Resumen La Argentina de fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX se encontraba dentro de un proceso de profundas transformaciones durante el cual se constituyeron los cimientos de la Argentina moderna y en el cual la ciencia había ocupado un rol legitimador privilegiado. Durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX, promovido por Pablo Pizzurno y ejecutado por Enrique José Romero Brest, logró imponerse en Argentina un sistema de enseñanza de la educación física que buscó contar con fundamento científico. La antropometría, al provenir de Europa y al arrojar resultados numéricos sobre el ser humano, había acaparado el interés de los científicos argentinos del momento quienes actuaron casi con exclusividad en un contexto epistemológico positivista. En el sistema de educación física de Romero Brest, la antropometría, al poder medir los cambios físicos que provocaría su aplicación, tuvo la misión de corroborar su éxito. Pero para esto se requería de instrumentos, gabinetes, profesionales especializados y de un sistema de recolección de información en las escuelas de difícil implementación. El presente artículo buscará analizar en qué medida Romero Brest tuvo éxito en la implementación de su propuesta antropométrica para la educación física en Argentina de principios del siglo XX.

Resumo A Argentina, no final do século XIX e início do século XX, estava passando por um processo de profundas transformações durante o qual foram lançadas as bases da Argentina moderna e no qual a ciência desempenhou um papel legitimador privilegiado. Nas primeiras décadas do século XX, promovido por Pablo Pizzurno e implementado por Enrique José Romero Brest, foi imposto na Argentina um sistema de ensino de educação física que buscava ter uma base científica. A antropometria, vinda da Europa e fornecendo resultados numéricos sobre o ser humano, havia capturado o interesse dos cientistas argentinos da época, que atuavam quase exclusivamente em um contexto epistemológico positivista. No sistema de educação física de Romero Brest, a antropometria, uma vez aplicada e conseguindo medir as mudanças físicas, teria como missão contribuir para o seu sucesso. Mas para isso eram necessários instrumentos, gabinetes, profissionais especializados e um sistema de coleta de dados nas escolas de difícil implementação. Este artigo buscará analisar em que medida Romero Brest foi bem-sucedido na implementação de sua proposta antropométrica para a educação física na Argentina no início do século XX.

Abstract During the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, Argentina underwent a process of profound transformations, laying the foundations of the modern nation, in which science played a pivotal role in legitimizing these changes. Promoted by Pablo Pizzurno and executed by Enrique José Romero Brest, a physical education teaching system with a scientific underpinning managed to impose itself in Argentina during the early 1900s. Anthropometry, imported from Europe and providing empirical data on human beings, captured the attention of the Argentine scientists of the time, who were entrenched in a positivist epistemological framework. Within Romero Brest’s physical education system, anthropometry aimed at quantifying the physical changes resulting from its application, thereby validating its efficacy. However, its successful implementation hinged on instruments, offices, specialized professionals and a data collection system in schools that was difficult to implement. This article seeks to analyze Romero Brest’s effectiveness in implementing his anthropometric approach to physical education in Argentina during this period.

Abstract: Confucianism and Legalism are not only the two most influential ideological schools in pre-Qin China but also the main schools of thought in ancient Chinese intellectual history. This is due to their respective social nature and contrasting political values. In Pre-Qin Confucianism, rooted in the belief in the innate goodness of human nature, there is a strong emphasis on the significance of historical traditions. It promotes values such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, and seeks to redefine “Rite” by incorporating new values. It places great importance on the rule of virtue and aspires to achieve a state of Universal Harmony. Pre-Qin Legalism, driven by the inherent human inclination towards self-interest and personal gain, formulates a governance philosophy grounded in utilitarianism. It prioritizes the present and advocates for profound transformations through the implementation of strict “law” to attain national prosperity and military strength. As a result, ancient China formed different traditions of the rule of virtue and law, laying the foundation for the complementary nature of Confucianism and Legalism. This article analyzes the factors of differentiation and the process of integration in Confucian and legalist political philosophy, aiming to provide insights into the construction of contemporary political philosophical systems. Abstract preQin pre Qin history PreQin Pre benevolence righteousness wisdom Rite “Rite Harmony selfinterest self interest gain utilitarianism law “law strength result systems

Resumen: El confucianismo y el legalismo no sólo son las dos escuelas ideológicas más influyentes de la China anterior a Qin, sino también las principales escuelas de pensamiento de la historia intelectual de la antigua China. Esto se debe a su respectiva naturaleza social y a sus valores políticos contrapuestos. En el confucianismo anterior a Qin, arraigado en la creencia en la bondad innata de la naturaleza humana, se hace mucho hincapié en la importancia de las tradiciones históricas. Promueve valores como la benevolencia, la rectitud, el decoro y la sabiduría, y trata de redefinir el “rito” incorporando nuevos valores. Concede gran importancia al imperio de la virtud y aspira a alcanzar un estado de Armonía Universal. El Legalismo Pre-Qin, impulsado por la inherente inclinación humana hacia el interés propio y el beneficio personal, formula una filosofía de gobierno basada en el utilitarismo. Prioriza el presente y aboga por profundas transformaciones mediante la aplicación de una “ley” estricta para alcanzar la prosperidad nacional y la fuerza militar. Como resultado, la antigua China formó diferentes tradiciones del imperio de la virtud y la ley, sentando las bases de la naturaleza complementaria del confucianismo y el legalismo. Este artículo analiza los factores de diferenciación y el proceso de integración en la filosofía política confuciana y legalista, con el objetivo de aportar ideas para la construcción de los sistemas filosóficos políticos contemporáneos. Resumen Qin contrapuestos históricas benevolencia rectitud sabiduría rito “rito Universal PreQin, PreQin Pre Pre-Qin personal utilitarismo ley “ley militar resultado legalista contemporáneos

This article deals with the problematic praxis of life in the Anthropocene amidst the urgent calls for environmental justice. Normally, people are confused and misled by this concept due to a political ringtone. However, the article argues that justice or righteousness should always be integral to a faith community's outlook on life. Among numerous other ministry manifestations, liturgical praxeology offers unique opportunities to establish a deep-rooted liturgical ethos. Contemplation about the harmful effects of injustices on a meaningful life provides the opportunity to reconsider how liturgy can enhance or ameliorate a liturgical ethos grounded in moral principles. The concept of ethos touches on the persuasive or performative essence of liturgical enactment. If this is the case, surely a hunger for destruction, wars, and devastating acts that limit opportunities for a liveable life in the environment should be considered essential. The liturgical ethos must remind people to remember the precious memories of what should be done regarding righteousness (justice) and wardship. In laying the foundation for a deep-rooted ethos, responsibility takes centre stage. Faith communities, by emphasizing this sense of responsibility, can contribute towards a renewed hunger for justice and righteousness in their environments. The research question guiding this exploration is articulated as follows: How can liturgical ethos, with explicit reference to anamnesis and its convergence with the gravity of environmental justice, contribute to fostering responsibility for the environment among participants of the liturgy? This question is addressed through a qualitative literature study. Browning (1996:34), for example, is interested in practical wisdom's (phronesis) purpose of understanding human action and defines a research activity as a process that starts with a description and then moves to the endeavour of systemization. Eventually, strategizing perspectives will offer liturgical perspectives on a liturgical ethos or praxeology that could promote moral responsibility among the liturgy participants.

Abstract The following article aims to investigate the formation process of the Argentine neoliberalism after the fall of first peronism. For this, the article uses the methodological approach of Foucault’s archaeology and Laclau’s discourse theory. The materials to be analysed are the main works published by Álvaro Alsogaray, who was one of the highest references of Argentine neoliberalism. According to the argument developed, the Alsogaray’s neoliberalism was established based on: 1) the articulation with neoliberal ideas that circulated in Europe in the mid-twentieth century; 2) the definition of a new political antagonist formed by the equivalence relation between the peronism, developmentalism, radical party, social democracy and economic totalitarianism; and 3) the configuration of a political program intended for laying the basis of a “Social Market Economy”. Finally, the article notices how the antagonism contributed to define the political identity of the Argentine neoliberalism.

Resumen El siguiente artículo se propone indagar el proceso de formación del neoliberalismo argentino tras la caída del primer peronismo. Para esto recurre a las herramientas metodológicas brindadas por la arqueología de Foucault y la teoría del discurso de Laclau. El material de análisis son los principales escritos publicados por Álvaro Alsogaray, uno de los máximos referentes del neoliberalismo argentino. Según el argumento desarrollado, el neoliberalismo de Alsogaray se constituyó a partir de: 1) la articulación con las ideas neoliberales que circulaban en Europa a mediados del siglo XX; 2) la definición de un nuevo antagonista político conformado por la relación equivalencial entre el peronismo, el desarrollismo, el radicalismo, la social-democracia y el totalitarismo económico; y 3) la configuración de un programa político destinado a sentar las bases de una “Economía Social de Mercado”. El artículo señala finalmente cómo el antagonismo contribuyó a definir la identidad política del neoliberalismo argentino.

ABSTRACT The animal feed industry is continuously researching new feed additives to substitute other materials, reduce costs, or add value to the final product. The microalgae Arthrospira maxima, cultivated using wastewater as a nutritional source, was evaluated as a feed additive by including 2, 4, and 6% in isocaloric and isoprotein diets for laying hens. Five replicates per treatment with 5 hens per cage were used during an experimental period of 28 days. Productive behavior and egg characteristics (quality, fatty acid profile, cholesterol level) were evaluated. The inclusion of microalgae up to 4% in diets for 52-week-old laying hens did not affect productive performance (egg production, egg weight, egg mass, FCR, shell thickness, and Haugh units). No effects were observed on the cholesterol level or the concentration of fatty acids in the eggs, but more information is needed to determine if the microalgae drying or storage process can generate variations of these results. The inclusion of 6% microalgae produced an acceptable egg yolk color for the local market. The results indicate that this material can be used as a protein source up to an inclusion of 4% in the diet, and hens may need an adaptation period to maintain production at the 6% inclusion level. materials costs product maxima 2 4 6 days quality, quality (quality profile 52weekold weekold 52 week old weight mass FCR thickness units. units . units) eggs market diet

Resumo A padronização é um princípio da gestão com vistas à redução da variabilidade no processo de produção por meio de um conjunto de regras que determinam de que maneira uma tarefa deve ser executada. No entanto, há uma convergência para a ideia de que parcelas do trabalho, não previstas nos padrões formais, emergem mediante adaptações realizadas pelos próprios operadorese são boas soluções ante os propósitos da padronização. O objetivo deste artigo é entender a natureza dessas parcelas do trabalho na construção civil e categorizá-las por meio de constructos que representem sua taxonomia. Com base na abordagem do Design Science Research, foram realizados: um estudo exploratório em uma empresa de montagem e instalação de móveis planejados, um estudo empírico (EE1) na atividade de assentamento de pisos e azulejos, e um estudo de avaliação (EE2) na montagem de formas de pilar. O estudo exploratório propiciou a caracterização inicial dessas parcelas do trabalho. No EE1, identificou-se os constructos que explicam a natureza e a taxonomia dessas parcelas do trabalho, denominadas padrões emergentes (PE). Os constructos identificados foram facilitação da ação e precaução, com seus desdobramentos, demonstrando a variedade de situações em que os PE podem ser identificados. Por fim, no EE2, foram validados os resultados.

Abstract Standardisation is a management tool aimed at reducing variability in the production process through a set of rules that determine how a task must be performed. However, there are convergent ideas that parts of the work, not foreseen in the formal standards, emerge through adaptations carried out by the operators themselves andare good solutions for the purposes of standardization. The aim of this article is to understand the nature of these parts of work in construction and to categorize them through a set of constructs that represent their taxonomy. Based on the Design Science Research approach, were carried:an exploratory study developed in a company that assembles and installs custom furniture, an empirical study (EE1) occurred on the activity of laying floors and tiles, and an evaluation study (EE2) carried out on the assembly of pillar’s forms. The first study provided an initial characterization of these parts of the work. The constructs that explain the nature and taxonomy of these parts of the work were identified in the EE1. These parts of the work are called emerging standards (ES). The constructs identified were facilitation of actions and precaution, which were subdivided demonstrating the variety of situations in which ESs can be identified. Finally, the results were validatedin the EE2.

Abstract The ever increasing fuel price created urgency for weight reduction of products in automotive and aerospace industries. Requirement of better mechanical properties, quality, improved wear resistance, lower coefficient of thermal expansion leads to the development of aluminum composites of lighter weight. The properties of the aluminium metal matrix composites are greatly influenced by the process parameters of the production methods. In this paper, aluminium metal matrix composite with reinforcement of 10% by weight proportion of silicon carbide is prepared by powder metallurgy process. The process parameters such as compaction pressure (100-130 MPa), sintering temperature (300-600°C) and sintering time (120-300 min) are considered. Properties such as compression strength, sliding wear resistance, micro abrasive wear and coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum metal matrix composite are measured. Taguchi’s experimental design is adopted for laying out the experimental conditions and Principal component analysis approach is used to identify the optimum and significant parameters which provide the preferable properties of the composite. It is found that sintering temperature (300-600°C) is significant parameter influencing the measured properties of aluminium metal matrix composites.

In the South African legal system of fact finding and proof the relevance of an evidentiary fact is not governed by the rules of the law of evidence but by a set of extra-legal principles based on the logic of inferential reasoning and probability theory. However, there is no definitive legal definition, or practical test, of what constitutes relevance in a post-constitutional South African curial context, except for an ambiguous pre-1961 reference to a "blend of common sense, judicial experience and logic, laying outside the law". This article critically evaluates the relationship between relevance and admissibility in the adversarial adjudicative process, with particular reference to the peculiarities of the South African legal system, in which the procedural framework of the fact-finding process has been subjected to a post-apartheid constitutional democracy. In addition, this article provides an interpretative synthesis of prevailing international scholarship in the field, develops a functional three-legged practical relevance test for ease of application by all legal practitioners in the courtroom and provides a uniquely different possible statutory definition of relevance and admissibility.

ABSTRACT The selected technology for the sulfur recovery in the Cienfuegos oil`refinery does not achieve the quality parameters required for said process as it causes gaseous SO2 emissions outside the established regulatory framework. This situation will be aggravated by the inclusion of new process units that will increase said emissions. In this sense, the objective of this research is to propose a caustic stripper for the treatment of waste gases in the unit that allows compliance with the process parameters and reduces gaseous emissions. A bibliographic study is carried out on the waste gas treatment processes and the different technologies that are used. Based on this study, the main construction and operational aspects that wet strippers must have are analyzed. The design and operation parameters of the stripper are presented, as well as its constructive characteristics, laying the foundations for the evaluation. Then the evaluation methodology of the packed tower is presented, obtaining the simulation model using the ProMax® 2.0 Simulator, which allows defining its operating range, through sensitivity analysis. Finally, the technological improvement proposal is economically evaluated with the dynamic profitability indicators VAN, TIR and PRD. As a result, it is expected to reduce atmospheric emissions below 150 mg / Nm3 as SO2, reduce energy consumption in the sulfur unit and the exposure of the general population to gaseous emanations.

RESUMEN La tecnología seleccionada para la recuperación de azufre en la refinería de Cienfuegos, no logra los parámetros de calidad exigidos para dicho proceso pues provoca emisiones gaseosas de SO2 fuera del marco regulatorio establecido. Esta situación se agravará por la inclusión de nuevas unidades de proceso que incrementarán dichas emisiones. En este sentido, es objetivo de esta investigación proponer un despojador cáustico, para el tratamiento de los gases residuales en la unidad que permita el cumplimiento de los parámetros de proceso y reduzca las emisiones gaseosas. Se realiza un estudio bibliográfico sobre los procesos de tratamientos de gases residuales y las diferentes tecnologías que se utilizan. A partir de este estudio se analizan los principales aspectos constructivos y de operación que deben tener los despojadores húmedos. Se presentan los parámetros de diseño y operación del despojador, así como, las características constructivas del mismo, sentando las bases para la evaluación. Luego se presenta la metodología de evaluación de la torre empacada obteniéndose el modelo de simulación utilizando el Simulador ProMax® 2.0 y que permite definir el rango de operación del mismo, mediante el análisis de sensibilidad. Finalmente se evalúa económicamente la propuesta de mejora tecnológica con los indicadores dinámicos de rentabilidad VAN, TIR y PRD. Como resultado se espera reducir las emisiones atmosféricas inferiores a 150 mg/Nm3 como SO2, disminuir el consumo energético en la unidad de azufre y la exposición de la población en general a las emanaciones gaseosas.

Resumo A partir dos textos de moralidade e urbanidade, aborda-se o fenômeno da educação cívica no Chile no contexto do século XIX como expressão fundamental do ideário republicano. Para isso, efetua-se em primeiro lugar, uma cartografia dos manuais do período de 1819-1900 editados no país e no estrangeiro adaptados à idiossincrasia chilena, a partir do qual se consideram os seguintes fatores: autor, editor, destinatário, distribuição geográfica e conteúdo, entre outros. Analisou-se o papel “performativo” que teve a urbanidade no curriculum escolar como elemento chave no processo de laicização e de construção da cidadania. Focalizou-se no caso paradigmático do Manual de Carreño, por sua vigência até a atualidade. Deste modo, o estudo realiza uma nova contribuição para uma historiografia dos textos de urbanidade e educação cívica no Chile já que senta as bases para futuras análises comparativas sobre o tema, na Latino América.

Abstract From the texts on morality and urbanity, we address the phenomenon of civic education in Chile in the context of the 19th century as a fundamental expression of the republican ideology. To do this, a cartography of the manuals of the period 1819-1900 published in the country or foreigners adapted to the Chilean idiosyncrasy is carried out. The following factors are considered: author, publisher, addressee, geographic distribution, and content, among others. The “performative” role played by urbanity in the school curriculum as a key element in the process of secularization and construction of citizenship was then analyzed. The focus was on the paradigmatic case of the Carreño Manual, due to its validity to date. In this way, the study makes a new contribution to a historiography on texts on urbanity and civic education in Chile, which contributes to laying the foundations for future comparative analyzes in Latin America on the subject.

Resumen A partir de los textos de moralidad y urbanidad, se aborda el fenómeno de la educación cívica en Chile en el contexto del siglo XIX como expresión fundamental del ideario republicano. Para ello se efectúa, en primer lugar, una cartografía de los manuales del período 1819-1900 editados en el país o extranjeros adaptados a la idiosincrasia chilena, a partir de lo cual se consideran los siguientes factores: autor, editor, destinatario, distribución geográfica y contenido, entre otros. Se analizó luego el rol “performativo” que cumplió la urbanidad en el currículum escolar como elemento clave en el proceso de laicización y de construcción de ciudadanía. Se puso el foco en el caso paradigmático del Manual de Carreño, por su vigencia hasta la actualidad. De este modo, el estudio efectúa un nuevo aporte para una historiografía sobre textos de urbanidad y educación cívica en Chile, que contribuye a sentar bases para futuros análisis comparativos en Latinoamérica sobre la materia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In non-physiological conditions, bile acids (BA) are considered to be endogenous inflammatory-carcinogenic agents causing alterations in plasma membranes, mitochondria, DNA, genes and epithelial cell apoptosis. Objective: Describe the association between high bile acid levels in the intestinal lumen and the inflammation-cancer sequence, expressed as inflammatory premalignant and malignant lesions of the digestive tract. Methods: A systematic critical review was conducted of the evidence about biomolecular mechanisms associated to high bile acid levels in the intestinal lumen and the inflammation-carcinogenesis sequence published in the databases PubMed, Medline, SciELO, LILACS and Elsevier in the period 2015-2020, laying the theoretical and metabolomic foundations of that sequence. Results: Bile acids display toxic activity in the inflammation-cancer sequence of the digestive tract, since control is lost of its homeostasis or the anatomical-functional integrity of the hepato-vesicular-biliary-intestinal system. Conclusions: The cellular and biomolecular mechanisms triggered by high bile acid levels provide a context for the genesis of the inflammation-cancer sequential process and its interaction with the classic, genetic and epigenetic risk factors recognized as a new pathophysiological paradigm of digestive cancer.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los ácidos biliares en condiciones no fisiológicas se consideran agentes inflamatorio-carcinógenos endógenos que originan alteraciones en membranas plasmáticas, mitocondrias, el ADN, los genes y, la apoptosis de las células epiteliales. Objetivo: Describir la asociación entre los niveles elevados de ácidos biliares en la luz intestinal y la secuencia inflamación-cáncer, expresados como lesiones inflamatorias, premalignas y malignas del tracto digestivo. Métodos: Revisión sistemática y crítica de las evidencias sobre los mecanismos biomoleculares asociados a niveles altos de ácidos biliares en la luz intestinal y la secuencia inflamación-carcinogénesis, en bases de datos como PubMed, Medline, SciELO, LILACS y Elsevier, publicados entre 2015-2020, que establecen el fundamento teórico y metabolómico de dicha secuencia. Resultados: Los ácidos biliares tienen una acción tóxica en la secuencia inflamación-cáncer del tracto digestivo, al perderse el control de su homeostasis o la integridad anatomo-funcional del sistema hepato-vesículo-bilio-intestinal. Conclusiones: Los mecanismos celulares y biomoleculares desencadenados por los niveles altos de ácidos biliares contextualizan la génesis del proceso secuencial inflamación-cáncer y su interacción con los factores de riesgo clásicos, genéticos y epigenéticos reconocidos como un nuevo paradigma fisiopatológico del cáncer digestivo.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluated the enterprises engaged in conventional cage, enriched cage, free-range and organic egg production in Turkey in terms of four different criteria (profit, investment cost, animal welfare/health and sales/marketing) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, the questionnaires through face-to-face interviews were conducted with a total of 64 producers who had been determined by random sampling method from 5 different regions included 17 Provinces between November 2016 and March 2019, and primary data were obtained. As a result, it has been found strategically significant that enterprises, to be engaged at the level of 47.0%, 20.0%, 18.0% and 15.0% in conventional, enriched, free-range and organic cage systems, respectively, in the market in terms of profit, investment cost, animal welfare/health and sales /marketing criteria. In addition, in the enterprises within the scope of the research, the profit, investment cost, sales/marketing and animal welfare/health criteria were determined as the dominant criteria at the level of 53.5%, 22.0%, 13.5% and 11.0% respectively. In conclusion, the conventional cage system is dominant with the rates of 55.0% for profit and 53.0% for investment cost criteria, and both of the conventional and enriched systems in terms of sales/marketing criteria are 38.5% dominant and the organic system in terms of animal welfare/health is 46.0% dominant.

ABSTRACT. A pair of Harris's Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) is monitored in a private home where a breeding chamber is located for the effect. The individuals were captive specimens under falconry techniques. The characteristics of the brood chamber, the process of adaptation of the pair are described. The copulation period was about 30 days, the laying of eggs occurred with intervals of 72 hours. The average incubation time was 36 days, mainly carried out by the female, the data was obtained from two successive clutches. The shape, color of the eggs and the appearance of the newly hatched chicks were described. The diet provided is also described.

RESUMEN. Se monitoreó una pareja de Gavilanes de Harris (Parabuteo unicinctus) en un domicilio particular en donde se estableció una cámara de cría para el efecto. Los individuos eran ejemplares cautivos bajo técnicas de cetrería. Se describe las características de la cámara de cría, el proceso de adaptación de la pareja. El periodo de copulas fue de unos 30 días, la puesta de huevos se dio con intervalos de 72hs. El tiempo de incubación promedio fue de 36 días a cargo principalmente de la hembra, los datos se obtuvieron de dos nidadas sucesivas. Fueron descriptos la forma, el color de huevos y aspecto de los pichones recién nacidos. También se describe la dieta suministrada.

Resumo Ao longo da vida os indivíduos se envolvem num processo permanente de (re)construir laços (familiares, comunitários, profissionais, de cidadania) que lhes assegurem a proteção frente a riscos e o reconhecimento de sua própria existência e identidade. Embora, em cada sociedade, as várias modalidades de laço se façam presentes, há sempre um tipo preeminente, cujos valores e princípios influem sobre os demais, regulando-os e assentando as bases para uma economia moral particular, para um “regime de vinculação”. Neste artigo trataremos o tema a partir do caso brasileiro. Usaremos a comparação para identificar suas singularidades. Inicialmente compararemos os dados para o Brasil com aqueles produzidos em estudo anterior sobre uma amostra de dezesseis países europeus. Em seguida, analisaremos suas heterogeneidades internas, observando mudanças no tempo e entre regiões do país.

Abstract Throughout their lives, individuals engage in a permanent process of (re)building ties (family, community, professionals, citizenship) that ensure protection from the risks and recognition of their own existence and identity. Although in each society, the various types of ties are present, there is always a preeminent one, whose values and principles influence the others, regulating them and laying the foundations for a particular moral economy, for an “attachment regime”. In this article we will approach the subject from the Brazilian case. We will analyze its peculiar regime by means of comparisons. We will initially compare Brazilian data with those gathered in a previous study on a sample of sixteen European countries. Then, we will explore its internal heterogeneities, comparing changes on time and between Brazilian regions.

ABSTRACT The hatchery is one of the most important segments of the poultry chain, and generates an abundance of data, which, when analyzed, allow for identifying critical points of the process . The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the data mining technique to databases of egg incubation of broiler breeders and laying hen breeders. The study uses a database recording egg incubation from broiler breeders housed in pens with shavings used for litters in natural mating, as well as laying hen breeders housed in cages using an artificial insemination mating system. The data mining technique (DM) was applied to analyses in a classification task, using the type of breeder and house system for delineating classes. The database was analyzed in three different ways: original database, attribute selection, and expert analysis. Models were selected on the basis of model precision and class accuracy. The data mining technique allowed for the classification of hatchery fertile eggs from different genetic groups, as well as hatching rates and the percentage of fertile eggs (the attributes with the greatest classification power). Broiler breeders showed higher fertility (> 95 %), but higher embryonic mortality between the third and seventh day post-hatching (> 0.5 %) when compared to laying hen breeders’ eggs. In conclusion, applying data mining to the hatchery process, selection of attributes and strategies based on the experience of experts can improve model performance.