Resumen Marco contextual: La implantación de la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia (PBE) es esencial para la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería. Las acciones emprendidas por los líderes formales son esenciales para implantar la PBE, y es fundamental conocer sus percepciones. Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de los líderes formales de enfermería sobre la PBE. Metodología: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 17 líderes de tres hospitales portugueses. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido y el programa MAXQDA Analytic Pro 2022. Se garantizaron los presupuestos éticos. Resultados: Surgieron dos temas con sus respectivas categorías − Conocimiento sobre la PBE (Concepto de la PBE, Impacto de la PBE en los resultados sanitarios y Autopercepción del conocimiento sobre la PBE); Papel en la aplicación de la PBE (comportamientos y características). Conclusión: Los líderes describieron su percepción del concepto de PBE y la relación del Impacto de la PBE con los resultados sanitarios, la necesidad de conocimientos y su inversión formativa, así como su papel en este proceso. Los futuros programas de formación deberían aplicarse en este ámbito.

Abstract Background: The implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is critical to the quality of nursing care. Formal leaders play a crucial role in developing interventions to implement EBP, so it is important to understand their perceptions. Objective: To examine formal nurse leaders’ perceptions of EBP. Methodology: Descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 leaders from three Portuguese hospitals. Data were analyzed using content analysis and MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 software. All ethical principles were observed. Results: Two themes and their categories emerged − Knowledge of EBP (Concept of EBP, Impact of EBP on health outcomes, and Self-perception of the knowledge about EBP) and Role in EBP implementation (behaviors and characteristics). Conclusion: The leaders described their perception of the concept of EBP and the association between the impact of EBP and health outcomes, the need for knowledge, and the investment in training, as well as their role in this process. Future training programs should be implemented in this area.

Resumo Enquadramento: A implementação da Prática Baseada na Evidência (PBE) é crucial para a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem. As ações desenvolvidas pelos líderes formais são essenciais para implementar a PBE, tornando-se determinante conhecer as suas perceções. Objetivo: Conhecer as perceções de líderes formais de enfermagem sobre a PBE. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 17 líderes de três hospitais portugueses. Os dados foram analisados através de análise de conteúdo e do software MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022. Salvaguardados os pressupostos éticos. Resultados: Emergiram dois temas com respetivas categorias − Conhecimento sobre PBE (Conceito de PBE, Impacto da PBE nos resultados em saúde e Autoperceção do conhecimento sobre PBE); Papel na implementação da PBE (comportamentos e caraterísticas). Conclusão: Os líderes descreveram a sua perceção sobre o Conceito de PBE e a relação do Impacto da PBE com resultados em saúde, a necessidade de conhecimento e o seu investimento formativo, bem como o seu papel neste processo. Futuros programas formativos deverão ser implementados nesta área.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la centralidad de las políticas públicas de seguridad y justicia en América Latina y el Caribe a partir de diversas técnicas de investigación teórico (análisis documental y bibliográfico) y trabajo de campo (visitas “in loco” y observaciones participantes), realizadas entre 2015 y 2021. Se parte del supuesto de que la violencia y las inseguridades son abordadas como un obstáculo flagrante para el desarrollo humano y la consolidación del estado de derecho en la región. Se identifica, basado en la literatura especializada y estudio comparado de estas políticas públicas, la relevancia del papel que juega el liderazgo político del estado y el compromiso cívico de varios actores sociales en torno a una gobernanza territorial integrada e integral de políticas de seguridad pública Ciudadana dedicados a salvar y preservar vidas. Resumen análisis bibliográfico visitas in loco participantes, participantes , participantes) 201 2021 región identifica vidas 20 202 2

Abstract: This article analyzes the centrality of public security and justice policies in Latin America and the Caribbean based on various theoretical research techniques (documental and bibliographical analysis) and fieldwork (“in loco” visits and participant observations), undertaken between 2015 and 2021. It starts from the assumption that violence and insecurities are approached as a flagrant obstacle to human development and the consolidation of the rule of law in the region. It is identified, in the comparison of the specialized literature and in the comparative study of these public policies, the relevance of the role played by the political leadership of the State and the civic engagement of several social actors around an integrated and integral territorial governance of citizen public security policies. Despite a punitive political culture and a history of authoritarian governments in the region, there are, after all, key principles and concepts for a new type of governance of citizen security (and justice) in Brazil and in the region aimed at saving and preserve lives. Abstract documental analysis loco observations, observations , observations) 201 2021 identified all lives 20 202 2

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a centralidade das políticas públicas de segurança e justiça na América Latina e no Caribe com base em diversas técnicas de pesquisa teórica (análise documental e bibliográfica) e de campo (visitas “in loco” e observações participantes), empreendidas entre 2015 e 2021. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as violências e inseguranças são abordadas como um flagrante obstáculo ao desenvolvimento humano e à consolidação do estado de direito na região. Identifica-se, no cotejo da literatura especializada e no estudo comparado dessas políticas públicas, a relevância do papel desempenhado pela liderança política do estado e pelo engajamento cívico de diversos atores sociais em torno de uma governança territorial integrada e integral das políticas de segurança pública cidadã. Inobstante a uma cultura política punitiva e a um histórico de governos autoritários na região, vislumbram-se, afinal, princípios e conceitos-chave para uma governança de novo tipo da segurança cidadã (e justiça) no Brasil e na região voltada a salvar e a preservar vidas. Resumo análise bibliográfica visitas in loco participantes, participantes , participantes) 201 2021 Partese Parte se Identificase, Identificase Identifica se, Identifica-se vislumbramse, vislumbramse vislumbram vislumbram-se afinal conceitoschave conceitos chave vidas 20 202 2

Abstract Incorporating BIM in the education of professionals has become a demand and a topic of high importance for higher education. Several proposals for a curricular implementation of BIM exist. However, in most cases, they are specific to a single university or domain, do not consider academic policies or simplify practice by segmenting knowledge. This work proposes a protocol for the curricular implementation of BIM similar to the industry, considering aspects of process, technology, and policies aligned with the educational institution's mission and with existing competencies. Action research was the used method. Three actions were conducted: (1) proposition, (2) systematization and (3) application. The actions were executed in cycles incrementally, resulting in (1) guidelines, (2) supporting tools and (3) implementation plans. Two Brazilian universities participated in pilot studies of Project Construa Brasil. The pilot studies inspired a network of BIM cells that have synchronously applied curricular BIM implementation guidelines on a large scale. The guidelines proved to be generic and comprehensive, guiding the transformation with an empirical basis for the academics' decision-making. Leadership of a BIM specialist was confirmed as an essential factor of success. It is observed that even with a timid introduction of BIM competence in a limited scope of engineering solutions, the impact on the BIM maturity curriculum is significant. exist However cases domain knowledge industry process technology institutions institution s competencies method conducted 1 (1 proposition 2 (2 3 (3 application incrementally plans Brasil scale comprehensive academics decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making success solutions significant (

Resumo Incorporar o BIM na formação de profissionais tornou-se uma demanda e um tema de grande importância para o ensino superior. Existem várias propostas de implementação curricular do BIM. No entanto, na maioria dos casos, são específicos de uma única universidade oudomínio, não contemplam políticas acadêmicas ou simplificam a prática segmentando o conhecimento. Este trabalho propõe um protocolo para a implementação curricular do BIM semelhante aoda indústria, considerando aspectos de processo, tecnologia e políticas alinhados com a missão da instituição de ensino e com as competências existentes. Pesquisa-ação foi o método utilizado. Três ações foram realizadas: (1) proposição, (2) sistematização e (3) aplicação. As ações foram realizadas em ciclos de forma incremental, resultando em (1) diretrizes, (2) ferramentas de apoio e (3) planos de implementação. Duas universidades brasileiras participaram de estudos-piloto do Projeto Construa Brasil. Os estudos-piloto inspiraram uma rede de células BIM que aplicaram as diretrizes curriculares de implementação BIM em larga escala. As diretrizes mostraram-se genéricas e abrangentes, orientando a transformação com base empírica para a tomada de decisão dos acadêmicos. A facilitação de um especialista BIM foi confirmada como fator essencial de sucesso. Observa-se que, mesmo com uma tímida introdução de competências BIM em um escopo limitado de soluções de engenharia, o impacto na maturidade BIM do currículo é significativo. tornouse tornou se superior entanto casos oudomínio conhecimento indústria processo existentes Pesquisaação Pesquisa ação utilizado 1 (1 proposição 2 (2 3 (3 aplicação incremental estudospiloto estudos piloto Brasil escala mostraramse mostraram abrangentes acadêmicos sucesso Observase Observa engenharia significativo (

Resumen: El presente artículo analizó las teorías de aprendizaje prevalentes en las asignaturas de inglés y liderazgo en instituciones de educación tecnológica de la ciudad de Quito, durante el período enero-mayo 2023 a través de la técnica de observación no participante. La metodología cualitativa en la que se apoyó este artículo fue la propuesta de Tranfield y Denyer que hace alusión a la revisión bibliográfica para poder sustentar las diversas teorías de aprendizaje existentes. La información obtenida fue analizada y contrastada desarrollando cuadros de comparación entre teorías de aprendizaje aplicadas en el aula; las mismas que influyen significativamente en el aprendizaje en los estudiantes de educación superior. Una vez observadas las clases y aplicadas las rúbricas, los resultados obtenidos fueron que las teorías más aplicadas han sido la constructivista, cognitivista y conectivista. Esto respondió a los temas abordados y a las actividades desarrolladas por parte de los estudiantes.

Abstract: This article examines the prevalent learning theories in English and Leadership subjects in Higher Education Institutions in Quito, from January to May 2023, through the non-participant observation technique. The qualitative methodology applied is based on the approach proposed by Tranfield and Denyer, which involves a literature review to support through the different existing learning theories. The gathered information was analyzed and compared by creating tables of comparison between the learning theories applied in the classroom, which significantly influence in the learning of higher education students. The results, obtained after observing the classes and applying rubrics, showed that the most frequently applied theories were constructivism, cognitivism, and connectivism. This choice was influenced by the topics covered and the activities carried out by the students.

Resumen: Las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales se refieren a la aplicación planificada y efectiva de habilidades de liderazgo, toma de decisiones, innovación y gestión de recursos con el fin de optimizar la dirección escolar. El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar teóricamente las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales del personal directivo en el mejoramiento de la gestión en las instituciones educativas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, utilizando los motores de búsqueda Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science y Google Scholar, de acuerdo con criterios de inclusión predeterminados. Los resultados permitieron seleccionar veinticinco (n=25) documentos para la revisión. El análisis bibliográfico permitió discernir analíticamente las perspectivas de los directores sobre las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales desde la gestión educativa. Se concluyó que las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales representan un pilar fundamental para el progreso y eficacia de los entornos educativos, revelándose como un factor clave para alcanzar los objetivos y políticas esenciales de las institución educativas.

Abstract: Management skills strategies refer to the planned and effective application of leadership, decision-making, innovation and resource management skills in order to optimize school direction. The objective of this article was to theoretically analyze the strategies of managerial skills of managers in the improvement of management in educational institutions. A bibliographic review was carried out, using the search engines Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science and Google Scholar, according to predetermined inclusion criteria. The results allowed to select twenty-five (n=25) documents for the review. The bibliographic analysis allowed to analytically discern the perspectives of the directors on the strategies of managerial skills from the educational management. It is concluded that management skills strategies represent a fundamental pillar for the progress and effectiveness of educational environments, revealing itself as a key factor to achieve the essential objectives and policies of educational institutions.

Resumen: En los sistemas educativos, los modelos de gestión se adaptan con la finalidad de fortalecer el sistema en su conjunto, mejorar la calidad educativa y propender al desarrollo del conocimiento. Por lo tanto, las instituciones de educación superior (IES) deben adoptar nuevos modelos de gestión que permita una administración eficiente para alcanzar sus metas. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar tres modelos de gestión: Garvin, Deming e ISO 21001:2018, mediante un enfoque analítico-sintético-deductivo. Además, se ha buscado hacer una triangulación de información que permita realizar un análisis comparativo, considerando que no existe como regla general un modelo de gestión aplicable debido a que cada institución presenta diversas características, procesos estructuración institucional propia. Por esta razón, se ha planteado una propuesta dirigida a establecer nuevas perspectivas en la gestión de instituciones de educación superior en el que se recogen las mejores prácticas y dimensiones adaptadas a los requerimientos a los que se ven abocados las IES. La propuesta se ha basado en cinco categorías del modelo: procesos, funciones, objetivos-metas, mejora continua y liderazgo, en base a la vigencia, pertinencia y adaptabilidad para las IES, considerando aspectos científicos, tecnológicos y demandas de la sociedad.

Abstract: In educational systems, management models are adapted with the aim of strengthening the system as a whole, improving educational quality and promoting the development of knowledge. Therefore, higher education institutions (HEIs) must adopt new management models that allow efficient administration to achieve their goals. The objective of this study is to analyze three management models: Garvin, Deming and ISO 21001:2018 through an analytical-synthetic-deductive approach, in addition to a triangulation of information that allows for a comparative analysis, considering that there is no general rule of thumb. applicable management model because each institution presents various characteristics, its own institutional structuring processes, which is why a proposal is proposed aimed at establishing new perspectives in the management of higher education institutions in which the best practices and dimensions adapted to the requirements to which HEIs are faced. The proposal is based on five categories of the model: processes, functions, objectives-goals, continuous improvement and leadership, based on validity, relevance and adaptability for HEIs, considering scientific, technological aspects and demands of society.

Resumen Este documento examina la relación entre los consejos de administración y los modos de entrada al mercado internacional. El consejo de administración tiene la autoridad para determinar las estrategias de internacionalización tanto para grandes multinacionales como para organizaciones pequeñas y medianas. Los marcos teóricos en internacionalización proporcionan una base sólida para comprender la dinámica de los modos de entrada y la gobernanza corporativa. El estudio presenta un marco bien organizado que consta de cuatro ejes temáticos: características, capacidades, comportamiento y composición del consejo. Este marco se utiliza para analizar las complejidades de los procesos de toma de decisiones del consejo. Aunque se reconocen sus limitaciones, este estudio ofrece hallazgos prácticos para los gerentes de negocios y contribuye a la discusión teórica actual, resaltando la necesidad de marcos más profundos que tengan en cuenta factores psicológicos y culturales en la toma de decisiones del consejo en el contexto del desarrollo internacional.

Abstract This study explores the relationship between administrative advice and international market entry modes. The board of directors has the authority to determine internationalization strategies for both large multinational corporations and small and medium-sized organizations. Existing theoretical frameworks dealing with internationalization provide a strong foundation for understanding the dynamics of entry modes and corporate governance. The study presents a framework consisting of four thematic elements: characteristics, capabilities, behavior, and composition of the advice. This framework is utilized to analyze the complexities of the decision-making processes of boards. Despite acknowledging its limitations, this study provides practical insights for business managers and contributes to the ongoing theoretical debate on this topic, highlighting the need for more comprehensive frameworks that consider psychological and cultural factors in the decision-making process of boards in the context of international business.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of high-fidelity simulation of pediatric emergencies compared to case-based discussion on the development of self-confidence, theoretical knowledge, clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership in undergraduate medical students. Methods: 33 medical students were allocated to two teaching methods: high-fidelity simulation (HFS, n = 18) or case-based discussion (CBD, n = 15). Self-confidence and knowledge tests were applied before and after the interventions and the effect of HFS on both outcomes was estimated with mixed-effect models. An Objective Structured Clinical Examination activity was conducted after the interventions, while two independent raters used specific simulation checklists to assess clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership. The effect of HFS on these outcomes was estimated with linear and logistic regressions. The effect size was estimated with the Hedge’sg. Results: Both groups had an increase in self-confidence (HFS 59.1 × 93.6, p < 0.001; CDB 50.5 × 88.2, p < 0.001) and knowledge scores over time (HFS 45.1 × 63.2, p = 0.001; CDB 43.5 × 56.7, p-value < 0.01), but no difference was observed between groups (group*time effect in the mixed effect models adjusted for the student ranking) for both tests (p = 0.6565 and p = 0.3331, respectively). The simulation checklist scores of the HFS group were higher than those of the CBD group, with large effect sizes in all domains (Hedges g 1.15 to 2.20). Conclusion: HFS performed better than CBD in developing clinical reasoning, communication, attitude, and leadership in undergraduate medical students in pediatric emergency care, but no significant difference was observed in self-confidence and theoretical knowledge. highfidelity high fidelity casebased case based selfconfidence, selfconfidence self confidence, confidence reasoning communication attitude Methods 3 methods HFS, 18 CBD, (CBD 15. 15 . 15) Selfconfidence Self mixedeffect regressions Hedgesg. Hedgesg Hedge sg. sg Hedge’sg Results 591 59 1 59. 936 93 6 93.6 0.001 0001 0 001 505 50 5 50. 882 88 2 88.2 451 45 45. 632 63 63.2 435 43 43. 567 56 7 56.7 pvalue value 0.01, 0.01 , 01 0.01) group*time grouptime ranking 06565 6565 0.656 03331 3331 0.3331 respectively. respectively respectively) Hedges 115 1.1 2.20. 220 2.20 20 2.20) Conclusion care 9 93. 0.00 000 00 8 88. 4 63. 56. 0.0 0656 656 0.65 0333 333 0.333 11 1. 22 2.2 0. 065 65 0.6 033 0.33 2. 06 03 0.3

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the role of nurses in hospital management in the face of COVID-19. The study had a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach. The setting was a hospital that was completely transformed to care for patients with COVID-19. At the time of data collection, ten nurses managed the services, and all participated in the semi-structured interview. After thematic analysis, the data were presented in three categories, representing the elements of Donabedian’s triad: structure, process, and result. Category 1 highlighted the hospital structure reconfiguration based on material and people management; category 2 addressed the work process restructuring to achieve goals with safety and quality; and category 3 focused on nurses’ experiences in describing the results achieved and expected. The analysis highlighted the importance of teamwork, involvement, and adaptation of managers in the face of the challenges of a new and life-threatening disease, scarce resources, and the complexity of human relationships in the crisis. In transformational leadership, these nurses encouraged behavior change, professional growth, and resilience. COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 qualitative descriptive approach collection services semistructured semi structured interview categories Donabedians Donabedian s triad result quality expected teamwork involvement lifethreatening life threatening disease resources crisis leadership change growth resilience COVID1 COVID-1 COVID-

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros na gestão hospitalar frente à COVID-19. O estudo teve uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo e exploratório. O cenário foi um hospital que se transformou totalmente para atendimento de pacientes com COVID-19. No momento da coleta de dados, dez enfermeiros estavam à frente da gestão dos serviços, e todos participaram da entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados, após análise temática, foram apresentados em três categorias representativas dos elementos da tríade de Donabedian, ou seja, estrutura, processo e resultado. A categoria 1 realçou a reconfiguração da estrutura hospitalar a partir da gestão de materiais e das pessoas; a categoria 2 abordou a reestruturação do processo de trabalho para alcance das metas com segurança e qualidade; e a categoria 3 focou nas experiências dos enfermeiros na descrição dos resultados alcançados e esperados. A análise evidenciou a importância do trabalho em equipe, do envolvimento e da adaptação do gestor diante dos desafios da doença nova e ameaçadora da vida, dos recursos escassos e da complexidade das relações humanas na crise. Na liderança transformacional esses enfermeiros incentivaram a mudança de comportamento, o crescimento profissional, e resiliência. Objetivouse Objetivou COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 qualitativa exploratório dados serviços semiestruturada temática Donabedian seja resultado pessoas qualidade esperados equipe vida crise comportamento profissional resiliência COVID1 COVID-1 COVID-

RESUMEN En la Iglesia Católica, los Movimientos Eclesiales y las Nuevas Comunidades son una realidad plural. Constituyen un mosaico de carismas, con énfasis distintos y complementarios: conversión y fraternidad, obras de misericordia y promoción humana, renovación carismática y sacramental, espiritualidad ecuménica y unidad cristiana. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la comprensión conciliar del carisma laico y los énfasis del tema en el magisterio posterior, considerando los Movimientos y las Comunidades en la perspectiva de la vocación bautismal a la santidad y el apostolado. Los elementos teológicos y eclesiales subrayados afirman la misión de los laicos en la Iglesia-comunión (Vaticano II), con sus carismas abiertos a los signos de los tiempos (Pablo VI), con base en una espiritualidad y disciplina propias en vista del apostolado (Papas Juan Pablo II y Benedicto XVI), por fin con el llamamiento a la misión en salida (Papa Francisco). El análisis concluye que hombres y mujeres laicos (o seglares) evangelizan en virtud del bautismo, según el carácter secular de su vocación en el mundo; y evalúa la contribución de cada pontífice para el liderazgo laico, en tiempos de reforma misionera de la Iglesia. Católica plural complementarios fraternidad humana sacramental cristiana posterior Iglesiacomunión comunión Vaticano II, , II) VI, VI VI) Papas XVI, XVI XVI) Papa Francisco. Francisco . Francisco) o seglares bautismo mundo

ABSTRACT In the Catholic Church, the Ecclesial Movements and the New Communities are a plural reality. They form a mosaic of charisms, with distinct and complementary emphases: conversion and fraternity, works of mercy and human promotion, charismatic and sacramental renewal, ecumenical spirituality, and unity of Christians. The purpose of this article is to analyze the II Vatican Council’s understanding of the lay charism and its emphasis in the later magisterium, considering the Movements and the Communities from the perspective of the baptismal vocation to holiness and apostolate. The theological and ecclesial elements underlined affirm the mission of the laity in the Church-communion (II Vatican Council), with their charisms open to the signs of the times (Paul VI), based on their own spirituality and discipline in view of the apostolate (John Paul II and Benedict XVI), and the recent call to the outgoing mission (Pope Francis). The analysis concludes that lay men and women (or laity) evangelize by virtue of baptism, according to the secular character of their vocation in the world; and assesses each pontiff’s emphasis on lay leadership in times of missionary reform of the Church. Church reality emphases fraternity promotion renewal Christians Councils Council s magisterium Churchcommunion communion Council, , Council) VI, VI VI) John XVI, XVI XVI) Pope Francis. Francis . Francis) or baptism world pontiffs pontiff

RESUMO Entre 1983 e 1991, o Partido Justicialista de Santa Fé (PJSF) foi formado por uma multiplicidade de “líderes setoriais”, incapazes de se impor uns aos outros, enquanto, ao mesmo tempo, governavam a província. A organização carecia, nos termos da narrativa peronista, de um “líder político” local. A partir da análise de entrevistas próprias e de terceiros, da análise de conteúdo da imprensa local e do diálogo com a bibliografia secundária, o artigo investiga o modo como as lideranças do peronismo de Santa Fé processaram essa situação de equilíbrio de forças e o tipo de práticas que implantaram uma vez rompido esse equilíbrio. Assim, identifica-se um primeiro período (1983-1988) em que foram implantados três tipos de práticas: a realização regular de eleições internas diretas para definição de candidatos; a convocação de congressos partidários para resolver questões institucionais internas; e a distribuição de cargos no governo entre as diferentes facções do partido. Em um segundo período (1989-1991), observou-se a interrupção dessas práticas e a implementação de novas. Tratava-se da implementação da Lei das Lemas; a demissão do vice-governador da província promovida pelos próprios peronistas; e a intervenção e suspensão da vida interna da PJSF pelas autoridades justicialistas nacionais. Conclui-se que a variedade mutável de práticas observadas em ambos os momentos está associada a certas ideias que os líderes peronistas têm sobre política e como fazer política, em particular, sobre a noção de "liderança" e sobre o papel das estruturas partidárias em sua própria práxis política.

RESUMEN Una multiplicidad de “líderes de sector”, sin capacidad de imponerse uno sobre otros, configuró al Partido Justicialista de Santa Fe (PJSF) entre 1983 y 1991 mientras, al mismo tiempo, gobernaba la provincia. La organización careció, según los términos de la narrativa peronista, de un “conductor político” local. A partir del análisis de entrevistas propias y de terceros, del análisis de contenido de la prensa local y del diálogo con bibliografía secundaria, el artículo indaga en el modo en el que los líderes del peronismo santafesino tramitaron esa situación de equilibrio de fuerzas y en el tipo de prácticas que desplegaron una vez que dicho equilibrio se rompió. Se identifica, así, un primer periodo (1983-1988) en el que se desplegaron tres tipos de prácticas: la realización regular de elecciones internas directas para definir candidaturas; la convocatoria a congresos partidarios para dirimir asuntos institucionales internos; y la distribución de cargos de gobierno entre las distintas fracciones del partido. En un segundo momento (1989-1991), se observa la interrupción de dichas prácticas y la implementación de otras nuevas. Se trató de la implementación de la ley de Lemas; de la destitución del vicegobernador de la provincia promovida por parte de los propios peronistas; y de la intervención y suspensión de la vida interna del PJSF por parte de las autoridades nacionales del justicialismo. Se concluye que la cambiante paleta de prácticas observada en uno y otro momento está asociada a determinadas ideas que los dirigentes peronistas tienen sobre la política y sobre cómo hacer política, en particular, sobre la noción de la “conducción” y sobre el rol de las estructuras partidarias en su propia praxis política.

ABSTRACT Between 1983 and 1991, the Justicialist Party of Santa Fe (PJSF) was formed by a multiplicity of "sector leaders", unable to impose themselves on each other, while, at the same time, it ruled the province. The organization lacked, in the terms of the Peronist narrative, a local "political leader." Based on the analysis of our own interviews and interviews of others, the content analysis of the local press and the dialogue with secondary bibliography, the article investigates the way in which the leaders of Santa Fe Peronism processed this situation of balance of forces and the type of practices they deployed once this balance was broken. Thus, a first period (1983-1988) is identified in which three types of practices were deployed: the regular practice of direct internal elections to define candidates; the announcement of party congresses to settle internal institutional issues; and the distribution of government positions between the different factions of the party. In a second moment (1989-1991), the interruption of these practices and the implementation of new ones were observed. These included the implementation of Lemas Law; of the dismissal of the vice-governor of the province promoted by the Peronists themselves; and the intervention and suspension of the internal life of the PJSF by the national Justicialist authorities. It is concluded that the changing variety of practices observed at both times is associated with certain ideas that Peronist leaders have about politics and how to do politics, in particular, about the notion of “leadership” and on the role of party structures in their own political praxis.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has deepened dynamics of vulnerability that had long been felt by certain social groups. In this context, the solidity of material and psychological support networks often emerged as what buffers the most corrosive effects of the pandemic. In this article, I reflect on this topic based on an ethnography carried out in virtual environments in which an important leadership of app drivers in Pernambuco is present. In addition to identifying some of the arbitrariness suffered by the group of workers that this interlocutor represents (publicized on his Instagram), I also map how the drivers themselves come together to deal with such vulnerabilities. Finally, I demonstrate that it was my own psychological suffering (deepened by the social isolation of the pandemic) that made me look for a driver committed to defending this category of workers. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 groups context article present publicized Instagram, Instagram , Instagram) vulnerabilities Finally COVID1 1 COVID-

Resumo A pandemia de Covid 19 aprofundou dinâmicas de vulnerabilidade que há muito já eram sentidas por certos agrupamentos sociais. Nesse contexto, a solidez das redes de suporte material e psíquico frequentemente emerge como aquilo que amortece aqueles que foram os efeitos mais corrosivos da pandemia. Neste artigo, trago reflexões sobre esse tema a partir de uma etnografia feita nos ambientes virtuais em que uma importante liderança dos motoristas de aplicativo em Pernambuco se faz presente. Além de identificar algumas das arbitrariedades sofridas pelo grupo de trabalhadores que esse interlocutor representa (publicizadas em seu Instagram), também mapeio como os próprios motoristas se associam para lidar com tais vulnerabilidades. Por fim, demonstro que foi o meu próprio sofrimento psíquico (aprofundado pelo isolamento social da pandemia) que me fez procurar um motorista engajado com a defesa dessa categoria de trabalhadores. 1 sociais contexto artigo presente publicizadas Instagram, Instagram , Instagram) vulnerabilidades fim aprofundado

Human praxis denotes practical wisdom, which through deliberate human action aims at personal and collective transformation, including people's ideas, commitments and consciousness. The occupational therapy profession has a long history of both enacting human praxis for the evolvement of the profession, and also facilitating it among the people it serves. Occupational therapy can draw on its innate wisdom and ability to accurately read contexts to consciously harness human praxis to render the profession as indispensable as a healthcare profession as well as a profession that can contribute significantly to social development. Consciously harnessing human praxis for change can be done by applying reflective and reflexive critical reasoning; epistemic fluency within multidisciplinary spaces (that could promote better transdisciplinary practices); as well as deconstructing the constituents of human praxis to apply it as a treatment mode. Furthermore, consciously using human praxis can contribute to the fields of education, research and leadership that promote and cultivate human dignity.

Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital component of the health system and provide pre-hospital emergency care and specialised transport for patients requiring access to health facilities, thereby contributing to universal health coverage and improving health outcomes. Evidence regarding the current state of EMS within South Africa to fulfil this role is lacking and was the motivation for this review. Our objective was to describe the current state of EMS in South Africa. A literature search was conducted using keywords, BOOLEAN operating terms, and eligibility criteria on Sabinet, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases to find articles related to the components of the EMS system in South Africa. The articles were critically assessed, and six themes emerged: leadership and governance; resources; preparedness (knowledge, attitude, and practices) of the emergency care provider; health and safety; training; and communications. Challenges were found in all themes at a provincial EMS level despite improvements in legislation, leadership, and governance from the National Department of Health. These themes demonstrate that all components in the EMS system are not functioning optimally and may be affecting its contribution to improving universal health coverage and health outcomes. The current state of EMS appears to be constrained and requires greater leadership and governance from the Provincial Departments of Health to improve poorly functioning components of the EMS system. SIGNIFICANCE: The current state of EMS in South Africa lacks efficiency in its role to provide emergency care and transportation for patients wanting to access health facilities. Poorly functioning components of the EMS system have been identified and provide an opportunity for health authorities to make improvements so that the goal of universal health coverage and improved health outcomes can be realised.

ABSTRACT To improve the quality of the educational service, changes in pedagogical direction are required. This implies the presence of committed teacher leaders who can guide the rest of the team towards the improvement of educational experiences. The objective of the research was to propose a pedagogical management model for teacher leadership in an educational institution in the state. The study, of a quantitative nature and with a non-experimental, descriptive and propositional design, involved the participation of 47 teachers, to whom a questionnaire was applied in order to evaluate their level of teacher leadership, according to the dimensions: professional development, inclusive school improvement and collaborative culture. The results indicated that 87.2% of the teachers surveyed indicated that their teaching leadership was at a medium level and a lower percentage, representing 12.8%, stated that it was at a high level. The dimensions evaluated are also at a medium level: professional development 87.2%, inclusive school improvement 78.7% and collaborative culture 85.1%. Subsequently, the theoretical foundations supporting the proposal were presented and the pedagogical management model was designed and validated by a group of experts. The conclusion of the study highlights the need to implement a pedagogical management model that encourages greater participation of teachers in various educational activities through better leadership.

RESUMEN Para mejorar la calidad del servicio educativo, se requiere implementar cambios en la dirección pedagógica. Esto implica la presencia de maestros líderes comprometidos que puedan orientar al resto del equipo hacia la mejora de las experiencias educativas. El objetivo de la investigación fue proponer un modelo de gestión pedagógica para el liderazgo docente en una institución educativa del estado. El estudio, de naturaleza cuantitativa y con un diseño no experimental, descriptivo propositivo, involucró la participación de 47 docentes; a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario con la finalidad de evaluar su nivel de liderazgo docente, de acuerdo a las dimensiones: desarrollo profesional, mejora escolar inclusiva y cultura colaborativa. Los resultados indicaron que el 87,2% de los profesores encuestados señalaron que el liderazgo docente se sitúa en un nivel medio y en un menor porcentaje, que representa el 12,8%, afirmaron estar en un nivel alto. Las dimensiones evaluadas también se encuentran en un nivel medio: desarrollo profesional 87,2%, mejora escolar inclusiva 78,7% y cultura colaborativa 85,1%. Posteriormente, se expusieron los fundamentos teóricos que respaldan la propuesta y se diseñó el modelo de gestión pedagógica, el cual fue validado por un grupo de expertos. La conclusión del estudio resalta la necesidad de implementar un modelo de gestión pedagógica que fomente una mayor participación de los docentes en diversas actividades educativas mediante un mejor liderazgo.