Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do bem-estar espiritual na gratidão, perdão e resiliência em estudantes universitários da cidade de Lima. Foi utilizado um desenho explicativo com variáveis latentes. A amostra foi composta por 957 estudantes universitários (29,5 % homens e 70,5 % mulheres) de 13 universidades (22,36 % públicas e 77,64 % privadas) de Lima Metropolitana. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (SWBS), a Escala de Disposição ao Perdão (TFS), a Escala de Gratidão (EG) e a Escala Breve de Resiliência (EBR). Entre os achados, encontrou-se que o modelo estimado com o método DWLS permite indicar que o bem-estar espiritual tem efeitos diretos sobre o perdão, gratidão e resiliência. Por sua vez, a covariância entre perdão e gratidão foi de .090 (p > .05), entre perdão e resiliência de .236 (p < .01) e entre gratidão e resiliência foi igual a .122 (p < .01). As implicações dos resultados foram discutidas.

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the influence of spiritual well-being on gratitude, forgiveness, and resilience in university students in the city of Lima. An explanatory design with latent variables was used. The sample consisted of 957 university students (29.5 % men and 70.5 % women from 13 universities (22.36% public and 77.64 % private)), from Metropolitan Lima. The Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS), the Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS), the Gratitude Scale (GS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) were used. Among the findings, it was found that the model estimated with the DWLS method allows us to point out that spiritual well-being directly affects forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience. In turn, the covariance between forgiveness and gratitude was .090 (p > .05), the covariance between forgiveness and resilience was .236 (p < .01), and the covariance between gratitude and resilience was equal to .122 (p < .01). The implications of the results have been discussed.

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia del bienestar espiritual en la gratitud, el perdón y la resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. Se utilizó un diseño explicativo con variables latentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 957 estudiantes universitarios (29.5 % varones y 70.5 % mujeres, de 13 universidades (públicas 22.36 % y privadas 77.64 %) de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizaron la Escala de Bienestar Espiritual (SWBS), la Escala de Disposición al Perdón (TFS), la Escala de Gratitud (EG) y la Escala Breve de Resiliencia (EBR). Entre los hallazgos se encontró que el modelo estimado con el método DWLS permite señalar que el bienestar espiritual tiene efectos directos sobre el perdón, la gratitud y la resiliencia. A su vez, la covarianza entre perdón y gratitud fue .090 (p > .05), entre perdón y resiliencia de .236 (p < .01), y entre gratitud y resiliencia fue igual a .122 (p < .01). Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción: El Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) es una medida de autoinforme ultrabreve de síntomas depresivos y ansiosos. El PHQ-4 no ha sido adaptado ni validado en la población quechua hablante. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar el PHQ-4 en una muestra de población peruana quechua hablante en su variante Collao de Puno-Perú. Metodología: Participaron 221 personas hablantes de quechua variante collao (promedio de edad de 31,2 años, SD = 11,7, 47,1 % hombres y 52,9 % mujeres). Se evaluó la evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna, mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA), la fiabilidad con el método de consistencia interna y las características de dificultad y discriminación de los ítems en base a la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (IRT). Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que todos los ítems del PHQ-4 son relevantes, coherentes y claros para representar adecuadamente los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. El resultado del AFC apoyó un modelo unifactorial, donde los ítems de ansiedad y depresión conforman una sola variable latente con una fiabilidad alta. Todos los ítems del PHQ-4 presentas buenos parámetros de discriminación y los parámetros de dificultad indican que los ítems son comparativamente difíciles. Por lo tanto, se necesita una mayor presencia del rasgo latente (ansiedad y depresión) para responder las categorías de respuesta más altas. Discusión: En conclusión, la PHQ-4 presentó buenas propiedades psicométricas como una medida de detección primaria rápida, confiable y válida para personas quechuahablantes que necesitan una evaluación profunda, monitoreo de los síntomas para diagnóstico y tratamiento para la ansiedad o depresión.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) is an ultra-brief self-report measure of depression and anxiety symptoms. The PHQ-4 has not been adapted or validated in the Quechua-speaking population. Objective: This study aimed to adapt and validate the PHQ-4 in a sample of the Peruvian Quechua-speaking population with its Collao variant from Puno-Peru. Methods: A total of 221 Quechua speakers of the Collao variant (mean age 31.2 years, SD = 11.7, 47.1% male and 52.9% female) participated. Evidence of validity based on internal structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability using the internal consistency method, and item difficulty and discrimination characteristics based on Item Response Theory (IRT). Results: The results indicated that all items of the PHQ-4 were relevant, consistent, and clear enough to adequately represent anxiety and depressive symptoms. The CFA results supported a one-factorial model, in which anxiety and depression items form a single latent variable with high reliability. All items of the PHQ-4 had good discrimination parameters, and the difficulty parameters indicated that the items were comparatively difficult. Therefore, a higher presence of the latent trait (anxiety and depression) is needed to answer higher response categories. Discussion: In conclusion, the PHQ-4 presented good psychometric properties as a rapid, reliable, and valid primary screening measure for Quechua speakers in need of in-depth assessment and symptom monitoring for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Pese a la alta prevalencia de los problemas de conducta en niños y de su relevancia sociosanitaria, se sabe poco sobre las diferencias de género en sus características, determinantes e implicaciones. Este estudio longitudinal de tres años explora la diversidad de configuraciones de rasgos individuales en niños con problemas de conducta, evaluando 1) si pueden identificarse los mismos perfiles en niños y niñas y, 2) si los predictores y consecuencias de estos perfiles permanecen invariantes entre géneros. Método: Se realizó un análisis multigrupo de perfiles latentes basados en rasgos temperamentales y psicopáticos en 401 participantes (50,87% niñas) con altos problemas de conducta. Resultados: El número de perfiles y las medias y varianzas de las variables composicionales fueron similares entre géneros, pero las distribuciones fueron diferentes. Se identificaron cuatro perfiles, y las niñas pertenecían con mayor frecuencia al grupo menos problemático. Mientras que los predictores permanecieron invariables entre géneros, las consecuencias de dichos perfiles no. Conclusiones: Este estudio contribuye a la literatura sobre la heterogeneidad en los problemas de conducta mediante la identificación de constelaciones específicas de rasgos en niños y en niñas, y muestra la relevancia de atender al género para entender el desarrollo de los problemas de conducta.

Abstract: Background: Despite the high prevalence of conduct problems in children, and their social and health impact, little is known about gender differences in their characteristics, determinants and implications. This three-year longitudinal study explored the diversity of individual trait configurations in children with conduct problems, assessing whether 1) the same profiles can be identified in boys and girls and, 2) the predictors and outcomes of these profiles are invariant across genders. Method: A multigroup analysis of latent profiles based on temperamental and psychopathic traits was performed on a sample of 401 young children (50.87% girls) with high scores in conduct problems. Results: Both the number of profiles and the means and variances of compositional variables were similar across genders, but the distributions were different. Four profiles were identified, and girls belonged to the least problematic group more frequently. While the predictors were invariant across genders, outcomes were not. Conclusions: This study contributes to the literature on heterogeneity in conduct problems by identifying specific constellations of traits in both boys and girls and shows the importance of considering gender in understanding the progression of conduct problems.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación fue presentar pruebas actualizadas de validez basadas en la estructura interna de la ASRS-18. Se realizaron dos estudios, un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). En sentido contrario a lo que sugiere la literatura para el instrumento, el AFE indicó la adecuación del modelo unifactorial, lo que apoyó la decisión respecto al número de factores a retener. Una vez determinada la estructura de la escala, se realizaron análisis AFC y AFC multigrupo para evaluar las características del instrumento. Los resultados obtenidos en el AFC fueron inicialmente insatisfactorios, mostraron ítems con altas correlaciones residuales, explicadas por redundancia de contenido entre ítems. Por lo que se decidió reducir el número de ítems del instrumento. Los análisis indicaron que la escala era adecuada para su uso tanto en la práctica clínica como en la investigación. Por último, el AFC multigrupo mostró que la variable género influía en el patrón de respuesta de la escala, las mujeres necesitan un rasgo latente mayor para puntuar más alto en los ítems de inatención y un rasgo menor para los ítems de hiperactividad. La ASRS-18 propuesta presenta un modelo preciso y estable para medir el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Se sugiere utilizar una versión reducida del instrumento, así como realizar nuevas investigaciones para ampliar la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas. En el ámbito clínico, se recomienda tener en cuenta las sugerencias presentadas en las discusiones de este estudio para evaluar los síntomas del TDAH para el criterio A según el DSM.

Abstract: The aim of this research was to present updated validity evidence based on the internal structure of the ASRS-18. Two studies were carried out, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In the opposite direction to what the literature suggests for the instrument, the EFA indicated the adequacy of the one-factor model, which supported the decision regarding the number of factors to be retained. Once the structure of the scale had been determined, CFA and multi-group CFA analyses were carried out to assess the characteristics of the instrument. The results obtained in the CFA were initially unsatisfactory, with items having high residual correlations, explained by the redundancy of content between items. It was therefore decided to reduce the number of items in the instrument, and the analyses indicated that the scale was suitable for use in both clinical practice and research. Finally, the multi-group CFA showed that the gender variable influenced the scale's response pattern, with women needing a greater latent trait to score higher on the inattention items and a lower trait for the hyperactivity items. The proposed ASRS-18 presents an accurate and stable model for measuring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is suggested that a reduced version of the instrument be used, as well as further research to expand the evaluation of psychometric properties. In the clinical sphere, it is recommended to consider the suggestions presented in the discussions of this study for assessing ADHD symptoms for criterion A according to the DSM.

Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar atualizações de evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna da ASRS-18. Foram realizados dois estudos, uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE), e uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). Em direção oposta ao que a literatura sugere para o instrumento a AFE indicou adequação do modelo de um fator, dado que sustentou a decisão em relação ao número de fatores a serem retidos. Uma vez determinada a estrutura da escala foram realizadas análises AFC e AFC multigrupo para avaliação das características do instrumento. Os resultados obtidos na AFC inicialmente não foram satisfatórios, observando-se itens com altas correlações residuais, explicadas pela redundância de conteúdo entre itens, assim optou-se pela redução da quantidade de itens do instrumento, bem como as análises indicaram adequação da escala tanto para uso em prática clínica quanto em pesquisa. Por fim a AFC multigrupo demonstrou que a variável gênero influenciava no padrão de reposta da escala, mulheres precisavam de maior traço latente para pontuar mais alto nos itens de desatenção e menor traço para os itens de hiperatividade. A ASRS-18 proposta apresenta um modelo preciso e estável para mensuração do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH). Sugere-se a utilização de uma versão reduzida do instrumento, assim como novas pesquisas para ampliar a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas. No âmbito clínico é recomendável considerar as sugestões apresentadas nas discussões do presente estudo para avaliação de sintomas de TDAH para o critério A de acordo com o DSM.

Objectives: To provide practical norms for measuring depressive symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in Brazil through a state-of-the-art psychometrics analysis. Methods: We used a large representative dataset from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde – 2019), which included 90,846 Brazilian citizens. To assess scale structure, we assessed a unidimensional model using confirmatory factor analysis. Item response theory was used to characterize the distribution of depressive symptoms. Summed- and mean-based PHQ-9 scores were then linked using item response theory-based scores in generalized additive models. Finally, percentiles, T scores, and a newly developed score, called the decimal score (D score), were generated to describe PHQ-9 norms for the Brazilian population. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit to the unidimensional model, being invariant to age and sex. Item response theory captured item-level information about the latent trait (reliable from 1 to 3 SDs above the mean). Brazilian norms were presented using summed scores, T scores, and D scores. Conclusion: This is the first study to determine Brazilian norms for the PHQ-9 among a large representative sample using robust psychometric tools. More precise PHQ-9 scores are now available and may be widely used in primary and specialized clinical care settings. Objectives PHQ9 PHQ (PHQ-9 stateoftheart state art Methods 201 Pesquisa 2019, , 2019) 90846 90 846 90,84 citizens structure Summed meanbased mean based PHQ- theorybased models Finally percentiles score) population Results sex itemlevel level reliable mean. . mean) Conclusion tools settings (PHQ- 20 9084 84 90,8 (PHQ 2 908 8 90,

Abstract Introduction: the validity of claims about learner self-reports depends on the credibility of the measures used. Inventories developed within the psychometric tradition are expected to provide theoretical and empirical evidence for the validity and reliability of the measures to support subsequent interpretations and decisions. These practices depend on a set of assumptions based on latent trait theory that are essential to understanding what psychometric measures can do. This tutorial outlines essential characteristics of design and reporting of psychometric self-report data.

Resumen Introducción: la validez de las afirmaciones sobre los autoinformes depende de la credibilidad de las medidas utilizadas. Se espera que los inventarios desarrollados dentro de la tradición psicométrica proporcionen evidencia teórica y empírica de la validez y confiabilidad de las medidas para respaldar las interpretaciones y decisiones posteriores. Estas prácticas dependen de un conjunto de suposiciones basadas en la teoría del rasgo latente que son esenciales para comprender lo que pueden hacer las medidas psicométricas. Este documento describe las características esenciales del diseño y el informe de datos de autoinforme psicométrico.

Resumen La resiliencia es una característica individual que posibilita el reajuste biopsicosocial y espiritual que ayuda al bienestar psicológico y al desenvolvimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la invarianza de medición según el sexo, de dos versiones breves de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) y determinar si existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Se evaluó con la CD-RISC-10, que incluye la CD-RISC-7, a una muestra de 491 universitarios arequipeños (312 mujeres; 179 hombres) con edad promedio de 20.56 años (DE = 3.18), de una institución privada. Inicialmente se realizó un análisis factorial multigrupo con cada versión para valorar el grado de invarianza de medición alcanzado, y luego de ello se compararon las medias latentes de resiliencia entre hombres y mujeres. En cuanto a los resultados, la CD-RISC-7 presentó indicadores estructurales más favorables (e.g., λ > .50; en mujeres: CFI = .981, RMSEA = .087, WRMR = 0.683; en hombres: CFI = .966, RMSEA = .124, WRMR = 0.783), que la CD-RISC-10 (e.g., λ < .50, índices de ajuste en mujeres: CFI = .974, RMSEA = .073, WRMR = 0.774; en hombres: CFI = .960, RMSEA = .095, WRMR = 0.803) incluyendo la invarianza de medición (invarianza estricta: ΔCFI = .003; ARMSEA = .001), y al comparar las medias latentes fueron halladas diferencias significativas a favor de los hombres (d = .471). Finalmente, se discuten las implicancias teóricas y metodológicas de los hallazgos, así como la necesidad de ampliar los estudios considerando otros aspectos relevantes para una mejor comprensión del constructo resiliencia.

Abstract Resilience is an individual trait that enables biopsychosocial and spiritual readjustment, helping the psychological well-being and academic performance of university students. The objective of this research was to analyze the measurement invariance by sex of two short versions of the Connor - Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and to determine if there are differences between men and women. A sample of 491 Arequipa university students (63.5% women), with an average age of 20.56 years-old (SD = 3.18), from a private institution in Arequipa-Peru was evaluated with the CD-RISC-10, which includes the CD-RISC-7. First, a multi-group factor analysis was carried out with each version to assess the degree of measurement invariance achieved, and then the latent means of resilience between men and women were compared. Regarding the results, the cD-Risc-7 presented more favorable structural indicators (e.g., λ > .50; in women: CFI= .981, RMSEA= .087, WRMR = 0.683; in men: CFI= .966, RMSEA= .124, WRMR= 0.783), than THE CD-RISC-10 (e.g., λ < .50, fit indices in women: CFI = .974, RMSEA = .073, WRMR = 0.774; in men: CFI = .960, RMSEA = .095, WRMR = 0.803), including measurement invariance (strict invariance: ΔCFI= .003; ARMSEA = .001), and when comparing latent means, significant differences in favor of men were found (d = .471). Finally, the theoretical and methodological implications of the findings are discussed, as well as the need to extend the studies considering other relevant aspects for a better understanding of the resilience construct.

ABSTRACT Phenotyping for quantitative resistance to Septoria tritici blotch (STB), one of the most economically devastating diseases of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in North African region, is a limiting factor for breeding progress. Here we tested main phenotypic markers of aggressiveness affecting host damage and pathogen reproduction reported in earlier studies for measuring differences in quantitative host resistance. A collection of 11 Tunisian durum wheat genotypes varying in resistance to the pathogen was inoculated by a highly aggressive and virulent isolate of Zymoseptoria tritici in a replicated field and controlled experiments, conducted in 2017-2018 at the experimental station of the Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja in Tunisia. The severity of infection caused by Z. tritici isolate, including percentage of leaf area covered by chlorotic lesions (PLACCL), percentage of leaf area covered by necrosis (PLACN), and percentage of leaf area covered by pycnidia (PLACP) as well as latent period (LP) and pycnidia density (PYCdens) were assessed visually and quantified. The results showed that there were significant differences in all assessed traits on the tested genotypes and significant positive correlations were obtained between PLACN, PLACP and PYCdens. Similarly, there was a significant negative correlation between LP and these last traits. The PLACP was found as the more reliable trait to discriminate genotypes to different classes of resistance, consistent with the results obtained for the remaining traits. These data suggest that using both necrotic leaf area (PLACN) bearing pycnidia and PYCdens can improve selection for quantitative STB resistance.

Objectives: To provide practical norms for measuring depressive symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in Brazil through a state-of-the-art psychometrics analysis. Methods: We used a large representative dataset from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde – 2019), which included 90,846 Brazilian citizens. To assess scale structure, we assessed a unidimensional model using confirmatory factor analysis. Item response theory was used to characterize the distribution of depressive symptoms. Summed- and mean-based PHQ-9 scores were then linked using item response theory-based scores in generalized additive models. Finally, percentiles, T scores, and a newly developed score, called the decimal score (D score), were generated to describe PHQ-9 norms for the Brazilian population. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit to the unidimensional model, being invariant to age and sex. Item response theory captured item-level information about the latent trait (reliable from 1 to 3 SDs above the mean). Brazilian norms were presented using summed scores, T scores, and D scores. Conclusion: This is the first study to determine Brazilian norms for the PHQ-9 among a large representative sample using robust psychometric tools. More precise PHQ-9 scores are now available and may be widely used in primary and specialized clinical care settings.

Resumen Este estudio buscó adaptar y obtener evidencia de la validez de la Escala de Satisfacción de Elección de Curso (ESEC) para su uso en el contexto brasileño. Participaron un total de 674 estudiantes universitarios, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 62 años (M = 23,18, DT = 5,81). Se probaron seis modelos factoriales unidimensionales con el fin de identificar la solución más parsimoniosa para el instrumento. Se sugiere una solución final con cuatro elementos en lugar de seis. El modelo de respuesta graduada se aplicó a los ítems que funcionaron bien a niveles bajos del constructo. La ESEC se correlacionó significativamente con los cinco factores de personalidad, adaptabilidad profesional y satisfacción con la vida. Se indica que la ESEC presenta evidencia de validez favorable a su uso en el contexto brasileño, pero el instrumento identifica mejor a los insatisfechos con la elección del curso que a los satisfechos. (ESEC brasileño 67 universitarios 1 6 M 2318 23 23,18 5,81. 581 5,81 . 5 81 5,81) constructo personalidad vida satisfechos 231 2 23,1 58 5,8 8 23, 5,

Abstract This study aimed to adapt and obtain validity evidence for the Academic Major Satisfaction Scale (AMSS) in the Brazilian context. The instrument was tested in 674 college students, with ages ranging from 18 to 62 (M = 23.18, SD = 5.81). Six unidimensional models were tested in order to find the parsimonious solution to the instrument. A four-item final solution is suggested, instead of the original 6-item solution. IRT was applied and it was identified that the AMSS had high reliability in individuals with low levels of latent trait. AMSS was significantly correlated with the big-five personality factors, career adapt-ability and life satisfaction. AMSS presents favorable evidences of validity to the Brazilian context, although the scale is more efficient in identifying students who are unsatisfied rather than satisfied with their college major. (AMSS context 67 1 6 M 2318 23 23.18 5.81. 581 5.81 . 5 81 5.81) fouritem four item suggested 6item trait bigfive big five factors adaptability ability satisfaction major 231 2 23.1 58 5.8 8 23. 5.

Resumo Este estudo buscou adaptar e obter evidências de validade da Escala de Satisfação com a Escolha do Curso (ESEC) para uso no contexto brasileiro. Participaram deste estudo 674 estudantes universitários, com idade variando entre 18 e 62 anos (M= 23,18, DP= 5,81). Seis modelos fatoriais unidimensionais foram testados com o objetivo de identificar a solução mais parcimoniosa para o instrumento. Sugere-se uma solução final com quatro itens, ao invés de seis. Análises de TRI foram realizadas e observou-se alta fidedignidade da escala para mensuração de baixos níveis do traço latente. A ESEC esteve significativamente correlacionada com os cinco fatores de personalidade, adaptabilidade de carreira e satisfação com a vida. Indica-se que a ESEC apresenta evidências de validade favoráveis ao seu uso no contexto brasileiro, mas o instrumento identifica melhor indivíduos insatisfeitos com a escolha do curso do que os satisfeitos. (ESEC brasileiro 67 universitários 1 6 M= M (M 2318 23 23,18 DP 5,81. 581 5,81 . 5 81 5,81) Sugerese Sugere se itens seis observouse observou latente personalidade vida Indicase Indica satisfeitos 231 2 23,1 58 5,8 8 23, 5,

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to propose and compare metrics of accuracy and bias of genomic prediction of breeding values for traits with censored data. Genotypic and censored-phenotypic information were simulated for four traits with QTL heritability and polygenic heritability, respectively: C1: 0.07-0.07, C2: 0.07-0.00, C3: 0.27-0.27, and C4: 0.27-0.00. Genomic breeding values were predicted using the Mixed Cox and Truncated Normal models. The accuracy of the models was estimated based on the Pearson (PC), maximal (MC), and Pearson correlation for censored data (PCC) while the genomic bias was calculated via simple linear regression (SLR) and Tobit (TB). MC and PCC were statistically superior to PC for the trait C3 with 10 and 40% censored information, for 70% censorship, PCC yielded better results than MC and PC. For the other traits, the proposed measures were superior or statistically equal to the PC. The coefficients associated with the marginal effects (TB) presented estimates close to those obtained for the SLR method, while the coefficient related to the latent variable showed almost unchanged pattern with the increase in censorship in most cases. From a statistical point of view, the use of methodologies for censored data should be prioritized, even for low censoring percentages. ABSTRACT censoredphenotypic phenotypic respectively C1 C 0.070.07, 007007 0.07 0.07, 0 07 0.07-0.07 C2 0.070.00, 007000 0.00, 00 0.07-0.00 0.270.27, 027027 0.27 0.27, 27 0.27-0.27 C4 0.270.00. 027000 0.00. 0.27-0.00 PC, , (PC) MC, (MC) (PCC (SLR TB. TB . 1 40 70 (TB method cases view prioritized percentages 070 0.070.07 00700 007 0.0 0.07-0.0 0.070.00 000 0.00 270 0.270.27 02702 027 0.2 2 0.27-0.2 0.270.00 02700 0.27-0.0 (PC (MC 4 7 0.070.0 0070 0. 0.07-0. 0.270.2 0270 02 0.27-0. 0.270.0 0.070. 0.07-0 0.270. 0.27-0 0.070 0.07- 0.270 0.27-

BACKGROUND: Early detection of psychosis improves treatment outcomes, but there is limited research evaluating the validity of psychosis screening instruments, particularly in low-resourced countries AIM: This study aims to assess the construct validity and psychometric properties of the psychosis screening questionnaire (PSQ) in South Africa SETTING: This study was conducted at several health centres in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces in South Africa METHODS: The sample consisted of 2591 South African adults participating as controls in a multi-country case-control study of psychiatric genetics. Using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the PSQ RESULTS: Approximately 11% of the participants endorsed at least one psychotic experience on the PSQ, and almost half of them (49%) occurred within the last 12 months. A unidimensional model demonstrated good fit (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.023, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.977 and Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.954). The mania item had the weakest association with a single latent factor (standardised factor loading = 0.14). Model fit improved after removing the mania item (RMSEA = 0.025, CFI = 0.991 and TLI = 0.972). With item response theory analysis, the PSQ provided more information at higher latent trait levels CONCLUSION: Consistent with prior literature, the PSQ demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure among South Africans. In our study, the PSQ in screening for psychosis performed better without the mania item, but future criterion validity studies are warranted CONTRIBUTION: This study highlights that PSQ can be used to screen for early psychosis

Resumen La práctica docente implica una exposición continuada a situaciones de estrés. Ante la escasez de estudios que identifiquen patrones de afrontamiento, desde una aproximación centrada en la persona pretendemos: 1) identificar perfiles de afrontamiento en docentes; 2) analizar si la inteligencia emocional percibida determina la probabilidad de pertenecer a los perfiles identificados; y 3) comprobar si la pertenencia a un determinado perfil se relaciona con un resultado de salud como el burnout. Doscientos cincuenta docentes (161 mujeres) participaron en el estudio respondiendo al Trait Meta-Mood Scale para la evaluación de la inteligencia emocional percibida, el cuestionario COPE para la evaluación de estrategias de afrontamiento y el Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey para la evaluación del burnout. Mediante un análisis de perfil latente se obtuvieron tres perfiles: 1) “afrontadores adaptativos”; 2) “evitadores conductuales con estrategias generales”; y 3) “evitadores cognitivos con estrategias centradas en consumo”. Se comprueba cómo las dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional contribuyen a explicar la pertenencia a los perfiles conectados con mejores resultados de salud. En cuanto a los resultados relacionados con la pertenencia a un perfil, el perfil de “evitadores cognitivos con estrategias centradas en consumo” es el que muestra mayores niveles de burnout.

Abstract Teaching practice involves continuous exposure to stress situations. Given the scarcity of studies that identify coping patterns from a person-centered approach we intended to: 1) identify coping profiles in teachers; 2) analyze whether perceived emotional intelligence determines the probability of belonging to the identified profiles; and 3) test whether membership in a particular profile is related to a health outcome such as burnout. Two hundred and fifty teachers (161 women) participated in the study by responding to the Trait Meta-Mood Scale for the evaluation of perceived emotional intelligence, the COPE questionnaire for the evaluation of coping strategies and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey for the evaluation of burnout. A latent profile analysis yielded three profiles: 1) “adaptive copers”; 2) “behavioural evaders with broad strategies”; and 3) “cognitive evaders with consumption-based strategies”. Results show that the emotional intelligence dimensions contribute to explaining membership in related profiles with better health outcomes. In terms of profile-related outcomes, the profile of “cognitive evaders with consumption-based strategies” shows the highest levels of burnout.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou conhecer as evidências da estrutura interna da Escala de Empatia Básica (BES-20) e os parâmetros de seus itens. Contou-se com a participação de 300 sujeitos da população geral que responderam a BES, além de perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram uma solução composta por dois fatores para a medida com os fatores de empatia afetiva (α = 0,84 e ω = 0,84) e empatia cognitiva (α = 0,84 e ω = 0,84). Análises via Teoria de Resposta ao Item demonstraram que os itens da BES-20 discriminam adequadamente os participantes e exigem baixa quantidade de traço latente para o endosso de suas categorias de resposta. Além disso, forneceu-se uma medida reduzida composta por 10 itens (BES-10) com parâmetros psicométricos e taxas de informação comparável à versão com 20 itens. Conclui-se que ambas as versões da BES reúnem evidências que corroboram sua qualidade psicométrica, podendo serem utilizadas em estudos futuros que objetivem mensurar a empatia no Brasil.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate evidence for the internal structure of the 20 item Basic Empathy Scale (BES-20), and verify the parameters of each of its items. The participants totaled 300 subjects from the community sample who answered both the BES-20 and demographic questions. The results indicated a two-factor measure involving: affective empathy (α = .84 and ω =.84) and cognitive empathy (α =.84 and ω =.84). Analyses using Item Response Theory demonstrated that the items of the BES-20 properly discriminated between participants, requiring low levels of latent trait for agreement/checking-off responses in each category. In addition, we developed a 10 item (short-form) version (BES-10) which when compared to the full version yielded equivalent psychometric parameters and information scores. Overall, both the BES-20 and BES-10 were confirmed as qualified for psychometric use in future studies to measure empathy in Brazil.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las evidencias de la estructura interna de la Escala Básica de Empatía (EBE-20) y los parámetros de sus ítems. Participaron 300 personas de la población general que respondieron la EBE-20 y preguntas demográficas. Los resultados indicaron una solución de dos factores: empatía afectiva (α = .84 y ω = .84) y empatía cognitiva (α = .84 y ω = .84). Los análisis a través de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem demostraron que los ítems de la EBE-20 discriminan adecuadamente los participantes, y requieren una cantidad baja de rasgos latentes para la aprobación de sus categorías de respuesta. Además, se proporcionó una medida reducida que consta de 10 ítems (EBE-10) con parámetros psicométricos y tasas de información comparables a la versión con 20 ítems. Se concluye que ambas versiones de la EBE recogen evidencias que corroboran su calidad psicométrica y pueden ser utilizadas en futuros estudios que tengan como objetivo medir la empatía en Brasil.

RESUMEN La percepción pública de la gravedad de los incidentes de violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja (VMP) es un factor importante relacionado con aspectos clave de este tipo de violencia, como su aceptabilidad o tolerancia, el sentido de responsabilidad personal, las actitudes hacia la intervención y las respuestas a la VMP de la población general, los profesionales y las víctimas. El objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar nuevas evidencias de validez de la escala PS-IPVAW [Perceived Severity of Intimate Partner Violence against Women], analizando su invarianza factorial entre géneros y distintos grupos de edad y entre hombres de la población general y hombres agresores de pareja. También se utilizó la teoría de respuesta al ítem para evaluar la discriminación de los ítems y su posición en el continuo del rasgo latente evaluado (i.e., la gravedad percibida de la VMP). Se examinaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en cuatro muestras de la población general (N = 2,627) y en una muestra clínica de hombres agresores de pareja (N = 200). Los resultados mostraron que la escala PS-IPVAW tuvo una excelente consistencia interna (α = .89-.90), una estructura latente unifactorial (CFI = .91-.96, RMSEA = .055-.086) y que se puede mantener el nivel de invarianza factorial estricta parcial entre géneros y distintos grupos de edad. Se encontró también que los hombres agresores de pareja mostraban un patrón diferencial en la evaluación de la gravedad percibida de la VMP en comparación con hombres de la población general. La escala PS-IPVAW es un instrumento capaz de evaluar de forma precisa la gravedad percibida de la VMP en la población general y en hombres agresores de pareja.

ABSTRACT Public perceptions of the severity of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) incidents are an important factor that has been linked to key issues regarding this type of violence, such as acceptability or tolerance, personal sense of responsibility, attitudes toward intervention, and the public's, professionals', and victims' responses to IPVAW. The aim of the present study was to provide further validity evidence for the perceived severity of IPVAW scale (PS-IPVAW), by assessing its measurement invariance between gender and age groups, and between men from the general population and male IPVAW offenders. Item response theory was also used to assess the discrimination of the items and their position on the measured latent trait continuum (i.e., perceived severity of IPVAW). To this end, the psychometric properties of the scale were examined in four different samples from the general population (N = 2,627) and in one clinical sample of male IPVAW offenders (N = 200). Our findings showed that the PS-IPVAW scale has excellent internal consistency (α = .89-.90) and a clear one-factor latent structure (CFI = .91-.96, RMSEA = .055-.086), and that partial strict invariance holds across different gender and age groups. We also found that IPVAW offenders' perceptions of the severity of IPVAW may follow a different pattern to that of men from the general population. The PS-IPVAW scale is able to yield accurate assessments of the perceived severity of this type of violence among the general population and IPVAW offenders.