Abstract Introduction: Despite sensory enrichment being critical for ensuring the well-being of captive wild animals, smells are not being included in enrichment protocols for birds. For this group, neophobia can be a problem when it comes to implementing new enrichment devices. Objective: To explore how participation in an olfactory enrichment and latency times varies between bird taxonomic groups (Amazona spp. / Ara spp. / Ramphastos spp.). Methods: We exposed 257 birds to a scent enrichment, and we recorded which individuals engaged with it and the time they took to interact with it. Results: We discovered that participation by toucans in the enrichment was higher compared to amazons and macaws. Furthermore, latency time to interact with the enrichment was higher in amazons that in the other species. Our findings could suggest that toucans are neophilic species which could benefit from higher exploration rates. Amazons on the contrary seem to be particularly neophobic, possibly because of their less opportunistic feeding habits compared to toucans and their higher vulnerability to predation compared to macaws. Conclusion: These results point out that toucans would be more inclined to engage in environmental enrichments, while a more natural design using smells inside familiar objects could be a more successful enrichment for psittacids.

Resumen Introducción: A pesar de que el enriquecimiento sensorial es fundamental para garantizar el bienestar de los animales silvestres en cautiverio, los olores no son incluidos de forma rutinaria en los protocolos de enriquecimiento para aves. Además, en el caso de estos animales, la neofobia puede ser un problema a la hora de implementar nuevos dispositivos de enriquecimiento. Objetivo: Explorar cómo varía la participación y la latencia en la interacción con un enriquecimiento olfativo entre grupos taxonómicos de aves (Amazona spp. / Ara spp. / Ramphastos spp.). Métodos: Expusimos a 257 aves a un enriquecimiento olfativo y registramos qué individuos participaron y el tiempo que tardaron en interactuar con él. Resultados: La participación en el enriquecimiento fue mayor en los tucanes en comparación con las amazonas y los guacamayos. Además, el tiempo de latencia para interactuar con el enriquecimiento fue mayor en las amazonas que en las otras especies. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los tucanes son especies neofílicas que podrían beneficiarse de tasas de exploración más altas. Por otro lado, las amazonas parecen ser particularmente neofóbicas, posiblemente debido a sus hábitos alimenticios menos oportunistas en comparación con los tucanes y a su mayor vulnerabilidad a la depredación en comparación con los guacamayos. Conclusión: Estos resultados señalan que los tucanes serían más proclives a participar en enriquecimientos ambientales, mientras que un diseño que utilice olores dentro de objetos más naturales o familiares podría ser más exitoso para las psitácidas.

Abstract: This paper introduces the Distributed Utility Function Algorithm (D-AFU) as a notable progression in managing and optimizing network traffic within distributed settings. Based on the utility function principle, D-AFU dynamically adjusts data rate in response to ever-changing network demands, with optimal performance and a higher user experience. Contrary to the centralized model, D-AFU employs a distributed, scalable and resilient against failures and system overloads mechanism. Its efficiency was validated using the NS-3 simulator. Three main metrics were used: the data rate allocation, utility per session, and fairness (quantified by the Gini coefficient). D-AFU displays exceptional performance and low latency, particularly vital for real-time applications with high Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.

Resumen: El artículo presenta el Algoritmo de Función de Utilidad Distribuida (D-AFU) como una notable evolución en la gestión y optimización del tráfico de red en entornos distribuidos. Basado en el principio de función de utilidad, D-AFU ajusta dinámicamente la velocidad de datos en respuesta a las demandas cambiantes de la red, con un rendimiento óptimo y una mejor experiencia para el usuario. A diferencia del modelo centralizado, D-AFU emplea un mecanismo distribuido escalable y con mayor resistencia contra fallos y sobrecargas del sistema. Su eficiencia fue validada utilizando el simulador NS-3. Se utilizaron tres métricas principales: la tasa de asignación de transmisión, la utilidad por sesión y la equidad (cuantificada por el coeficiente de Gini). D-AFU mostró un rendimiento excepcional, especialmente vital para aplicaciones en tiempo real que exigen alta Calidad de Servicio (QoS) y baja latencia.

ABSTRACT Receiver channels amplitude and phase calibration in smart antennas is a crucial process to achieve the systems requirement. The implementation of these functions in a programmable device and the procedures for selecting its parameters is not a widely disseminated topic in the specialized literature. This work solves the previous problem by implementing the calibration algorithm in FPGA based on the requirements to guarantee the estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA) with super resolution. The design implemented in Hardware Description Language (HDL) corrects in real time the amplitude and phase errors between channels of the multichannel reception system with low latency and resource consumption. Experimental verification with real signals demonstrates that the errors obtained after calibration are within the expected range and corroborates the effectiveness of the design.

RESUMEN La calibración de los errores de amplitud y fase de los canales receptores en las antenas inteligentes resulta un proceso crucial para alcanzar los requerimientos del sistema. La implementación de estas funciones en un dispositivo programable y los procedimientos para la selección de sus parámetros, no es un tema ampliamente divulgado en la literatura especializada. Este trabajo soluciona la problemática anterior a partir de la implementación en FPGA del algoritmo de calibración en función de las exigencias para garantizar la estimación de la dirección de arribo (DOA, por sus siglas en inglés) con superresolución. El diseño implementado en Lenguaje de Descripción de Hardware (HDL, por sus siglas en inglés) corrige en tiempo real los errores de amplitud y fase entre canales del sistema de recepción multicanal con una baja latencia y consumo de recursos. La comprobación experimental con señales reales demuestra que los errores obtenidos luego de la calibración se encuentran en el rango esperado y corrobora la efectividad del diseño.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Smoking is a recognized risk factor for bladder BC and lung cancer LC. We investigated the enduring risk of BC after smoking cessation using U.S. national survey data. Our analysis focused on comparing characteristics of LC and BC patients, emphasizing smoking status and the latency period from smoking cessation to cancer diagnosis in former smokers. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Examination Survey (2003-2016), identifying adults with LC or BC history. Smoking status (never, active, former) and the interval between quitting smoking and cancer diagnosis for former smokers were assessed. We reported descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and median with interquartile ranges (IQR) for continuous variables. Results: Among LC patients, 8.9% never smoked, 18.9% active smokers, and 72.2% former smokers. Former smokers had a median interval of 8 years (IQR 2-12) between quitting and LC diagnosis, with 88.3% quitting within 0-19 years before diagnosis. For BC patients, 26.8% never smoked, 22.4% were active smokers, and 50.8% former smokers. Former smokers had a median interval of 21 years (IQR 14-33) between quitting and BC diagnosis, with 49.3% quitting within 0-19 years before diagnosis. Conclusions: BC patients exhibit a prolonged latency period between smoking cessation and cancer diagnosis compared to LC patients. Despite smoking status evaluation in microhematuria, current risk stratification models for urothelial cancer do not incorporate it. Our findings emphasize the significance of long-term post-smoking cessation surveillance and advocate for integrating smoking history into future risk stratification guidelines. Purpose US U S U.S Methods 20032016, 20032016 2003 2016 , (2003-2016) never, (never assessed IQR Results 89 9 8.9 smoked 189 18 18.9 722 72 2 72.2 212 12 2-12 883 88 3 88.3 019 0 19 0-1 268 26 26.8 224 22 4 22.4 508 50 50.8 1433 14 33 14-33 493 49 49.3 Conclusions microhematuria it longterm long term postsmoking post guidelines 2003201 200 201 (2003-2016 8. 1 18. 7 72. 2-1 88. 01 0- 26. 22. 5 50. 143 14-3 49. 200320 20 (2003-201 2- 14- 20032 (2003-20 (2003-2 (2003- (2003 (200 (20 (2 (

Abstract: The objective of this research is to conduct a comparative evaluation of various averaging methods for estimating evoked potentials using realistic simulations. Simulated signals are commonly employed to assess pattern recognition algorithms for event-related potential estimation since obtaining gold standard records is challenging. The simulations used are considered realistic because they allow for variations in potential latency, component width, and amplitudes. Background noise is simulated using an 8th order Burg autoregressive model derived from the analysis of a real dataset of auditory evoked potentials. The simulations incorporate actual instrumentation and acquisition channel effects, as well as power line interference. Three averaging methods for estimating the evoked potential waveform are compared: classical consistent average, weighted average, and reported average. The comparisons are conducted in two scenarios: one without artifacts and the other with 20% contamination by artifacts. The results of the comparative evaluation indicate that the trimmed average offers the best trade-off between the estimated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value and bias.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to evaluate clinical, cardiorespiratory, and Doppler echocardiographic changes in rabbits sedated with midazolam and morphine combined with or without dexmedetomidine. This study was a blinded, randomized, controlled experiment that included 16 adult male New Zealand rabbits weighing 3.1 ± 0.3 kg. The animals were sedated using one of the following protocols: 1 mg/kg midazolam and 2 mg/kg morphine (MIDA, n = 8), or 25 mg/kg dexmedetomidine, 2 mg/kg morphine and 1 mg/kg midazolam (DEX, n = 8). Sedation latency, duration of the sedation and recovery period, sedation scores, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and recta temperature were recorded, and Doppler echocardiography was performed. Latency periods were 7.3±1.6 min in the DEX group and 10.9 ± 5.0 min in the MIDA group (P = 0.112). Sedation duration was 122.4±14 min in the DEX group and 71.2 ± 32 min in the MIDA group (P = 0.005), whereas recovery time was 35.7±17.7 min in the DEX group and 32.5 ± 25.3 min in the MIDA group (P = 0.743). The sedation scores for the DEX group were significantly higher than those for the MIDA group throughout the monitoring period. Reductions in HR, SAP, MAP, and DAP values were observed in both groups relative to baseline values, and were significantly lower in the DEX group compared to the MIDA group. Minimal Doppler echocardiographic changes were observed. Dexmedetomidine used in combination with midazolam and morphine incremented the quality and duration of sedation in rabbits. Both protocols elicited cardiorespiratory changes that were well-tolerated, with minimal changes in myocardial function. ABSTRACT clinical dexmedetomidine blinded randomized 31 3 3. 03 0 0. kg mgkg mg MIDA, (MIDA 8, 8 , 8) DEX, (DEX 8. . latency period HR (HR) f, f (f) SpO2, SpO2 SpO (SpO2) SAP (SAP) DAP, (DAP) MAP (MAP) recorded performed 7316 7 6 7.3±1. 109 10 9 10. 50 5 5. P 0.112. 0112 0.112 112 0.112) 122414 122 4 14 122.4±1 712 71 71. 0.005, 0005 0.005 005 0.005) 357177 35 17 35.7±17. 325 32. 253 25. 0.743. 0743 0.743 743 0.743) welltolerated, welltolerated well tolerated, tolerated well-tolerated function (HR (f (SpO2 (SAP (DAP (MAP 731 7.3±1 011 0.11 11 12241 12 122.4± 000 0.00 00 35717 35.7±17 074 0.74 74 (SpO 73 7.3± 01 0.1 1224 122.4 0.0 3571 35.7±1 07 0.7 7.3 122. 357 35.7± 7. 35.7 35.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar alterações clínicas, cardiorrespiratórias e ecodopplercardiográficas, bem como o nível de sedação em coelhos sedados com midazolam e morfina combinadas, ou não, com dexmedetomidina. O design do estudo foi experimental controlado randomizado cego, com 16 coelhos adultos machos Nova Zelândia, pesando 3,1 ± 0,3 Kg. Os animais foram sedados aleatoriamente com um dos seguintes tratamentos: MIDA (n = 8): 1 mg/kg de midazolam e 2 mg/kg de morfina; DEX (n = 8) 25 mcg/kg de dexmedetomidina, 2 mg/kg de morfina e 1 mg/kg de midazolam; Latência, sedação e períodos de recuperação, escores de sedação, FC, f, SpO2, PAS, PAM, PAD, ToC, foram mensurados e ecoDopplercardiografia foi realizada. Os períodos de latência foram 7.3 ± 1.6 minutos no grupo DEX e 10.9 ± 5.0 minutos no grupo MIDA (P = 0,112). A duração da sedação foi de 122.4 ± 14 minutos no grupo DEX e 71.2 ± 32 minutos no grupo MIDA (P = 0,005). Os tempos totais de recuperação foram de 35.7 ± 17.7 minutos no grupo DEX e 32.5 ± 25.3 minutos no MIDA (P = 0,743). Os escores de sedação obtidos do grupo DEX foram estatisticamente superiores aos do grupo MIDA durante todas as observações (de 5 a 40 minutos). A redução dos valores de FC, PAS, PAM e PAD foi observada em ambos os grupos, em relação ao momento baseline, e foram significativamente menores no grupo DEX quando comparado ao MIDA. Alterações ecodopplercardiográficas mínimas foram observadas ambos os grupos. A adição de dexmedetomidina à associação midazolam/morfina aumentou o nível, a qualidade e a duração do protocolo sedativo. Ambos os protocolos causaram alterações cardiorrespiratórias bem toleradas em animais normais e com mínimas alterações na função miocárdica. RESUMO clínicas combinadas não cego Zelândia 31 3 3, 03 0 0, Kg tratamentos n 8 mgkg mg kg mcgkg mcg Latência FC f SpO2 SpO PAS ToC realizada 73 7 7. 6 1. 109 10 9 10. 50 5. P 0,112. 0112 0,112 . 112 0,112) 1224 122 4 122. 712 71 71. 0,005. 0005 0,005 005 0,005) 357 35 35. 177 17 17. 325 32. 253 25. 0,743. 0743 0,743 743 0,743) minutos. minutos) grupos baseline midazolammorfina sedativo miocárdica 011 0,11 11 12 000 0,00 00 074 0,74 74 01 0,1 0,0 07 0,7

ABSTRACT This case report presents the details of a 33-year-old female patient who was referred to a specialized retina service because of mild vision loss in her right eye). The patient’s visual acuity was 20/25 in right eye and 20/50 in the left eye (; amblyopic); the spherical equivalent was -12.75 diopters (right eye) and -14.75 diopters (left eye). Multimodal retinal imaging showed peripapillary schisis in both the inner and outer retinal layers, grade II posterior vitreous detachment, and a tessellated fundus. Using Humphrey perimetry and MP-3 microperimetry, the functional evaluation indicated macular sensitivity within normal limits and decreased sensitivity in the peripapillary region, especially in right eye. The pattern-re versal visual evoked potential was measured. The N75 and P100 latency and amplitude in right eye were within normal values for checks of 1º. However, the amplitude was low for checks of 15′. Highly myopic patients who have posterior staphyloma that involves the optic nerve are susceptible to posterior hyaloid traction, and the resulting peripapillary vitreous traction may compromise vision. 33yearold yearold 33 year old . s 2025 20 25 20/2 2050 50 20/5 ( amblyopic amblyopic) 12.75 1275 12 75 -12.7 14.75 1475 14 -14.7 layers detachment fundus MP3 MP 3 MP- microperimetry region patternre pattern re measured N N7 P P10 1º º However 15 15′ 202 2 20/ 205 5 12.7 127 1 7 -12. 14.7 147 -14. P1 12. -12 14. -14 -1 -

RESUMO Este relato de caso apresenta um paciente feminino de 33 anos encaminhado para um serviço especializado de retina devido à leve perda de visão em olho direito. A acuidade visual foi de 20/25 no olho direito e 20/50 no olho esquerdo, o equivalente esférico foi de -12,75 dioptrias e -14,75 dioptrias, respectivamente. Avaliações multimodais revelaram isquese peripapilar nas camadas internas e externas da retina, descolamento vítreo posterior grau II e fundo tesselado. Avaliação funcional com perimetria Humphrey e microperimetria MP-3 revelaram sensibilidade macular normais e diminuição da sensibilidade na região peripapilar, especialmente no olho direito. Potencial visual evocado de padrão reverso apresentou no olho direito latência e amplitude N75 e P100 dentro dos valores normais para verificação de 1º. Entretanto, a amplitude foi baixa para a de 15′. Pacientes alto míopes com esfiloma posterior envolvendo o nervo óptico são suscetíveis à tração da hialoide posterior. Portanto a tração vitreopapilar resultante pode causar comprometimento da visão. 3 2025 20 25 20/2 2050 50 20/5 esquerdo 12,75 1275 12 75 -12,7 14,75 1475 14 -14,7 respectivamente tesselado MP3 MP MP- N N7 P P10 1º º Entretanto 15 15′ 202 2 20/ 205 5 12,7 127 1 7 -12, 14,7 147 -14, P1 12, -12 14, -14 -1 -

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that diseases that may cause visual evoked potential abnormality, such as optic neuritis, may be associated with the coronavirus disease 2019. This study aimed to find out whether there are visual evoked potential abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 patients using pattern reversal visual evoked potential and flash visual evoked potential. METHODS: Patients with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019 patients) and controls were included in this prospective case-control study. This study was conducted in the Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory of Adana City Training and Research Hospital. Individuals without visual impairment were included. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients were required to have clinical features consistent with previous acute infection and a positive nose swab polymerase chain reaction test. Visual evoked potential was applied to coronavirus disease 2019 patients between July 2020 and July 2021. Controls consisted of patients without a history of chronic disease who underwent a visual evoked potential study between June 2017 and June 2018 due to headache or dizziness. Pattern reversal visual evoked potential and flash visual evoked potential were applied to all participants. N75, P100, and N135 waves obtained from pattern reversal visual evoked potential and P1, N1, P2, N2, P3, and N3 waves obtained from flash visual evoked potential were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 44 coronavirus disease 2019 patients and 40 controls were included in the study. Age and gender were not different between the two groups. Pattern reversal visual evoked potential parameters were not different between the two groups. Right P2 latency was 114.4±21.1 and 105.5±14.7 ms in coronavirus disease 2019 patients and controls, respectively (p=0.031). Patients with P100 and P2 wave abnormalities were 6 (13.6%) and 13 (29.6%), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there may be visual evoked potential abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. OBJECTIVE abnormality neuritis 201 METHODS casecontrol case control Hospital test 202 2021 dizziness participants N75 N P N13 P1 N1 N2 P3 analyzed RESULTS 4 groups 1144211 114 21 1 114.4±21. 1055147 105 5 14 7 105.5±14. p=0.031. p0031 p p=0.031 . 0 031 (p=0.031) P10 13.6% 136 (13.6% 29.6%, 296 29.6% , 29 (29.6%) CONCLUSION 20 N7 114421 11 2 114.4±21 105514 10 105.5±14 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.031 13.6 (13.6 29.6 (29.6% 11442 114.4±2 10551 105.5±1 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.03 13. (13. 29. (29.6 1144 114.4± 1055 105.5± p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (13 (29. 114.4 105.5 p=0 (p=0. (1 (29 114. 105. p= (p=0 ( (2 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the frequency-following response (FFR) for sustained neural activity. Methods: 39 individuals, aged between 20 to 47 months old were divided into 2 groups: (i) 20 individuals without prenatal exposure to the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) or hydrocephaly, normal development, no risk factors for hearing loss or syndromic hearing impairment and (ii) 19 individuals diagnosed with CZS and microcephaly - based on imaging studies linked to the clinical presentation of the condition. All participants exhibited normal click-ABR tests. FFR waveforms were documented using the /da/ syllable employing the Navigator Pro. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA (p-value <0.05). Results: no distinctions were observed concerning the variables of group, age, or gender with respect to FFR latency values, except for an interaction between gender and group for latency values associated with waves V and F. Children with CZS and microcephaly showed a difference for latency values in wave V for both males and females, when compared to the control group. Conclusion: children presented with CZS and microcephaly showed higher average latencies for waves V, A, C, D and F (male) compared to the control group, whereas, in waves E, F (female) and O they showed higher values in the control group. Purpose frequencyfollowing frequency following (FFR activity Methods 3 4 groups i (i (CZS hydrocephaly development ii (ii 1 condition clickABR click ABR tests da /da Pro pvalue p value <0.05. 005 <0.05 . 0 05 <0.05) Results age females Conclusion A C male (male whereas E female (female 00 <0.0 <0. <0 <

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the absolute latencies of waves I. III and V and the interpeak intervals I-III. III-V and I-V of the ABR recorded from different age groups of children with congenital zika virus infection and their peers without risk indicators for hearing impairment. Methods: 84 newborns and infants (N=51 study group and N=33 control group) divided into groups with different post-conceptual ages. with the results of their hearing exams analyzed by age group and compared with their peers without other risk indicators for hearing impairment. The assessment of the auditory pathway was conducted through tympanometry. otoacoustic emissions and auditory brain stem responses. Results: only the latency of wave I and the interpeak III-V showed no significant difference between the study and control groups. The absolute latency and interpeak values found in the study group were significantly lower than those found in the control group. Conclusion: the maturation of the brain stem in children with ZIKV infection occurred within normal limits. with no retrocochlear disorders until the age of 5 years. Purpose IIII. IIII III. I-III IIIV IV impairment Methods 8 N=51 N51 N 51 (N=5 N33 33 N=3 postconceptual post conceptual ages tympanometry responses Results Conclusion limits years N=5 N5 (N= N3 3 N= (N

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as latências absolutas das ondas I. III e V e os intervalos interpicos I-III. III-V e I-V do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico obtidos em diversos grupos etários de crianças portadoras de infecção congênita por zika vírus e nos seus pares sem indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva. Métodos: foram recrutados 84 recém-nascidos e lactentes (N=51 grupo de estudo e N=33 grupo controle) separados por grupos com diferentes idades pós-conceptuais. sendo os resultados dos seus exames auditivos analisados por faixa etária e comparados com seus pares sem outros indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva. A avaliação da via auditiva foi realizada por meio da timpanometria. emissões otoacústicas transientes e potencial evocado de tronco encefálico. Resultados: somente a latência da onda I e o intervalo interpico III-V não apresentaram diferença significante entre grupo de estudo e controle. Os valores de latências absolutas e interpicos encontrados no grupo de estudo foram menores do que os obtidos no grupo controle de forma significativa. Conclusão: a maturação do tronco encefálico nas crianças portadoras de infecção por Zika Vírus ocorreu dentro da normalidade. não apresentando alterações retrococleares até a idade de 5 anos. Objetivo IIII. IIII III. I-III IIIV IV Métodos 8 recémnascidos recém nascidos N=51 N51 N 51 (N=5 N33 33 N=3 pósconceptuais. pósconceptuais pós conceptuais. conceptuais pós-conceptuais timpanometria Resultados significativa Conclusão normalidade anos N=5 N5 (N= N3 3 N= (N

Abstract Aims Very Low Birthweight (VLBW) infants with neonatal Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) have been found to have functional impairment of the brainstem auditory pathway at term. This study investigated the functional status of the brainstem auditory pathway in VLBW infants with CLD after term for any abnormality. Methods Fifty-two VLBW infants were recruited at 50 weeks of Postconceptional Age: 25 with neonatal CLD and 27 without CLD. None had any other major complications to minimize confounding effects. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses were studied at 21‒91/s click rates. Results Compared with those without CLD, VLBW infants with CLD had relatively shorter latencies of BAER waves I and III, associated with a slightly lower BAER threshold. Wave V latency and I‒V interpeak interval did not differ significantly between the two groups of infants. The I‒III interval in infants with CLD was shorter than in those without CLD at 91/s clicks. However, the III‒V interval was significantly longer than in those without CLD at all click rates (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the amplitudes of BAER wave components between the two groups of infants. Conclusions The main BAER abnormality in VLBW infants with CLD was a prolonged III‒V interval. Auditory conduction is delayed or impaired at more central regions of the brainstem in CLD infants. After term central auditory function is adversely affected by neonatal CLD. Monitoring post-term change is required to provide valuable information for post-term care of CLD infants. (VLBW (CLD Fiftytwo Fifty 5 Age 2 effects 2191s s 21 91 III threshold IV IIII 91s clicks However IIIV 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) postterm post 9 00 0.0 0.

Abstract Medium chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), the most common fatty acid oxidation disorder, has been regarded as a relatively benign condition with low risk of mortality in patients with a known diagnosis, if adequate caloric intake is met. However, inadequate energy provision, as occurs in eating disorders, significantly amplifies the risk of metabolic decompensation. This case series describes four patients with MCADD and a concomitant eating disorder and aims to raise awareness of the potentially under-recognised coexistence of these conditions. All patients were female with signs of disordered eating in adolescence and young adulthood though latency in diagnosis was apparent. Three of the patients had low body mass index (BMI) and the other was overweight. Metabolic decompensation and hospitalisation occurred in three of four patients secondary to extreme risk-taking behaviour with caloric restriction. The coexistence of MCADD and eating disorders is of significant concern, placing the patient at substantial risk of decompensation in an otherwise relatively stable metabolic condition. Awareness of disordered eating in this population is paramount, as early recognition of signs and symptoms of eating disorders in the MCADD population may facilitate prompt intervention and avoidance of morbidity and potential mortality. acylcoA acyl coA MCADD, , (MCADD) met However provision underrecognised under recognised conditions apparent BMI (BMI overweight risktaking taking restriction concern paramount (MCADD

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate depression and sleep quality in Turkish women receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and investigate their relationship. METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study included 183 patients who received chemotherapy for non-metastatic breast cancer. Data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a disease-related/sociodemographic information form. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 50.2 years, and 50.3% were in menopause. The mean Beck Depression Inventory-II score was 19.64±10.4. Mild depression was detected in 25.7% (n=47) of the women, and moderate or severe depression in 55.2% (n=101). The mean global score of sleep quality was found to be 8.28±2.62, and the majority of the participants (79.7%, n=146) had poor sleep quality. There was a positive correlation (p<0.001, r=0.43) between depression and sleep quality scores. While a negative correlation was found between depression scores and age (p<0.001, r=0.26), the surgical procedure performed did not significantly affect depression scores (p=0.705). Additionally, depression scores were positively correlated with sleep duration (p<0.001, r=0.42) and sleep latency (p=0.01, r=0.48). CONCLUSION: Very high rates of depression and poor sleep quality were detected among Turkish women receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. The entire healthcare team involved in the treatment process should take this relationship into consideration and use the necessary preventive and therapeutic methods. OBJECTIVE METHODS crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional descriptive 18 nonmetastatic non metastatic InventoryII, InventoryII Inventory II, II Index diseaserelated/sociodemographic diseaserelatedsociodemographic disease related/sociodemographic related sociodemographic form RESULTS 502 50 2 50. years 503 3 50.3 menopause 1964104 19 64 10 4 19.64±10.4 257 25 7 25.7 n=47 n47 n 47 (n=47 552 55 55.2 n=101. n101 n=101 . 101 (n=101) 828262 8 28 62 8.28±2.62 79.7%, 797 79 (79.7% n=146 n146 146 p<0.001, p0001 p 0 001 (p<0.001 r=0.43 r043 r 43 r=0.26, r026 r=0.26 , 26 r=0.26) p=0.705. p0705 p=0.705 705 (p=0.705) Additionally r=0.42 r042 42 p=0.01, p001 01 (p=0.01 r=0.48. r048 r=0.48 48 r=0.48) CONCLUSION methods 1 diseaserelated relatedsociodemographic 5 196410 6 19.64±10. 25. n=4 n4 (n=4 55. n10 n=10 (n=101 82826 8.28±2.6 79.7% (79.7 n=14 n14 14 p<0.001 p000 00 (p<0.00 r=0.4 r04 r02 r=0.2 p070 p=0.70 70 (p=0.705 p=0.01 p00 (p=0.0 19641 19.64±10 n= (n= n1 n=1 (n=10 8282 8.28±2. 79.7 (79. p<0.00 (p<0.0 r=0. r0 p07 p=0.7 (p=0.70 p=0.0 p0 (p=0. 1964 19.64±1 (n (n=1 828 8.28±2 79. (79 p<0.0 (p<0. r=0 p=0. (p=0.7 (p=0 196 19.64± 82 8.28± (7 p<0. (p<0 r= p=0 (p= 19.64 8.28 ( p<0 (p< p= (p 19.6 8.2 p< 19. 8.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess medical students’ quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in different graduation cycles. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at a private university in Maceió, Brazil, from August 2021 to March 2022. The sample was composed of medical students aged 18 years and above from years 1–2 (basic cycle), 3–4 (clinical cycle), and 5–6 (internship) of Medical School who were invited to answer two validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: A total of 179 students participated; most of them were female (78.2%), aged 19–25 years (73.7%), and with a body mass index<25 kg/m2 (73.7%), with smaller participation from students from the basic cycle (21.2%). Analyzing the Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index, 55.9% of the students were classified as having poor sleep quality, with no difference in sleep category between gender, age, body mass index, and graduation cycle. Students with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 had longer sleep latency (p=0.016) and shorter sleep duration (p=0.027). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale assessment showed that 44.1% of the students exhibit daytime sleepiness. Women had more daytime sleepiness than men (p=0.017), with no difference between age, body mass index, and graduation cycle. CONCLUSION: About half of the medical students experience poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, regardless of the graduation cycle. This should trigger a targeted institutional intervention to promote better mental and physical health, as well as sleep hygiene, to reduce future health issues. OBJECTIVE cycles METHODS crosssectional cross sectional Maceió Brazil 202 2022 1 12 2 1– cycle, , cycle) 34 3 4 3– clinical 56 5 6 5– internship (internship questionnaires RESULTS 17 participated 78.2%, 782 78.2% 78 (78.2%) 1925 19 25 19–2 73.7%, 737 73.7% 73 7 (73.7%) index25 index<2 kgm2 kgm kg m2 m kg/m 21.2%. 212 21.2% . 21 (21.2%) 559 55 9 55.9 gender age ≥2 p=0.016 p0016 p 0 016 (p=0.016 p=0.027. p0027 p=0.027 027 (p=0.027) 441 44 44.1 p=0.017, p0017 p=0.017 017 (p=0.017) CONCLUSION hygiene issues 20 78.2 (78.2% 192 19– 73.7 (73.7% index2 index< 21.2 (21.2% 55. ≥ p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.027 44. (p=0.017 78. (78.2 73. (73.7 21. (21.2 p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 (p=0.02 (78. (73. (21. p=0. p0 (p=0. (78 (73 (21 p=0 (p=0 (7 (2 p= (p= ( (p

Abstract Lippia hermannioides (Verbenaceae) is a species endemic to Brazil with reported antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of L. hermannioides leaves (EOLH), using chromatographic and spectrometric methods, as well as its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential by implementing of chemical and thermal nociception models. The results revealed germacrene D (18.39%) as the major compound of the essential oil, followed by bicyclogermacrene (11.72%), 1,8-cineole (11.24%), sabinene (10.38%), E-caryophyllene (8.33%), β-pinene (7.37%), and α-pinene (6.18%). Intraperitoneal administration of EOLH at doses of 300 and 2,000 mg.kg-1 showed no signs of toxicity in mice. EOLH doses of 75 and 300 mg.kg-1 did not affect the animals’ motor coordination in the rotarod test but reduced the number of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid and decreased paw licking time in both phases of the formalin test. There was also an increased latency time in the hot plate test. These results indicate that this essential oil has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, thus supporting further research on the use of this phytotherapeutic resource in the health field. Verbenaceae (Verbenaceae activity L EOLH, , (EOLH) methods antiinflammatory anti inflammatory models 18.39% 1839 18 39 (18.39% 11.72%, 1172 11.72% 11 72 (11.72%) 1,8cineole 18cineole cineole 1,8 1 8 11.24%, 1124 11.24% 24 (11.24%) 10.38%, 1038 10.38% 10 38 (10.38%) Ecaryophyllene E caryophyllene 8.33%, 833 8.33% 33 (8.33%) βpinene β pinene 7.37%, 737 7.37% 7 37 (7.37%) αpinene α 6.18%. 618 6.18% . 6 (6.18%) 30 2000 2 000 2,00 mg.kg1 mgkg1 mgkg mg.kg mg kg mg.kg- mice animals field (EOLH 18.39 183 3 (18.39 117 11.72 (11.72% 8cineole 1, 112 11.24 (11.24% 103 10.38 (10.38% 83 8.33 (8.33% 73 7.37 (7.37% 61 6.18 (6.18% 200 00 2,0 kg1 18.3 (18.3 11.7 (11.72 11.2 (11.24 10.3 (10.38 8.3 (8.33 7.3 (7.37 6.1 (6.18 20 0 2, 18. (18. 11. (11.7 (11.2 10. (10.3 8. (8.3 7. (7.3 6. (6.1 (18 (11. (10. (8. (7. (6. (1 (11 (10 (8 (7 (6 (

Resumo Lippia hermannioides (Verbenaceae) é uma espécie endêmica do Brasil com indicativo de atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição química do óleo essencial das folhas de Lippia hermannioides (OELH), através da utilização de métodos cromatográficos e espectrométricos, e o potencial antinociceptivo e anti-inflamatório pela realização de modelos químicos e térmicos de nocicepção. Os resultados revelaram o germacreno D (18,39%), biciclogermacreno (11,72%), 1,8-cineol (11,24%), sabineno (10,38%), E-cariofileno (8,33%), β-pineno (7,37%) e α-pineno (6,18%) como os compostos majoritários presentes no óleo. A administração intraperitoneal do OELH nas doses de 300 e 2.000 mg.kg-1 não mostrou sinais de toxicidade em camundongos. Nas doses de 75 e 300 mg.kg-1, o OELH não afetou a coordenação motora dos animais no teste do rota-rod, diminuiu o número de contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético, reduziu o tempo de lambida da pata em ambas as fases do teste da formalina, bem como aumentou o tempo de latência no teste da placa quente. Esses resultados indicam que o óleo essencial estudado apresenta atividade antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória, fornecendo, dessa forma, subsídios para futuras pesquisas com a finalidade de utilizar este recurso fitogenético na saúde. Verbenaceae (Verbenaceae antimicrobiana OELH, , (OELH) espectrométricos antiinflamatório anti inflamatório nocicepção 18,39%, 1839 18,39% 18 39 (18,39%) 11,72%, 1172 11,72% 11 72 (11,72%) 1,8cineol 18cineol cineol 1,8 1 8 11,24%, 1124 11,24% 24 (11,24%) 10,38%, 1038 10,38% 10 38 (10,38%) Ecariofileno E cariofileno 8,33%, 833 8,33% 33 (8,33%) βpineno β pineno 7,37% 737 7 37 (7,37% αpineno α 6,18% 618 6 (6,18% 30 2000 2 000 2.00 mg.kg1 mgkg1 mgkg mg.kg mg kg mg.kg- camundongos mg.kg1, 1, rotarod, rotarod rota rod, rod rota-rod acético formalina quente antiinflamatória, antiinflamatória inflamatória, inflamatória anti-inflamatória fornecendo forma saúde (OELH 183 18,39 3 (18,39% 117 11,72 (11,72% 8cineol 112 11,24 (11,24% 103 10,38 (10,38% 83 8,33 (8,33% 7,37 73 (7,37 6,18 61 (6,18 200 00 2.0 kg1 18,3 (18,39 11,7 (11,72 11,2 (11,24 10,3 (10,38 8,3 (8,33 7,3 (7,3 6,1 (6,1 20 0 2. 18, (18,3 11, (11,7 (11,2 10, (10,3 8, (8,3 7, (7, 6, (6, (18, (11, (10, (8, (7 (6 (18 (11 (10 (8 ( (1