário. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de documentos e seguida a metodologia PRISMA para o processo de busca. O registro consistiu na revisão de documentos em Latindex, Dialnet, Scopus, SciELO e Elsevier, cujo período de publicação é entre 2019 e 2023, como foram consideradas palavras-chave: estratégias, jogos, acentuação, primária e ortografia, encontrando 80 manuscritos em espanhol e inglês idioma, dos quais 30 foram escolhidos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Os documentos relativos à revisão realizada mostram a importância da introdução do jogo como estratégia de ensino para garantir que os alunos do ensino fundamental aprendam a marcar e acentuar corretamente. Conclui-se que, embora as estratégias lúdicas isoladamente não garantam uma aprendizagem integral em termos de acentuação e habilidades de acentuação, constituem ferramentas essenciais para alcançar essa aprendizagem.

Knowing the didactic procedures that help to acquire the correct use of graphic accentuation through play is very relevant at an educational level for the child. This article aims to establish the importance of playful strategies applied for learning accentuation and accentuation at the primary level. For this purpose, a systematic review of documents was carried out, and the PRISMA methodology was followed during the search process. The registry consisted of the review of documents in Latindex, Dialnet, Scopus, SciELO, and Elsevier, whose publication period is between 2019 and 2023, as keywords were considered strategies, games, accentuation, primary and spelling, finding 80 manuscripts in Spanish and English, of which 30 were chosen according to the inclusion criteria. The documents related to the review carried out show the importance of introducing the game as a teaching strategy to ensure that primary school students learn to mark and accentuate correctly. It is concluded that although playful strategies in isolation do not guarantee comprehensive learning regarding accentuation and accentuation skills, they do constitute essential tools to achieve said learning.

The experiences of mentors, tutors, and writing consultants in the execution of their roles during unprecedented times, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, remain insufficiently explored and inadequately documented. This article, which adopts a qualitative research methodology with a specific focus on a rural-based comprehensive university in South Africa, delves into the experiences and reflections of mentors, tutors, and writing consultants in the course of their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic. We contend that providing safe spaces for mentors, tutors and writing practitioners to share their experiences on their roles not only during the pandemic should be central to all student support initiatives. This fosters a sense of reflection on their practices which in turn results in professional growth and development as reflective practitioners capable of enhancing student success in higher education. In assessing their work, data was gathered from a population comprising seventy-two selected mentors and tutors (referred to as MenTuts), as well as writing consultants affiliated with the Academic Development Unit (ADU) of the institution. Content and thematic analysis were employed to examine the data after coding. The reflections and experiences of MenTuts and writing consultants were both positive and negative. They expressed enthusiasm for their roles during the COVID-19 pandemic but also conveyed feelings of being overwhelmed by the challenges they faced. This underscores the need for exploring alternative approaches to mentoring, tutoring, and writing consultancy to enhance effective student learning and success in higher education during both present and future unprecedented times. Given the plethora of recent unprecedented events, higher education institutions in South Africa as well as in Africa should start undertaking innovative radical approaches for student support initiatives that are centred around engaging with mentors, tutors, and writing consultants to ensure that they are able to reflect on their experiences to enhance student learning.

In response to the growing number of people requiring access to higher education, the student numbers at distance education institutions grew significantly over the last decade (Unisa 2013; 2020). Unfortunately, many students who enrol at open distance learning institutions are not ready for the demands of distance e-learning. More than half of students enrolled at the open distance learning institution where this study was done drop out and the reasons have been well researched (Joubert and Snyman 2018; Mashile, Fynn, and Matoane 2020). It seems that universities' responses to Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4.3 - equal access to technical, vocational and higher education) (Unesco 2021) may unintentionally have created new vulnerabilities for the very group of people they have targeted for progress to end poverty, hunger and discrimination. As nearly a third of all students in South Africa are enrolled at Africa's largest open distance learning institution (Unisa 2018), it becomes crucial not only to increase access, but simultaneously to prioritise student retention and academic performance. This raises the question: How can and should lecturers teaching at distance-education institutions optimise the online teaching and learning environment in order to bridge the gap between access targets and academic performance targets? Following an autoethnographic research design, I share my own experiences of teaching two year-modules of the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) Foundation Phase programme offered via a continuous assessment (CA) approach. Two theoretical frameworks, namely the socio-critical model of Subotzky and Prinsloo (2011, 184), and Luna's (2018) theory of layers of vulnerability guided my understanding of the challenges associated with distance learning as well as my research design. My study reveals that the promise of CA does not always convert to optimal performance, and that contextual factors in distance education have a powerful impact on academic achievement despite the effort made by lecturers.

Doing a doctorate can be an experience but it can also be challenging. Doctoral students often experience high levels of stress, pressure, and expectations, which can have a negative impact on their mental health. There is very little research examining the psychological well-being of doctoral students during COVID-19 in the South African context. This study therefore aimed to assess the psychological well-being of doctoral students at a private South African university. A cross-sectional study was conducted with forty-two doctoral students, using a self-completed and validated questionnaire. The data were collected using the QuestionPro online platform. The significant predictor for positive emotion was identified using multiple of linear regression analysis using SPSS version 27.0. Most of the participants agreed highly regarding relatedness, autonomy and competence. Autonomy and competence are significant predictors of positive emotions. This study highlights the importance of perceived competence, autonomy, and positive emotions for the psychological well-being of doctoral students during unplanned and involuntary periods of remote learning. The findings provide insights into approaches that might be employed to enhance the well-being of doctorate students through distant learning, hence minimising the adverse consequences of this particular circumstance.

ABSTRACT The research presented is of experimental type. It is aimed at responding to the inadequacies presented in the educational teaching process in schools for the education of children with behavioral disorders. The objective is the proposal of a strategy with a socio-communicational approach. The results are materialized in the significant progress shown by the students, both in behavior and in learning. Empirical and theoretical methods were used in the research, among them: analysis and synthesis, historical and logical, observation, interview, pedagogical tests, quasi-experiment and document analysis.

RESUMEN La investigación que se presenta es de tipo experimental. Está dirigida a dar respuesta a las insuficiencias que se presentan en el proceso docente educativo en las escuelas para la educación de niños con trastornos de conducta. El objetivo es la propuesta de una estrategia con enfoque sociocomunicacional. Los resultados se concretan en los avances significativos que mostraron los educandos, tanto en la conducta como en el aprendizaje. En la investigación se emplearon métodos del nivel empírico y teórico, entre ellos: análisis y síntesis, histórico y lógico, observación, entrevista, pruebas pedagógicas, cuasiexperimento y análisis de documentos.

ABSTRACT As a result of the 2020 pandemic, an unexpected change occurred in university teaching, which mobilized higher education institutions to make a change in the way in-person teaching was conceived and consequently mobilized institutions towards a new educational paradigm, moving from face-to-face models to hybrid teaching and learning models with synchronous and asynchronous classes. This study aims to describe and analyze the impact of the implementation of evaluation strategies based on the empowerment and active participation of students. The methodology addressed complies with a qualitative approach with case studies. The results obtained show that the commitment of the students, from an evaluation process, which required them to make decisions, has a positive impact showing their expectations of academic achievement. Therefore, it is concluded that the possibility of generating and agreeing with the evaluation students in accordance with the learning results formally established in the program and the syllabus, promoting social justice at the time of evaluation, having each and every possibility to achieve the expected learning, it mobilized them towards a collective commitment among their peers, as well as the confidence of achieving the expected performances. The possibility of going beyond traditional tests, giving space to the generation of other products or evidence that confirms the achievement of learning implied placing students at the center of their own learning.

RESUMEN A raíz de la pandemia del año 2020, se produce un cambio inesperado en la docencia universitaria, que movilizó a las instituciones de educación superior, a realizar un cambio en la forma cómo se concebía la docencia presencial y en consecuencia movilizó a las instituciones hacia un nuevo paradigma educativo, pasando de modelos presenciales a modelos híbridos de enseñanza y aprendizaje con clases sincrónicas y asincrónicas. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar el impacto de la implementación de estrategias de evaluación basadas en el empoderamiento y participación activa de los estudiantes. La metodología abordada cumple con un enfoque cualitativo con estudios de casos. Los resultados que se obtienen dan cuenta que el compromiso de los estudiantes, desde un proceso de evaluación, que les demandó la toma de decisiones, impacta de manera positiva mostrando sus expectativas del logro académico. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la posibilidad de generar y acordar con los estudiantes de evaluación conforme a los resultados de aprendizaje formalmente establecidos en el programa y el syllabus, promoviendo en ello la justicia social en momento de evaluar, teniendo todos y todas las posibilidades de lograr los aprendizajes esperados, los movilizó hacia un compromiso colectivo entre sus pares, así como también en la confianza de lograr los desempeños esperados. La posibilidad de ir más allá de las pruebas tradicionales dando espacio a la generación de otros productos o evidencias que confirme el logro de aprendizajes implicó situar a los estudiantes en el centro de su propio aprendizaje.

RESUMO Em consequência da pandemia de 2020, ocorreu uma mudança inesperada no ensino universitário, que mobilizou as instituições de ensino superior para uma mudança na forma como o ensino presencial foi concebido e, consequentemente, mobilizou as instituições para um novo paradigma educativo, passando do presencial para o presencial. modelos presenciais até modelos híbridos de ensino e aprendizagem com aulas síncronas e assíncronas. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da implementação de estratégias de avaliação baseadas na capacitação e participação ativa dos estudantes. A metodologia abordada obedece a uma abordagem qualitativa com estudos de caso. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o comprometimento dos alunos, a partir de um processo avaliativo, que exigiu deles a tomada de decisões, tem um impacto positivo mostrando suas expectativas de desempenho acadêmico. Portanto, conclui-se que é possível gerar e pactuar com os alunos avaliados os resultados de aprendizagem formalmente estabelecidos no programa e no plano de estudos, promovendo a justiça social no momento da avaliação, tendo todas e cada uma das possibilidades de alcançar a aprendizagem esperada. , mobilizou-os para um compromisso coletivo entre os seus pares, bem como a confiança para alcançar os desempenhos esperados. A possibilidade de ir além dos testes tradicionais, dando espaço à geração de outros produtos ou evidências que confirmassem o alcance da aprendizagem implicava colocar os alunos no centro da sua própria aprendizagem.

ABSTRACT Education received incidence of the use of information technologies during the beginning of the pandemic. The objective was to describe the ubiquity of learning and the use of the rubric in the academic products elaborated by new students in a Peruvian public university. Likewise, the ubiquity of learning required that the new university students elaborate products mainly using ICTs, therefore, the rubrics had an impact on the virtual evaluations. The research had a descriptive level, ex post facto type and case study modality. The materials used were the rubrics elaborated from the need to evaluate ubiquitous learning. The method of analysis was statistical analysis. The research was carried out without conflicts of interest as informed consent was obtained. Among the main results, it is evidenced that students and teachers use virtual tools to strengthen learning, the grades were above the average, in novice university students. Among the conclusions, the changes in the teaching-learning process are highlighted, which were noticeable both for the teacher and especially for the students.

RESUMEN La educación recibió incidencia de uso las tecnologías de información durante el inicio de la pandemia. El objetivo fue describir la ubicuidad del aprendizaje y el empleo de la rúbrica en los productos académicos elaborados por los estudiantes noveles de una universidad pública peruana. Asimismo, la ubicuidad del aprendizaje requirió que los universitarios noveles elaborasen productos empleando prioritariamente usando las TICs, por tanto, las rúbricas incidieron en las evaluaciones virtuales. La investigación tuvo nivel descriptivo, tipo ex post facto y modalidad de estudio de caso. Los materiales utilizados fueron las rubricas elaboradas desde la necesidad de evaluar el aprendizaje ubicuo. El método de análisis fue el análisis estadístico. Se efectuó la investigación sin conflictos de intereses al cumplirse con el consentimiento informado. Entre los principales resultados, se evidencia que estudiantes y docentes emplean herramientas virtuales para fortalecer el aprendizaje, las calificaciones se encontraron por encima del promedio, en los universitarios noveles. Entre las conclusiones, se resalta los cambios en la enseñanza aprendizaje los cuales fueron notarios tanto para el docente y en especial para los estudiantes.

RESUMO A educação recebeu incidência do uso de tecnologias da informação durante o início da pandemia. O objetivo era descrever a ubiqüidade do aprendizado e o uso da rubrica nos produtos acadêmicos produzidos pelos novos estudantes de uma universidade pública peruana. Da mesma forma, a ubiqüidade do aprendizado exigia que os novos estudantes universitários produzissem produtos utilizando as TICs como prioridade e, portanto, as rubricas tiveram um impacto nas avaliações virtuais. A pesquisa foi descritiva, ex post facto e na forma de um estudo de caso. Os materiais utilizados eram rubricas desenvolvidas a partir da necessidade de avaliar o aprendizado ubíquo. O método de análise era a análise estatística. A pesquisa foi realizada sem conflito de interesses, uma vez que foi obtido o consentimento informado. Entre os principais resultados, é evidente que estudantes e professores usam ferramentas virtuais para fortalecer o aprendizado, as notas foram encontradas acima da média, em estudantes universitários novatos. Entre as conclusões, destacam-se as mudanças no ensino e na aprendizagem que foram perceptíveis tanto para o professor como especialmente para os alunos.

Post-graduate online students studying in cohorts are expected to collaborate effectively with their peers and instructors in the virtual environment and are presumed to have the necessary skills needed for self-directed online learning. However, studies have shown that the low retention and success rates in online learning could be attributed to individual students experiencing a sense of isolation in a community of online students. Providing various non-academic support is as crucial for ensuring success as academic support services. More importantly, the support should acknowledge and address the unique set of skills, experiences, and expectations of the individual student in the community of online learners. This study aimed to ascertain whether professional and administrative student support that focused on the individual needs of the post-graduate student promotes retention and success in online studies. A qualitative case study at a business school at a South African higher education institution evaluated the professional and administrative support types, range and timing in promoting success in online post-graduate studies. This included the content analysis of key documents such as the self-evaluation report and the survey report on evaluation, impact and lifelong learning of a post-graduate qualification, followed by a focus-group session to ascertain staff perceptions of the professional and administrative services and resources in promoting success in online post-graduate studies. Using Simpson's Proactive Motivational Support model (PaMS) as a lens, the study revealed a lack of motivational aspects of student support for online post-graduate students. Furthermore, the results affirmed the presumption of post-graduate students as a homogenous group prepared to succeed in online learning communities. Moreover, that limited provision was made to support online postgraduate students from remote areas and for those with disabilities. The study concludes that a more personalised approach to student support will motivate post-graduate students to become successful self-directed students in a community of online learners. Moreover, a focused school, college and institutional approach and an integrated inter- and intra-institutional collaboration are needed to enhance self-directed learning, foster a sense of belonging, and promote success in online post-graduate studies.

Resumo O processo de ensino-aprendizagem das disciplinas biológicas no contexto angolano passa por um processo de aperfeiçoamento em termos de implementação das diferentes formas de trabalho metodológico, de modo que o ensino de conteúdos citohistológicos é uma ferramenta valiosa na formação do futuro graduado. A aplicação de métodos de pesquisa de nível teórico e empírico, entre os quais se destacam o levantamento, a entrevista e a revisão de documentos, permitem verificar que ainda existem limitações na forma de estruturar sistemicamente o conteúdo citohistológico, uma vez que este não se baseia nos referentes do licenciado em Biologia. É por isso que existe a necessidade de desenvolver um procedimento metodológico para a estruturação sistemática do conteúdo citohistológico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Biologia na Universidade Cuito Cuanavale que permita a autogestão do conhecimento, que constitui processo e resultado como elementos dinâmicos durante a apropriação na internalização da aprendizagem universitária.

Resumen El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las disciplinas biológicas en el contexto angolano atraviesa por un proceso de perfeccionamiento en cuanto a la implementación de las diferentes formas de trabajo metodológico, por lo que la enseñanza del contenido citohistológico constituye una herramienta valiosa en el licenciado que se forma. La aplicación de métodos de investigación del nivel teórico y empírico, entre los que se destacan la encuesta, la entrevista y la revisión de documentos, permiten constatar que aún existen limitaciones en cómo estructurar sistemáticamente el contenido citohistológico al no estar fundamentado desde los referentes del Licenciado en Biología. Es por ello la necesidad de elaborar un procedimiento metodológico de estructuración sistémica del contenido citohistológico en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Biología en la Universidad Cuito Cuanavale que permita la autogestión del conocimiento, que constituya proceso y resultado como elementos dinamizadores durante la apropiación en internalización del aprendizaje universitario.

Abstract The teaching-learning process of biological disciplines in the Angolan context is undergoing a process of improvement in terms of implementing different ways of methodological work, consequently, the teaching of cytohistological content is a valuable tool in the graduate undergoing training. The application of research methods of the theoretical and empirical level, among which the survey, the interview and the review of documents stand out, allow us to verify that there are still limitations on how to systemically structure the cytohistological content as it is not based on the referents of the Bachelor in Biology. That is why there is a need to develop a methodological approach for the systemic structuring of the cytohistological content in the teaching-learning process of Biology at the University Cuito Cuanavale that allows the self-management of knowledge, which constitutes process and result as dynamic elements during the appropriation of university learning.

Resumo O Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem (DUA) foi sistematizado recentemente na universidade internacional, como uma proposta que se baseia em uma estrutura educacional que aborda a diversidade dentro da sala de aula e as características que tipificam a maneira como cada aluno aprende, porque se ajusta a ferramentas neurocognitivas e as TIC's, como parte contemporânea dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. No Equador, há contribuições que avançam para a oportunidade de implementar este modelo dentro das universidades, no entanto, a pesquisa e a entrevista com diretores e professores denotaram que, independentemente, existem potencialidades e instalações na Universidade de Guayaquil para sua implementação, é levado em consideração é praticamente nulo. Por esse motivo, propõe-se uma análise dos aspectos que facilitam ou impedem a implementação do DUA no nível da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Guayaquil.

Resumen Recientemente se ha sistematizado en la universidad internacional el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA), como una propuesta que se basa en un marco educativo que para atender la diversidad al interior del aula y las características que tipifican en cada estudiante su manera de aprender, pues se ajusta a herramientas neurocognitivas y de las TIC’s, como parte contemporánea de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En Ecuador hay aportes que avanzan hacia la oportunidad de implementar este modelo al interior de las universidades, no obstante la encuesta y la entrevista a directivos y docentes denotó que independientemente existen potencialidades y facilidades en la Universidad de Guayaquil para su implementación, su tenida en cuenta es prácticamente nula. Es por ello, que se propone un análisis de los aspectos que facilitan o impiden la implementación del DUA a nivel de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Guayaquil.

Resumen Recientemente se ha sistematizado en la universidad internacional el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA), como una propuesta que se basa en un marco educativo que para atender la diversidad al interior del aula y las características que tipifican en cada estudiante su manera de aprender, pues se ajusta a herramientas neurocognitivas y de las TIC’s, como parte contemporánea de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En Ecuador hay aportes que avanzan hacia la oportunidad de implementar este modelo al interior de las universidades, no obstante la encuesta y la entrevista a directivos y docentes denotó que independientemente existen potencialidades y facilidades en la Universidad de Guayaquil para su implementación, su tenida en cuenta es prácticamente nula. Es por ello, que se propone un análisis de los aspectos que facilitan o impiden la implementación del DUA a nivel de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Guayaquil.

BACKGROUND. Knowledge of learning style preferences is important for decisions related to teaching and learning. Even though data on learning style preferences are available in the literature, limited information is available about these preferences in optometry students in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVE. To explore the learning style preferences in an undergraduate optometry programme. METHODS. The study used a quantitative research design and online questionnaires for data collection. The Index of Learning Styles questionnaire was used to assess learning style preferences. Data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics, where p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS. Overall, 159 students completed the anonymous questionnaires. Most of the students were black (n=111), <21 years of age (n=83) and in their third year of study (n=53). The majority of students showed a balanced preference (between 47% and 65% for the different learning style dimensions). There was no significant association between demographic characteristics (gender and level of study) and learning style preferences. CONCLUSION. Optometry students have balanced learning styles. This information can be used by stakeholders responsible for optometry education in SA to better inform curriculum review endeavours and decisions related to teaching and learning. The information would be essential to make the educational environment contextually relevant and conducive to student learning.