RESUMO Este estudo foca no desempenho de vacas para produção de carne, criadas nos pântanos do Paraguai, examinando cinco genótipos bovinos; Brahman, Brangus, Nelore, bem como duas raças locais em risco de extinção. O principal objetivo é identificar e classificar variáveis fenotípicas que incluem variáveis sanguíneas, clínicas, de pelagem e saúde, demonstrando ligação causal com o peso vivo das vacas analisadas. Inicialmente, foram identificadas correlações elevadas entre diferentes variáveis incluídas neste estudo, e, então, utilizando técnicas avançadas de aprendizado de máquina e a aplicação de explicações aditivas de Shapley (SHAP), foi proporcionado um entendimento mais profundo dos fatores fortemente associados à adaptabilidade nestes ambientes, e, portanto, o respectivo desempenho zootécnico. A associação entre o componente genotípico bovino ligado à estação do ano mostrou ser o fator influente mais predominante sobre o peso vivo bovino. Variáveis como comprimento do pelo, hematócrito, fosfatase, fósforo, creatina phosphokinase, creatinina, proteína, cortisol, cálcio e a presença de endoparasitas foram destacadas, demonstrando sua importância hierárquica para a seleção animal. Os modelos de ML são ferramentas eficazes para estabelecer hierarquias de relevância em multivariáveis fenotípicas complexas, o que é crucial em programas de melhoramento genético em diferentes espécies zootécnicas, bem como em ambientes especiais e específicos, como os pântanos. carne Paraguai bovinos Brahman Brangus Nelore extinção sanguíneas clínicas saúde analisadas Inicialmente então SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) portanto zootécnico pelo hematócrito fosfatase fósforo phosphokinase creatinina proteína cortisol destacadas animal complexas zootécnicas específicos (SHAP

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the performance of cows for meat production raised in the wetlands of Paraguay, examining five cattle genotypes: Brahman, Brangus, and Nelore, as well as two local breeds at risk of extinction. The main objective is to identify and rank phenotypic variables, including blood, clinical, hair, and health variables, demonstrating causal linkage with the live weight of the cows analyzed. Initially, high correlations were identified between different variables included in this study; then, using advanced Machine learning (ML) techniques and the application of Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), a deeper understanding was provided of the factors strongly associated with adaptability in these environments, and, therefore, the respective zootechnical performance. The association between cattle genotypic components linked with the season of the year proved to be the most influential factor on cattle live weight. Variables such as hair length, hematocrit, phosphatase, phosphorus, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, protein, cortisol, calcium, and the presence of endoparasites were highlighted, demonstrating their hierarchical importance for animal selection. ML models are effective tools for establishing hierarchies of relevance in complex phenotypic multivariable, which is crucial in breeding programs for different zootechnical species and in special and specific environments like wetlands. Paraguay genotypes Brahman Brangus Nelore extinction blood clinical analyzed Initially then (ML SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) therefore length hematocrit phosphatase phosphorus phosphokinase creatinine protein cortisol calcium highlighted selection multivariable (SHAP

RESUMO Considerando a carência de trabalhos sobre as potencialidades dos ambientes imersivos na educação, este artigo busca investigar a relevância da Realidade Aumentada no ensino e aprendizagem de vocabulário em inglês como língua estrangeira a curto e longo prazo. Investiga-se também os efeitos deste ambiente imersivo em alunos com diferentes níveis de proficiência, a saber: níveis elementar e intermediário. No âmbito teórico, o estudo é fundamentado nos pressupostos da Teoria da Cognição Corporifica que concebe a mente e nossas experiências corporais com o mundo externo elementos centrais no processamento e aquisição de conhecimento. No âmbito metodológico, o ambiente em Realidade Aumentada usado na presente pesquisa foi aplicado a 15 alunos do Ensino Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFRJ, campus Eng. Paulo de Frontin e os dados obtidos foram gerados por meio de testes de vocabulário e questionário. Os resultados indicam que o ambiente em Realidade Aumentada pode contribuir significativamente para o aprendizado de vocabulário tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo, com destaque para os alunos de nível intermediário que foram os que mais se beneficiaram do ambiente testado. educação prazo Investigase Investiga proficiência saber teórico conhecimento metodológico 1 IFRJ Eng questionário testado

ABSTRACT Considering the need for studies on the potential of immersive environments in education, this paper aims to investigate the relevance of Augmented Reality in ESL/EFL in the shortand long-term vocabulary learning. It also investigates the effects of this immersive environment on students with different proficiency levels, elementary and intermediate levels. Theoretically, the study is based on the assumptions of the Embodied Cognition theory, which considers the mind and our bodily experiences with the external world as central elements in the processing and acquisition of knowledge. In the methodological scope, the Augmented Reality environment used in this research was applied to 15 students of Ensino Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFRJ, campus Eng. Paulo de Frontin and the data collected were generated through vocabulary tests and a questionnaire. The results indicate that the Augmented Reality environment can significantly contribute to vocabulary learning in the short and long term, especially for intermediate level students who benefited the most from the tested environment. education ESLEFL ESL EFL longterm term levels Theoretically theory knowledge scope 1 IFRJ Eng questionnaire

Abstract The study will focus on diagnosing the problem of students in the Bachelor of Intercultural Bilingual Education at the Bolívar State University struggling with the use of collaborative tools. The study will take place between October 2023 and February 2024. It is crucial to bridge the digital divide and foster digital inclusion in multicultural and bilingual settings through the use of collaborative tools and interactive methodologies in the learning process. This will enable the implementation of educational strategies based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, with a validated survey using a Likert scale to gather data on students' perceptions of ICT, collaborative tools and interactive methodologies. Additionally, the bibliographic review employed the analytical synthesis method. The data was processed using IBM SPSS 25.0 to analyse student satisfaction with the interactive methodologies and collaborative tools employed in the educational process. The results demonstrated a predominantly positive perception of these methodologies and tools, as well as their perceived utility and effectiveness by the respondents. This will enable the development of new innovative learning strategies for diverse intercultural and bilingual environments.

Resumen El estudio se enfoca en diagnosticar la problemática relacionada con el manejo de herramientas colaborativas por parte de los estudiantes de la carrera de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, durante el periodo de octubre de 2023 a febrero de 2024. Se destaca la importancia de cerrar la brecha digital y fomentar la inclusión digital en entornos interculturales y bilingües mediante el uso de herramientas colaborativas y metodologías interactivas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, con el fin de implementar estrategias educativas basadas en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). El estudio se realizó utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando una encuesta validada por un experto con escala Likert para recopilar datos sobre la percepción de los estudiantes hacia las TIC, herramientas colaborativas y metodologías interactivas. Además, se empleó el método de análisis-síntesis en la revisión bibliográfica. Los datos recopilados fueron procesados a través de IBM SPSS 25.0 para analizar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con las metodologías interactivas y las herramientas colaborativas utilizadas en el proceso educativo. Los resultados revelaron una percepción mayoritariamente positiva hacia estas metodologías y herramientas, así como su utilidad y efectividad percibida por los encuestados, lo que nos permitirá construir nuevas estrategias innovadoras de aprendizaje para entornos interculturales y bilingües diversos.

RESUMEN Este estudio pretende analizar la opinión y percepción de los agentes educativos portugueses sobre la integración de la educación socioemocional en las escuelas portuguesas. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a agentes educativos de diferentes niveles educativos, áreas científicas y regiones de Portugal. Aunque las últimas investigaciones indican que la educación socioemocional contribuye al éxito académico, a una mejor preparación para los retos de la vida, a la protección de la salud y a la creación de entornos de aprendizaje positivos, en Portugal, la educación socioemocional sigue desatendida. Según los participantes en el estudio, para integrar la educación socioemocional es necesario cambiar los planes de estudio, universalizar e invertir en el desarrollo de los conocimientos y el nivel socioemocional de los profesores, aumentar el apoyo social en la escuela, cambiar la organización escolar, y transformar el entorno en el que se debaten y deciden las políticas educativas.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the opinion and perception of Portuguese educational agents on the integration of socio-emotional education in Portuguese schools. To this end, semi-structured interviews were carried out with educational agents from different levels of education, scientific areas and regions of Portugal. Although the latest research indicates that socio-emotional education contributes to academic success, better preparation for life's challenges, health protection and the creation of positive learning environments, socio-emotional education continues to be neglected in Portugal. According to the participants in the study, in order to integrate socio-emotional education it is necessary to change curricula, universalise and invest in the development of teachers' knowledge and socio-emotional level, increase social support at school, change the school organisation, and transform the environment in which education policies are discussed and decided.

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a opinião e perceção dos agentes educativos portugueses sobre a integração da educação socioemocional na escola portuguesa. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a agentes educativos de diferentes níveis do ensino, áreas científicas e regiões de Portugal. Embora a investigação mais recente indique que a educação socioemocional contribui para o sucesso académico, para uma melhor preparação para os desafios da vida, para a proteção da saúde e para criação de ambientes de aprendizagem positivos, em Portugal, a educação socioemocional continua a ser negligenciada. Segundo os participantes no estudo, para a integração da educação socioemocional é necessário alterar os currículos, universalizar e investir no desenvolvimento do conhecimento e nível socioemocional dos docentes, aumentar o suporte social na escola, alterar a organização escolar e transformar o ambiente de discussão e decisão das políticas de educação.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A quality education for university students of medical sciences is part of the policy established by the Cuban State for Higher Education. Correspondingly, a research project is being developed aimed at raising the quality in the training process of the students of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey; For this reason, the objective of this text is to present the results of the process of characterization of the assumed problematic situation, taking into account the linguistic and technological dimensions, based on the application of research instruments during the initial diagnosis stage to professionals and students who make up the sample. Method: The research is classified as R&D, of a causal explanatory observational nature, which produces systems of actions to raise the quality of the training of future professionals at the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey and is developed between January 2023 and December 2024. The non-probabilistic sampling by quota is made up of students from different faculties, teachers, professionals and non-teaching workers. Results: Insufficiencies were found in the development of computer skills to complement their studies through the search for information in virtual learning environments, to which are added the difficulties that the students in the sample present in expressing themselves and understanding texts, using the use of English for professional purposes. Discussion: The results were compared with those of con scholars who, at a national and global level, have investigated the topic of achieving quality in training processes at the university, and with this the usefulness of the study was corroborated.

RESUMEN Introducción: Una educación de calidad para los estudiantes universitarios de las ciencias médicas es parte de la política establecida por el Estado cubano para el nivel superior. En correspondencia se desarrolla un proyecto de investigación dirigido a la elevación de la calidad en el proceso formativo de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey; por ello el presente texto tiene como objetivo exponer los resultados del proceso de caracterización de la situación problémica asumida, atendiendo a las dimensiones lingüística y tecnológica, a partir de la aplicación de los instrumentos de investigación durante la etapa del diagnóstico inicial a profesionales y estudiantes que conforman la muestra. Método: La investigación clasifica como I+D, de carácter observacional explicativo causal, que produce sistemas de acciones para elevar la calidad de la formación del futuro profesional de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey y se desarrolla entre enero de 2023 y diciembre de 2024. El muestreo no probabilístico por cuota está constituido por estudiantes de las diferentes facultades, docentes, profesionales y trabajadores no docentes. Resultados: Se constataron insuficiencias en el desarrollo de las habilidades informáticas para complementar sus estudios mediante la búsqueda de información en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, a lo que se suman las dificultades que presentan los alumnos dela muestra para expresarse y comprender textos, valiéndose del empleo del inglés con fines profesionales. Discusión: Se confrontaron los resultados con los de otros estudiosos que, a nivel nacional y mundial, han investigado sobre la temática acerca del logro de la calidad en los procesos de formación en la universidad y con ello se corroboró la utilidad del estudio.

Resumen: Este estudio se enfocó en explorar la evolución y el impacto de la integración de tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), tecnologías de aprendizaje y conocimiento (TAC) y tecnologías del empoderamiento y la participación (TEP) en el contexto del aprendizaje cooperativo (AC) en entornos educativos. Se realizó un análisis documental de artículos en bases de datos académicas durante los últimos 5 años. El estudio adoptó un enfoque inductivo y una metodología de investigación descriptiva para analizar la información recopilada. El objetivo principal fue identificar los fundamentos, evolución, estrategias de implementación, propuestas y otros parámetros de evaluación relacionados con la fusión de nuevas tecnologías en el AC y su influencia en la construcción de conocimiento significativo en el contexto educativo. Este trabajo abordó el papel crucial de la tecnología en el AC y exploró los beneficios y desafíos que surgen de su integración; además, destacó la relevancia del Marco de Conocimiento Pedagógico Tecnológico (TPACK) en el ámbito educativo. Los hallazgos revelaron que la integración de tecnologías ofrece ventajas como fomentar la colaboración, impulsar el desarrollo académico y promover el crecimiento socioemocional. Por otro lado, se destacó la necesidad de abordar desafíos relacionados con posibles distracciones y la falta de motivación.

Abstract: This study focused on exploring the evolution and impact of the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT), learning and knowledge technologies (LKT), and empowerment and participation technologies (EPT) in the context of cooperative learning (CL) in educational environments. A documentary analysis of articles from academic databases over the past 5 years was conducted. The study adopted an inductive approach and a descriptive research methodology to analyze the collected information. The main objective was to identify the foundations, evolution, implementation strategies, proposals, and other evaluation parameters related to the fusion of new technologies in CL and its influence on the construction of meaningful knowledge in the educational context. This work addressed the crucial role of technology in CL and explored the benefits and challenges arising from its integration; moreover, it highlighted the relevance of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework in the educational field. The findings revealed that the integration of technologies offers advantages such as fostering collaboration, boosting academic development, and promoting socio-emotional growth. On the other hand, the need to address challenges related to potential distractions and lack of motivation was emphasized.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a global crisis in higher education, where students were required to transition to emergency remote teaching (ERT). This study explored students' experiences of online assessments and feedback during the pandemic to inform future practice. METHODOLOGY: This study utilised a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design with purposeful sampling to describe student's experiences of online assessments. Data were collected from occupational therapy students in 2022. The Assessment Experiences Questionnaire was sent to all eligible participants (n=166). Data were analysed using SPSS version 28. RESULTS: Students reported that 'tackling' assignments made them apply their learning more deeply (79.75%; n=63). More than half of the students learned more from doing assignments than studying course material (61.25%; n=49). Majority of students felt they did not receive timely feedback through online assessments (67.5%, n=54)( which impacted their learning. More than half of the students use feedback in preparation for assignments (56.25%; n=45), hence timely and quality feedback is needed. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapy students had a positive experience of online assessments; however, the transition was challenging. It is recommended for lecturers to consider the challenges of online assessments, the number of assessments and timely feedback for an effective online learning process. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • For online learning to be effective, relevant and timely access to resources and support systems are required. These include internet access, resources like laptops and smartphones which facilitate engagement with remote learning. • The provision of institutional and academic support can positively influence students' experiences of online learning. • Timing and quality of feedback is essential to the online learning experience. Delayed feedback can negatively impact learning, emphasising the importance of timely feedback to aid student growth and improved learning outcomes. • Students' experiences and perceptions of how they receive feedback change over time. Thus, personalised feedback focusing on improvement rather than comparison to peers should be emphasised in the learning environments to which they are exposed. • The importance of effective time management in students is emphasised for online learning and students need to be equipped with these skills for this mode of learning.

ABSTRACT National policies aimed at valuing diversity in Mexico place inclusion as one of the priority objectives for the development of appropriate teaching and learning environments at the Basic Education levels. Given the fundamental role of teachers in this context, it is crucial to know their appreciation of inclusive practices. Accordingly, the purpose of this research article is to identify the disposition towards inclusion of a group of graduate student teachers. The methodology employed was quantitative of a descriptive type, in which several instruments that analyze different facets of inclusion in the teaching environment (SACIE-R, TEIP, GEPIA and CEFA) were used. A representative sample of Basic Education teachers participated, master's degree students from two main teacher training institutions in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, chosen through non-probabilistic sampling by accessibility. The main results indicate factors conducive to inclusion, but also the perception of a lack of specific training and support programs; information that impacts on training and institutional support necessary to implement inclusive school intervention in the regular classroom.

RESUMEN Las políticas nacionales orientadas a la valoración de la diversidad en México sitúan a la inclusión como uno de los objetivos prioritarios para el desarrollo de entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje adecuados en los niveles de Educación Básica. Dado el papel fundamental del docente en este contexto, resulta crucial conocer su apreciación de las prácticas incluyentes. En correspondencia con lo anterior, el propósito del presente artículo de investigación es identificar la disposición hacia la inclusión de un grupo de docentes estudiantes de posgrado. La metodología empleada fue cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva, en la que se utilizaron varios instrumentos que analizan diferentes facetas de la inclusión en el entorno del profesorado (SACIE-R, TEIP, GEPIA y CEFA). Participó una muestra representativa de profesores de Educación Básica, alumnos de maestría de dos principales instituciones formadoras de docentes del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, elegidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por accesibilidad. Los principales resultados indican factores propicios para la inclusión, pero también, la percepción de carencias en capacitación específica y programas de soporte; información que impacta en la formación y en el apoyo institucional, necesarios para implementar la intervención escolar inclusiva en el aula regular.

Abstract This article aims to examine the effectiveness of Flipped Learning (FL) as a methodology for teaching English subjects to seventh-grade students. The study suggests that FL fosters an active and engaging learning environment by encouraging students to take control of their learning process. While the teacher remains the primary facilitator, they guide students and provide continuous, hands-on assessment. Research shows that applying the FL model promotes student participation and interaction with the teacher, thus improving student engagement. The methodology section of this article describes the processes followed to collect data, starting with a bibliometric analysis to build the state of the art, followed by an experimental approach to evaluate the method. A Likert-scale survey was used to measure student perceptions and opinions, proving an effective data collection method. A quantitative approach was used to assess students’ perceptions of LF. The results reveal that FL is an effective methodology that improves student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. Consequently, the analysis suggests that FL is an innovative didactic approach that can improve student motivation and learning outcomes by designing and implementing innovative pedagogical strategies.

Resumen Este artículo pretende examinar la eficacia del Flipped Learning (FL) como metodología para enseñar asignaturas de inglés a alumnos de séptimo curso. El estudio sugiere que el FL fomenta un entorno de aprendizaje activo y atractivo al animar a los estudiantes a tomar el control de su proceso de aprendizaje. Mientras el profesor sigue siendo el principal facilitador, guía a los alumnos y les proporciona una evaluación continua y práctica. La investigación muestra que la aplicación del modelo FL promueve la participación de los estudiantes y la interacción con el profesor, mejorando así el compromiso de los estudiantes. La sección de metodología de este artículo describe los procesos seguidos para recopilar datos, comenzando con un análisis bibliométrico para construir el estado del arte, seguido de un enfoque experimental para evaluar el método. Se utilizó una encuesta de escala Likert para medir las percepciones y opiniones de los estudiantes, demostrando ser un método eficaz de recogida de datos. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo para evaluar las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre la FL. Los resultados revelan que FL es una metodología eficaz que mejora el compromiso, la motivación y los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. En consecuencia, el análisis sugiere que FL es un enfoque didáctico innovador que puede mejorar la motivación de los estudiantes y los resultados del aprendizaje mediante el diseño y la aplicación de estrategias pedagógicas innovadoras.

The political and social environments in which learners with disabilities live often cause more limitation on the individual abilities of these learners than the disability itself (Capri et al., 2018:2). Likewise, mathematical thinking for learners who are severely mentally disabled is often limited to concretisation or memorisation, which tends to undermine mathematical number sense. This study was undertaken against the background of a lack of methodological guidelines for the teaching of mathematics in the new adapted curriculum for learners who are severely intellectually disabled. Context-rich mathematics tasks for the development of mathematical thinking in learners who are severely intellectually disabled were used during the study. A qualitative research approach was followed in which empirical data were generated through three action research cycles. Data were collected through in-depth discussions, field notes, a literature review and learner work. Vygotsky's (1978:6) sociocultural theory was used as a theoretical framework because it highlights the importance of social interactions and mediated learning. The Reality, Abstraction, Mathematics and Reflection (RAMR) framework of Cooper and Carter (2016:177) is used as a didactic framework for a practical approach to mathematics education in the study. According to the data from in-depth discussions with five educators, learners with intellectual disability are perceived to have limited number sense knowledge. These educators also indicated that their choice of learning tasks only included number facts, arithmetic fluency, memorisation, and teaching with concrete apparatus. Data from the in-depth discussions with two mathematics subject advisors working in special education pointed out educators'limited didactical knowledge for teaching mathematics to learners who are severely intellectually disabled. Based on these data, a teaching intervention was designed and implemented for six months. The purpose was to investigate the effect on participation and learning of changing the researcher's practice to focus on mathematical reasoning in context rich tasks. The lived experiences of the ten learners who were involved in the teaching intervention were included as a background to mathematics problems to design context-rich tasks. The guidelines from the research entail that real-life contexts in which mathematical problem types are embedded are conducive to learning experiences that are rich in discussion for learners who are severely intellectually disabled. Such an approach has the potential to make mathematics more meaningful to learners who are severely intellectually disabled, improve their mastery of contexts, and develop critical thinking. Findings from the action research process can be adapted to similar mathematics teaching practices.

Die politiese en sosiale omgewings waarin leerders met gestremdhede leef, veroorsaak dikwels meer beperking van die individuele vermoëns van dié leerders as die gestremdheid self (Capri et al., 2018:2). Eweneens word wiskundige denke vir leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is dikwels tot konkretisering en memorisering beperk, wat neig om begrip te ondermyn. Hierdie studie is onderneem teen die agtergrond van 'n tekort aan metodologiese riglyne vir die onderrig van wiskunde in die nuwe aangepaste kurrikulum vir leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is. Konteksryke wiskundetake ter ontwikkeling van wiskundige denke by leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is, is tydens die studie gebruik. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gevolg waarin empiriese data gegenereer is deur middel van drie aksienavorsingsiklusse. Data is deur semi-gestruktureerde fokusgroep-onderhoude, veldnotas, 'n literatuuroorsig en leerderwerk ingesamel. Die literatuuroorsig is onderneem om 'n onderrig- en teoretiese raamwerk vir die studie te skep. Vygotsky (1978:6) se sosiokulturele teorie is as teoretiese raamwerk gebruik omdat dit die belangrikheid van sosiale interaksies en bemiddelde leer uitlig. Die Realiteit, Abstraksie, Wiskunde en Refleksie (RAWR)-onderrigraamwerk van Cooper en Carter (2016:177) word as didaktiese raamwerk vir 'n praktiese aanslag tot wiskundeonderrig in die studie aangewend. Volgens die data van die fokusgroeponderhoud met vyf opvoeders, beskik leerders met intellektuele gestremdheid oor beperkte getalbegripkennis. Dié opvoeders het ook aangedui dat hul keuse van leertake slegs getalfeite, rekenvlotheid, memorisering en onderrig met konkrete apparaat insluit. Data uit die fokusgroeponderhoud met twee wiskundespesialiste wat in spesiale onderwys werksaam is, het opvoeders in die navorsingskool se beperkte didaktiese kennis vir wiskundeonderrig aan leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is, uitgewys. Gebaseer op hierdie data is 'n onderrigingreep ontwerp en vir ses maande geïmplementeer. Die tien leerders wat by die onderrigingreep betrek is, se geleefde ervaringe is as agtergrond by wiskundeprobleme ingesluit om konteksryke take te ontwerp. Die riglyne wat uit die navorsing spruit, het tot gevolg dat lewensegte kontekste waarin wiskundige probleemtipes ingebed is, nuttig gebruik kan word in gespreksryke leerervarings vir leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is. Só 'n benadering het die potensiaal om wiskunde vir leerders wat verstandelik erg gestremd is meer betekenisvol te maak, hulle beheersing van kontekste te verbeter, en kritiese denke te ontwikkel. Bevindinge uit die aksienavorsingsproses kan aangepas word vir soortgelyke wiskundeonderrigpraktyke.

Abstract: This article invites reflection on the role of school furniture, understood as chairs, tables, or desks, in the current educational context. It proposes an understanding from Actor-Network Theory (ANT), which considers non-human elements as agents that form networks and establish connections in school environments, potentially actively intervening in learning processes, pedagogical practices, and teaching conceptions. Historical background is presented to argue that the classroom performs through its furniture the ways in which children have learned in the past and continue to learn today. Four news stories from the chilean educational context, published in digital news outlets and newspapers, are presented as examples, allowing us to question whether school desks and chairs still translate 19th-century education conceptions associated with a passive, unidirectional transmission approach to knowledge and the immobility of the body confined to school benches. Finally, the reflection highlights the importance of considering the characteristics, arrangement, and no conventional use of school furniture as elements that, in conjunction with students and teachers, can support the achievement of inclusive, participatory, and collaborative learning approaches.

Resumen: El presente artículo reflexiona respecto al papel que tiene el mobiliario escolar, entendido como sillas, mesas o escritorios, en el contexto escolar actual. Se propone un análisis desde la Teoría de Actor Red (TAR) la cual comprende a los elementos no humanos como agentes que conforman redes y establecen conexiones en los ambientes escolares, pudiendo intervenir activamente en los procesos de aprendizaje, en las prácticas pedagógicas y las concepciones docentes. Se exponen antecedentes históricos a fin de argumentar que la sala de clases performa, a través de su mobiliario, las formas en que las niñeces han aprendido en el pasado y continúan aprendiendo hoy. Se presentan 4 noticias del contexto educativo chileno, las cuales permiten cuestionarnos si mesas y sillas escolares aún continúan traduciendo las concepciones de educación del siglo XIX, asociadas a un enfoque pasivo de transmisión unidireccional de conocimientos y a la inmovilidad del cuerpo circunscrita a los bancos escolares. Finalmente, la reflexión releva la importancia de considerar las características, la disposición y las formas no convencionales de utilización del mobiliario escolar como elementos que, en articulación con estudiantes y docentes, pueden apoyar el alcance de enfoques inclusivos, participativos y colaborativos durante el aprendizaje.

Resumo: Este artigo convida à reflexão sobre o papel dos móveis escolares, entendidos como cadeiras, mesas ou carteiras, no contexto educacional atual. Ele propõe uma compreensão a partir da Teoria do Ator-Rede (ANT), que considera elementos não-humanos como agentes que formam redes e estabelecem conexões em ambientes escolares, potencialmente intervindo ativamente nos processos de aprendizagem, práticas pedagógicas e concepções de ensino. Um histórico é apresentado para argumentar que a sala de aula, por meio de seus móveis, reflete as maneiras como as crianças aprenderam no passado e continuam a aprender hoje. Quatro notícias do contexto educacional chileno, publicadas em sites de notícias digitais e jornais, são apresentadas como exemplos, permitindo questionar se as carteiras e cadeiras escolares ainda traduzem concepções educacionais do século XIX associadas a uma abordagem de transmissão passiva e unidirecional do conhecimento e à imobilidade do corpo confinado aos bancos escolares. Por fim, a reflexão destaca a importância de considerar as características, disposição e uso não convencional dos móveis escolares como elementos que, em conjunto com alunos e professores, podem apoiar a conquista de abordagens inclusivas, participativas e colaborativas de aprendizagem.

Abstract The study explores the strengthening of collaborative skills among students of Education at the Salesian Polytechnic University, Guayaquil Campus. It analyzes the influence of virtual learning environments (VLE) on the progress of these skills, vital in contemporary work contexts. The research emphasizes the importance of incorporating cooperative and technological methodologies in the training of future teachers. Using a mixed method that integrates literature review, surveys, and interviews, the study investigates the perceptions of students and educators about the role of VLEs. The findings reveal favorable attitudes towards these environments, with special emphasis on applications like Moodle and Google Workspace to enhance cooperation. It is concluded that VLEs facilitate the development of collaborative skills, although further research is suggested on various pedagogical strategies and the application of diverse technological tools in future studies.

Resumen El estudio explora el fortalecimiento de competencias colaborativas entre alumnos de Educación de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Sede Guayaquil. Se analiza la influencia de los ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje (AVA) en el progreso de dichas competencias, vitales en contextos laborales contemporáneos. La investigación subraya la importancia de incorporar metodologías cooperativas y tecnológicas en la formación universitaria de los docentes. Utilizando un método mixto que integra revisión de literatura, encuestas y entrevistas, se indaga en las percepciones de estudiantes y educadores acerca del rol de los AVA. Los hallazgos revelan actitudes favorables hacia estos entornos, con especial énfasis en aplicaciones como Moodle y Google Workspace para mejorar la cooperación. Se concluye que los AVA facilitan el desarrollo de habilidades de colaboración, aunque se sugiere una investigación más profunda sobre diversas estrategias pedagógicas y la aplicación de variadas herramientas tecnológicas en estudios futuros.

As políticas nacionais destinadas a valorizar a diversidade no México colocam a inclusão como um dos objetivos prioritários para o desenvolvimento de ambientes de ensino e aprendizagem adequados nos níveis da Educação Básica. Dado o papel fundamental do professor neste contexto, é crucial conhecer a sua valorização das práticas inclusivas. Em correspondência com o exposto, o objetivo deste artigo de pesquisa é identificar a disposição para a inclusão de um grupo de professores pós-graduandos. A metodologia utilizada foi quantitativa e descritiva, na qual foram utilizados diversos instrumentos que analisam diferentes facetas da inclusão no ambiente de ensino (SACIE-R, TEIP, GEPIA e CEFA). Participou uma amostra representativa de professores da Educação Básica, alunos de mestrado de duas principais instituições de formação de professores do estado de San Luis Potosí, México, escolhidos através de amostragem não probabilística devido à acessibilidade. Os principais resultados indicam factores propícios à inclusão, mas também a percepção de deficiências em programas específicos de formação e apoio; informações que impactem a formação e o apoio institucional, necessários para implementar a intervenção escolar inclusiva na sala de aula regular.

Las políticas nacionales orientadas a la valoración de la diversidad en México sitúan a la inclusión como uno de los objetivos prioritarios para el desarrollo de entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje adecuados en los niveles de Educación Básica. Dado el papel fundamental del docente en este contexto, resulta crucial conocer su apreciación de las prácticas incluyentes. En correspondencia con lo anterior, el propósito del presente artículo de investigación es identificar la disposición hacia la inclusión de un grupo de docentes estudiantes de posgrado. La metodología empleada fue cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva, en la que se utilizaron varios instrumentos que analizan diferentes facetas de la inclusión en el entorno del profesorado (SACIE-R, TEIP, GEPIA y CEFA). Participó una muestra representativa de profesores de Educación Básica, alumnos de maestría de dos principales instituciones formadoras de docentes del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, elegidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por accesibilidad. Los principales resultados indican factores propicios para la inclusión, pero también, la percepción de carencias en capacitación específica y programas de soporte; información que impacta en la formación y en el apoyo institucional, necesarios para implementar la intervención escolar inclusiva en el aula regular.

National policies aimed at valuing diversity in Mexico, place inclusion as one of the priority objectives for the development of appropriate teaching and learning environments at the Basic Education levels. Given the fundamental role of teachers in this context, it is crucial to know their appreciation of inclusive practices. Accordingly, the purpose of this research article is to identify the disposition towards inclusion of a group of graduate student teachers. The methodology employed was quantitative of a descriptive type, in which several instruments that analyze different facets of inclusion in the teaching environment (SACIE-R, TEIP, GEPIA and CEFA) were used. A representative sample of Basic Education teachers participated, master's degree students from two main teacher training institutions in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, chosen through non-probabilistic sampling by accessibility. The main results indicate factors conducive to inclusion, but also the perception of a lack of specific training and support programs; information that impacts on training and institutional support necessary to implement inclusive school intervention in the regular classroom.

ABSTRACT The program of information and communications technologies has been implemented in all the institutions belonging to the health sector in Cuba, because it favors the training through the teaching and learning environments in function of development and academic perspectives, by means of technological platforms to facilitate the exchange of information. In this work the necessity to increase the wiki use as educational tool in enhanced, that favors the collaborative learning as a process of knowledge creation through the web 2.0, where contents are not only published but also contributes to develop cooperation abilities in the training processes of public health.

RESUMEN El programa de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones se ha implementado en todas las instituciones pertenecientes al sector de la salud en Cuba, pues favorece la formación a través de los entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en función del desarrollo y las perspectivas académicas, mediante plataformas tecnológicas para facilitar el intercambio de información. En el presente artículo se destaca la necesidad de incrementar el uso de la wiki como herramienta educativa, que favorece el aprendizaje colaborativo como un proceso de creación de conocimiento a través de la web 2.0, donde no solo se publican contenidos sino que contribuye a desarrollar habilidades de cooperación en los procesos formativos de la salud pública.

ABSTRACT In the context of digital education, Learning Management Systems (LMS) play a critical role in the delivery and management of educational content. This study focuses on the use of Moodle Logs Analytics, an open-source tool, to analyze student interactions on the Moodle platform, within five editions of a Digital Narratives course in the Master's program of Digital Environments at the Bolivarian University of Ecuador. Through a quantitative analysis of 108,482 activity logs, student behavior was characterized in relation to resource access, forum participation, assignment submissions, and quiz completions. Additionally, non-parametric ANOVA tests (Kruskal-Wallis) and Spearman's correlation analyses were used to assess differences between course editions and the relationship between studied variables. The results revealed significant differences in access patterns and learning activities, highlighting variability in participation that did not always correspond with the number of resources available. It was observed that the edition PM-EED-B23-02P4-30 showed a significant increase in activities, though without a proportional increase in forum participation. Based on these findings, recommendations for implementing adaptive pedagogical strategies are proposed, and directions for future research that delve into learning analytics and its application in improving digital educational environments are suggested.

RESUMEN En el contexto de la educación digital, los Sistemas de Gestión del Aprendizaje (LMS) juegan un papel crítico en la entrega y gestión de contenido educativo. Este estudio se centra en la utilización de Moodle Logs Analytics, una herramienta de código abierto, para analizar la interacción de los estudiantes en la plataforma Moodle, dentro de cinco ediciones de un curso de Narrativas Digitales en la Maestría de Entornos Digitales de la Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador. A través de un análisis cuantitativo de 108,482 registros de actividad, se caracterizó el comportamiento de los estudiantes en relación con el acceso a recursos, la participación en foros, la entrega de tareas, y la realización de cuestionarios. Adicionalmente, se emplearon pruebas ANOVA no paramétricas (Kruskal-Wallis) y análisis de correlación de Spearman para evaluar las diferencias entre las ediciones del curso y relación entre variables estudiadas. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en los patrones de accesos y actividades de aprendizaje, destacando una variabilidad en la participación que no siempre se correspondía con el número de recursos disponibles. Se observó que la edición PM-EED-B23-02P4-30 mostró un incremento significativo en las actividades, aunque sin un aumento proporcional en la participación en foros. Basado en estos hallazgos, se proponen recomendaciones para la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas adaptativas y se sugieren direcciones para investigaciones futuras que profundicen en la analítica de aprendizaje y su aplicación en la mejora de los entornos educativos digitales.